Heating equipment is designed to make life easier and make living in the house comfortable. Why carry firewood and buy coal? It is much more convenient to connect a gas boiler to a common line. It can be mounted either wall or floor method. But how to properly organize heating so that the coolant is distributed evenly throughout the system? How can you save on fuel consumption? Wiring diagrams will help you gas boiler.
What does the harness include?
How does the system usually work? It is based on a heating boiler, from which the coolant is distributed through pipes and radiators. The harness is an installation scheme that protects against overheating and guarantees effective work. It includes elements that are located between the radiators and the boiler:
- Pipes, divided into two circuits: supply and return lines.
- Shut-off valves, fittings.
- Expansion tank. Its volume is 10% of total number coolant in the system. When heated, water expands and pressure increases. To ensure that the value does not exceed the critical level, excess liquid is taken into a membrane tank. After cooling, the water returns to the circuit again.
- Safety valve. Has the same function as the expansion tank. Discharges excess water into the sewer, preventing an explosion when pressure increases.
- Air vent. Air pockets interfere with coolant circulation. The air vent automatically bleeds air from the system.
- Pressure gauge- a device for measuring and monitoring pressure.
- Circulation pump. Responsible for the forced movement of liquid through pipes. The pressure and productivity depend on its power.
- Hydroarrow- these are pipes that are combined into total capacity. With a hydraulic arrow, you can connect several circuits at the same time, avoiding their influence on each other.
- Coarse filter. Fine mesh detail. Detains debris that comes from tap water(sand, rust).
Automation is installed to control the operation of gas and electric boilers. This is a set of sensors for ionization, draft, ignition, temperature. Each of them controls the operation of a separate node.
How more complicated scheme piping, the more the efficiency of the boiler for a private house or apartment increases.
Strapping schemes
To understand how to make the connection correctly, pay attention to the type of boiler. The connection of a single-circuit and double-circuit unit will be different. The simplest piping does not include a pump. The design uses only shut-off valves and a filter. This is a financially economical approach, but it does not ensure uniform distribution of the coolant.
It’s easier to make the connection with polypropylene with your own hands. Pipes made from this material are inexpensive and easy to install. In addition, plaque and scale do not accumulate on their walls. You can assemble a circuit of any shape; the connections are made using an “American” fit. Paronite is used as gaskets.
Single-pipe (simple) circuit
The instructions are suitable for single-circuit boilers “”, “”, “” and other brands. The design provides for one pipe, which extends from the body along the floor level. The batteries are connected in series, which reduces the heating efficiency (especially since the combination does not turn on the pump).
Advantages of installation with natural circulation:
- Easy installation.
- Independence of heating from the availability of electricity (the pump requires a connection to the network to operate).
- Minimum costs for materials and equipment.
The picture below shows the connection already with the pump and forced circulation.
Two-pipe installation
How to tie a double-circuit boiler? It includes a supply line that goes up (riser) and turns at the ceiling. This is the main pipe, from which a fork diverges separately to each radiator. The outlet pipe is located at the floor line. Each battery is connected to it by a pipe. It is this organization that allows the coolant to be evenly distributed, which means that the room can be heated effectively.
IN one-story houses You can install a heating system with natural circulation. But in multi-storey buildings only the option with a pump is used. What you will need during installation:
- pump (usually included with the boiler);
- distribution valve;
- membrane tank;
- shut-off valves;
- filters;
- check valve;
- adapters, tee.
Who among us does not dream of a comfortable microclimate in the house? Probably everyone. This can only be achieved with proper adjustment of the heating system, where main role The cauldron is playing. And in order for such expensive equipment to generate heat uninterruptedly for many years, without overheating or breaking down, the boiler needs to be wired.
What is heating system piping
Piping is a set of equipment and pipes that provides radiators with a thermal carrier.
The piping includes everything that is located between the boiler and radiators
Simply put, the piping is needed in order to connect the boiler with heating devices (radiators) or with a boiler.
Many people, out of ignorance, do not attach importance to this part of the heating system and completely in vain. Correctly made harness:
- eliminates salts, sand and rust in pipes;
- prevents airing;
- does not allow exceeding the maximum permissible pressure in the system;
- replenishes excess thermal expansion;
- makes it possible to connect multiple circuits to the mode;
- automatically turns on (off) the boiler, allowing you to save fuel.
In other words, the piping ensures reliability, safety and high performance of the entire heating system, creating coziness and comfort in the house.
Piping diagrams for gas boilers: connecting a thermostat, shut-off valves and hydraulic elements
The general strapping scheme is quite simple. It does not depend on the type of fuel and is suitable for any type of boilers, including condensing and solid fuel. Includes the following components:
- boiler;
- Mayevsky valves for bleeding air from the system and radiators;
- tees, thermostats, angles and special quick-release nuts for connecting/disconnecting pipes (American);
- heat meter and expansion tank;
- Ball Valves to disconnect the boiler from the heating system;
- filters for water purification;
- safety (protective) valves - through and separating;
- thermometers, pressure gauges, clamps, hydraulic elements and circulation pump.
The choice of strapping method depends on:
- circulation mode: open or closed;
- network layout: one-pipe or two-pipe;
- the presence of additional circuits, warm floors;
- the order in which the carrier passes through the pipes.
The most popular is the piping of boiler equipment with forced circulation, because it is the most practical and convenient.
The most popular is the piping of boiler equipment with forced circulation, because it is the most practical and convenient
An electric pump is responsible for the movement of the coolant in this circuit, thanks to which hot water circulates in the system.
However, this scheme has its drawbacks - the presence large quantity pipes, shut-off and control valves and their considerable price, the need for balancing between all links, dependence on energy sources. This complicates the design and makes installation of the heating system more expensive.
Installation of a double-circuit boiler requires just such a piping scheme.
Piping a boiler with natural circulation is much simpler than a classic one; if necessary, you can install it yourself.
Piping a boiler with natural circulation is much simpler than the classic one; if necessary, you can install it yourself
In this scheme there is no pump, and the heat carrier is distributed according to the laws of physics - cold water, being more dense, pushes out hot water with a lower density.
This scheme (also called gravity) has a number of advantages - affordable cost of equipment, setup and maintenance, the possibility of installation and operational repair with your own hands. In addition, it does not require connection to electrical network, therefore, allows you to save on a backup power generator.
But, despite this, the gravity circuit has a serious drawback - it is suitable for piping only single-circuit boilers, and is applicable in small house or in the country, and pipes laid near the floor or ceiling spoil the interior.
Specifics of installation of piping for certain types of boilers
It all depends on the model and power of the boiler. When assembling, you should strictly follow the instructions and remember some rules:
You cannot use collective (shared) ventilation shafts for removing combustion products (this applies to apartment buildings). You can't adjust the traction in them. If there is excessive draft, acid dew settles on the walls of the pipes, which can sooner or later destroy the gas outlet, therefore, when installing it, it is recommended to use pipes made of roofing sheet. And if there is a lack of draft, combustion products can fill the room, which is very, very dangerous.
Floor-standing and wall-mounted boilers
These types of boilers differ only in the installation method; there is no fundamental difference in the piping arrangement for them. Wall view It is more advisable to install for heating a well-insulated room with an area of 80–350 m², connected to the main gas.
It is more advisable to install a wall-mounted type for heating a well-insulated room of a large area
With a smaller heated area, it is more rational to use electric convectors and storage water heaters.
In all other cases, it is better to purchase a floor-standing boiler.
With a smaller heated area, it is more rational to use electric convectors and storage water heaters
Single-circuit boilers
They have one heat exchanger and are intended for heating only. The piping is done using two pipes: for the supply and for the return line. Single-circuit boilers of the latest modifications can work in conjunction with indirect boiler and provide a home hot water. In this case, the simplest piping is through a three-way valve according to the principle of priority heating of water in the boiler.
This scheme complicates the strapping, but not too much, but its benefits are undoubted.
Connecting a single-circuit gas boiler with a free-standing boiler is complex, but extremely profitable
Double-circuit boilers
Designed for heating and hot water supply (hot water supply). But, as practice shows, a double-circuit boiler cannot provide a private house sufficient amount of hot water for consumption. Therefore, you have to use it in turn: either in the kitchen or in the bathroom. To increase the volume, an additional boiler can be connected to the system. But the presence of a boiler complicates the piping scheme.
The main distribution function in such a scheme falls on three-way valve, as for a single-circuit boiler. But the operating principle here is different: the coolant moves from the main source to the additional one and back. It is this scheme that allows the coolant to gain the most high temperature(in the return line it can reach 80 °C).
Multi-circuit heating systems equipped with hydraulic distributors
Multi-circuit heating systems are equipped with hydraulic distributors that compensate for pressure differences in the radiators and boiler and balance the coolant flows. In some cases, it is possible to install a system without hydraulics, while the pressure is regulated by balancing valves.
Piping a double-circuit boiler is more complicated than a single-circuit boiler and is more expensive, but such a heating system is much more efficient.
Additional energy sources for a private home: generators and uninterruptible power supplies
For any piping option, it is necessary to provide for an emergency heating mode in the event of a power outage. Be sure to connect the boiler, pumps and fans to a gasoline generator, which will power the equipment until the electricity comes back on. If gas supply interruptions occur in your area, it makes sense to include a parallel electric boiler in the system.
Assembly, installation and connection of gas boilers
Installation of a heating system begins with obtaining permits and approvals. It is necessary to order a detailed design for the installation of a boiler room and conclude a gas supply agreement (if it is a private house). And only after familiarizing yourself with the project, where the parameters of the necessary equipment are specified, can you begin to purchase, assemble, install and connect to networks.
Is it possible to install a boiler in a house or apartment?
Special requirements are imposed on the room where the mini-boiler room will be located, and it is not recommended to violate them by doing things on your own. This is not only fraught with heavy fines, but also life-threatening, because gas is an explosive substance and extreme care should be taken when handling it.
Video: example of setting up a simple heating system
Main criteria for choosing a room:
- ceiling height of at least 2.5 m;
- per 1 m³ of room volume there should be 0.03 m² of window surface;
- the strength of the walls;
- the presence of a ventilation duct in one of them;
- free access to the boiler;
- daylight.
Installation of small-power boilers is allowed in any non-residential premises. Many people place them in the kitchen. If there is at least 0.2 m² of space per 1 kW of gas boiler power, then it is quite possible to obtain permission. When the kitchen is combined with the living room, then an indispensable condition is the presence of a gas analyzer for timely detection of possible gas leaks.
Small single-circuit boilers can be installed in the kitchen. Moreover, they even decorate the interior
Double-circuit boilers It is prohibited to install in kitchens.
The location of the equipment also depends on the power of the equipment. With a total power of up to 150 kW, it is possible to equip a boiler room on any floor; above that, only on the first or basement floor.
Two boilers in one system: parallel and series connection
Today, there is increasingly a need to install several heating devices in big country house or cottage. And these could be different boilers, for example, solid fuel and gas.
Two boilers in one system can be connected according to different schemes:
If certain conditions are met (coordination with supervisory authorities and obtaining the necessary permits), it is quite possible to implement one of these systems. At the same time, comfort is achieved (due to a gas boiler) and savings (due to low-cost solid fuel).
Concerning autonomous heating in apartments multi-storey buildings, That fundamental differences There is no installation and connection procedure, there are only a few features related to the choice of equipment:
- in a private house it is permissible to install all types of boilers, but not in an apartment;
- in a private house you can use a single-circuit boiler together with others additional devices without any restrictions, and in an apartment - only if a separate room is equipped and the area allows;
- to install a heating system in a private house, only permission from the gas workers is required (when installing a gas boiler), but the owner of the apartment, in the absence necessary conditions they may refuse.
The gas boiler connection diagram is divided into 6 stages:
- Installation of the boiler itself. For a wall-mounted boiler, you must mark the wall using the supplied template and secure the mounting bracket with fasteners capable of supporting the full weight of the structure. Floor standing boilers installed on a pre-prepared, level base covered with a sheet of fireproof material.
For a wall-mounted boiler, you need to mark the wall according to the supplied template and secure the installation bracket using fasteners
- Proper organization of the chimney. This issue will be discussed in detail a little later.
- Connecting the boiler to the cold and hot water supply system. The forward and return pipes are connected through American couplings. A shut-off valve is installed in front of the American boiler, with which the boiler can be disconnected from the system for repairs or periodic maintenance.
The forward and return pipes are connected through American couplings
- Electrical connection. What is important here is the presence of high-quality electrical wiring and the installation of an RCD (residual current device in the event of a short circuit or energy overload). In areas with periodic rolling blackouts, it is advisable to install voltage regulators or autonomous systems uninterruptible power supply(gasoline generators). The boiler must be grounded.
The boiler is connected via an RCD to protect against electric shock
- Gas connection to the boiler. Connection is made only through steel pipe. Before entering the boiler it is installed ball valve, a filter that traps mechanical debris, a gas consumption meter and automatic safety sensors. All work must be carried out by qualified specialists and then presented to the gas service.
A gas consumption meter must be installed in front of the boiler.
- Connecting the thermostat.
A thermostat is required to maintain desired temperature in room
Where is the best place to install a room thermostat?
A thermostat (sometimes called a programmer) is an automatic room device that regulates the operation of boiler equipment according to specified parameters. It reacts to the air temperature and gives the boiler a command to reduce or increase power. It is recommended to install the thermostat in residential areas away from heat sources, direct sunlight and drafts. It's best to place it in the coldest or most frequently used room in the house.
Features of installing the boiler in unheated rooms or outdoors
In small cottages, it is sometimes advisable to install a gas boiler, for example, in the attic or even outside the house. First of all, this is done to save space in residential premises. But with such arrangement of the heating system, the warranty does not apply to the purchased boiler. Humidity, wind, cold and other factors will negatively affect the operating life of the equipment.
The situation can be corrected by installing a protective cabinet, which must comply with the standards (the distance between the boiler and the cabinet walls is at least 15 cm) and be spacious enough so as not to interfere with the use of the boiler and its maintenance.
Video: how to independently connect a heating system for a cottage
Electrical grounding: two connection options
This is an integral part of the heating system. Without grounding service departments will not issue permission to put the system into operation.
Grounding is necessary not only to extend the life of gas equipment, but also for the safety of the residents of the house.
Grounding can be done manually in two ways:
- install the finished kit on a small one (0.5 m x 0.5 m) plot of land in the courtyard of the house or in the basement. This kit already contains all the necessary components, so you won’t have to spend a lot of time;
- make all the parts yourself. If you have a welding machine and a steel corner at hand, you can make a triangular structure and dig it into the ground to a depth of at least 1 meter.
The working process:
- Markings are made - an isosceles triangle with a side of 2 m is drawn at a distance of approximately 1 m from the house.
- A trench 50 cm deep and 40 cm wide is dug along the lines of this triangle. Then it is connected to the house through a trench of the same size.
- Deep holes are drilled into which grounding conductors are inserted. The distance between them and the bottom of the trench should be within 15 cm.
- All grounding electrodes are connected to each other in series using horizontal metal strips measuring 40x4 mm, which also play the role of grounding electrodes. The same metal strip is placed in the trench leading to the house and welded to the base using a metal rod.
All grounding electrodes are connected to each other in series using horizontal metal strips
If houses are located close to each other, then linear grounding can be done. The sequence is the same, only the trench should run along the entire perimeter of the house. Grounding conductors are dug in every 2 m.
Grounding conductors are dug in every 2 m
The check is carried out with a special tool. At the same time, regulatory authorities pay attention to the soil in which the ground electrodes are located. Therefore, before starting work, it will not be superfluous to find out by what standards the finished structure will be assessed.
Does a gas boiler need a chimney?
A gas boiler definitely needs a chimney. You can build it yourself. Need to choose suitable design, familiarize yourself with the basic requirements and carry out all stages of work strictly according to the instructions.
Special requirements apply to materials. They are regulated in clause 6.2.7 of SNiP - chimney pipes must withstand mechanical loads, temperature fluctuations and not be subject to corrosion. These can be asbestos-cement, ceramic, plastic or metal pipes. The best option- stainless steel pipes as the cheapest and easiest to install.
In addition to pipes for arranging a chimney for a gas boiler, you will need:
- outlet pipe;
- adapter for connecting the boiler to the outlet pipe;
- inspection hatch (pocket) for cleaning the chimney;
- conical tip to protect the chimney from precipitation, snow, leaves and debris, tees and elbows, braces, mounting brackets and clamps.
Chimneys can be internal or external.
When settling in internal chimney a conical tip is required to protect against precipitation
For their production they are used different materials, but the following requirements remain unchanged:
Step-by-step diagram of connecting the boiler to the chimney
There is no fundamental difference between internal and external chimneys. In any case, the connection begins with connecting the adapter to the branch pipe (sometimes immediately the outlet pipe). Then:
- The outlet pipe is connected. It is prohibited to use corrugated pipe.
- A tee is installed on the outlet pipe. This determines the beginning of the chimney (vertical part). Another tee with a fitting for draining condensate and a plug for inspection is installed from below.
- Holes are made in the appropriate places in the ceilings, after which vertical pipes are built up.
- A ceiling-passage block is installed (a box made of roofing iron and filled with insulation).
- Next, the roof is passed through and insulated, the pipe is brought to the height required for optimal traction.
The connection begins by connecting the adapter to the branch pipe (sometimes immediately the outlet pipe)
An external (wall) chimney is safer and easier to assemble and install. Sandwich pipes are used for its arrangement. They are assembled on the ground and then secured to the building with clamps, brackets and braces (to provide greater stability). The height is calculated according to the standards, taking into account the distance from the roof ridge.
external (wall) chimney is safer and easier to assemble and install
Detailed consideration of the main aspects of installation gas heating shows that it is possible to make such a system with my own hands is quite real. We hope that the information presented will help you choose the right equipment, as well as install and launch it in accordance with the requirements of inspection organizations.
To correctly install a gas unit, you should study the wiring diagrams of a floor-standing gas boiler. Depending on the characteristics of the heating device: number of circuits, availability of electricity connection, installation additional systems, - schemes may differ.
Let's consider what elements the piping of a floor-standing gas heating boiler may include.
Expansion tank
A membrane expansion tank is necessary to compensate for the increased volume of water or antifreeze when they are heated. This element is divided by a membrane into two parts, one of them is filled with air or nitrogen. As the volume of coolant increases, the gas is compressed, so the pressure in the heat exchanger does not increase significantly.
Note! The volume of the expansion tank must be at least 10% of the amount of coolant.Safety valve
The purpose of the safety valve is to relieve excess coolant when there is a large increase in pressure in the circuit in order to prevent rupture of heating system pipes. Excess liquid discharged through a drainage pipe into the sewer system. If the valve trips frequently, this indicates that the expansion valve is undersized. membrane tank.
Pressure gauge
A pressure gauge is needed to control operating pressure in the circuit. Sometimes a thermomanometer is used instead, which measures not only pressure, but also temperature. The scale of such a device should reach at least 4 atmospheres.
Air vent
The air vent is designed to be discharged into environment air masses that remain after draining the coolant. The remaining air creates noise and acts as an obstacle to the normal circulation of the coolant.
Circulation pump
The pump circulates the coolant forcibly. Its power can be changed, thereby regulating the speed of fluid flow in the heat exchanger.
Indirect heating boiler
A boiler is necessary to provide hot water in the required volume. It is a heat-insulating tank in which heated water is stored.
Hydroarrow
A hydraulic arrow is a container with pipes to which you can connect several circuits that combine supply and return. This element allows you to connect pipes in which the liquid has different speeds circulation and temperature.
Coarse filter
This element is a reservoir with a filter mesh to purify water from large debris. The filter protects the heat exchanger tube from clogging.
Pipes
Many people are interested in the question of what pipes can be used for piping a floor-standing gas boiler. The temperature in the circuit usually does not exceed 80°C, and in the underfloor heating system it does not exceed 35°C. The pressure is at the level of 1-2.5 kgf/cm2. When the pump is stopped, boiling of the coolant is prevented, since after a few seconds the burner stops working and the flame goes out. Based on the existing operating conditions, polymer and metal-polymer pipes, the cost of which is much lower than durable copper or galvanized analogues, are quite suitable for piping a floor-standing gas heating boiler.
Recommendations for piping a floor-standing boiler
A floor-standing boiler must not be placed at the highest point of the heating system. Otherwise, failure to comply with this condition will lead to the accumulation of air masses in the pipes, which will negatively affect the quality of heating. The supply pipe without an air exhaust device leaving the boiler must be located vertically.
Serial wiring of radiators and connection gas unit communications are made using metal-plastic on press fittings or polypropylene with aluminum reinforcement. However, fittings are sensitive to the quality of installation and when the seals become loose, they quickly begin to leak. Polypropylene pipes are more reliable and have many advantages:
- allow you to create a system of any complexity;
- are not afraid of exposure to high temperatures;
- have long term services;
- Diameter-reducing plaque does not settle on the pipe walls;
- withstand high pressure.
The piping of a floor-standing gas boiler with polypropylene is done by soldering, which makes it possible to make the system monolithic.
Note! Creating a heating system with many bends is not advisable, as this reduces the efficiency of the unit and complicates installation. The number of connections should also be kept to a minimum.Features of gas pipe piping
According to construction requirements, the connection of the gas main with the boiler must be rigid and ensured using a metal pipe and joining through metal clamp or "American". For tightness, it is allowed to use only a paronite gasket. The use of rubber or tow is prohibited.
Wiring diagrams for floor-standing gas boilers
Depending on the design of the unit, as well as the additional systems connected, the wiring diagrams for gas boilers may differ. Let's take a closer look at the most common options.
Piping a single-circuit volatile boiler
Energy-dependent floor gas boilers with forced circulation of coolant are usually equipped with all necessary details: expansion tank, circulation pump, pressure gauge, etc. This system is the most flexible in management. You can program a separate temperature for each room, and the automation will maintain this mode constantly.
It is worth considering that a volatile system cannot operate without electricity. In addition, to extend its service life it will be necessary to purchase a voltage stabilizer.
The piping of a single-circuit floor-standing gas boiler includes the following connections:
- gas main;
- supply to the heating system;
- return from radiators.
Piping a single-circuit energy-independent boiler
Floor-standing gas boilers, independent of electricity, do not have a circulation pump, and the coolant in such a system moves only according to the laws of physics. In this case, piping a floor-standing gas boiler with your own hands is easier, however, for such a system to work effectively, many nuances should be taken into account:
- the boiler must be located as low as possible - in a pit or basement;
- It is useful to build a discharge into the sewer in front of the heat exchanger of the unit - this will be needed during a long departure;
- any metal or plastic container connected to the bottling can be used as an open expansion tank;
- The tank should be installed in top point heating system;
- inner diameter pipes should not be less than 32 mm.
When installing pipes, they should be installed with a slight slope towards the vertical to ensure free circulation of the coolant. The height difference between the heat exchanger of the unit and the heating radiators provides hydraulic pressure, forcing the coolant to move.
If desired, such a system can be equipped with a pump, and it does not require connection to the electrical network. It is cut in parallel to the bottling system, and a ball valve is mounted between the cut-ins.
Single-circuit unit with DHW supply
The piping of a single-circuit gas boiler capable of producing hot water additionally includes an indirect heating boiler. The water in it is heated from the coolant of the main circuit. It turns out that it passes through two circuits: the large one - through the heating system, and the small one - through the boiler. Each of the two circuits is equipped with shut-off valves, which makes it possible to turn off each of them independently of the other.
The indirect heating boiler is connected to a small circulation circuit through a three-way valve. Immediately after it, a tap is installed between the supply and return. This allows you to summer period When there is no need for heating, use warm water.
Piping diagram for a floor-standing double-circuit boiler
The double-circuit floor-standing gas boiler is equipped with two heat exchangers: the main one for heating, the second one for providing hot water. Both of them are flow-through. The hot water supply circuit begins to heat only when the tap is turned on, so overheating and an increase in pressure in it are excluded - an expansion tank is not needed in this case.
In addition to the piping connections for a single-circuit heating system, the scheme of a double-circuit boiler provides for connecting a cold water supply to the inlet pipe of the DHW heat exchanger, and to the outlet pipe - a pipe distributing hot water through mixers.
It is recommended to install a coarse filter on the cold water supply pipeline to the DHW circuit, as well as install ball valves at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger.
Piping a floor-standing gas boiler with heated floors
If you plan to connect to gas system heating underfloor heating, it should be taken into account that in heating radiators the coolant heats up to 80ºC, and in a “warm floor” system - up to 35ºC. Therefore, they cannot be connected directly. Here, a piping scheme for a floor-standing gas boiler with a hydrocollector, which will equalize pressure and temperature, is suitable.
Note! The piping schemes for gas boilers with a power of 50 kW or more using several circuits include hydraulic equalizers.The finished hydrocollector is connected to the boiler, and then the heating system and “warm floors” are connected to the pipes of the first one. The return from the heating radiators is stabilized in a hydrocollector and, already prepared, is supplied for heating the floors.
Heating boiler piping is a set of equipment necessary to connect a heat generator to a water heating and hot water supply system. If necessary, additional circuits can be added: heating water in the pool, heating air in supply and exhaust ventilation etc.
What's included in the harness
In addition to the heat generator itself, the harness must include:
- Shut-off valves - taps allow you to shut off the supply and return lines, disconnecting equipment for repair and service work from the coolant line.
- The expansion tank, open or closed (depending on the type of system), compensates for the thermal expansion of the coolant.
- Safety group - if the pressure in the system exceeds a more critical level (usually due to overheating), it bleeds off the volume of coolant necessary to normalize the pressure.
- Supply and return flow pipelines supplying coolant to the heat generator and connecting the piping to the circuits.
- A make-up tap is needed to replenish the system with coolant. Although, in the open version it may not be there: instead of the evaporated volume, liquid can be added through an expansion tank located at the top point, often in the attic.
- Air vents for bleeding air from the system.
In addition to the above, the heating boiler piping may include: a circulation pump, hydraulic arrows, heat exchangers, and control devices. Connecting the heat generator to the hot water supply is also considered a piping element; it is determined by the type of boiler and the presence of a boiler.
Note: many gas and electric heat generators already equipped additional equipment, built-in pumps, boiler, security group.
What does the strapping scheme not depend on?
First, let's say what the heating boiler piping scheme does not depend on. On the hydraulic part, the type of fuel or energy that the heat generator uses does not matter. The wiring diagrams for gas, electric and solid fuel heating boilers are no different. At the coolant inlet/outlet there is not much difference whether pellets serve as an energy source, gas or diesel fuel. In complex systems, specialists take into account the type of heat generator when choosing a rational piping scheme, but this difference is insignificant. Also, apart from the configuration, the piping of the floor and wall-mounted boiler heating. But single-circuit and double-circuit boilers have different piping in terms of connection to the hot water supply system.
What does the wiring diagram depend on?
Mainly, the piping scheme of the heating boiler and the composition of the equipment are determined by the structure of the system as a whole: is it open or closed, the presence of a water heater, heated floors, additional circuits, etc. The functionality and design of the system as a whole dictate the wiring diagram of the heat generator in particular.
Depending on the overall complexity of the system and its operating mode, the connection (hydraulic isolation) of the boiler to the heating circuit can be carried out in several ways:
Connect directly
Direct connection is suitable for simple systems without underfloor heating. The main pipeline of the circuit through which the coolant circulates passes directly through the heat generator. Intermediate devices not provided. Strapping made according to a direct scheme is simple and inexpensive. In the case when the boiler is equipped necessary equipment(pump, expansion tank, safety group), the piping can only consist of pipelines connecting the heat generator to the system, shut-off valves and make-up tap.
Direct connection is used in private houses and apartments with radiator heating
Connection via hydraulic separator
In those systems where there are heating circuits with different heating temperatures (in a heated floor circuit it is 30-50 ºC lower than in radiators), direct connection can cause inconsistency in the operation of individual subsystems due to their mutual influence. As a result, temperature regime in different circuits and rooms will not be stable enough. To avoid this, the heat generator is connected to the system through a thermal hydraulic separator (hydraulic arrow).
In the diagram, the heating circuit is conventionally shown as a single one, in practice there can be quite a lot of them
Scheme regarding complex system in a private residential building, the gas heating boiler piping is connected through a thermohydraulic switch to three heating circuits, which, in turn, separate the flows among the devices thanks to distribution manifolds
To put it simply, a hydraulic arrow is a pipe large diameter with pipes connected to it both from the boiler supply/return line and from all heating circuits. The separator is designed to provide complete hydraulic isolation and optimal operation of the subsystems.
The hydraulic arrow combines the feeders and reverse flows, allowing the coolant in the piping and heating circuits to partially close if necessary, without interrupting the heat exchange
A hydraulic separator can be useful not only in multi-circuit systems. The piping of a solid fuel heating boiler, connected through an arrow, even with one circuit, partially compensates for the uneven heat generation of a wood-burning boiler.
Connection via heat exchanger
It is possible to connect a heat generator via an additional heat exchanger. The coolant in the heat generator and heating circuits is completely separated and circulates autonomously along its own closed circuits without mixing. Energy transfer occurs indirectly. Such a connection is quite rare, but is indispensable in cases where the boiler and heating circuits use a coolant with different freezing temperatures, or one of the circuits is open and the other closed. Not the entire system can be connected through a heat exchanger, but only part of it, for example, heating a greenhouse.
When connected via a heat exchanger, the heat generator and heating circuits must have their own expansion tanks, safety groups, make-up taps, and, if necessary, pumps
It is better to tie a fireplace or fireplace stove with a “water jacket” in an open circuit. When integrated as additional heating to modern closed system connection is made through a heat exchanger.
Connection diagram of a fireplace with a “water jacket” (1) through a heat exchanger (24) to a heating system with its own boiler (15). Thermal and hydraulic decoupling of both heat generators from the heating circuits is carried out through a hydraulic arrow (9)
Connecting hot water supply (DHW)
- Double-circuit boilers, the second circuit of which is intended for domestic hot water needs, according to hot water can be connected by any of the methods listed above; in most cases, the most rational is direct.
- Single-circuit, integrated with storage water heater indirect heating, allow you to obtain more comfortable and economical hot water supply. If there are more than two or three water points in the house, the water temperature in all mixers will be the same and stable, there is no danger of overheating.
Connection diagram storage boiler to a single-circuit boiler is a connection option via a heat exchanger
For those of our readers who are thinking about installing a boiler room themselves, we advise you to be wary of numerous articles on the Internet on the topic “how to tie a heating boiler”, “tying a heating boiler with polypropylene” and the like. As for polypropylene, it should be used sparingly in the boiler room. If the heat generator does not operate in low-temperature mode, the first meter to one and a half meters of supply pipelines from the heat generator are best made of copper or galvanized steel pipes. It is more expensive, but metal is more stable with respect to thermal expansion than plastic. Is it possible to piping the boiler yourself? If you have some technical skills in a direct connection diagram, yes, but without work experience you will have to work hard on sealing the connections. It is better not to undertake complex piping through a thermal hydraulic separator in multi-circuit systems without special knowledge; correcting errors will be too expensive. Entrust this work to professionals.
Video: home heating systems - wiring diagrams
The piping of a single-circuit gas heating boiler depends on the number of connected devices. The simplest scheme includes the boiler itself and the radiator system. If desired, you can add an indirect heating boiler, a “warm floor” system, heated towels, etc.
The piping of a single-circuit unit may include:
- a gas boiler;
- radiator system;
- safety valve;
- expansion tank;
- air vent;
- circulation pump;
- indirect heating boiler;
- hydraulic arrow;
- coarse filters.
Safety valve necessary to relieve excess coolant in the event of an increase in pressure in the circuit. Otherwise, it may lead to pipe rupture. Excess water is removed through drainage pipe into the sewer.
Most gas units have their own expansion tank– it is necessary to compensate for the increased volume of water or antifreeze in the heating circuit. The volume of the membrane tank should not be less than 10% of the amount of coolant. If the heating system is too large and the built-in expansion tank is not enough, then purchase another one and include it in the piping.
Air vent serves to prevent the appearance in the circuit air jams that may remain after draining the coolant.
Indirect heating boiler it is installed so that a single-circuit gas boiler plays the role of a double-circuit one and can produce hot water in addition to heating.
Circulation pump they are included in the piping if the existing analogue in the gas boiler does not provide sufficient coolant pressure in the system. The power consumption of the pumps ranges from 50 to 200 W - it can be changed if necessary.
Hydroarrow is a tube with pipes for connecting several circuits. This piping element allows you to connect circuits with different pressures and coolant temperatures into one system.
Coarse filter placed on the water supply pipe to the gas boiler. It protects the heat exchanger of the unit from debris and dirt from the heating system, which can damage it.
As for the location of all decoupling elements, the safety valve and air vent are usually combined into one safety group. It is placed at the coolant outlet from the boiler, where the pressure and temperature are maximum. The pump is installed in front of the unit in a place where the coolant temperature is minimal. The expansion tank can be installed at any point in the circuit at some distance from the pump.
What pipes are suitable for piping?
To connect the boiler and heating wiring, it is better to take metal-plastic or polypropylene pipes. They will cost less than galvanized or copper counterparts.
Serial wiring of radiators is carried out using metal-plastic pipes on press fittings or polypropylene with aluminum reinforcement. However, each of these options has its own drawback. Press fittings are sensitive to the quality of installation and leakage may occur at the slightest displacement. Polypropylene has a high elongation coefficient when heated to more than 50°C. For wiring the “warm floor” system, metal-plastic with press fittings, polyethylene or thermally modified polyethylene are used.
Note! It is advisable to install ball valves at the inlet and outlet. This will allow you to remove the heat exchanger or gas boiler without draining the coolant.Piping diagrams for a single-circuit gas boiler
The wiring diagrams for a single-circuit gas heating boiler are as follows:
- piping a single-circuit unit with natural coolant circulation;
- piping of a single-circuit heating boiler with forced circulation;
- connecting a gas heating device with an indirect heating boiler.
Any single-circuit boiler has three pipes to which they connect:
- supply of heated coolant from the unit to the radiators;
- gas main;
- return of cooled liquid from radiators to the gas boiler.
The piping diagrams for a wall-mounted single-circuit gas boiler are identical to those for the same floor-standing unit.
Piping a single-circuit boiler with natural coolant circulation
The system of a single-circuit gas boiler with natural circulation of coolant is completely energy independent. The safety group is represented only by the expansion tank. It is recommended to install a vent in front of the heat exchanger to be able to completely drain the water. Any plastic or metal container with sufficient tightness can be used as a membrane tank.
To ensure the natural movement of coolant through a non-volatile system, an expansion tank should be installed at the top point of the circuit, and a gas boiler at the bottom. The bottling is installed with a constant slope so that the coolant can rise to the expansion tank and then go down to heating unit. The height difference between the radiator elements and the heat exchanger creates hydraulic pressure.
Note! To ensure the required coolant pressure in a gravity heating system, the internal diameter of the pipes must be at least 32 mm.If desired, a pump can be included in the piping of a non-volatile system, which will accelerate the coolant when electricity is available. It is connected parallel to the main system and is cut off with a ball valve or check valve. When the pump is turned off, the valve or tap is closed, after which the coolant continues to circulate naturally.
Piping of a gas unit with forced circulation
The most popular is the piping of a single-circuit gas boiler with forced circulation of coolant. It is the simplest and most convenient to use. This scheme includes a circulation pump, which ensures the movement of coolant through the system under pressure. However, the pump can only operate on electricity, otherwise the system will not be able to function.
Piping a single-circuit boiler with a boiler
In order for a single-circuit gas boiler to produce domestic hot water, it must be connected to an indirect heating boiler. It contains its own heat exchanger, which acts as a secondary circuit. The coolant that comes from the gas boiler circulates through it.
The boiler is connected to the supply and return pipes of the gas boiler parallel to the heating system. TO storage capacity also carry out water pipes, through one of them cold water enters the boiler, and through the second hot water comes out.
Why is it so important to piping the boiler according to all the rules?
Many owners who decide to piping a gas boiler with their own hands underestimate the importance of the rules for its implementation. But a properly made harness can:
- prevent airing;
- get rid of sand, salts and rust;
- do not allow the maximum permissible pressure in the system to be exceeded;
- compensate for excess thermal expansion;
- make it possible to connect several circuits.
Correctly executed piping ensures reliability, good performance and safety of the entire system.
Recommendations for piping a single-circuit gas boiler
To avoid mistakes when piping a single-circuit gas boiler, you should follow certain recommendations:
- When piping a new gas boiler and an old system, you should thoroughly flush the pipes and radiators so that accumulated deposits do not reduce the heating efficiency.
- Filters are usually placed on a horizontal section of pipe in front of the unit. You need to place them so that the drawn arrow coincides with the direction of movement of the coolant. The sump should be located at the bottom so that dirt does not clog the filter itself.
- Connections between pipes and branch pipes should be made using American couplings.
- Shut-off valves and a check valve must be installed in front of the supply pipe entering the boiler, and a circulation pump must be mounted on the return line.
- The main gas supply should be made rigid or flexible metal pipe. To seal the connection, use only a paronite gasket.
Connecting several boilers to one system
In regions where there is an unstable supply of gas or electricity, they resort to installing two boilers, for example, solid fuel and gas. Two units can operate according to different schemes:
- Serial connection - a thermal accumulator is installed between the units, into which heated coolant is supplied from the solid fuel boiler. It is then sent to the system with gas device, and then distributed to consumers.
- Parallel connection - in this case, the operation of the solid fuel unit is controlled by safety sensors. A three-way valve is also installed, with which you can turn off any of the units.
Multi-circuit heating systems are equipped with hydraulic distributors that compensate for pressure differences and balance coolant flows. Sometimes it is possible to organize a system without hydraulics, then the pressure is regulated by balancing valves.
