When insulating your home, a prudent owner always gives preference to finishing the walls with systems with external insulation. Although performing work on inner surface walls are simpler and less expensive, but the serious homeowner knows at least three main arguments in favor of an external solution.

Why you should choose an external location of insulation:

• location "dew points"(condensation zones) when there is a temperature difference between inside and outside the house. If the insulation is located on the inner surface of a load-bearing wall, constant condensation makes it damp. This phenomenon is drastic reduces functionality applied thermal insulation - it loses its thermal protection properties, the house becomes damp, fungal mold appears, etc.;
• thermal inertia level(thermal resistance) of walls with external insulation is much higher. Simply put, a house that is insulated from the outside cools down much more slowly as the outside temperature drops;
• external thermal insulation is guaranteed to cover all existing “cold bridges” in the house structure, which are the main routes of heat loss.

Existing types of outdoor facade systems share into two large groups, called “dry” and “wet”. The first group of “dry facades” is also called prefabricated or hinged. An example of such systems is facades made of vinyl or metal siding. Thanks to high practical efficiency, efficiency and decorative possibilities, “wet” insulation technologies, called “wet facades,” are very popular throughout the civilized world.

What is the “wet façade” system?

“Wet” technologies for installing insulated facades are based on creating a unique multi-layer fortified cake. During the work, special adhesives, mastics and plasters are used, usually mixed with ordinary water.

The wet installation technique involves applying in strict order layers of soil base, adhesive composition, gluing and additional strengthening by special means layer of heat-insulating material, creating a reinforcing layer with a special mesh, over which several layers are made that carry protective and decorative functions. As a result, it forms one system, having a whole range undeniable advantages:

• allows for special decorative and attractive, absence of salt stains on external walls, which initially had a rough surface of any quality;
• high efficiency and low weight of the structure thermal fencing does not require a powerful load-bearing foundation, which, as a rule, constitutes a significant part of the total costs of building a house;
• external thermal insulation of the load-bearing wall allows, like in a thermos, to preserve and accumulate heat in the house, completely blocking numerous “cold bridges”;
• excluded the formation of condensation on the inner surface of the walls and their wetting - the “dew point” is carried outside the wall structure into the insulation material, from where it evaporates through the “breathing” outer layers of plaster;
• the structural material of the house is reliably protected from the destructive effects of moisture - freezing is prevented in microcracks in concrete structures and corrosion of frame reinforcement;
• the “wet” facade gives the external walls additional vibration and sound insulation.

Practical and effective “wet” technologies turn out to be cheaper to sell and are widely used not only during finishing work industrial buildings, but also in private and low-rise construction. However, in order for the listed advantages to please the owners of the house, it is necessary to strictly stick to technology requirements, selection of appropriate quality materials. One of the important features is the time it takes to complete the work. There are certain restrictions on the outside air temperature related to the properties of the materials used.

All plastering, painting and other “wet” finishing phases can be carried out at temperatures not less+5 degrees Celsius. The quality of the work and the service life will depend on how accurately all the conditions are met. finished facade. Violation of the temperature regime, the use of materials not intended for constructing a “wet” facade, can lead to cracking and even shedding of the outer layer.

The cost of arranging a wet facade

The cost of installing facades using “wet” techniques turns out to be noticeably lower hinged ventilated facades, which require, in addition to the high cost of materials, additional labor costs for highly qualified installers. And in this case, as a rule, the cost of installation itself is from 30 to 50 percent from the total cost of a ventilated façade. In addition, you need to take into account certain difficulties in finding truly qualified specialists, for example, to install a ventilated facade made of natural stone.

If the cost of only facing material (stone) starts from several thousand rubles per square, then the choice of unqualified personnel is fraught with the loss of significant funds. It’s easy to compare the real cost of finishing the external walls of a house using “wet” and various hanging technologies by viewing price offers for all options from construction companies. Data on Internet sites confirms the conclusion about high efficiency and the optimal price-quality ratio of the “wet” facade technology. Its actual price is approximately 76 - 18 percent from the amounts required to make facades made of fiber cement slabs, aluminum composite panels, porcelain stoneware, metal cassettes or natural stone. It is necessary to take into account that a “wet” facade made by hand will cost even cheaper.

Physico-chemical characteristics of insulation for a “wet” facade

Installed on the outer surface of a load-bearing wall using “wet” facade technology, thermal insulation system consists of three main parts:

• a layer of thermal insulation, fixed to the ground base using glue and special plastic dowels;
• a layer of reinforced base, made on the basis of alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh and mineral glue of a special composition;
• a finishing layer, including a primer and special plaster based on a polymer, mineral or siloxane base.

It is difficult to single out a more important part from the three listed. The correct choice of each determines the effectiveness of the entire system. Outer finishing layer performs a dual role, being the aesthetically defining “face” of the entire finishing layer and, at the same time, reliably protecting the heat insulator from adverse external influences. In addition, the layer must be well permeable to the evaporation of moisture condensed in the thermal insulator material.

Reinforced base necessary for reliable fastening at the level of adhesion of the finishing layer. And here you will need a special alkali-resistant mesh. As a rule, this is a fiberglass-based material with a special coating. It is installed on a special glue, completely recessed into it. If you use a regular mesh without treatment, after about a year there will be nothing left of its reinforcing frame, and the top layer, the important function of which has already been mentioned, will simply peel off.

Thermal insulation layer requires the use of appropriate materials. Its thickness is calculated by heating engineers, and its type is determined by the place of application and requirements. fire safety. The most common and traditional materials are:

• fibrous: mineral wool and glass fiber, the fibers of which are obtained by drawing from natural melts: stone mineral raw materials, metallurgical waste and glass melt;
• foamed gas-filled plastics with a cellular structure - foam plastics, of which the most common is polystyrene foam;
• wood concrete (light concrete) based on wood processing waste, flax, hemp, etc., Portland cement and natural hardener.

An important parameter of all thermal insulating materials (TIM) is their density. For fibrous TIM, the density should be at least 150 - 180 kilograms per cubic meter. Mineral wool preferable for finishing facades. They are more durable, non-flammable, and have good sound insulation. Experts recommend using cotton wool on phenolic binders, as more water-resistant. Since, in addition to density, moisture absorption is important for TIM. This parameter must be no more than 15%. Among other advantages stone wool resistance to chemicals and biological substances, environmental friendliness, light weight and ease of installation.

Glass wool, due to the longer fiber, have a higher elasticity index. They also have high strength. But the heat resistance of the material is much lower and does not exceed 450 degrees Celsius.

Various types of expanded polystyrene, for example, brands PSB-35, PPSB-S. They are less resistant to elevated temperatures and already at 100 degrees they begin to melt and swell. With prolonged and constant exposure to sunlight, turn yellow and crumble. However, new modifications are appearing with increased resistance to sunlight and temperatures.

A new environmental material is also gaining popularity wood concrete. It belongs to the category of lightweight concrete. It contains about 90% natural fillers: flax and hemp, sawdust, husks, etc., Portland cement and natural hardener. The density of wood concrete for thermal insulation is from 400 to 500 kilogram per cubic meter.

Depending on the type of insulation used, the appropriate adhesive composition. For example, bitumen-based adhesive is often used for polystyrene boards.

“Wet” façade installation technology

One of the options for performing a “wet” facade technique could be the following approximate step-by-step description of the order of the stages of work. The start of all work must be preceded by thorough preparation, including assessment and foundation installation, on which, layer by layer, the entire finishing “pie” will be applied.

Preparatory operations for the installation of a wet facade:

• the outer surface of the walls is cleaned of all types of dirt and remnants of old coatings;
• to improve load-bearing capacity, carried out rough plastering, leveling and strengthening damage and cracks;
• window slopes and doorways cleaned of old plaster;
• to obtain the required adhesion, the surface is thoroughly primed beforehand.

A mandatory operation is support bar device. With its lower edge, the entire insulation system rests on a special U-shaped profile, called the “support base”. With its marking and fastening along the perimeter of the house, all work on the direct installation of the “wet” facade begins. The profile performs several important functions:

• is the basis for distributing the weight of the entire set of layers;
• protects the bottom edge of the set from moisture.

The support base is mounted at a height of 40 centimeters from the zero level (from the ground). To take into account thermal expansion, it is necessary to leave between its horizontal slats gap 0.3 centimeters. The profile fastening technology uses self-tapping screws and dowels. The quantity per linear meter depends on the total calculated weight of the facade layer in height. At least 5-10 points are needed per linear meter, i.e. the fastening step is from 10 to 20 centimeters. The corners of the plinth support strip are made of special corner profile.

After this, the work moves into the fastening stage. layer of thermal insulation. Most often, slabs of mineral wool or expanded polystyrene are first glued onto the prepared outer surface load-bearing walls. The method of applying glue, which simultaneously ensures fastening strength and economical consumption of the composition, involves applying a wide strip along the perimeter of the slab a couple of centimeters from the edge and spot areas. The criterion for sufficiency is the rule that at least 40% of the insulation area must be covered with glue. The exception is lamella mats; their inner side is completely covered with glue.

Rules for installing slabs

Installation of slabs, starting from the bottom row, resting on the base profile, is carried out according to the rules:

• seams between slabs in adjacent rows must overlap; continuous vertical seams along the height of several rows are not allowed;
• when gluing, the base of the slab is pressed tightly against the base, and the end, with minimum clearance, to the adjacent slab of the glued row. We must strive to minimize the thickness of the seams;
• Any glue protruding from the seams is immediately removed.

To further strengthen the slab insulation material, three days after the adhesive composition has dried, installation is carried out plastic dowels special design. Their dimensions are determined by the thickness and material of the insulation, and the design includes a disc-type head and a plastic nail that expands the dowel. The correct choice of dowel takes into account that the hole depth for porous TIM is not less than 5 cm, and for solid ones - 9 cm. The consumption rate per square meter depends on the mass (thickness) of the insulation and is usually from 6 to 14 pieces.

The order of fastening with dowels:

• symmetrically and evenly, according to the pre-marked panel area, drilled required amount holes to the required depth;
• nests for dowels are made in the material;
• dish-shaped parts are installed flush;
• The expanding plastic nails are carefully hammered in.

The reinforcement phase begins no earlier than 1 - 3 days after the final installation of the thermal insulation layer. This stage includes:

• processing the corners of window and door openings, joints and horizontal lintels, external corners, for which a special corner profile is used;
• The insulation material is covered with an adhesive composition, the layer thickness is from 2 to 3 millimeters;
• construction mesh made of fiberglass (a special alkali-resistant coating is required) is embedded in the adhesive layer;
• The adhesive composition is applied in a layer of up to 2 millimeters, based on the total thickness of the entire reinforcement up to 6 millimeters.

Finishing is the final phase of the construction of a “wet” facade and begins no earlier than the final drying of the reinforcing layer. This may take from 3 to 7 days. Finishing includes applying plaster onto the reinforcement layer. The following requirements apply to its properties:

• high steam permeability;
• resistance to external moisture and other climatic factors;
• mechanical strength.

For this purpose they are used special compounds for outdoor work. In addition, the decisive factor in the quality of work is compliance with temperature requirements: the working range is considered to be from +5 to +30 degrees Celsius. It is necessary to protect the applied layer from direct sunlight.

High-quality insulation and finishing of the façade of the house guarantee significant savings in thermal energy, which is especially important in the context of constantly rising prices for energy resources. In addition, comprehensive work makes the house more attractive from an aesthetic point of view. There are different methods of insulating and decorating buildings, but the most modern is considered wet facade: the technology of this finishing method is described in detail in this article.

Wet insulation of facadesoutside or inside: features of choice

Traditional building materials used for the construction of walls, such as brick, wall and concrete blocks, are characterized by increased strength and a fairly long service life. However, they do not have a high level of thermal insulation, and therefore a significant part of the thermal energy simply evaporates through the walls. In order to prevent this undesirable process, the walls are insulated.

Insulation can be both internal and external. At the same time, the amount of material, the amount of work and the organization of the process inside the house are more profitable and cost less. At the same time, there are a number of serious arguments in favor of insulating the house from the outside.

External methods, which include wet facade insulation, require the presence of a so-called dew point - this is the zone where condensation is released under conditions of temperature changes both in the middle of the room and outside. If insulation is attached to the inside of a load-bearing wall, there is a high probability of condensation, which leads to increased humidity in the room. Therefore, this method of thermal insulation is less functional and even hazardous to health, since against the background of dampness, fungi and mold appear on the walls.

With external thermal insulation, the level of heat resistance or thermal inertia of the walls increases significantly. In other words, a building insulated from the outside retains heat for a longer time when the outside temperature drops significantly and warms up slowly in the summer heat.

When insulating a house externally, a wet facade eliminates all kinds of cold bridges, through which in most cases the main heat loss occurs when internal thermal insulation is installed.

What is a wet facade:technology features

The external method of insulating facades has its own classification. There are dry and wet technologies. The first option, in turn, includes prefabricated or suspended facades. The main material used in this technology is vinyl or metal siding. The wet facade system is considered more practical, highly efficient, economical and attractive in appearance.

Important! A distinctive feature of a wet façade is its multilayer nature, where each individual layer plays its own important role in the process of insulation and decoration. To fully realize the functions, preference should be given only to high-quality materials.

The use of the wet technique allows you to obtain not only good quality insulation, but also beautiful decor Houses. An important condition is the use of high-quality special solutions. The final stage is the process of applying plaster and painting - these are key components of the beautiful appearance of the building.

Wet façade technology involves creating a multi-layer cake on the outside. The layers are attached to the wall by applying special adhesive solutions, mastics and plaster, which are dissolved in ordinary water. Hence the name - wet facade. The work requires following a clear order of priority in applying layers: primer, adhesive mixture, thermal insulation boards, additional sizing, mesh reinforcement, plastering and painting.

Each phase involving the use of a wet method, be it gluing, plastering or painting, must be carried out at temperatures above +5 ° C. Not only the quality of work and the degree of thermal insulation, but also the service life of the decorative insulation depend on the sequence of work, materials and compliance with conditions. Otherwise, the facade will soon begin to crack and collapse.

Wet facade: pros and consexternal insulation technology

The wet insulation technology has a number of undeniable advantages and a certain number of disadvantages. The advantages include:

• high degree of decorativeness and attractiveness of the facade;
• lightness of the thermal insulation layer, which allows the technology to be used on buildings with weak foundations;
• reliable thermal insulation that retains heat in the house for a long time according to the principle of a thermos and eliminates the appearance of “cold bridges”;
• additional protection of the house from destructive atmospheric influences (moisture, freezing, wind);
• reliable sound and vibration insulation;
• durability (a façade made using wet technology can last up to 40 years);

• eliminates the appearance of condensation and, as a result, dampness in the house, which occurs thanks to the “breathable” external plaster;
• the cost of a wet facade is acceptable, especially in comparison with other methods of insulation;
• the technology does not “steal” useful space in the room.

Speaking about the advantages, we should also mention the disadvantages that this methodology has:

• work should be carried out under optimal temperature conditions outside (if the temperature is below +5 ° C, then it is almost impossible to achieve the desired result);
• each layer requires a certain time to dry, so unexpected precipitation can negatively affect the quality of insulation in the end;
• the ingress of dust and dirt during work also negatively affects the result, so the surface should be protected from the wind.

Helpful advice! Work on insulating a building with a wet facade cannot be carried out during rains. Therefore, it is better to plan installation for spring or summer, when there is much less rainfall.

Wet facade technology: step-by-step instructions

Based on the above advantages and disadvantages, the conclusion suggests itself that this technology allows you to create high-quality thermal insulation with minimal financial investment. Main principle– this is a clear step-by-step approach to applying all layers. The technology for performing the work includes three or four stages of forming a wet facade. The photos clearly demonstrate this. Each of the layers fulfills its functional purpose.

Layer of plaster	Main works	Function performed
Adhesive or preparatory	Preparing the base, installing fasteners and priming with glue	Determines the degree of reliability of fastening of the future structure
Thermal insulation	Fastening thermal insulation boards using glue and dowels	Provides the degree of insulation of building walls
Reinforcing	Includes installation of reinforcing mesh	Guarantees the strength and reliability of the structure and serves as the basis for the final finishing layer
Decorative	Application of decorative plaster in various ways and painting	Protects thermal insulation boards from atmospheric influences and ensures the external beauty of walls

All stages perform a number of important functions that ensure the overall reliability, strength and durability of the structure, so each of them requires a responsible approach and detailed study.

Wet facade: installation technologypreparatory stage

Before starting insulation work, care should be taken to prepare the basic foundation. For this purpose, the walls are thoroughly cleaned and all defects are eliminated. It is necessary to cover the cracks with mortar and level the surface. If the surface is heavily soiled, it is recommended to use detergents.

Next, the surface is tested for strength. To do this, small pieces of insulation are glued to the wall. If they hold securely and do not break into pieces, then you can begin installation. If they come off easily with top layer walls, then the cleaning should be done again.

After full preparation The walls are coated with a primer. And after drying - a layer of glue. If the surface of the house consists of a material with increased absorption, then the soil layer should be more solid. It's better to apply it twice. It is recommended to remove old plaster from window and door slopes in advance.

On preparatory stage care should be taken to install the profile strip. The base profile will help to evenly distribute the load from the insulation boards and protect the bottom row of insulation from moisture.

Helpful advice! A smooth process can be ensured special set for facade insulation, sold in hardware stores. The adhesive mixture for wet facades, Ceresite, has proven itself well.

The profile is mounted at a level of approximately 35-40 cm from the ground with a three-millimeter gap between the planks placed horizontally, in case expansion occurs under the influence of temperatures. The profile is attached directly to dowels or screws. Their number depends on the density and weight of the selected material for thermal insulation. Most often they are placed at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other.

Thermal insulation stage for a wet facade: sequence of work

Installation of the thermal insulation layer is one of the main stages, as it involves fastening the insulation boards. The process itself requires adherence to a clear sequence and compliance with a number of rules.

Applying glue to the surface of the slab. The adhesive solution is distributed along the perimeter of the material in a wide strip, departing approximately 3 cm from the edge. In the middle, the glue is distributed pointwise. The main thing is that more than 40% of the slab area is covered with the adhesive mixture. If lamella mats serve as the thermal insulation layer, then the adhesive solution must be applied over the entire surface.

Laying slabs. The wet facade insulation technology involves installing insulation “in a running start”, similar to brickwork. In this case, the tiles should be pressed tightly against each other and against the wall. Any glue that comes out must be removed immediately. The installation process occurs from the bottom up, starting from the base profile. You will need to wait 3-4 days for the glue to dry completely.

Fastening slabs with dowels. At the next stage, the thermal insulation layer should be additionally secured with dowels. Their length should be selected based on the thickness of the insulation layer, adhesive solution and the allowance for recess into the wall. If the density of the insulation for a wet facade is high, then 5 cm is enough for the recess margin; for porous materials this figure should reach 8-9 cm. For 1 m² of surface you will need from 7 to 15 dowels. Their number depends on the density of the insulating boards, the diameter of the fasteners and the height of the insulation.

Even before installing the dowel, a nest is prepared under it. If fastened correctly, the clamping bushings will be placed close to the insulation.

Wet facade: technologylaying the reinforcing layer

A reinforced base is necessary to ensure a reliable level of adhesion of decorative plaster on top of the insulation. For this purpose, a special mesh is attached to an adhesive base, recessed into the middle. Installation of the reinforcing layer begins at least two days after applying the heat-insulating layer.

Helpful advice! For strengthening, it is recommended to use alkali-resistant mesh made from fiberglass with a reliable coating. Otherwise, within a year the reinforcing layer will begin to deteriorate, and the plaster will simply crumble.

First, the mesh is attached to the corner slopes in the openings of windows and doors, as well as at the junction of vertical slopes and lintels. Then they move on to the corners of the building from the outside, and finally to the remaining areas.

Related article:

Selecting the type of insulation. Features of materials, their advantages and disadvantages. The main stages of insulation installation.

The process itself involves applying a layer of special glue. Then a special fiberglass reinforcing mesh is gradually carefully embedded into it. It is laid overlapping, which ensures the formation of a reliable reinforced base. Excess material is cut off. The total thickness of the reinforcing layer should be a maximum of 6 mm, while the mesh itself is located two millimeters from the surface of the insulation.

When creating a wet façade on buildings with increased loads or on basement floors, it is necessary to use a reinforced armored mesh that can withstand higher loads. It is the reinforcing layer that plays a big role in the strength of the entire structure. It ensures the wall's resistance to atmospheric and mechanical influences. It is equally important that the mesh resists the alkaline effects of aggressive components contained in the plaster solution.

Wet façade plaster:decorative layer application technology

The finishing layer plays a dual role, as it is responsible for the external attractiveness of the walls and at the same time serves as protection for the thermal insulation layer from external negative influences. In this case, the plaster must have a certain porosity in order to allow excess condensation to pass through, allowing the wall to “breathe”.

Decorative finishing is the final phase in the installation process performed using wet facade technology. Plaster begins to be applied only after completely dry reinforcing layer. To do this you will have to wait about a week. At the same time, in addition to high decorative qualities, the plastered surface must meet a number of requirements:

• have a high degree of vapor permeability;
• be resistant to atmospheric influences in the form of rain, snow, fog and other precipitation, as well as to the influence of direct sunlight;
• have high resistance to mechanical damage.

In order for the plaster to lay easily on the insulation, the plates must fit tightly to each other. The permissible error is maximum 3 mm. Otherwise, the next two layers will not be able to mask the flaws, which will affect the appearance of the entire structure. You will either have to apply a very thick layer of plaster, or put up with the unevenness. This fact indicates that it is necessary to select high-quality materials, as well as use a special plaster mixture for exterior work.

Helpful advice! The quality of work and the longevity of the plaster service are affected by compliance with the temperature regime. As in the case of fastening slabs, the working mixture should be applied at a temperature of at least +5 ° C. The maximum value is +30 °C, since excessive exposure to sunlight can negatively affect the quality of the plaster.

Variety of types of plaster finishing wet facade

The final stage in the complex of works to create a facade using the wet method is the application of a plaster layer. To organize a thermal insulation layer, a variety of decorative finishing techniques are used, the main ones will be discussed below.

Mineral plaster. The material is a binding mixture based on Portland cement. The main advantage of this type of coating is its high level of strength and vapor permeability. This type of finish is resistant to moisture, does not become damp or deteriorate. The next advantage is the affordable price. The disadvantages include narrow choice colors

Silicate plaster is a type of mineral plaster, as it contains. It is well suited for decorating aerated concrete and foam block walls, as well as for use as part of wet facade technology, since it has a high level of vapor permeability. However, it should be noted that before applying it, you will definitely need to cover the surface with a layer of a special primer.

Acrylic plaster basically contains resin in the form of an aqueous dispersion. The positive qualities of the material are elasticity and a high degree of adhesion in relation to different surfaces. To prevent cracking, acrylic is applied in a thin layer onto a reinforced fiberglass mesh treated with a sealant.

Silicone plaster has a number of unique properties; it is very flexible and viscous. Even if the building subsides, a wall coated with a silicone layer will not crack. This finish is available in a wide range color scheme and has self-cleaning properties. Thus, the wall itself will be cleaned of dust and dirt under the influence of precipitation.

The basis of a wet facade: materials for work

Having examined in detail all stages of the work, a novice master will be able to assess his strength in terms of independently installing a wet facade with insulation. If a positive decision is made, then care should be taken to have a full arsenal of materials and tools. The list below will take into account all the details. So, this technology requires the presence of basic materials:

1. Thermal insulation boards as a base material require a special approach in selection. You should calculate in advance the thickness of the slabs, on which the degree of thermal insulation depends, and study the characteristics of different insulation materials.
2. The base profile is selected taking into account the width and thickness of the selected thermal insulation boards. The quantity is calculated based on the size of the building.
3. The mesh for the wet facade, which serves to strengthen the entire structure, is most often a rolled material made of fiberglass. For buildings with heavy loads, more reliable meshes are used.
4. Wet facade adhesive is used to fix slabs. It is selected in accordance with the selected insulation.
5. Decorative plaster is applied to final stage. You can use ready-made formulations.

Helpful advice! When choosing materials for the manufacture of a wet facade, they are primarily guided by the qualities and features of the selected insulation. For example, mineral wool adhesive is not suitable for fixing foam boards and vice versa.

Additional materials for creating a wet facade with your own hands

The above list of materials is considered basic, but far from exhaustive. If you don't take care of purchasing complete set before making a wet facade, a number of inconveniences and difficulties may arise during the implementation of the project.

The primer is applied at the preparatory stage in order to ensure better adhesion of the slabs and the wall. The type of primer is selected in accordance with the type of decorative plaster.

The composition for plastering the protective and reinforced layers is applied directly to the insulation, although it is often confused with decorative plaster. These are different compositions - and this should be taken into account. One of the main differences is the higher price of finishing plaster.

The paint is intended for decorating walls and serves as a certain protection against atmospheric influences. Do not neglect this material and save on it.

A necessary component are mushroom-shaped dowels. It would seem like a trifle, but without them, reliable fixation of the slabs will not be ensured. Therefore, you should take care of purchasing them in advance.

Dowels for attaching the base are a separate element, very important even at the preparatory stage. The length of the dowel nails depends on the material of the wall where the profile is attached. During the installation of the base, you should also ensure that there are special elements for connection at bends and corners.

In order to purchase a complete set, manufacturers offer comprehensive systems, which already include all the necessary materials and tools for creating a wet facade. At the same time, not every set takes into account the individual needs of the owners, and therefore you need to be careful when purchasing such sets.

Tools necessary for insulating walls with a wet facade

The list of tools for performing work using wet facade technology should include almost the entire arsenal of an experienced builder and a number of special devices that will significantly facilitate and speed up the process. In particular, you will need:

• a square necessary for marking right angles and 45° angles;
• construction level, designed to determine the degree of deviation of parts from surfaces in the horizontal or vertical direction;
• tape measure for measuring the length and width of various materials;
• a plumber's hammer designed to work with different materials;
• saw with fine teeth for cutting foam materials;
• construction mixer for mixing dry construction mixtures of sand, plaster, glue, putty;
• rollers for priming at different stages and for painting the finishing layer of decorative plaster;
• Swiss trowels, used to coat the surface with various mixtures and smooth them;
• a trowel with teeth, used for gluing and fixing the reinforcing layer using the “sinking” method;

• a simple plastic trowel for applying putty and plaster compositions;
• trowel for convenient mixing of the solution;
• spatulas and trowels of various sizes;
• cutter for deepening dowels when attaching slabs to the wall;
• sealant gun.

Helpful advice! You should take care of purchasing tools at the preparatory stage. This list is maximum and extensive, but it is possible that additional tools may be needed during the work.

Insulation for wet facades: variety of materials and features of choice

Facade insulation materials are divided into two large groups – products made of expanded polystyrene and mineral wool. Foam materials are lightweight, quick to install and have a high level of thermal protection. The main disadvantage of the material is its flammability. Mineral wool for a wet facade costs an order of magnitude more, while being more reliable in its performance qualities. Plates made of this material do not burn and have a high level of vapor permeability.

The density of mineral wool for a wet facade must be at least 150 kg/m³, and the tensile strength must be at least 15 kPa. It is recommended to give preference in choosing slabs made of basalt fiber. As for polystyrene foam, for insulation work you should choose a special-purpose material with low flammability. Experts do not recommend using this in this area. extruded polystyrene foam, which has low vapor permeability characteristics and has weak adhesion to the adhesive solution.

Different types of insulation boards are used in different conditions. The choice is guided by the physical and chemical characteristics of the insulation, based on its specific purpose. Moreover, each group of insulation has its own classification.

Mineral wool under a wet facade: materials for manufacturing and their advantages

So, mineral wool slabs are ideally suited for finishing facades. This advantage is due to a number of specific positive characteristics:

• durability;

• fire resistance;
• excellent vapor permeability;
• high level of heat and sound insulation;
• resistance to chemical and biological substances;
• environmental friendliness;
• ease of installation.

In addition, certain types of wool, in particular products with phenolic binders, are characterized by a high level of moisture resistance. The most preferred are diabase or basalt wool slabs for wet facades. The price of such insulation is significantly higher than other analogues, but this is the case when they pay for quality.

Since the strength of mineral wool should start from 15 kPa, and the material itself should not react with the plaster, the use of fiberglass slabs in this area is impractical. This is due to the fact that such mineral wool is easily destroyed in an alkaline environment and does not have sufficient tensile strength.

Fiberglass boards will begin to crumble under the influence of alkalis contained in the base reinforced layer and adhesive solution. The pH level of these materials averages 12.5. The corresponding reaction does not begin immediately, but after a couple of years. Destruction occurs especially intensively under the influence of strong winds. Thus, very quickly a wet façade made of fiberglass slabs will become unusable.

Additional qualities as criteria for choosing mineral insulation for a wet facade

An important indicator in choosing thermal insulation boards is the moisture absorption coefficient. It is desirable that its level be at around 15%, since moisture absorbed into the material will lead to its inevitable deformation and negatively affect thermal conductivity. Boards with a high degree of moisture absorption do not provide the required level of solidity of the facade. As a result, such a design will not last more than two years.

Helpful advice! The mineral wool density of a wet facade should range from 150 to 180 kg/m³. Otherwise, the process of applying the finishing layer becomes more complicated and there is a risk of delamination of the entire thermal insulation coating of the facade.

The technology of a wet facade using mineral wool involves selecting slabs in such a way that the degree of vapor permeability from the first (preparatory) to the last (decorative) layer gradually increases. Compliance with this requirement will provide favorable conditions and prevent condensation in the middle of the structure. In the climatic conditions of Russia most of the time throughout the year temperature indicators inside houses is much higher than outside. Such conditions significantly increase the likelihood of condensation occurring.

Wet facade made of foam plastic: features of the material and requirements for its selection

A specific list positive qualities There is also another group of insulation materials, the main raw material in the production of which is polystyrene foam. It should be noted here:

• low cost;
• lightness of the material;
• high thermal and sound insulation;
• vapor permeability;
• environmental friendliness;
• ease of installation.

The list of disadvantages of foam plastic boards significantly exceeds similar characteristics mineral wool. The main disadvantage is the flammability of the material. In order to eliminate this shortcoming, manufacturers treat the insulation with special chemicals– flame retardants. Thus, even in the event of a fire, the spread of fire will be stopped, that is, the flame can go out on its own.

Fire safety is also ensured by special inserts made of non-combustible materials, in particular mineral wool. The use of this method led to the emergence of a separate combined material.

Other disadvantages of the material include a low degree of bioprotection. Insects and even rodents can live in the foam. Also, expanded polystyrene boards are more fragile, which creates certain problems during the installation process, and are less wear-resistant in operation.

Requirements for polystyrene foam boards for wet facades: price and quality

Before you buy material for a wet polystyrene foam facade, you should study its characteristics and compliance with all requirements. It must have a tensile strength of at least 100 kPa and have a density of 15 to 25 kg/m³.

Helpful advice! Selection of material in accordance with all requirements for it and its correct installation with strict adherence to the technology of installing a wet facade using insulation, its service life is guaranteed for 20-30 years. Repairs to the decorative layer will have to be done a little more often, but the costs will be significantly lower.

High-quality material can be determined even by external data. The insulation granules should fit as tightly as possible to each other and have approximately the same size. Otherwise, such foam will bring a maximum of problems, starting from the installation process and ending with direct operation. Low-quality coarse-grained material absorbs an increased amount of moisture, which, in turn, entails its deformation and leads to loss of thermal insulation qualities and premature destruction of the facade

The shape of thermal insulation boards made of polystyrene foam should be the same as that of a regular rectangle. The error is allowed no more than 2 mm per 1 m. Differences in the thickness of the insulation can be a maximum of 1 mm, and the deviation on the surface of the front plane should not exceed 0.5%. Otherwise, it is impossible to insulate the facade of the house without defects. A wet facade from the outside will have poor aesthetic characteristics, and its service life will be reduced several times.

Consumption of materials for arranging a wet facade: photos of private houses

As for other types construction work, the consumption of materials is approximately based on the required amount per 1 m² of finished wet facade. Insulating a house from the outside involves the following costs:

• primers will need approximately 250 milliliters per 1 m²;
• adhesive solution for fixing heat-insulating boards is used at the rate of 10 kg per 1 m²;
• the consumption of the insulation itself with a slab thickness of at least 5 cm corresponds to the insulated area;
• You will need about 5 dowels per 1 m² for fastening the slabs;
• mesh for a wet facade is consumed at the rate of 1.3 m² per 1 m²;
• plaster for the leveling layer should be purchased based on the needs of 0.3 kg per 1 m²;

• primer consumption for the finishing layer is approximately 0.3 kg per 1 m²;
• ready-made decorative plaster will need about 3 kg per 1 m².

In order to correctly calculate the required amount of materials, you need to follow the instructions on the material packages, or it is better to purchase ready-made kits. The Ceresit wet façade system has proven itself well in this market segment. The technology of facade insulation using mineral wool slabs involves the use of the Ceresit WM brand.

For insulation using foam plastic using wet facade technology, Ceresit is marked VWS. Thermal insulation boards are treated with an adhesive composition and mounted on the wall, with a special coating applied on top. protective layer with reinforced fiberglass mesh. The system of the appropriate brand contains all the necessary materials.

Price components for installing a wet façade per m2

The price of a finished wet facade includes the total cost of preparatory, installation and decorative work. The main costs are for materials based on their cost per 1 m² for a blank wall.

Important! The main component of the total cost of a wet facade is the price of insulation, which depends on its type, density and mineral additives.

total cost finished system represents the total price of the constituent components:

• adhesive mixture for attaching insulation;
• plaster mortar for the base;
• mixtures for decorative plaster;
• fiberglass mesh for reinforced layer;
• dowels and other fasteners;
• two types of primer;
• thermal insulation boards.

Off-the-shelf systems usually do not take into account the cost of additional and optional parts, various profiles and auxiliary fasteners. Also, not all manufacturers offer thermal insulation materials as a package. In this case, you should keep in mind the average cost of insulation. For example, the average price of mineral wool for a wet facade 10 cm thick is about 650 rubles. for 1 m². The cost of expanded polystyrene according to the same indicators – about 250 rub.

Thus, the price of a wet facade per m² with mineral wool slabs will be about 1,200 rubles. A thermal insulation system made of polystyrene foam will cost much less - about 750 rubles. for 1 m².

Arrangement of a wet facade: cost of work form² to order

The total costs of installing insulation and decorating it include payment for the services of craftsmen or contractors. This is the case if the work is not carried out independently. The total price ranges from 1000 to 2500 rubles per square meter. It all depends on the total scope of work, type of materials and method decorative design finished wall. The main components and average price of installing a wet facade are shown in the table below:

Type of work performed	Cost, rub./m²
Installation and dismantling of scaffolding for construction	130 – 150
Surface primer taking into account deep penetration	60 – 90
Attaching insulation with adhesive and leveling the wall	370 – 450
Installation of reinforcing layer with base plaster layer and flush sealing	330 – 370
Primer of the wall using quartz sand	65 – 75
Decorative plastering of various types	240 – 350
Decorating with stone on the façade plinth	870 – 920

The wide range of prices for wet plastering of facades is justified by the varying degrees of complexity of the decoration process. The list may also include additional work, for example, installation decorative elements. Their cost is calculated separately and depends on the complexity.

Additional factors affecting the cost of wet façade work

The above services and their cost are not constant. The list can be much longer, and the price increases due to additional costs. The final price per m² of a turnkey wet façade depends on a number of additional factors. In particular, you should consider:

• the original appearance and structure of the facade;

• the presence of flaws and damage;
• level of complexity of the work performed;
• the total number of openings for doors and windows, as well as their location;
• quality characteristics of materials and their quantity;
• total amount of work.

Helpful advice! The cost is calculated individually for each specific case. Sometimes, even with an identical list of work and the same processing area, the price can differ significantly.

Thus, the final cost includes additional costs. For example, labor-intensive work at high altitude will require the installation of auxiliary scaffolding. The cost of their rental depends on the height and period of use. It should also be taken into account that work at heights is much more expensive, as it requires special skills and the organization of insurance. The price formation is influenced by the costs associated with delivery and the features of individual facades.

Installation of a wet system will cost an order of magnitude cheaper than arrangement, but its further operation will cost more. Wet facade technology is usually used for insulating private houses, and ventilated facade technology is used for finishing larger buildings. Let's look at what this is connected with below.

Ventilated facades: pricedictated by quality

Speaking about the scope of application of the wet facade method, it is worth mentioning such a feature as limited resistance to the effects of temperature changes. Based on many years of research, the European Association of Plaster-type Thermal Insulation Systems has come to the conclusion that wet façade technology is not appropriate in all climatic conditions.

Even the most reliable and expensive materials and installation in compliance with all requirements do not provide a long-term guarantee of service in the inland climate of temperate latitudes, which prevails over a significant part of the territory of Russia. The scientists of the association took grapes, or rather not the plant itself, but its ripening cycle, as the starting point for using the wet façade system. That is, in an area where climatic conditions allow the ripening of at least one of its varieties, the use of technology is advisable.

In conditions of constant rain and high humidity, for example, in close proximity to the sea, the use of this technology is undesirable. This is due to the poor moisture resistance of this type of facade. If the wall is subject to frequent mechanical stress, then installing a wet facade is also not recommended.

Based on the listed contraindications, an alternative plaster-type facade technology was invented in the form of a suspended thermal insulation system with an air gap. In other words, a ventilated façade. What are the similarities, differences and advantages of this type of building insulation - we will look further.

Helpful advice! You can check the quality of thermal insulation under a ventilated and wet façade using a thermal imager. Warm colors in the photo show heat loss, and dark colors show the heat resistance of the walls.

Comparative characteristics of ventilated and wet facades: photos of houses and buildings

The hanging system differs from the plaster system in that when installing a wet facade, the plaster is applied directly to the thermal insulation layer. A ventilated facade involves installing a fiber cement facade panel at a certain distance from the insulation, which creates the necessary protection from precipitation. In addition, thanks to the protective screen, excess moisture that appears behind the facade panel can evaporate through the air opening.

Thus, the ventilated facade has an additional number of functions compared to the wet method and provides:

• additional protection against moisture, as well as sound insulation;
• highest degree of fire protection;
• coolness in the room in the summer, which allows you to save on air conditioning;
• elimination of defects on the wall in the form of unevenness and curvature;
• ease and speed of installation;
• wide choice of design options;
• additional thermal insulation, facilitated by the presence of an air cushion.

In addition, fiber cement coating does not require auxiliary maintenance and repair of the decorative layer after several years. Hanging structure can last without intervention for several decades.

When solving the dilemma of which façade to choose, you can be guided by the following recommendations. A wet facade is advisable when you need to minimize the cost of finishing a building and minimize the load on the walls. In this way, you can design perfectly smooth walls without meeting special requirements for the strength and wear resistance of the facade.

The hanging cladding, in turn, compensates for wall unevenness and helps hide any defects. Installation work ventilation façade can be carried out at any time of the year, even at negative temperatures.

Areas of application for wet facades and ventilated facades

The scope of application of ventilated facades is much wider. They are used for insulation of private houses, finishing of multi-storey new buildings and public buildings. They are most widely used for decorating shops, cafes, shopping and entertainment centers and other public and commercial institutions.

Important! Wet facades are used for thermal insulation of low-rise buildings and utility rooms, as well as if it is necessary to save on insulation. How a budget option This method is also applicable in the energy saving system of government institutions and public buildings.

Various materials are used in the cladding of ventilated facades, in particular:

• porcelain stoneware plates;
• aluminum and composite panels;
• fiber cement;
• laminate slabs produced under high pressure.

The main advantages of a porcelain stoneware facade are its durability, varied colors and high aesthetic characteristics. But such material is quite expensive. The price of aluminum composite panels is more affordable. The material itself is universal, and thanks to a wide range of colors and structures, it allows you to realize the wildest fantasies of the architect.

Fiber cement is a material that imitates stone and is resistant to moisture and sun. It is easy to install and open type fastenings It is most often used for cladding residential buildings. Laminate panels – new material, having different colors, textures, is resistant to weathering and fire, it is lightweight, durable and environmentally friendly. In addition, it costs less than porcelain stoneware analogues.

Wet facade technology using mineral wool: instructions, useful tips and secrets of the masters

If, after considering all possible insulation options, the choice was made in favor of a wet facade using mineral wool slabs, and it was decided to carry out the work independently, then it is necessary to take into account a number of secrets of the craftsmen.

It's worth starting with the choice of material. So, on the Internet and specialized literature you can find a recommendation regarding replacing mineral wool with fiberglass. This is a misconception, since over time, fiberglass slabs begin to sag under vibration influences, and so-called cold paths form in the insulating layer.

To achieve the maximum thermal insulation effect, it is worth taking care of insulating not only the facade, but also the floor and ceiling. In particular, this applies to apartments above unheated rooms or on upper floors.

Given that the right choice materials and strict adherence to instructions, the warranty service life of the facade can reach half a century. Additional protection for the finishing layer of plaster will be provided by coating with a special paint, which will also extend its service life. For this purpose, it is worth using water-dispersed paint with acrylic, silicone or silicate impurities. Its color variety includes more than a thousand shades.

Helpful advice! When painting, you should look into design and estimate documentation, where the original color of the building is indicated, the new shade must match it.

Conditions for successful insulation using wet facade installation technology: video recommendations

Insulation using wet technology must occur under conditions of complete protection from frost and precipitation. If the work does not require delay and its completion takes place in unfavorable conditions, then care should be taken to construct special scaffolding and cover it with a thick film, which will provide temporary protection from wind and moisture and create a small thermal contour.

Before starting work on the installation of a wet facade, it is necessary to tightly close all access to the interior of the room from windows and doors. All internal rough work in the house it is better to complete it before insulation begins. On the outside wall, you should place in advance a number of fasteners and brackets that will hold air conditioners, chambers, ebbs or drainpipes.

It is necessary to work with adhesive solutions in the shade or in high clouds, excluding as much as possible the exposure of the mixture to sunlight. The distance between the thermal insulation boards and the reinforcing mesh must be at least 2 mm, which is ensured by adhesive filling.

For the overall strength of a multilayer structure, each layer must be given several days to dry. Rush in this case is unacceptable. The performance characteristics of decorative plaster depend on the work conditions. Optimal conditions are temperatures above 5 °C, high cloudiness, dry, windless weather.

For plastering, it is necessary to select exclusively materials for external work that can fully withstand negative influences. The top plaster layer must have a high level of thermal conductivity and moisture resistance, be durable and resistant to mechanical, chemical and atmospheric influences.

House insulation wet facade: summarizing

The wet facade technology, although inferior in a number of operational characteristics to the ventilated facade, is a leader among existing methods insulation. Its advantages lie in the use of modern high-quality thermal insulation materials, the service life of some of which can reach half a century. Special external finishing with high aesthetic characteristics not only guarantees the external beauty of modern residential buildings, but also makes this technology acceptable in the restoration of architectural landmarks.

To achieve the highest results, you need to trust the work to certified companies, and also use high-quality materials from manufacturers that have proven themselves in the construction market. To prevent the occurrence of chemical reactions, it should be noted that the individual components must be compatible with each other. Each subsequent layer must have an increased level of vapor permeability compared to the previous one. Do not forget about the strength and density of materials and their compliance with fire and environmental requirements.

The design is designed to provide a high degree of sound protection in two directions (both from inside and outside the house). The quality of materials affects the longer service life of not only the insulating layer, but also the entire house, protecting the walls from precipitation and mechanical damage. The facade protects the main structure from the effects of wind, frost, pollution, ultraviolet radiation and humidity.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the use of various options for decorative plaster in the wet facade system, finishing elements and color design allows you to implement various style ideas on the outside of the building, which cannot be done using other insulation methods, for example, ventilated facade technology.

The load-bearing structures of buildings do not have the task of providing sufficient thermal protection of the premises. Brick, cinder block, wood, reinforced concrete panels or monolithic fencing elements do not meet the requirements for this parameter. Therefore, they need additional treatment with insulation.

This is one of the lightweight insulation methods that allows you to:

1. Give wall panels additional thermal protection.
2. Increase heat saving of premises.
3. Give the building a finished, attractive look.

Basic system for installing wall insulation using “wet facade” technology

The outer decorative layer is plaster, thanks to which the facades become attractive. Insulation of facades using the wet method involves the use of thermal insulation. The list of layers of the system from internal to external looks like this:

• the wall itself;
• adhesive composition;
• insulation;
• reinforced starting plaster layer;
• decorative finishing plaster for exterior use.

The main advantage of the technology is that the wet façade can be installed in any climatic zone. Disadvantage - work must be carried out at a temperature environment not less than +5 0 C and not more than +30 0.

During the cold period, the work site should be heated and hidden from the environment by a tent. This technology is called a wet facade because the binders are diluted with water and are wet at the time of application.

What insulation materials are used in wet facade systems?

Glass wool and mineral wool are strictly prohibited. This is due to the insufficient strength of these insulation materials. They are not able to withstand the weight of plaster. Because of this, they are prone to delamination. Polystyrene foam is also not included in the thermal insulation used.

Typical insulation materials for wet facades are polystyrene foam and basalt wool

When installing a wet facade with your own hands, you involuntarily ask the question “How thick should the insulation be?” The construction market is represented by a wide range of basalt wool of various thicknesses (from 2.5 to 20 cm). Among those offered, you need to choose the one that fully satisfies the requirements. If there is a project available, then this parameter must be indicated in it.

If work is carried out without design documentation, then the climatic conditions of the region must be taken into account. The indicator of the total heat transfer parameter can be found in reference books. The climate map of the Russian Federation, which is easy to find on the Internet, can serve as a help.

It is necessary to compare the resistance to heat transfer of the wall panel material with the indicated numbers on the map. The difference must be compensated with insulation. When calculating, you need to take into account the characteristics of the external plaster. You should not overestimate the performance of an insulated building. The balance of humidity and temperature must be maintained.

What else is needed besides insulation?

Full list necessary materials as follows:

• glue for attaching insulation to the wall;
• aluminum profile;
• dowels for fastening the profile;
• plastic dowels for fixing the insulation;
• insulation;
• primer;
• plaster reinforced mesh;
• dowels for fastening insulation and reinforced mesh (plastic);
• starting plaster (basic);
• finishing decorative plaster.

Tool kit for installing a wet façade

In addition, you will need the following equipment:

• hammer drill (for concrete, brick, reinforced concrete panels);
• drill (for wooden walls);
• screwdriver (for screwing in dowels);
• special spatula for applying glue;
• a set of spatulas for applying and smoothing plaster;
• containers for mixing construction mixtures;
• drill attachment for kneading;
• brushes for cleaning the wall surface before applying glue.

It is possible to carry out the work yourself, but this requires basic construction skills and a technological map for installing an insulated facade using the “wet method”. This is especially true for plastering work.

Wet façade insulation work in stages

Step-by-step instructions for wet facade technology are as follows:

1. Preparing the wall surface.

   

   Primer of insulated walls is an important stage in surface preparation

   This procedure involves cleaning the surface from any existing contaminants. In addition, it is necessary that it be level. The maximum difference per 1 m2 of area should not exceed 1 cm. Irregularities and sinks should be leveled with plaster. If the wall has areas with crumbling fragments, it is necessary to use a bonding primer. It is advisable to prime the entire surface. This will serve as additional protection for the wall.

2. Installation of the base profile.

   

   It will perform two functions: a level and a unit that takes the load of the upper insulation boards.

3. Applying glue.

   

   This procedure is performed with a special notched spatula. The adhesive composition is applied to the insulation boards, not to the wall.

4. Gluing.

   

   The procedure is performed from the bottom up along the belts. The slabs located above the base profile must rest on it. When gluing door and window openings, the slabs must be glued so that the corners of the openings are located within one solid slab. For this purpose, special cutouts are made in the insulation.

5. Fastening insulation boards with plastic dowels with a wide head.

   

   The work is performed after the glue has completely dried.

6. Applying a base plaster layer, 3-5 mm thick.

   

   The key stage of a wet facade is applying a plaster layer with reinforcement

7. Pad reinforced mesh. The work is carried out until the plaster sets. It is important that the mesh is recessed into the plaster layer.
8. Leveling with finishing plaster.
9. Painting.

   

   The final finishing stage is surface painting

Armed with knowledge, materials and necessary technical With the equipment you can begin work on installing the wet facade.

Heavy and light wet facades

There are two types of wet facades:

A heavy wet facade is used in seismic-resistant zones, as well as in cases where it is necessary to absorb thermal deformations that occur during temperature changes. Thanks to the design features, the plaster remains intact (does not crack).

But there are also disadvantages. This is due to the high cost compared to a light facade. This is due to the fact that the amount of used plaster can increase significantly, since the thickness of its layer can reach 20-40 mm. The reinforced mesh will also increase the cost, because it must be metal, in contrast to a lightweight wet facade, where polymer materials are used.

Another minus - heavy weight. If the building is dilapidated and needs to be reconstructed, then the use of a heavy facade without special strength calculations can lead to collapse. For most cases, a lightweight system is suitable. Moreover, now there are companies on the market that can comprehensively provide high-quality materials.

Wet facade Ceresit - a popular system

The Ceresit brand has developed a set of products for installing facades using wet technology. The complex includes all the components of the insulation cake:

• glue;
• heat insulators based on mineral wool or expanded polystyrene;
• plaster mixtures.

Those who decide to use the unified Ceresit wet facade system will not have to check the incompatibility components. All components were developed with this parameter in mind. Moreover, each component complements the functions of the other and compensates for its shortcomings.

Let's sum it up

Based on the foregoing, it is clear that wet facade technology remains the most reliable and the best way insulate the building. Having a description of the necessary actions, everyone will be able to independently carry out the work and make the house warm, cozy and beautiful in appearance.

It is known that if the rooms are cold, living in such a house is very uncomfortable, and sometimes impossible. Insulation is one of the tasks facing owners of residential buildings. Buildings without an insulating layer of external surfaces lose internal heat V winter time, which leads to additional heating costs.

To avoid the problem, finish external walls insulation, for this it is necessary to select and apply an insulation method. In this article we will talk about existing thermal insulation technologies, find out what a wet facade is, and show the advantages and disadvantages of this method.

How to keep warm

Without thermal insulation, both apartment and private houses lose up to 40 percent of heat per day. winter period. Correctly solving the issue of protecting load-bearing walls means saving on electricity and heating bills.

Ways to solve the problem:

• Well masonry is a wall built using a special method: the inner and outer rows are built of brick, and the space between them is filled with insulation.
• Ventilated facades are a structure of several layers: a heat insulator, a membrane (moisture-proof), air gap and decorative (finish) coating. With this method there is no need to level curved surfaces.
• Sandwich panels are a structure of three layers: two are made of steel, and insulation is laid between them.
• Translucent heat preservation technology - a system of several layers of glass, between which there is air. Most often used for administrative buildings.
• “Wet facades” - consist of a heat-insulating layer, reinforcing mesh, adhesive and primer layers for decorative finishing with plaster.

Today we will discuss in detail the wet plaster facade, what it consists of, and installation technology.

What is a wet (plaster) facade, its features

The facade is the first thing that guests and random passers-by see, and it is based on it that an opinion is formed about the owner of the house. There are many options for material and finishing installation methods. Very often, and this is fair, the choice is influenced by the ability to combine a decorative function with solving the problem of insulating a building.

The wet façade system received its name due to the fact that the compositions and solutions used in its creation are prepared using water. This design is designed to provide not only a presentable appearance of the building, but also to preserve thermal energy indoors.

There are several main types of thermal insulation materials:

• Mineral - mineral wool in the form of a slab, which has excellent thermal insulation characteristics. And mineral mass is used as a reinforcing layer. It is not recommended to use glass wool due to the fact that they are not as durable.
• Organic – Ceresit façade insulation systems (EIFS) use polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam with a density of up to 80 kg per cubic meter as protection. meter or foam. They are light in weight and thin in thickness, which makes the tiled walls more attractive. Ceresite has thermal insulation characteristics. The reinforcing coating is a mass of organic matter. For finishing, similar or silicone plasters are used.
• Combined - in this case, the insulation is polystyrene foam, and mineral materials are used for subsequent work.

Market building materials offers a huge range of thermal insulation products, both Russian and foreign. The domestic leader in the production of insulation is the TechnoNIKOL company, the foreign leader is Rockwool, Caparol.

Advantages and disadvantages

Wet plaster facade has its own characteristics and advantages:

• Attractive prices - the materials required to construct such a system are low in cost.
• Additional soundproofing function.
• Space saving interior spaces– all work to create an energy-saving coating is carried out on external surfaces.
• Possibility of restoration and repair work.

The wet plaster facade technology has the following advantages:

• The weight of solutions, insulation, etc. - they do not overload the walls. This technology can be used for light (SIP panels, OSB boards) and for walls that have served for a long time. Moreover, it is not required additional work to strengthen the foundation.
• The construction of a house facade does not require special space; it can be mounted on any type of wall.
• This thermal insulation method is the most effective with low material costs: the building is warm in winter and cool in hot weather.
• Excellent sound insulation properties.
• Durability - this design will last 30 years without requiring repairs. You can change the color of the decorative coating from time to time if you wish.
• With such insulating finishing, the service life of the building increases.
• When installing wet facades, you do not need to hire a team of specialists - all the work can be done with your own hands.
• Increasing energy efficiency results in money savings.

But, like any other cladding method, wet plaster of the facade has disadvantages. The most important disadvantage is the limitations in carrying out work on applying the finishing layer:

• You cannot install the cladding in frosty weather. Permissible temperature– no more than minus 5 degrees Celsius. If necessary, use additional funds. To do this, cover the working area with a special film and heat it with a heat gun, maintaining the desired mode inside the film until the applied solution dries completely.

• This method of insulation does not tolerate high humidity and prolonged precipitation. It is better to carry out installation in dry weather.
• It is necessary to provide protection from the wind - the appearance of dirt or dust will worsen the overall appearance of the building.
• It is not recommended to carry out installation in direct sunlight - the applied material may dry out. Favorable times for work are morning and evening, when the sun is not so intense.

Stages of thermal insulation work

As mentioned above, cladding technology involves several layers:

• Adhesive composition.
• Primer solution.
• Insulation.
• Strengthening (reinforcing) layer.
• Final (decorative) – plastering or other type of cladding.

The technological process of creating a facade is divided into stages: preparatory, constructive (installation) and decorative (finishing).

Preparatory stage

First of all, it is necessary to prepare the surface of the building on which the wet plaster facade will be mounted. To do this, the following actions are carried out:

• To remove old façade covering from walls, window and door slopes, you can use a shot blasting tool. If the thickness is impressive, use drilling machines or electric hammers. In small areas, use hand brushes (metal) or a chisel.
• If you need to delete old paint, this can be done by thermal firing or using a shot blasting tool.
• Further using compressed air cracks and potholes need to be cleared of loose particles. Then fill small cracks with putty, for example Terraco, and large cracks with cement mortar. If necessary, level the wall.
• After drying, remove excess mortar and sand.
• Apply primer to sanded walls.

When preparing wooden walls, it is necessary to treat them with antiseptic agents to repel bark beetles and to avoid the appearance of mold and fungi.

Installation stage

These works do not require special knowledge; just follow the step-by-step instructions.

Step 1. First, install the base profiles.

This is necessary in order to distribute the load of the insulating boards, and it will also help protect these boards from moisture. The base profile is installed at a height of 40 centimeters from the ground. For fastening, dowels and screws are used; the heavier the insulation, the greater the amount of fasteners required. The average step is from 10 to 15 cm. Special corner profiles are used to install the corner.

Step 2. Installing a heat insulator.

The heat insulation boards are attached to the adhesive mixture; for this you should not apply it to the entire surface. It is enough to distribute the composition along the perimeter of the slabs with an indentation of 3 centimeters from the edge and apply it pointwise in the middle. At least 40 percent of the total insulation area is covered with glue.

The insulator must be pressed tightly to the surface and to each other, the protruding glue is removed. After 3-4 days, the dried coating is additionally secured with dowels.

Do not leave polystyrene foam unprotected for a long time; try to complete the work in the shortest possible time.

Step 3. Installation of a strengthening (reinforcing) layer.

Apply an adhesive composition on top of the insulating material, and a reinforcing mesh on it. This must be done so that it is completely buried in the applied mixture. Then you need to apply another layer of glue - leveling and leave the structure until completely dry: from 3 to 7 days.

Decorative stage

This includes applying finishing plaster or another facing coating of your choice to the prepared wall of the house.

The choice of finishing coating must take into account the type of surface. Information can be found on the packaging or consult with specialists.

Types of decorative plaster:

• Acrylic – excellent adhesion to mineral coatings, resistant to deformation, elastic, with low moisture absorption. The disadvantage is that it is an indicator of vapor permeability; it cannot be used for finishing a heat insulator made of mineral wool.
• Mineral – durable, does not wear out, protects from moisture. Good vapor permeability. Used for polystyrene foam insulation.
• Silicate – high vapor permeability, do not attract dust, can be washed. It is plastic, this property protects the finishing layer from cracking. Used to cover thermal insulation made of mineral wool. The disadvantage is that this type of plaster is applied quickly, and this is possible with experience.
• Silicone – waterproof, elastic, with a long service life. High adhesion and vapor permeability make it universal: used for any heat insulator. There is a condition - only silicone primers must be used.

Do not interrupt the application of the decorating solution, otherwise the joints will be visible.

Watching the video means getting a small master class.

The wet method has gained popularity due to the minimal amount of cold bridges that can be found in other finishing methods. But this factor is not considered the main advantage of the method. By giving preference to a wet facade, you can forget that condensation, due to temperature fluctuations, will accumulate on the walls in the room. To understand how to make a wet facade with your own hands, you should familiarize yourself with the step-by-step installation technology.

Preparatory work

First of all, it is very important to correctly assess the base on which the technological layers will be applied.

1. The walls are cleaned of contaminants and tested for adhesive as well as load-bearing properties and characteristics.
2. If on the surface old decoration There are damaged areas, they are replaced. Uneven areas are leveled using a plaster compound.
3. The facade, the finishing material of which is absorbent material, must be carefully primed.
4. Remove old plaster from doors and slopes.

The next stage includes the installation and installation of the profile strip. As a result of the installation of this structure, there will be a uniform distribution of the load from the thermal insulation slabs installed next.

Another function of the design is considered to be protection from moisture of the lower row of thermal insulation slabs.

To perform profile fastenings, you must adhere to the following nuances.

• The profile is installed at a height of 0.4 m from the ground level. In this case, it is important to leave a small gap between the planks of 3 mm, located horizontally. This is necessary in case of thermal expansion.
• Dowels and self-tapping screws are used to fasten the profile. Their quantity is influenced by the mass of the thermal insulation material used. Often, one step is no more than 20 cm. To install the profile at the joints of the corners, you can use a corner profile.

The insulation for a wet facade is mineral wool or expanded polystyrene boards. The material is fixed with a special adhesive composition. You need to step back about 3 cm from the edge of the insulation (slab) and apply a wide strip of adhesive around the perimeter. The space in the middle of the slab is filled with glue pointwise. The exception is lamella mats, the surface of which is completely covered with an adhesive solution.

During the installation of a wet facade, builders use the running method of laying slabs. The slabs must be pressed not only against the wall surface, but also against the adjacent tiles. It is important to remove any glue that protrudes out quickly. The insulation is placed in rows, starting from the base profile, moving from the bottom row upward.

A few days later, after the adhesive composition has dried, the thermal insulation needs additional strengthening with the help of expansion dowels. In this case, the length of the dowels is taken into account, which depends on the thickness of the insulation, the adhesive solution and the coating that was previously on the facade.

Also, do not forget about deepening the dowels into the wall.

• Basically, for solid walls, the depth of the depth can vary between 5-6 cm. Porous walls require a depth of 9 cm.
• Taking into account the mass of the insulating layer, its thickness, the height of the slabs and the diameter of the insulation, you will need from 5 to 15 pieces per square meter of surface. dowels. Before attaching the dowel, a hole is drilled under it. The pressure bushings must be positioned flush to the insulation layer.

How to make a reinforcing layer

After attaching the thermal insulation, you can begin installing the reinforcing layer only after several days.

First of all, attention is paid to the corner bevels of windows and doors, as well as the joints of vertical bevels, taking into account the lintels. Also processed external corners structures, after which they begin to process the flat surface of the walls.

To understand how to make your own reinforcing layer, you can read the recommendations of specialists.

• An adhesive composition is applied to the heat-insulating layer, into which a special reinforcing mesh made of fiberglass is embedded.
• A covering layer of identical quality and composition is applied to the surface of the reinforcing mesh.
• The result should be a layer whose thickness does not exceed 6 mm. And the layer mesh must be at least 3 mm from the surface.

We do plastering at home

You need to wait until the reinforcing layer dries well. Drying time depends on the time of year and temperature. It is worth noting that facade plaster has moisture resistance, vapor permeability, and is also highly resistant to atmospheric changes and climatic conditions. But the quality of work is influenced by the conditions in which the work was performed. It is best to install a wet facade at a temperature that ranges from +6ºC to +32ºC. The presence of shade is also important. If the work is carried out on the sunny side, it can be created artificially.

You should not start installation even if strong wind, and during precipitation.

Nuances of arranging the basement

Regarding the basement floor, some installation features should be noted:

• Before starting work, it is necessary to waterproof the basement section of the wall, as well as the area adjacent to it.
• When choosing insulation, it is important to give preference to a material that has a reduced percentage of moisture permeability.
• Thermal insulation slabs are strengthened with dowels only at a certain height, which is equal to 0.3 m from the ground surface.
• For basement walls, it is important to perform reinforcement in two layers.
• The area around the walls and the ground floor itself should be covered with ceramic or special facade slabs, the basis of which is natural stone. An alternative could be mosaic plaster, or the facade can simply be painted.
• Finishing is carried out after the work on the insulation of the facade has been completed, the roof, windows and doors have been installed, the electrical cable has been installed, and the house has gone through the stage of complete shrinkage.

Video

Read the instructions for installing a plaster (wet) facade:

This video shows how to reinforce the corners of the decorative elements of a wet facade:

Photo