Basic rules for dimensioning a drawing

According to the images of the object in the drawing, its size and its size are judged. separate parts. The basis for this is the dimensional numbers, regardless of the scale and accuracy of the images. The rules for applying dimensions to the drawings are established by GOST 2.307-68.

Dimensions in the drawing are indicated by dimensional numbers, dimension and extension lines. Dimensional numbers in the drawings, as a rule, are indicated in millimeters without indicating units of measurement. In those cases where it is necessary to use other units of length, they are shown after the size number.

Dimensional numbers are applied above the dimension line, possibly closer to its middle. The gap between the dimension number and the dimension line should be about 1.0 mm. The height of the digits of dimensional numbers is taken at least 3.5 mm (Fig. 7).

Rice. 7 Height of digits of dimensional numbers

The dimension line is drawn parallel to the segment, the size of which is applied above it. It is carried out between extension lines drawn perpendicular to the dimensional ones. It is allowed to draw dimension lines directly to the lines of the visible contour, axial and center. In some cases, the dimension line may not be drawn perpendicular to the extension line (Fig. 8). Dimension lines limit the arrows (Fig. 9). In some cases, they are carried out not completely, but with a broken arrow on one side (Fig. 10). The size of the arrow is chosen from the thickness of the solid thick main line adopted in the drawing. Within the same drawing, the size of the arrows should be the same if possible. It is not recommended to use contour, axial, center and extension lines as dimension lines.

Rice. 8 In some cases, the dimension line may not be drawn perpendicular to the extension

Rice. 9 Dimension lines limit the arrows

Rice. 10 Broken arrow on one side

If the length of the dimension line is small to accommodate the arrows, then the dimension line is continued beyond the extension lines, and the dimensions are applied, as shown in Fig. eleven.

Rice. 11 The dimension line continues beyond the extension lines

Extension lines are drawn from the boundaries of measurements, they are auxiliary and serve to place dimension lines between them. Extension lines should, if possible, be located outside the image outline, perpendicular to a straight line segment, the size of which must be specified. The extension lines should extend beyond the ends of the arrows of the dimension lines by 1 ... 5 mm (Fig. 12).

Rice. 12 Extension lines should extend beyond the ends of the arrows of the dimension lines by 1 ... 5 mm

The minimum distance from the dimension line to a line parallel to it should be 10 mm, and between parallel dimension lines - 7 mm.

Angular dimensions in the drawings are given in degrees, minutes and seconds, indicating the units of measurement. The size of the angle is applied above the dimension line, which is drawn in the form of an arc centered at its vertex. Extension lines in this case are drawn radially (Fig. 13).

Rice. 13 The size of the corner is applied above the dimension line

At various slopes dimension lines dimension numbers of linear dimensions are arranged as shown in fig. 14, a, and the angular dimensions - as shown in Fig. 14b. If the dimension line is located in the zone that is shaded in the drawing, the dimension numbers are applied on the shelves of the leader lines (Fig. 15).

Rice. 14 Different slopes of dimension lines

Rice. 15 Dimensional numbers on the shelves of leader lines

If there is not enough space above the dimension line to write the dimension number, or this place is occupied by other elements of the image and it is impossible to enter the dimension number into it, the dimension number is applied according to one of the options shown in Fig. 16.

Rice. 16 If there is not enough space to write the dimension number

In order to simplify a number of images, to create convenience for reading the drawing, the standard provides for the use of symbols in the form of letters of the Latin alphabet and graphic characters that are placed in front of the dimensional numbers. In the drawings, signs and letters are used to indicate the diameter and radius, the length of the arc and square, the slope and taper, the sphere, the thickness and length of the part.

Before the dimension number of the diameter, the sign 0 is applied (Fig. 17). Moreover, there are no gaps between the sign and the number. For circles of small diameter, the dimension lines of the arrows and the dimension itself are applied according to one of the options shown in Fig. eighteen.

Rice. 17 Before the dimension number of the diameter, the sign f is applied

Rice. 18 Dimension lines arrows for circles of small diameter

Before the dimensional number of the radius of the arc, a sign in the form of an uppercase Latin letter is always put R. In this case, the dimension line is drawn towards the center of the arc and limited to only one arrow resting on the arc or its continuation (Fig. 19). If the radius value in the drawing is less than 6 mm, it is recommended to place the arrow with outside arcs. If it is necessary to set the position of the center of the arc, it is marked by the intersection of center or extension lines (Fig. 20). In cases where the drawing shows an arc of large radius, for which the center may not be indicated, the dimension line is cut off without leading to the center (Fig. 21). If in this case the center needs to be noted, it is allowed to bring it closer to the arc (Fig. 22). The dimension line in this case is shown with a 90° break, and both sections of the dimension line are drawn in parallel. Dimension lines should not be placed on one straight line, coming out of the same center and intended to indicate dimension arcs. It is recommended to designate arcs up to 180° with radii; arcs greater than 180° are indicated by the diameter.

Rice. 19 Dimensional number of arc radius

Rice. 20 The positions of the center of the arc are marked by the intersection of center or extension lines

Rice. 21 The dimension line is cut off without bringing it to the center

Rice. 22 It is allowed to bring the center closer to the arc

The sign of the arc is applied above the dimension number (Fig. 23). The length of the arc is given in linear units, and the dimensional number indicating the arc is applied above the dimension line in accordance with the usual requirements.

Rice. 23 The sign of the arc is applied above the dimension number

To set the dimensions of the square, the corresponding sign D is used, the height of which is 7/10 of the height of the dimension number (Fig. 24, a). With a different arrangement of the square, the dimensions of its sides are applied (Fig. 24, b). It should be noted that the square sign is applied only on the image on which it is projected into a line.

Rice. 24 For setting the dimensions of the square, use the appropriate sign D

The sign of the conicity of the surface is applied on the shelf of the leader line, located parallel to the axis of the cone or on the axis of the cone (Fig. 25, a). The taper sign is positioned so that its acute angle is directed towards the top of the cone. The value of the taper is determined by the ratio of the difference between the diameters of the two cross sections of the cone to the distance between these sections, i.e. k= D- dll, where D- diameter of large section; d- diameter of the smaller section; l- distance between sections. The taper is indicated as a simple fractional number (Fig. 25, b).

Rice. 25 Taper is indicated as a simple fractional number

The sign of the slope of the straight line is indicated on the shelf of the leader line. slope i represents the tangent of the angle between a given line and a horizontal or vertical line (Fig. 26, a). The sign is positioned like this

Rice. 26 The slope sign of the straight line is indicated on the shelf of the leader line

so that its acute angle is directed towards the slope of the straight line (Fig. 26, b). The slope, like the taper, is given in the drawing as a simple fraction, as a percentage or in ppm.

To designate a sphere in a drawing, a sign of diameter or radius is used. In cases where, according to the drawing, it is difficult to distinguish a sphere from other surfaces, it is allowed to add the word "Sphere" before the sign of the radius or diameter. The inscription on the drawing is made according to the type "Sphere diameter 17" or "Sphere R 10" (Fig. 27).

Rice. 27 Designation of the sphere in the drawing

Simple flat parts are shown as a single projection. In these cases, its thickness is indicated by a lowercase letter s and the inscription on the drawing is performed according to the type s2 and is located on the shelf of the leader line (Fig. 28, a). The length of the object is indicated by the letter / (Fig. 28, b).

Rice. 28 Simple flat parts are shown as a single projection

Chamfers in the drawings are applied in two linear dimensions (Fig. 29, a) or one linear and one angular (Fig. 29, b). In the event that the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the cone is 45 °, a simplified designation of the chamfer is used when the dimension line is drawn parallel to the axis of the cone, and the inscription is made according to the type “2 x 45” (Fig. 29, c).

Rice. 29 Chamfers in the drawings are applied with two linear dimensions or one linear and one angular

The basis for determining the size of the depicted product and its elements are the dimensional numbers printed on the drawing. The exception is cases when the size of products or its elements is determined from images made with the appropriate accuracy (0.1 ... 0.2 mm - boards, plazas).

Rules for applying dimensional numbers on drawings and others technical documents GOST 2.307-68* (ST SEV 1976-79, ST SEV 2180-80) are established for products of all branches of industry and construction. This is a very important standard. An omission or error in at least one of the dimensions makes the drawing unusable, since it is not allowed to determine the missing or erroneous dimensions by measuring the corresponding places on the drawing. Therefore, dimensioning is one of the most critical stages in the manufacture of a drawing. In this operation, it is customary to distinguish between: sizing - what dimensions and with what accuracy must be specified in the drawing so that the product depicted on it can be manufactured (the drawing must be metrically defined), and sizing, how they should be placed on the drawing. Dimensioning depends on many factors - structural, strength, technological, etc. When performing the first educational drawings, the student needs to know the rule for applying dimensions from the assignment drawing to the drawing being performed. There are working (executive) sizes, each of which is used in the manufacture of the product and its acceptance (control) , and reference, indicated only for greater ease of use of the drawing. Their use for any measurements during the manufacturing process of the product is not allowed. Reference dimensions are marked with a “*” sign, and in the technical requirements located above the main inscription, they write: “* Size (s) for reference (wok)”. Reference dimensions, in particular, include: a) one of the dimensions of a closed dimensional chain (Fig. 2.25); b) the dimensions of parts (elements) from long, shaped, sheet and other rolled products, if they are fully determined by the material designation given in column 3 of the main inscription (Fig. 2.26); c) one of the dimensions associated with a certain functional dependence (Fig. 2.27). It is not allowed to repeat the dimensions of the same element in the images, in the technical requirements, the main inscription and the specification. If in the technical requirements it is necessary to refer to the size printed on the image, then this size or the corresponding element is indicated by a letter, and a record is placed in the technical requirements , similar to that shown in Fig. 2.28.

Linear dimensions and their maximum deviations in the drawings are indicated in millimeters, without a unit designation, angular - in degrees, minutes and seconds, for example: 4 °; 0°30"; 2°15"24".

For sizes and limit deviations, given in the technical requirements and in the inscriptions on the drawing field, the units are indicated. The dimensions in the drawings are indicated by dimensional numbers and dimension lines, limited at one or both ends by arrows or serifs. Dimension lines are drawn parallel to the segment, the size of which is indicated, and extension lines are perpendicular to the dimension lines (Fig. 2.29), except when they, together with the measured segment, form a parallelogram (Fig. 2.30).

The minimum distance between parallel dimension lines is 7 mm, and between the dimension line and the contour line is 10 mm (Fig. 2.31).

It is necessary to avoid the intersection of dimension and extension lines, placing them as shown in Fig. 2.32.

The extension lines should extend beyond the ends of the arrows or serifs by 1 ... 5 mm (see Fig. 2.31).

Dimensional numbers are applied above the dimension line as close as possible to its middle. When applying the size of the diameter inside the circle, the dimension numbers are shifted relative to the middle of the dimension lines (see Fig. 2.48). Above parallel or concentric dimension lines, the dimension numbers are staggered (Fig. 2.32). The dimension numbers of linear dimensions at different slopes of the dimension lines are placed, as shown in fig. 2.33. If it is necessary to indicate the size in the shaded area, then the dimension number is applied on the shelf of the leader line (Fig. 2.33). The size of the arrows of the dimension lines depends on the thickness of the line of the visible contour (Fig. 2.34, 1-5..7 mm is recommended for educational drawings), the height of the dimension numbers is 5 mm (it is less desirable to use a 3.5 mm font for them). Gaps of 0.5 ... 1 mm are left between the numbers and the dimension line (see Fig. 2.32). If there is not enough space for the arrows on the dimension lines located in a chain, the arrows are replaced by serifs applied at an angle of 45 ° to the dimension lines (Fig. 2.35). If there is not enough space for the arrow due to the closely spaced contour line, the latter can be interrupted (Fig. 2.36).

Figure 2.37 shows how to dimension an angle, a chord, and a circular arc. In the latter case, an arc sign (semicircle) is applied above the dimension number.

Angular dimensions are applied as shown in Fig. 2.38, for small angles, dimensional numbers are placed on the shelves of leader lines in any zone.

If it is necessary to show the coordinates of the vertex of the rounded corner or the center of the rounding arc, then the extension lines are drawn from the intersection point of the sides of the rounded corner or from the center of the rounding arc (Fig. 2.39).

If a view or section of a symmetrical object or individual symmetrically located elements is depicted only up to the axis of symmetry or with a break, then the dimension lines related to these elements are drawn with a break and the break of the dimension line is made further than the axis or break line of the object (Fig. 2.40, a) .

Dimension lines can be drawn with a break and when specifying the size of the diameters of the circle, regardless of whether the circle is shown in full or in part, while the break in the dimension line is made further than the center of the circle (Fig. 2.40, b).

When depicting a product with a break, the dimension line is not interrupted (Fig. 2.41).

If there is not enough space to apply a number or arrows, then they are applied using one of the methods shown in Fig. 2.42. The choice of method is determined by the situation.

Dimensional numbers cannot be divided or crossed by any lines of the drawing. It is not allowed to break the contour line for drawing a dimension number and apply dimension numbers at the intersection of dimension, axial or center lines. It is allowed to interrupt axial, center lines and hatching lines (Fig. 2.43).

The capital letter R is placed in front of the radius number. It cannot be separated from the number by any line of the drawing (Fig. 2.44). moreover, with a large radius, the center can be brought closer to the arc. In this case, the radius dimension line is shown with a break at an angle of 90 ° (see Fig. 2.44 - size R 67, and Fig. 2.45, a - size R 190).

If it is not required to specify the dimensions that determine the position of the center of the circular arc, then the dimension line of the radius may not be brought to the center and even shifted relative to the center (Figure 2.45, c). If the centers of several radii coincide, their dimension lines can not be brought to the center, except for the extreme ones (Figure 2.46).

The dimensions of the radii of the outer and inner fillets are applied, as shown in Fig. 2.47. The method of application determines the situation.

Dimension lines of two radii drawn from the same center, but in opposite directions, cannot be placed on the same straight line (Fig. 2.45.6).

Roundings, for which the size of the radius is set, must be shown on the drawing. Roundings with a radius size (in the drawing) of less than 1 mm are not depicted (see Fig. 7.10).

When specifying the size of the diameter, the “diameter” sign is applied before the size number (Fig. 2.48). Dimensions of product diameters complex configuration can be applied as shown in Fig. 2.49. In cases where the sphere is difficult to distinguish from other surfaces, the word “Sphere” or the sign according to Fig. 2.50. The diameter of the sign of the sphere is equal to the size of the dimensional numbers in the drawing.

The size of the square is applied as shown in Fig. 2.51. The height of the "square" sign is equal to the height of the digits of the dimensional numbers in the drawing.

If the drawing contains one image of the part, then the size of its thickness or length is applied, as shown in Fig. 2.52.

The dimensions of the product are always applied nominal, regardless of the scale of the image. If the element is depicted with a deviation from the image scale, then the dimension number is underlined (Fig. 2.53). This rule does not apply to the cases shown in Fig. 2.5.

Dimension lines are preferably applied outside the outline of the image, arranging, if possible, the internal and external dimensions of the part along different sides images (Fig. 2.54). However, dimensions can be applied inside the outline of the image, if the clarity of the drawing does not suffer from this.

Dimensioning on an invisible contour is allowed in cases where this will allow you to refuse to draw an additional image (Fig. 2.55).

More information on dimensioning is provided in later chapters. An exercise. Track "how the dimensions are marked on the drawing (Fig. 2.56) of a combined screwdriver for a bicycle (GOST 3905-75),while remembering the relevant rules from among the above. What dimensions should be added (for obvious reasons, there are not several dimensions in the drawing) so that a screwdriver can be made from this drawing?

In the main menu on the "Start" button - opening it, go to the "All Programs" section, to the "Standard" subsection, and then to the "System Tools" section, where you will find a link with this name. Another way is to press the key combination win + r, in the opened program launch dialog, enter charmap and press the Enter key.

Find the diameter icon in the table. Please note that there may be several characters similar in style - at least two (depending on the installed typeface). On the very first page, you can find two options - select the most suitable one and double-click it, and then copy it to the clipboard by clicking the "Copy" button.

You can do without a character table if you know the code associated with this character in the encoding table. AT Microsoft Office Word can enter a hexadecimal code, then press alt + x and the word processor will replace the code with its corresponding icon. The two icons you found on the first page in the symbol table correspond to the hexadecimal codes 00D8 and 00F8.

Use mnemonic character codes to insert diameter icons in html pages. For example, if you put the character sequence ∅ or ∅ into the document code, then for the page visitor the result will look like this: ∅. The symbolic primitive ⊕ or ⊕ looks like this: ⊕, ⊗ or ⊗ - ⊗, Ø or Ø - Ø, ø or ø - ø.

A circle is a geometric figure on a plane, which consists of all points of this plane that are at the same distance from a given point. The given point is called the center of the circle, and the distance at which the points of the circle are from its center is called the radius of the circle. The area of ​​the plane bounded by a circle is called a circle. There are several methods for calculating the diameter of a circle, the choice of a specific envy from the available initial data.

Instruction

In the simplest case, if a circle of radius R, then it will be equal to
D=2*R
If the radius of the circle is not known, but it is known, then the diameter can be calculated using the length formula circles
D \u003d L / P, where L is the circumference, P - P.
Also, the diameter of a circle can be calculated, knowing the area of ​​\u200b\u200bit bounded by it
D \u003d 2 * v (S / P), where S is the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe circle, P is the number of P.

In special cases, the radius of a circle is possible if it is described or inscribed in a triangle.
If a circle is inscribed in a triangle, then its radius is found by the formula
R = S/p, where S is the area of ​​the triangle, p = (a + b + c)/2 is the half-perimeter of the triangle.

For a circle circumscribed about a triangle, the radius formula is
R = (a * b * c)/4 * S, where S is the area of ​​the triangle.

Sources:

• circle diameter calculation

The sign of the diameter is found on the drawings and accompanying documents with him. It is not available in all code tables, but on the keyboard it is completely absent. You have to enter this sign indirectly.

Instruction

If the diameter is indicated metric thread, a special character is not required. Use capital letter M instead.

To enter the diameter sign when using the OpenOffice.org Writer, Abiword, and Microsoft Office Word office suites, open the symbol table. To do this, use the menu item called "Insert" - "Special character" or similar. Find the sign for the diameter in the table, and if that doesn't work, try to find it in a different font. After that, click on this symbol, and then on the OK button, and it will be inserted.

To enter the diameter sign when typing in the browser input field, as well as when working with HTML in the TXT file editor, run one of the office packages mentioned above, type the diameter sign in it using the character table, then select it with the mouse, copy it to clipboard by pressing Ctrl+C, move to the desired location of the edited text, and then paste the character from the clipboard by pressing Ctrl+V. This trick only works if you are editing a Unicode document. Note that the Notepad editor may not support this encoding. Use Geany, Kwrite (on Linux), or Notepad++ (on Windows) instead.

You can also take the diameter sign directly from this paragraph: ⌀. Select it, copy it to the clipboard and paste from the latter into the document as above.

In systems automatic design(CAD) diameter sign is inserted automatically when the measure and dimension function is used. Specify through the menu that this dimension is a diameter. For example, if the program "Sudarushka" is used, the corresponding menu item has the following location: "Dimensions" - "Diameter". For a linear dimension, if it refers to a projection, the diameter sign in this program can be entered as follows: “Dimensions” - “Resize” - “Text” - “Size Type”.

When editing a document in eight-bit Cyrillic encoding, inserting a diameter sign is not possible. Use the capital Russian letter "F" instead.

Circle - a closed curved line, all points of which are at an equal distance from one point. This point is the center of the circle, and the segment between the point on the curve and its center is called the radius of the circle.

correct dimensioning on the drawing has great value. A drawing without dimensions gives only an idea of ​​the shape of the part depicted on it. It has no practical significance, since this part cannot be made from it. Properly affixed dimensions on the drawing ensure compliance with the most rational technology and manufacturing accuracy.

Dimensioning regulated by GOST 2.307-68 for all industries.
There are working (executive) sizes, each of which is used in the manufacture of the product and its acceptance (control), and reference, indicated only for greater convenience in using the drawing. Reference dimensions are marked with a “*” sign, and in the technical requirements located above the main inscription, they write: “* Size for reference”.
It is not allowed to repeat the dimensions of the same element in different images.
Linear dimensions in the drawings are indicated in millimeters, without indicating the unit of measurement, angular - in degrees, minutes and seconds, for example: 4 °;
10°30`24``. Dimensional numbers are applied above the dimension line, possibly closer to the middle;
The height of the dimension number is 5 mm and is 1 mm away from the dimension line;
Dimensional numbers are not allowed to be separated or crossed by drawing lines. In the place where the dimension number is applied, the axial, center lines and hatching lines are interrupted;
Dimensions related to the same element (groove, ledge, hole) are recommended to be grouped in one place. Locating on the image in which the diametrical shape of this element is shown most clearly;
The dimensions of two symmetrically located elements of the product are applied once without indicating their number, grouping all dimensions in one place;
When applying a radial size, the letter R is applied before the size number;
When applying the diametrical size, the sign of the diameter Ǿ is indicated in front of the dimension number;
When drawing several radii from one center, the dimension line is not placed on one straight line.

Dimensioning consists in:
- construction of dimension lines with arrows at the ends and extension lines to them;
- writing a dimension number above the dimension lines.

Dimension lines are drawn between lines of the visible contour, between extension lines, and also between axial and center lines. Dimension lines are preferably drawn outside the outline of the image.
Extension lines are perpendicular to the dimension line and protrude beyond it by no more than 1 - 5 mm. Guidelines for angular dimensions are carried out radially, and for the linear size of the arc - parallel to one another.
When drawing several parallel or concentric dimension lines, the dimension numbers above them are staggered.
To plot the length of an arc of a circle, the dimension line should be drawn concentric to the arc. The arc sign must be located above the dimension number.
To designate a sphere, before the dimensional number of radius or diameter, the word should be added Sphere, for example Sphere R10. It is allowed to write on the callout R10/Sphere.

Dimensioning It also implies the fulfillment of many other requirements:

	Conditions for sizing	Conditions for sizing
	Dimension arrows size determined according to the thickness lines of visible contour	Dimension lines are applied thin solid lines from one extension line to another if not enough places for arrows applied from the back extension line sides
	With insufficient space for arrow on dimension lines, arranged in a chain, arrows can be replaced with serifs, applied at an angle of 45° to dimension lines or dots	Distance between dimension line and contour lines of at least 10 mm. Extension lines are perpendicular dimensional and advocate for it no more than 2 mm.
	Dimensions are written along dimension line opposite its middle. Writing linear dimensions at different slopes the lines are shown in fig. Specify dimensions in the 30° zone allowed only with callout lines.	When applying angular dimensions there are two sectors 40° and 30° (highlighted in red) in which to apply dimensional numbers along the dimension line not recommended in this case line is allowed callouts
	Applying angular dimensions. When specifying the size of the corner: - the dimension line should be drawn radius from corner vertex; - apply the dimension number over dimension line parallel to it and perhaps closer to its middle.	Applying angular dimensions. It is allowed to apply dimensional numbers in the dimension line break. With insufficient space for dimension number setting it is applied on the callout
	Dimensions should be uniform distribute over image and take them outside. Dimension lines and extensions must not overlap	When specifying the dimensions of a symmetrical surface allowed dimensional apply lines with a break one side
	Dimensions of arcs of circles equal to or less than 180°, indicate the dimensional line with one arrow and capital letter R before dimension number	Dimensions of prismatic surfaces with equal sides (square), parallel to the axis of the object applied as linear dimensions, but before the dimension number put a square
	Drawing extension lines not at right angles to the dimension allowed as an exception. When conducting several parallel dimension lines dimensional numbers above them Distance between neighboring dimension lines of at least 7 mm	When conducting several concentric dimension lines dimensional numbers above them arranged in a checkerboard pattern. Distance between neighboring dimension lines of at least 7 mm.

Dimensioning for lines and sloped surfaces

Starting in the second half of the 18th century in England, the industrial revolution in the 19th century swept through many countries of Europe and the world. It was characterized by the rapid development of technology and industrial production. The manufacture of products moved from manufactories and workshops to large factories and plants. However, the transition from single and small-scale production to mass production, as well as the division of labor, required the creation of a variety of design and technological documentation, which led to the development of an applied discipline - drawing.

The advent of standardization

Drawing allows you to create graphic image object needed to make it. However, for the production of one appearance few products. The drawing also contains dimensions, scale, technical requirements, material and other characteristics of the part. Further development production has led to a division of labor, when components are manufactured at different enterprises, and then assembly is carried out finished product. This required the unification and standardization of parts and a single rule for the execution of drawings. For the convenience of recording and perceiving technical information, symbols have been introduced, such as, for example, a sign of diameter or thickness, which facilitate the recording of the indicated characteristics.

Symbols: diameter sign

The standards provide for various symbols that allow you to record the geometric and technological parameters of the depicted object: signs of radius, thickness, angle, tolerance and processing allowance. They also include the diameter, which determines the size of the holes and bodies of revolution. A chord connecting two points on a circle (ball) and passing through its (its) center is called the diameter. How is it indicated on the drawings? The sign of the diameter is a circle crossed out by a line inclined at 45° to the vertical in the direction of clockwise movement. In some cases, the Latin letter D is used, which is allowed to be used along with the main character.

Diameter sign in Word

With development computer technology most of them began to be converted into electronic form, which facilitates the creation, storage, transmission and replication of drawings and special programs are used for this. For example, AutoCAD is used to build drawings, and Word, which is part of the Microsoft Office package, is used for text documents. Along with paid software, there is also a free one: NanoCAD, Open Office.

Accordingly, symbols, including the sign of the diameter, also migrated to these programs. It is not available on the standard keyboard layout, therefore, to insert it into a document created using the Word text editor, you must go through the following path: "Insert → Symbol → Other Symbols → switch "Font" to "Symbol" → Æ ". The diameter sign code in "Symbol (hexadecimal)" is 00С6. Since this element is not present in all fonts, it can be replaced with a crossed-out "o": "Ø", code - 00D8 in "Unicode (16)".