Nowadays, the furniture industry has gone far ahead, design ideas have been given full flight, as a result of which we can enjoy a variety of models and choose exactly what we like. But no matter what the design furniture, an integral part of it is furniture accessories. This nuance greatly affects the furniture characteristics. Affects not only durability and strength furniture, as well as her functionality. More and more new types are appearing, based on the latest technologies.
Furniture quality accessories directly affects its price.
Let's first define the concept of fittings.
Fittings are all metal and plastic parts that are an integral part furniture. They are made of plastic, metal, glass, wood or ceramics.
Conventionally, fittings can be divided into two types: fastening and functional.
You also need to remember about furniture edges and edge materials, which include edge glue, edge tapes and so on.
With the help of fastening accessories parts are fastened and secured. Fasteners include parts such as hinges various types, as well as guides.

What is a furniture hinge? A hinge is a device by which the door is attached to the frame of the product. The loop is one of the most important elements, it directly affects the reliable functioning of the door. They are made in brass and brass-plated, brass-plated for better glide and to avoid rust. They are very popular; they are also called cup-shaped. They may differ not only structurally, but also have different purposes and appearance.
The hinges also differ in the type of fastening. There are overhead, semi-overhead, inset and complex.

Overhead hinges- hinges in which the opening part is at an angle of 90° and closes the end of the supporting part.
Semi-overlay hinges used when two opposite hinges are installed on one part, but the part must still be under right angle and cover the end of the supporting part.
Inset loops are called hinges, the outer plane of which is in the same plane as the end of the supporting part, taking into account the need to open at an angle of 90°.
There is such a thing as furniture guides.

What are guides?

The system of drawers is called guides. They are divided into two types:

• for ordinary boxes made of wood and chipboard;
• boxes with design metal parts, such as backs or sides.

Ball and roller guides are very popular today.
Roller guides make the drawers easy to close and open, but only if installed correctly.

If your goal is smooth and silent closing and opening of drawers, then you need to use a variety of high-tech and completely different in complexity ball guides.

Metaboxes

For boxes economy class, perfect. Consist of four guides - left, right, side walls (left and right) box. This is very convenient, because during production it is enough to produce only back wall, bottom and front of the box of the required size.

Bottom not made from Chipboard 4 mm thick, and from laminated chipboard The thickness of which is 16 mm, giving it additional strength. With the help of an adjustable façade mount, we are able to install the drawer precisely in accordance with the contour of the furniture. Extension bars allow you to increase the height metabox to the required size. They are made of steel, most often their thickness is 1.2 mm, and the top is covered with enamel.
The rollers are made of high-strength plastic, which is designed for approximately 1000 openings. Metaboxes can withstand an average load of 10 to 20 kg. Used for both loose and overhead facades. Their degree of opening is ¾.

There is another mechanism - tandembox These are guides that do not require maintenance, are hidden from view, and can also withstand significant loads, up to 30 kg.

Furniture fasteners

Fasteners include screws, dowels, angles, self-tapping screws, ties, and so on.

Dowel- a simple and cheap part, during assembly allows you to quickly position parts and avoid displacement. The dowel is made from wood and changes its shape depending on storage conditions, which does not in the best possible way affects quality.

Screw coupler - consists of two or more elements, a “barrel” and a screw. The “barrel” is made entirely of either metal or plastic, with a nut inside. This screed is very strong and produces quite a lot of force. The disadvantage of this mount is that even the screw head closed with a plug does not make the appearance aesthetic.
This type of tie is not the easiest to assemble, since the screw must align exactly with the hole in the “barrel”, and this can only be ensured if the axes of the holes are mutually perpendicular. You can rotate the “barrel” in the desired direction using the slot located at the end.

This is a modernized “barrel” coupler, only the screw is replaced by a rod that screws into the body.

This also applies to fairly simple products. This is a strip of metal bent at an angle of 90 degrees, with a groove on one arm and a hole on the other. The parts are fastened with metal or plastic fittings having an internally threaded hole.
The advantages of this screed are that it is easy to install and does not require drilling holes. But this screed also has disadvantages, such as: during its manufacture, many defective parts are obtained, it is visible.

Euroscrew, euroscrew, confirmat or screw tie- This is a screw that is made of carbon steel. Confirmats differ in the type of coating; it can be brass plated, electro-galvanized or nickel plated. The thickness of the coating is approximately 5 mm. This is the most popular screed used by furniture makers; it gained such popularity due to the fact that it does not require any precision when adding.
More popular ones are the Euroscrew, the thread diameter of which is 7 mm and the length is 50-70 mm.
A high-quality screed does not allow the head or pin to move relative to the axis. A stronger connection will be made when using a tie with a larger thread point and a smaller pitch of turns, i.e. The tie works like a self-tapping screw, which allows for high-quality thread cutting without disturbing the structure of the slab. Furniture assembled on the basis of such a screed cannot be assembled more than 3 times, there is a possibility that the thread will break.

- This is an unobtrusive and very durable fitting. Furniture assembled using such accessories can be assembled more than once. This screed different manufacturers also has a name - rafixa, rondofixa. This screed requires precise measurements; the slightest discrepancy will lead to breakage.

Screw- This is a screw that, when screwed into wood, cuts a thread on its own. Screwing is carried out due to the thread, it is made on the screw shaft. The screw thread has larger step slicing Threads are cut either into parts of the screw or along its entire length. There are different sizes, it all depends on the application.
Self-tapping screws are similar in shape to screws, but differ structurally in the shape of the thread, slots and tip, and are made from high-quality materials. Due to this, they are used without drilling holes, which greatly simplifies the assembly of furniture.

Or shelf holders

Shelf supports- these are fittings that allow you to hold the shelf. The distance between the shelf supports should be approximately 50-60 mm. They are different types and it all depends on what type of shelves they are intended for fastening: for glass surfaces and chipboard, special shelf holders, decorative and hidden combined with ties.
Functional fittings- fasteners that carry a functional load. Provides interaction between product and person. This includes handles, wardrobe equipment, furniture supports, sliding systems, kitchen accessories.

This is a special item used to perform a short-term action, such as opening a window, cabinet, and so on.
There are handles: sink handles, bar handles, button handles, bracket handles, rail handles. Most often they are made of metal, but there are also those made of glass, ceramics and plastic.
or talk about " legs"

Exists accessories serving as a support.
These can be thrust bearings made of plastic, which are very popular in the furniture industry.

Or, they are used when assembling armchairs, extendable sofas, gurneys, medical furniture. They can be with or without a stopper. The main advantage of such supports is silent and soft rolling.

These are also supports that are visible in the final product. furniture production, come in completely different shapes and sizes, and are made of plastic, metal, and wood.

They will help solve the problem of uneven floors.

Stained glass is special kind monumental and decorative art. Interesting in itself, it acquires great expressiveness in combination with other types of fine arts, especially architecture. His past is rich, his prospects are limitless, his creative possibilities are inexhaustible. Stained glass windows are transparent paintings, drawings, patterns made of glass or on glass. They are usually installed in light openings such as windows, doors, and lanterns. Nowadays, due to the improvement of artistic glass processing, the concept of stained glass has also expanded. Stained glass refers to any decorative glass filling for windows and doorways, lanterns, lampshades, vaults, domes, solid wall planes and even special decorations artistic products. Stained glass windows in the form of ornamental compositions, patterns or paintings are made of clear or colored glass, with painting of individual parts or the entire plane of the glass with ceramic paints or without painting. Stained glass windows made from individual glass parts are reinforced with lead tape; monolithic glass does not require reinforcement. The purpose of stained glass is varied: they are a rich decorative decoration of buildings and individual rooms, replace window glass and door panels, transmit light and make it possible to isolate the premises of the first floors from prying eyes. Reflecting in their images the character and purpose of the structure and complementing its artistic image, stained glass windows play a significant role in interior design. Stained glass art has its origins in the distant past. Stained glass windows, which previously represented a set of colored glass, often served as a random decoration of the room; Over time, their composition, drawing, artistic glass processing and execution technique were improved. Stained glass windows became genuine works of art, an integral part of the strictly thought-out monumental and decorative decoration of buildings. Stained glass, which was used mainly in the decoration of churches and monasteries, is gradually penetrating residential and public buildings. The religious theme of stained glass windows is being replaced by a secular one, reflecting the modern trend in art, following the aesthetic requirements and spirit of the era. There are many stained glass windows created in the world by outstanding painters and skilled craftsmen. The name of the author or master often tells us the artistic value of a particular work of art. However, many wonderful stained glass windows were created by the hands of masters whose names remained unknown to us. An artist belongs to his era, but works of art often outgrow their era and become eternal. Similar stained glass masterpieces have been preserved in France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, England, the Netherlands, Czechoslovakia and other countries. The stained glass windows stored in the State Hermitage in St. Petersburg are worthy of attention. Stained glass windows benefit not only from bright sunlight, but also from the soft tones of sunset and sparkling evening lights. As for artificial lighting of stained glass windows, even with lamps daylight, it has been established that such lighting gives stained glass a frozen expression, it cannot cause that play of light and shadows, those light and color effects that it creates daylight, endlessly changing throughout the day and throughout the year. It is, of course, possible in some cases to use special installations with synchronously changing artificial lighting, but this already falls into the realm of expensive equipment and hardly justifiable effects. Stained glass is a glass picture, mosaic or carpet, whose colors never fade or fade. It is difficult to say when the first stained glass windows were created. In any case, there is no reason to claim that they appeared soon after the invention of glass. It is only known that a mosaic of small plates of colored glass was discovered in ancient Rome times of the empire (first century BC, beginning of AD) and in the temples of the first Christians. Windows of the St. Sophia Cathedral in Constantinople, which became the capital of Byzantium in 330 AD. e., were glazed with colored glass, apparently soon after the construction of the cathedral. According to some literary sources, it is known that during excavations of the cities of ancient Italy Pompeii and Herculaneum, which died in 79 AD. e. During the eruption of Vesuvius, colored glass mosaic floors, wall paintings and fragments of stained glass were discovered. According to other sources, only glass mosaic floors and walls, since there were few windows in the houses and mostly without glass. But the use of window glass is confirmed by pieces of frosted or, perhaps, opaque glass found during excavations. Colored window glazing was originally a glass mosaic inserted into the stone and wooden openings of the window tracery. Then a mosaic of colored glass appeared, cut and assembled in a lead frame in the form of a pattern, geometric or floral design. Such mosaics were assembled in a metal frame and installed in window openings. It is very likely that in large windows The colors used were intense and bright, while in the small windows they were pale and calm. Colored glazing gradually formed a special branch of decorative art and became equal among other branches and types of art. Over time, the requirements for glass mosaic designs have increased. We tried to shade colored glass by applying darker colors. The results were positive. The technique of coloring glass by firing was discovered in the 9th century. This new trick found widespread use. Thus, glass painting arose and developed at the end of the 10th century. With the development of glass painting, glass mosaic began to fade into the background, but it was not completely supplanted, but continued to exist in combination with glass painting. Lead and black paint were used to make stained glass with human figures.

Today designers are provided absolute freedom actions. Furniture manufacturers have stepped far forward, so now we enjoy a variety of models and choose our favorite furniture components. But design cannot be complete without furniture fittings, which affects specifications and product functionality.

Furniture fittings are all kinds of fasteners, handles, curtains, supports and decorative elements. They are made of metal, wood, plastic and other materials. Metal products are treated with special anti-corrosion agents to extend their service life. For luxury-class designs, the fittings can be gold-plated or silver-plated, as well as trimmed with rhinestones, crystal or natural stones. Conventionally, fittings can be classified by type.

Connecting fittings – connects and fixes parts together. This group includes one-piece, detachable and movable elements:

• Permanent connections include screws, ties, screws, nails, bolts, brackets, hooks, upholstery buttons of upholstered furniture. The tie can be eccentric or connecting. Galvanized steel is used for the eccentric tie and makes it durable. The corner tie does not require additional holes in the ends of the furniture. Threaded ties include a nut and a screw that create a strong connection. A wedge coupler is also used for quick connection. It is based on plates, wedges and staples. The ties are connected with traditional screws;
• Detachable connections ─ these are door handles, latches, shelf holders, magnetic devices, locks, bolts. To fasten detachable structures, screws and self-tapping screws are used;
• Movable ─ these are hinges, “rails” for parallel movement of the door, microlifts. Pneumatic mechanisms and ball-bearing guides take on the entire load.

For furniture made from chipboards, do not recommend using piano hinges that were used several decades ago. Today, manufacturers use four-joint designs called "frog". They can withstand a 10,000th door opening/closing cycle.

Detachable

Movable

One-piece

Rotating elements ─ these include carousel mechanisms, structures for moving tabletops apart, for directing the movement of products. For example, the shelf rotates along its axis and makes it easy to reach required item. Basically, furniture structures are built using guide systems, which are used to pull out elements. They can extend fully or partially. Thanks to special rollers, such systems operate smoothly and almost silently. They are made of steel, fluoroplastic or duralumin. If we consider the importance of fittings as a percentage of the cost of cabinet, soft and kitchen furniture, then we get the following results: in cabinet furniture, fittings account for 10-15% of the total cost of the product. For a kitchen, the importance of fittings is 25% of the cost of the set, and for upholstered furniture it is 30-40% of the cost of the product.

Rotary

Accessories for assembly ─ when purchasing furniture, you need to pay attention to the accessories and upholstery fabric, determine their quality and strength. And also on the assembly details of the product, which include furniture corners, confirmants, rafixes, minifixes and dowels:

• Furniture corners are simple, cheap and affordable types of connections. On construction market They are available in different sizes, made of plastic and metal. Corners are designed for fastening hinged parts in pencil cases and cabinets. They are easy to install, have a low price, but are noticeable, which slightly spoils the design of the structure;
• Confirmat is a furniture European screw, which received its name from the German manufacturer. A furniture screw tie, consisting of a steel rod with a blunt ring, a head and a massive thread, is capable of connecting several wooden elements. The confirmation is visible in the design, so it is masked with a plug. The most common are screws with dimensions of 7x50 mm or 6.3x50 mm;
• A dowel is a connecting element that is used for assembling wooden, plywood, and chipboard furniture parts. It is made from hardwood and has cylindrical shape, on which chamfers are applied. Today plastic dowels are also produced. They strengthen furniture connections with confirmat, minifix and rafix. Used with PVA glue as an independent fastening element;
• Minifix ─ is an eccentric coupler for furniture joints, consisting of two parts ─ a rod and an eccentric. Minifix has different design, which makes it possible to increase the length of the element and connect it at different angles. For installation, use a Ø15 mm cutter and drills, with which three holes are drilled. The fastening turns out to be complex and requires precise calculation;
• Rafix ─ is used in visible places to connect furniture parts of tabletops, side parts of furniture structures. It is installed on two holes, has an eccentric mechanism and a rod. Rafix has a beautiful aesthetic appearance, but it is not particularly durable.

Minifix

Minifix

Facades

In a furniture design, all visible parts that face the front or side plane are called facades. Their configuration and color determine the style of the furniture and set the tone for the entire room.

Main types of facades:

• Doors;
• Front walls of drawers;
• Horizontal and vertical decorative overlays;
• Furniture cornices.

The facade can be easily unfastened from the attachment fastening, replaced with a new one and adjusted in vertical, horizontal and inclined positions. Various circumstances lead to the replacement of facade elements ─ careless use, mechanical damage, outdated design, discoloration of the structure due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation. To make furniture with your own hands, they use solid ─ “blind” and prefabricated frame-paneled facade elements.

Most often used for the production of facades:

• Chipboard;
• MDF board;
• Natural wood (solid);
• Furniture board;
• Metal ( stainless steel, aluminum);
• Glass.

Budget furniture is made from laminated chipboard. MDF boards are used to make beautiful designs, finished with film, paneling or veneer.

Premium products include items made from natural wood. Today on the market there are modern facades from aluminum profile. It looks organically with glass, plastic, rattan and other materials. To fill the profiles, genuine leather, textile fibers, and polymer 3D photo printing are used.

Furniture board

Natural wood

Facade dimensions

The construction industry has introduced a wide range of facades to the market with various sizes. The size of the frame facade depends on the profile, and the dimensions of products made from MDF boards depend on the capabilities industrial equipment. For example, the minimum height of solid facades has a size of ─ 137-140 mm, a minimum width of ─ 296 mm, and a maximum height of ─ 988-1250 mm and a maximum width of ─ 596-1200 mm. And in frame-panelled facades, the minimum height is 562-573 mm, the minimum width is 296 mm, the maximum width is 596-896 mm and the maximum height is 980-1010 mm. When choosing a facade product, you need to pay attention to Beautiful design, the ability to fit into the interior of the room and performance characteristics materials.

Mechanisms

Designers and design engineers of furniture production are working on new and improving existing mechanisms for the kitchen, cabinet sets and upholstered products. Thanks to lifting systems, opening of façade elements occurs quietly and easily. They can be fixed at any height and in any position. Let's look at the main types of lifts.

• Folding ─ they are used for multi-tiered wall cabinets and double-leaf facades;
• Folding ─ mechanisms are installed on large blind facades of the upper tier, if the design contains overhanging artificial lighting and canopies;
• Vertical ─ raise façade elements upward on any tiers of the suspended structure;
• Rotary mechanisms ─ able to turn and stop solid facade when opening in any position;
• Mechanical ─ they help open the doors in the upper and lower positions;
• Gas elevators or gas lifts ensure smooth opening and closing of façade parts. Automatic gas lifts are not able to fix the opening of doors in a certain position. Gas lifts, the design of which includes step-by-step or frictional openings, have the ability to fix the door at any height. This mechanism is convenient for residents with short stature and high cabinets.

Folding

Rotary

Mechanical

Folding

Vertical

Types of retractable mechanisms:

• Roller guides are among the simplest and most cost-effective mechanisms. Steel runners slide in them using plastic or rubber-coated rollers. Their design reduces noise when furniture drawers are pulled out;
• Metaboxes are a roller system with two symmetrical metal sides that move along roller guides. They extend the product partially (3/4) or completely by 270-550 mm and withstand the maximum dynamic load up to 25 kg;
• Ball ─ telescopic guides, which are used by professional furniture makers in their work. The system allows the drawer to open completely and smoothly, it is durable, silent and wear-resistant;
• Tandemboxes are a retractable system that allows the drawer to open with a light hand press on the front.

The choice of a cabinet, chest of drawers, hallway, kitchen depends on the retractable system, since the drawers present in the design are in constant use. Buying upholstered furniture, Special attention You need to pay attention to the sofa and its transformation mechanism.

Types of sofa transformation mechanisms:

• Folding;
• Retractable;
• Unfolding.

Main types of construction:

• Eurobook is a durable mechanism with a long service life. Wide seats are not comfortable for short people;
• The book is simple and robust design, which easily converts a sofa into a sleeping place. It cannot be placed close to the wall, as it requires significant space to unfold;
• French folding bed ─ the system belongs to the guest type. To unfold it, you need to pull the bottom of the sofa and 3 soft elements will extend into the sleeping area. The mechanism is not adapted to frequent transformation. It suits small spaces;
• Roll-out sofa ─ the mechanism consists of two segments, which are located in the structure of the sofa. When the front lower part is extended, the vacated space is taken by the back cushion. The design is compact in size and allows you to get a comfortable place to sleep. But you need to make sure that the rollers do not scratch the floor;
• Accordion is a transformation mechanism that makes the place to sleep high and comfortable. When folded, it is compact, but it requires free space to unfold it. The system is supplemented with linen drawers;
• Dolphin ─ mechanism for corner sofa. By pulling a special strap, the hidden part of the structure is pulled out, which will complement the sofa seat to form a berth. It is comfortable and spacious;
• Click-clack is an analogue of the “book” mechanism. The difference is that the backrest can be in an intermediate version, which allows a person to be in a semi-lying state. The transformation mechanism requires free space near the wall.

Roll-out

Click-clack

Eurobook

French folding bed

Accordion

For internal filling

In the production of cabinet furniture, kitchen sets, wardrobes and other types of structures, first of all, attention is paid to their functionality. Today internal fillers furniture designs are comfortable and ergonomic. Types of internal filling for kitchen sets:

• Drainer;
• Tray for storing cutlery;
• Mesh basket;
• Rotating carousel;
• Lifting mechanism;
• Bottlemaker;
• Column;
• Bin.

The internal filling of the wardrobe is divided into three parts:

1. Main ─ hangers and shelves;
2. Upper ─ mezzanine for long-term storage of things and hats;
3. Bottom ─ pull-out compartments for storing documents, jewelry, as well as compartments for seasonal shoes.

In wardrobes maximum load on the shelves is designed for 70 kg and allows you to store household appliances. T-shirts, jeans, shirts are stored on pull-out shelves. For things that need to be stored on a hanger, a pantograph is installed.

It is attached to the back or sides of the shelf. The pantograph can be extended manually or using the control panel. Without furniture components assembly of structures is impossible. The proper, uninterrupted operation and aesthetic characteristics of the product depend on them.

The kitchen is an important room for every residential property owner. She acts as an avatar hearth and home, therefore it must certainly be attractive, cozy, and multifunctional. You should choose thoroughly and carefully not only the kitchen set, dinner table, equipment, but also various pens and other small items. Various fittings for kitchen furniture are available in numerous types, and modern elements are truly multifunctional, comfortable, and beautiful.

Many people are sure that kitchen furniture is just handles and hinges, but in fact it is represented by numerous small elements. Each of them has its own purpose and characteristics, so before purchasing these structures it is recommended to study their parameters.

Design fittings

This includes numerous facial decorative elements. They are attached with outside headset, so they are in a visible place. They are highly attractive and decorative, therefore they act as an additional decoration for the structure.

The design of the fittings should not only be beautiful, but also comfortable and ergonomic.

The main elements of such fittings include handles made from numerous materials. They may have different sizes, shapes, colors, and other parameters. This makes it possible to select the optimal handles for each headset that fit perfectly into the design. They must additionally be resistant to different influences found in the kitchen. Therefore, they should not deform or lose their appearance under the influence of high humidity.

Dampers

This device is designed to soften shocks when opening or closing the doors of various cabinets and drawers in the kitchen. If these elements are missing, then the furniture in the kitchen is subject to significant mechanical stress, which significantly reduces their service life.

Damping systems designed to soften shocks and pops perform many important functions:

• increase the service life of kitchen units;
• keep the appearance of the doors unchanged;
• provide high functionality of structures.

Dampers are installed directly on door hinges, which ensures the procedure for opening or closing doors is smooth and silent. Self-regulating dampers are considered the most optimal. This kitchen furniture set automatically adjusts to the dimensions of the facade, as well as its weight and speed of movement during the process of opening or closing it.

These products are produced in numerous varieties, differing appearance, design. By device there are:

• pneumatic pistons, and they begin to soften a couple of seconds before the door closes, for which the facade is paused, after which its movement slowly and silently continues until it is completely closed;
• gear mechanisms, due to which the door can be fixed in different places, and in any case closes softly, quickly and easily.

Typically, kitchen furniture is produced without these fittings, so the owners of the structures purchase them themselves to facilitate the process of using different drawers in the kitchen.

Guides

This fittings are represented by special rails. They are mounted on the side walls of various drawers and cabinets. Due to them, easy, fast movement of the roll-out elements of the kitchen set is ensured. Roller guides make it possible to quickly and smoothly, as well as easily and silently pull out and close different drawers.

The roller guide system is considered reliable and inexpensive. An alternative is ball guides. They are used if the boxes have significant weight and therefore must withstand a large load. Ball structures are mounted on boxes with significant width and depth.

Loops

Thanks to the hinges, it is possible to open the cabinet fronts in different sides. Not a single kitchen set is complete without these components. Drawers are used many times every day, so hinges must be durable, reliable and easy to use. Increasingly, not the standard hinges used several decades ago, but modern products are beginning to be used. They are made from high-strength material, so they last a long time.

Hinges are available in numerous designs and colors, so for each furniture set made in a specific style and color, the most suitable elements are selected. Depending on the design of the hinge, it is determined what the opening angle of the cabinet door will be. If such a significant angle is required, for example, in the presence of withdrawable systems, then it is advisable to purchase products that provide an opening angle exceeding 175 degrees.

Hinges may vary in the number of hinges present. If you use designs that have 15 or 17 hinges, they can not only open the door wide, but even move it if necessary.

Hinges are selected depending on what material the kitchen set itself is made of, so some are used for plastic, and others for chipboard. Installation can be done inside or outside, and thanks to the hinges, it is possible to quickly and easily remove the doors from the drawers and then hang them back.

Lifting mechanisms

Many manufacturers of kitchen sets equip them with special cabinets that open at different angles. For them, you need to use specialized fittings - lifting mechanisms.

They are created using:

• a special spring mechanism, but such a system cannot secure the sash open, although it is low in cost;
• pneumatic gas lift, which has a high price, but with its help the angle of lift of the sash can be easily adjusted, and it can also be fixed in different positions.

Such fittings are convenient, but considered expensive. There are plenty of photos of her below.

Metaboxes

These elements are created on the basis of roller guides, but have certain advantages compared to them. Their design has two guides that act as side walls drawer, and they are characterized by high strength. The main advantage of using metaboxes is their long term service, reliability, strength.

It is possible to adjust the fixation of the fronts and walls of the drawers, so an individual, most comfortable fit is selected for each drawer. Metaboxes are really easy to use and come in a variety of colors.

Railings

Presented as a special basis for various accessories and utensils in the kitchen. Are different simple device, since they are a hollow metal tube. It is mounted directly above the stove or countertop, as well as above other work surfaces.

After fastening, various small elements, such as towels and cutlery, potholders and other things, are hung on the railing. For this purpose, the structure has special small metal hooks. Railings are certainly equipped with special corner parts, plugs with an attractive appearance.

Modern sewing accessories: types and applications

There are no clothes without fasteners, as well as any decor or decorations. And in one word, all this is called sewing accessories, and only it makes our clothes complete.

Such fittings serve many purposes - first of all, to ensure that the components of clothing are held firmly in place, but at the same time, fittings attached in prominent places also serve as decoration. Therefore, sewing accessories can be divided into multifunctional and decorative, but now often one type flows into another - multifunctional accessories also have decorative functions, and decorative ones perform functional tasks.

For example, buttons have always been classified as functional accessories, but over time they have become bright, matte or shiny and at the same time began to serve as decorative accessories. And such items of decorative accessories as buttons and buckles cope not only with the purpose of decorating clothes, but also with the mission of fastening them. But there are also purely decorative accessories - for example, lace, acrylic rhinestones, beads or fringe. Such elements, which seem to have no practical significance, decorate clothing and give it a complete look - therefore, without them, those who want to have beautiful clothes there's no way around it.

There is such a piece of decorative fittings as braid. Made from cotton or linen threads, it is used by manufacturers of folklore or any natural clothing, has found its application in finishing linen and quite widely - for warm clothes and shoes.

Widely used zippers, hooks and snaps, as well as buttons and buckles are designed to create a unique piece with a personal touch. Now we are faced with accessories for sewing products that have only their own character. And if earlier its sound was quite aggressive, now all such fittings have acquired feminine lines, become soft and delicate. This delicacy especially affected the button fasteners, without which any modern clothing is generally impossible. There is such a variety of buttons as clamp buttons - they are very convenient to use for haberdashery items, as well as for shoes. But this type of fastener is very versatile, and is perfect for both summer clothes and outer, warm and winter clothes!

You cannot ignore such decorative elements as various beads made of plastic and metal, pendants or rings. But any sewing accessories in traditional or modern style must be of high quality first and foremost. It should not emit odor or release harmful chemicals. Moreover, the fittings must be resistant to discoloration and not subject to premature abrasion and stretching.