What is sp 5. Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules. Rules and their place in practice

Zaitsev Alexander Vadimovich, scientific editor of the journal "Security Algorithm"

On August 10, 2015, a message appeared on the website of the Federal State Budgetary Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia: “By the decision of the Expert Commission for the examination of the sets of rules of the EMERCOM of Russia in connection with the need to update and improve on numerous suggestions and comments, as well as in connection with the emergence of new technologies and fire protection equipment, draft SP 5.13130 has been returned to the stage of the first edition and is undergoing the public discussion procedure again.” And this is after in 2013, at the end of the research work “SP 5”, an attempt was already made to present to the public an updated version of SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Norms and rules of design». True, then the matter did not reach the public, they were hacked to death and hidden from the eyes of this public. Now we are offered almost the same thing, only under a new name - “Fire protection systems. Fire alarm systems and automatic fire extinguishing installations. Norms and rules of design».

And here I could not restrain myself and decided to express my attitude to such rule-making in an expanded form. I want to note right away that this material is not about document errors, although there are a lot of them, even if we consider only the fire alarm section. We will not receive the document, so necessary for daily work, until we decide on its tasks and structure.

WHAT DOES FEDERAL LAW No. 123-FZ REQUIRE FROM FIRE ALARMS?

I'll start with the federal law dated July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical regulations on fire safety requirements." He is the starting point. And it is quite natural, first of all, to decide what the law requires in terms of automatic fire alarm installations (AUPS) and fire alarm systems (SPS). Fire protection systems must have:

■ reliability and resistance to fire hazards during the time required to achieve fire safety goals (clause 3, article 51).

AUPS should provide:

■ automatic fire detection within the time required to turn on fire warning systems (clause 1, article 54);

■ automatic fire detection, supply of control signals to the technical means of warning people about a fire and managing the evacuation of people, control devices for fire extinguishing installations, technical means of controlling the smoke protection system, engineering and technological equipment (clause 4, article 83);

■ automatic informing of the personnel on duty about the occurrence of a malfunction of communication lines between individual technical means that are part of the installations (clause 5, article 83);

■ supply of light and sound signals about the occurrence of a fire to the receiving and control device in the premises of the personnel on duty or to special remote warning devices, and in buildings of functional fire hazard classes F1.1, F1.2, F4.1, F4.2 - with duplication of these signals to the control panel of the fire department without the participation of the employees of the facility and / or the organization broadcasting this signal.

Fire detectors must:

■ be located in the protected room in such a way as to ensure timely fire detection at any point of this room (clause 8, article 83).

AUPS technical means should:

■ ensure electrical and information compatibility with each other, as well as with other technical means interacting with them (clause 1, article 103);

■ be resistant to electromagnetic interference with the maximum allowable level values typical for the protected object (clause 5, article 103);

■ ensure electrical safety. Cable lines and electrical wiring of fire detection systems, warning and control of people evacuation in case of fire, emergency lighting on evacuation routes, emergency ventilation and smoke protection, automatic fire extinguishing, internal fire water supply, elevators for transporting fire departments in buildings and structures should:

■ remain operational in a fire for the time necessary to perform their functions and evacuate people to a safe area (clause 2, article 82).

The communication lines between the technical means of the AUPS should:

■ remain operational in a fire for the time necessary to perform their functions and evacuate people to a safe area (clause 2, article 103).

AUPS fire equipment control devices must provide:

■ the principle of control in accordance with the type of controlled equipment and the requirements of a particular facility (clause 3, article 103, oddly enough, this requirement is in the requirements for AUPS).

The automatic drive of actuators and devices of supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems of buildings and structures should:

■ be carried out when automatic fire extinguishing installations and / or fire alarms are triggered (clause 7, article 85, this once again confirms that fire control devices for actuators belong to AUPS).

Those. all components of the AUPS are subject to specific requirements for the purpose. These requirements are of an exclusively generalized nature without disclosing the mechanisms for their implementation. It would seem that what is easier is to take these requirements and consistently, step by step, reveal and specify them.

These are the main tasks facing developers of fire alarm requirements. In order, what is achieved by:

■ reliability of fire detection;

■ timeliness of fire detection;

■ resistance of AUPS and SPS to external environmental influences;

■ control over the current state of the APS and SPS by the duty personnel;

■ interaction of AUPS and SPS with other fire protection subsystems;

■ safety of people from electric shock.

Instead, in the new draft set of rules SP 5.13130, we again see a set of disparate rules: how and in what quantity to place fire detectors (PIs), lay fire alarm loops and connect them to control panels. And all this without any indication of the tasks to be solved. This is very reminiscent of a rather complicated recipe for making Christmas pudding.

What will the inspector be like? Having found a discrepancy at the facility with the set of rules SP 5.13130, it is necessary to link it to the requirements of Federal Law No. 123 in order to substantiate your claims in the courts. In this edition, as in the previous one, it will be very difficult to find such a binding.

In the GOSTs of the Soviet period, it was described how to make the same bicycle. Several wheel sizes were standardized, and, consequently, the spokes for them, the size of the steering wheel and seat, the diameter of the frame pipes, etc. In modern Russia, a completely new approach to national standards has been adopted. Now the requirements for the final product are written in national standards, and not how to make it. And then, for the most part, in terms of ensuring human security in various areas. There is compliance with the requirements - good, no - not subject to commissioning or further use. This is how all other types of regulatory documents should be.

RULES AND THEIR PLACE IN PRACTICE

The very concept of "rule" is deeply rooted in the philosophy of life of an individual or a community of individuals. Any rules are executed by people on a voluntary basis, on the basis of understanding and perception of the correctness of their actions. Here is such a tautology.

There are rules of conduct in society, rules of etiquette, rules of behavior on the water, rules of the road, etc. There are also unwritten rules. In different countries, all of them can fundamentally differ in their essence and content. There are simply no universal rules.

The rules are aimed either at creating a comfortable living environment, incl. ensuring the necessary security in all areas of human activity, or on other specific tasks related to the performance or implementation of certain processes.

But the rules cannot be without exceptions, and how much it is permissible to deviate from the rules is determined by the requirements for the final result of the activity. Sometimes these requirements are more important than the rules themselves.

But before formulating certain rules, it is necessary to develop evaluation criteria and / or the procedure for developing these rules. An upper level of rules must be generated to create a lower level of rules. Neglect of the upper level or its absence will not allow you to create a lower level of rules that is really feasible in life. And this turned out to be the main problem of the work of the team of authors of the FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of the Russian Federation on the set of rules SP 5.13130.

In our case, the highest level of rules should be Federal Law No. 123. After all, the main tasks are formulated in it. The second level should be a document describing the requirements for the final product, for example, in our case, for a fire alarm. But as a guide to the labyrinths between the tasks and the specific requirements for the final result, there should be rules describing how to do this. These rules will act as recommendations that can be followed or not, if there is a justification for that. And since the requirements for the result are laid down in the first two upper levels, there is no contradiction in this.

CODE OF RULES SP 5.13130: ORIGIN AND CONTRADICTIONS

The structure and principle of building a set of rules SP 5.13130 “Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design Codes and Rules” only on the first page looks modern, but the essence of this document has not changed over the past 30 years. The roots of this document lie in the "Instructions for the design of fire extinguishing installations" CH75-76. If we take his follower SNiP 2.04.09-84 "Fire automation of buildings and structures", then he and his further followers NPB 88-2001 and the draft new edition of SP 5.13130 are absolutely similar.

Would you like an example please. SNiP 2.04.09-84 has the following requirement:

“4.23. In justified cases, it is allowed to install control and reception devices in rooms without personnel on round-the-clock duty while ensuring the transmission of fire and malfunction notifications to the fire station or other premises with personnel on round-the-clock duty, and ensuring control of communication channels.

We had the same in the interim regulatory document NPB 88-2001 “Fire extinguishing and alarm installations. Norms and rules of design».

In the draft SP 5.13130 submitted for re-discussion, we again find:

“14.14.7. In justified cases, it is allowed to install these devices in rooms without personnel on round-the-clock duty, while ensuring separate transmission of notifications about a fire, malfunction, condition of technical equipment to a room with personnel on round-the-clock duty, and ensuring control of notification transmission channels.

And here comes the contradiction. Article 46 of the Federal Law No. 123 provides a list of technical means of fire automatics. And it has a component - a system for transmitting notifications. The components of these systems both transmit the mentioned signals from the control panel and output them to their indicators, and, most importantly, control the notification transmission channel. And the requirements for them are in GOST R 53325-2012. You don't have to invent anything. But the authors of the code of laws do not read ... And such examples with the wording "a cart and a small cart" outdated for 30 years.

It has come to the point that the very name of SP 5.13130 in its discussed edition will contradict the law that gave rise to it. The law spells out the term "automatic fire alarm installations (AUPS)". And in the set of rules - "fire alarm systems (TPS)", which, according to the same law, are defined only as a combination of several such installations. All requirements in the law, as I showed a little earlier, are prescribed for AUPS, and not for SPS. What is easier - to indicate in the introduction that the requirements for fire alarm systems and the automatic fire alarm installations included in them are identical, and the issue would be closed. Here it is, the legal purity of our fire safety standards. And most importantly, the tasks in Federal Law No. 123 generally "remained behind the scenes." And this I will try to show with a few examples.

It is unlikely that anyone remembers where the requirements for the organization of fire alarm control zones appeared in our standards (now this is clause 13.2.1 in SP5.13130.2009).

Even in the “Manual to the rules for the production and acceptance of work. Installations of security, fire and security-fire alarm systems ”of 1983, it was provided that:

“For administrative buildings (premises), it is allowed to block up to ten fire alarms with one fire alarm loop, and if there is a remote alarm from each premises, up to 20 premises with a common corridor or adjacent ones.”

It was then only about the use of thermal IP, there were no others yet. And about the maximum savings, both the technical means of fire alarms themselves, and cable products. At one time, this made it possible to equip a fairly large administrative facility with just one single-loop receiving and control device of the UATS-1-1 type.

Subsequently, in SNiP 2.04.09-84 the situation changes somewhat:

“With automatic fire detectors of one fire alarm loop, it is allowed to control up to ten in public, residential and auxiliary buildings, and with a remote light alarm from automatic fire detectors and installing it above the entrance to a controlled room - up to twenty adjacent or isolated rooms located on one floor and having access to a common corridor (room).

By this time, smoke fire detectors had already appeared, and therefore the scope of this norm was expanded in terms of the purpose of the premises.

And in NPB 88-2001, the concept of “control zone” also appears:

“12.13. It is allowed to equip a control zone with one fire alarm loop with fire detectors that do not have an address, including:

Premises located on no more than 2 interconnected floors, with a total area of \u200b\u200bpremises of 300 m2 or less;

Up to ten isolated and adjacent premises with a total area of not more than 1600 m2, located on one floor of the building, while the isolated premises must have access to a common corridor, hall, lobby, etc.;

Up to twenty isolated and adjacent rooms with a total area of not more than 1600 m2, located on one floor of the building, while isolated rooms must have access to a common corridor, hall, vestibule, etc., if there is a remote light alarm about the operation of fire detectors above the entrance to each controlled area.

It is unlikely that these sizes of areas have introduced any changes in the practice of applying this norm. But a lot of work has been done, there is something to be proud of.

Approximately the same requirement for the ability to control a fire alarm with one loop of fire alarms with fire-broadcasters that do not have an address is provided for in the draft SP 5.13130. Why this happened, how it is determined, no one can say. There is such a norm, born 35 years ago, which has undergone several changes along the way, but no longer has any basis. The authors of fire regulations have enough other concerns. It's like rolling a snowball, in which the original task is completely forgotten. If we are trying in this way to solve the issues of survivability of fire alarm systems, then why are we talking only about threshold loops with conventional detectors. During this time, addressable and addressable analog systems have taken their due place, but for some reason they are not subject to restrictions in terms of the same survivability. And all because the zoning of AUPS is not yet perceived as one of the components of the struggle for their survivability, as it was done from the very beginning in the foreign rationing system, from which the mentioned figures were taken. This once again shows that the authors of the document are not trying to solve the problems. It's time to bake Easter cakes, and not make adjustments to the existing recipe for making Christmas pudding.

And what about another attempt to introduce stupidity into SP 5.13130, which can confuse any competent specialist:

“14.1.1. The choice of the type of automatic fire detectors is recommended to be made in accordance with their sensitivity to test sources in accordance with GOST R 53325.

Test foci for all types of IP, with the exception of special additional test foci for aspiration, are the same. And the task of any IP is to pass these tests. And no one will find specific numerical indicators of this sensitivity to test fires anywhere, so that one particular detector can be compared with another and some kind of choice can be made. Apparently, this was done only in order not to make serious changes to the source text from NPB 88-2001:

“12.1. The choice of the type of point smoke detector is recommended to be made in accordance with its ability to detect various types of smoke, which can be determined according to GOST R 50898.

But even in the edition of NPB 88-2001 it was already unprofessional. A smoke detector must detect all types of smoke, otherwise it cannot be called a smoke detector. It is necessary to solve the problem of reliable and timely detection of a fire from a completely different perspective, and not try to replace one stupidity with another. It would be good, first of all, to determine such characteristics of the system as the timeliness and reliability of fire detection, how they are determined, achieved and how to normalize them. And only after that give any recommendations.

In my opinion, without a clear understanding of the meaning of these characteristics, it is impossible to talk about the effectiveness of the fire alarm itself, and this requires serious study and discussion.

And here, in the draft of the new edition of SP 5.13130, there is also a new somersault - attempts were made to give some preferences to gas firefighters and broadcasters, with whom they had finally decided for ten years abroad, and not in their favor.

All the above examples are the results of unsystematic work. The lack of requirements for the main characteristics of the AUPS is replaced by a chaotic set of private design rules.

The set of rules SP 5.13130 is a lower level regulatory document. And sooner or later it will be necessary to develop a national standard instead. But with SP 5.13130 in its current edition, this is not even worth talking about.

SOME EXCURSION TO INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

The European standard EN 54-14 "Requirements for planning, design, installation, operation and maintenance" states right in the introduction:

"one. Application area

This standard sets out mandatory requirements for the use of automatic fire alarm systems, i.e. detection and/or notification in the event of a fire. The standard addresses the planning and design of fire alarm systems, their installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance procedures.

Note the term "requirements" used. And these requirements apply specifically to the final product - fire alarms.

There is no need to separate design, installation, operation and maintenance under different regulations. Note that in our country, no documents have yet been created either for the installation, or for the operation and maintenance of fire alarms. Requirements for fire alarms at all stages of the life cycle must remain unchanged. And now it is simply impossible to make claims for the non-compliance of the operated fire alarm with the existing requirements on the basis of the existing regulatory documents. One was designed, it was already mounted differently, and in the course of several years of operation and maintenance, a third appeared. And this question in EN 54-14 was closed forever.

And now, for example, one more of the general provisions from EN 54-14:

“6.4.1. Fire detectors: General

When choosing the type of detectors, the following factors should be considered:

Type of materials on the protected object and their combustibility;

The size and location of the premises (especially the height of the ceiling);

Availability of ventilation and heating;

environmental conditions in the premises;

The probability of false positives;

Normative acts. The selected type of fire detectors should, taking into account the environmental conditions in the places where they are planned to be installed, ensure the earliest possible guaranteed fire detection and transmission of a fire alarm signal. There are no types of detectors that are suitable for use in all conditions. Ultimately, this choice depends on the specific conditions.

And only after that, specific instructions are given on the use of each type of IP, which are also available to some extent in our SP 5.13130.

However, there are also fundamental differences. One of the factors influencing the choice of IP, as can be seen from the above list, is the probability of false positives. And this concept found a place in EN 54-14:

“4.5. False alarm

False alarms and the resulting system disruption are a serious problem and can cause a real fire alarm to be ignored. Therefore, those responsible for planning, installing and operating the system must pay close attention to avoiding false alarms.”

So in many national standards, which are sometimes more stringent than the pan-European ones, for more than ten years they have been normalizing the magnitude of the probability of false positives. Here it is, the approach of real experts in their field.

And in our country at this time, the authors of the norms prefer not to give direct answers to questions from many years of everyday practice. Or maybe they specifically do it so that you can constantly communicate with the people with the help of letters of explanation and letters of "happiness".

What is worth only one requirement below in the draft SP 5.13130:

“18.5. The required probability of failure-free operation of technical means, adopted in accordance with the risk calculation method depending on the fire hazard of the object, is provided by the reliability parameters of the technical means of a particular system during functional checks during operation, with a calculated frequency in accordance with the Comments to ".

That is, before developing working documentation for a fire alarm and determining the required value of the probability of failure-free operation, it is necessary to carry out a functional test during the operation of this particular fire alarm at this particular facility with a certain frequency. Do you think someone will be guided by this when designing? And then why write such a rule?

PROPOSALS FOR THE FORMATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE ALARMS

In order to have a causal relationship between the requirements for fire alarms between the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" and the new regulatory document, it is proposed to state it in the following form.

List the tasks to be solved in the same sequence as I did at the very beginning of this article: reliability of fire detection, timeliness of fire detection, stability of AUPS and SPS to external environmental influences, control over the current state of AUPS and SPS by the on-duty personnel, interaction of AUPS and ATP with other fire protection subsystems, the safety of people from electric shock, and only after that disclose each component.

Approximately it could look like this: 1. The reliability of fire detection is ensured by:

■ choice of IP type;

■ formation of fire alarm control zones;

■ fire decision-making algorithm;

■ protection against false positives.

1.1. IP type selection:

1.1.1. EITI allows...

1.1.2. IPT allows...

1.1.3. IPDL allow...

1.1.4. IPDA allow.

1.2. Formation of fire alarm control zones:

Why are they formed, what restrictions are imposed on them?

1.3. Algorithms for making a decision about a fire that increase reliability:

1.3.1. . "Fire 1". "Fire 2".

1.3.2. ... "Attention" ... "Fire". 1.4. Protection against false positives:

1.4.1. The use of combined IP ...

1.4.2. The use of multi-criteria IP ... (only first you need to understand what it is).

1.4.3. The use of power supply with protection against particles that are not products of combustion...

1.4.4. The degree of rigidity of technical means of fire automatics to electromagnetic influences.

2. The timeliness of fire detection is ensured by:

2.1. Thermal IPs should be placed in such and such a way.

2.2. Smoke point IP to place...

2.3. Manual fire detectors should be placed.

3. The stability of AUPS and SPS to external influences is achieved:

■ selection of the appropriate topology for building an installation or fire alarm system;

■ resistance to external mechanical influences;

■ resistance to electromagnetic interference;

■ stability of communication lines in fire conditions;

■ redundancy of power sources and power lines.

3.1. Choice of structure topology.

3.2. Resistance to external mechanical influences:

3.2.1. Devices should be placed...

3.2.2. Lines of communication should be laid.

3.3. Stability of communication lines in fire conditions.

3.4. Immunity to electromagnetic interference.

3.5. Power requirements.

4. Visualization of the current state of AUPS and SPS is provided by:

4.1. Personnel on duty must have continuous visual and sound control.

4.2. Personnel on duty must have access to the necessary information...

4.3. Duty personnel must have access to the controls for prompt intervention.

5. Interaction of AUPS with other fire protection subsystems:

5.1. The management of AUPT and SOUE type 5 should be carried out.

5.2. Management of SOUE 1-4 types should be carried out.

5.3. Smoke ventilation must be controlled.

5.4. Fire signals from objects of fire category F1.1, F1.2, F4.1, and F4.2 must be duplicated ...

5.5. Fire signals from facilities that do not have round-the-clock fire posts must be transmitted ...

5.6. Compatibility of various technical means of fire automatics with each other.

6. Ensuring the safety of people from electric shock is ensured by:

6.1. Grounding...

6.2. Protection of controls from accidental access must be ensured.

This, of course, is not a dogma, it can be considered as one of the proposals for the structure of the new document.

As soon as the requirements already available in SP 5.13130 are placed in the proposed places, it will become clear whether they are enough to solve the tasks ahead or not. Requirements will appear that have not found a place in this structure. In this case, you will have to evaluate their need. It is quite possible that some of the provisions or rules would make sense to concentrate in some recommendations, which may be non-binding in nature.

I can say that in the process of working on such a structure of a fundamentally new document, many new problems will arise. For example, how to correlate the necessary reliability of fire detection and the timeliness of detection. If increased timeliness of detection is required, then two IPs located in the same room must be switched on according to the “OR” scheme, otherwise one IP is enough, if, at the same time, some other boundary conditions are met. And, if increased reliability is required to the detriment of the timeliness of detection, then these two IPs will have to be included according to the “AND” scheme. Who should make such a decision and in what case?

A LITTLE ABOUT PAINFUL

Immediately, I would like to recall the issue of electrical and information compatibility of various technical means of fire automatics with each other. In order to minimize the cost of technical means of fire automatics, a decision is often made to use one unit from one manufacturer, another unit from a second manufacturer. And the third from the third. Those. there is a crossing between hedgehogs and snakes. The draft of the new edition states that for this they must be compatible with each other. Only now there is nothing about who should check and evaluate this compatibility. If we are talking about products of one manufacturer, then this is checked in the process of certification tests by specially trained experts.

But the right to combine components of devices from different manufacturers is given to anyone. Miracles, and nothing more. To my corresponding question to the authors of such a norm, I was given the answer that “experienced specialists” are doing this. Then why in the set of rules for these "experienced specialists" so many small and detailed features are indicated for laying fire alarm loops and other small things. Why transfer so much paper to this? If necessary, they will sort it out. This is the approach of the authors to their own regulatory documents.

And I also want to return to the place of fire control devices, which I have already mentioned twice here. If we take the codes of practice for related fire protection systems (for warning people about a fire, smoke protection, internal fire water supply, elevators, etc.), then they only deal with the procedure for using the final actuating devices (sirens, fans, actuators, valves, etc.). It is understood that the signals to them come from installations or fire alarm systems, but nothing is written about the use of fire control devices to control these actuators. Thus, for many years now, a whole link in the form of control devices has fallen out of the norms. Everyone knows about this, but so far all the authors of fire safety standards carefully bypass this topic, each nodding at the law of the Federal Law No. 123. Only here, according to the law, in clause 3. Art. 103 and in paragraph 3. Art. 103 these control devices, strange as it may seem, belong to the fire alarm. Perhaps this is not so bad. Only then should they be taken into account in the relevant requirements. There should be no white spots in fire safety.

CONCLUSION OR CONCLUSION

If work is not carried out on a radical revision of the principle of construction and content of the set of rules SP 5.13130, then it will not be necessary to talk about its problem-free application in practice. Further rolling of the snowball will not give results, everyone has long understood this. For more than 30 years of his "improvement" too much has changed. Without identifying the tasks facing this document, we will never achieve their implementation, and it will remain a kind of cookbook with a very complex and contradictory recipe. We hope that the employees of the Federal State Budgetary Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia will find a solution to this problem, otherwise the public will have to be involved.

1 area of use
2. Regulatory references
3. Terms and definitions
4. General provisions
5. Water and foam fire extinguishing installations
6. Fire extinguishing installations with high expansion foam
7. Robotic fire complex
8. Gas fire extinguishing installations
9. Powder fire extinguishing installations of modular type
10. Aerosol fire extinguishing installations
11. Autonomous fire extinguishing installations
12. Control equipment for fire extinguishing installations
13. Fire alarm systems
14. Interrelation of fire alarm systems with other systems and engineering equipment of objects
15. Power supply of fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing installations
16. Protective grounding and zeroing. Safety requirements
17. General provisions taken into account when choosing technical means of fire automatics
Annex A. List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms
Appendix B. Groups of premises (production and technological processes) according to the degree of fire hazard, depending on their functional purpose and fire load of combustible materials
Appendix C. Methodology for calculating the parameters of AFS for surface fire extinguishing with water and low expansion foam
Appendix D. Methodology for calculating the parameters of fire extinguishing installations with high-expansion foam
Appendix E. Initial data for calculating the mass of gaseous fire extinguishing agents
Appendix F
Appendix G. Technique for hydraulic calculation of low pressure carbon dioxide fire extinguishing installations
Appendix H. Methodology for calculating the opening area for releasing excess pressure in rooms protected by gas fire extinguishing installations
Annex I. General provisions for the calculation of modular type powder fire extinguishing installations
Appendix K. Methodology for calculating automatic aerosol fire extinguishing installations
Appendix K. Methodology for calculating excess pressure when fire extinguishing aerosol is supplied to the room
Appendix M. Selection of types of fire detectors depending on the purpose of the protected premises and the type of fire load
Appendix H. Installation locations of manual fire detectors, depending on the purpose of buildings and premises
Appendix O. Determination of the set time for detecting a malfunction and eliminating it
Appendix P. Distances from the upper overlap point to the measuring element of the detector
Annex P. Techniques for improving the reliability of the fire signal
Bibliography

SP 5.13130.2013 Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules

1 area of use
2. Regulatory references
3. Terms, definitions, designations and abbreviations
4. Abbreviations
5. General provisions
6. Water and foam fire extinguishing installations
7. Fire extinguishing installations with high expansion foam
8. Robotic fire extinguishing systems
9. Gas fire extinguishing installations
10. Powder fire extinguishing installations of modular type
11. Aerosol fire extinguishing installations
12. Autonomous fire extinguishing installations
13. Control equipment for fire extinguishing installations
14. Fire alarm systems
15. Interrelation of fire alarm systems with other systems and engineering equipment of objects
16. Power supply of fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing installations
17. Protective grounding and zeroing. Safety requirements
18. General provisions taken into account when choosing technical means of fire automatics
Appendix A List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms
Appendix B Groups of premises (industries and technological processes) according to the degree of fire hazard, depending on their functional purpose and fire load of combustible materials
Appendix B Method for calculating the parameters of AFS during surface fire extinguishing with water and low expansion foam
Appendix D Method for calculating the parameters of fire extinguishing installations with high-expansion foam
Appendix D. Initial data for calculating the mass of gaseous fire extinguishing agents
Appendix E Method for calculating the mass of a gas fire extinguishing agent for gas fire extinguishing installations when extinguishing by volumetric method
Annex G. Technique for hydraulic calculation of low pressure carbon dioxide fire extinguishing installations
Appendix H Method for calculating the area of the opening for relieving excess pressure in rooms protected by gas fire extinguishing installations
Appendix I. General provisions for the calculation of powder fire extinguishing installations of a modular type
Appendix K. Method for calculating automatic aerosol fire extinguishing installations
Annex L. Method for calculating overpressure when supplying fire-extinguishing aerosol to a room
Application M. The choice of types of fire detectors depending on the purpose of the protected premises and the type of fire load
Annex H. Places of installation of manual fire detectors depending on the purpose of buildings and premises
Appendix O. Determination of the set time for the detection of a malfunction and its elimination
Annex P. Distances from the upper overlap point to the measuring element of the detector
Appendix R. Methods for improving the reliability of a fire signal
Appendix C. The use of fire detectors in the equipment of automatic fire alarms in residential buildings
Bibliography

FOREWORD

The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", and the development rules - by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2008 No. 858 "On the Procedure for the Development and Approval of Codes of Rules ".

The application of SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules" ensures compliance with the requirements for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations for buildings and structures for various purposes, including those built in areas with special climatic and natural conditions established by the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements".

Information about the set of rules SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules":

DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "All-Russian Order of the Badge of Honor" Research Institute of Fire Defense" (FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia)
APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Order of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Relief (EMERCOM of Russia)
REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
IN REPLACEMENT

1 AREA OF USE

1.1 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules" establishes norms and rules for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm installations.

1.2 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules" applies to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations for buildings and structures for various purposes, including those built in areas with special climatic and natural conditions. The list of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms is given in Appendix A.

1.3 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules" does not apply to the design of automatic fire extinguishing installations:

buildings and structures designed according to special standards;
technological installations located outside buildings;
warehouse buildings with mobile racks;
warehouse buildings for storing products in aerosol packaging;
warehouse buildings with a cargo storage height of more than 5.5 m;
cable structures;
reservoirs of petroleum products.

1.4 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules" does not apply to the design of fire extinguishing installations for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:

reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals, etc.);
decomposing when interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of combustible gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, aluminum, zinc, magnesium hydrides, etc.);
interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite, etc.);
spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).

1.5 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules" can be used in the development of special specifications for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm installations.