Automated control unit heating systems are a type of individual heating point and is designed to control the parameters of the coolant in the heating system depending on the outside air temperature and operating conditions of the buildings.

The unit consists of a correction pump, an electronic temperature controller that maintains a given temperature schedule, and differential pressure and flow regulators. Structurally, these are pipeline blocks mounted on a metal support frame, including a pump, control valves, elements of electric drives and automation, instrumentation, filters, and mud collectors.

The automated control unit contains regulating elements from Danfoss and a pump from Grundfoss. The control units are completed taking into account the recommendations of Danfoss specialists, who provide consulting services in the development of these units.

The node works as follows. When conditions arise when the temperature in the heating network exceeds the required one, the electronic controller turns on the pump, which adds as much cooled coolant from the return pipeline to the heating system as is necessary to maintain the set temperature. The hydraulic regulator, in turn, closes, reducing the supply of network water.

Operating mode automated control unit in winter, 24 hours a day, the temperature is maintained in accordance with the temperature schedule with correction based on the return water temperature.

At the customer's request, a temperature reduction mode in heated rooms can be provided at night, on weekends and holidays, which provides significant savings.

Reducing the air temperature in residential buildings at night by 2-3 °C does not worsen sanitary and hygienic conditions and at the same time provides savings of 4-5%. In industrial and administrative buildings, heat savings by lowering the temperature during non-working hours are achieved to an even greater extent. The temperature during non-working hours can be maintained at 10-12 °C. Total heat savings at automatic regulation can be up to 25% annual consumption. IN summer period the automated node is not working.

Energy saving is especially important because... It is through the implementation of energy-efficient measures that the consumer achieves maximum savings.

Range of heating system control units

	Q, Gcal/h	dpipe, mm
1	0,15	50
2	0,30	50
3	0,45	65
4	0,60	80
5	0,75	80
6	0,90	80
7	1,05	80
8	1,20	100
9	1,35	100
10	1,50	100

In any building, including a private house, there are several life support systems. One of them is the heating system. In private houses, different systems can be used, which are selected depending on the size of the building, the number of floors, climate conditions and other factors. In this material we will analyze in detail what a thermal heating unit is, how it works and where it is used. If you already have an elevator unit, then it will be useful for you to learn about the defects and how to eliminate them. This is what a modern elevator unit looks like. The unit shown here is electrically driven. There are also other types of this product.

In simple words, a heating unit is a complex of elements that serve to connect the heating network and heat consumers. Surely readers have a question whether it is possible to install this unit yourself. Yes, you can if you know how to read diagrams. We will look at them, and one scheme will be analyzed in detail.

Principle of operation

To understand how the node works, it is necessary to give an example. To do this, we will take a three-story house, since the elevator unit is used specifically in multi-storey buildings. The main part of the equipment that belongs to this system is located in basement. The diagram below will help us better understand the work. We see two pipelines:

1. The server.
2. Back.

Now you need to find on the diagram the thermal chamber through which water is sent to the basement. You can also notice shut-off valves, which must be installed at the entrance. The choice of fittings depends on the type of system. For the standard design, valves are used. But if we're talking about O complex system in a multi-storey building, then the craftsmen recommend using steel Ball Valves.

When connecting thermal elevator unit it is necessary to adhere to the norms. First of all, this concerns temperature conditions in boiler rooms. During operation, the following indicators are allowed:

• 150/70°C;
• 130/70°C;
• 95(90)/70°C.

When the liquid temperature is in the range of 70-95°C, it begins to be evenly distributed throughout the system due to the operation of the collector. If the temperature exceeds 95°C, the elevator unit begins to work to lower it, since hot water can damage equipment in the house, as well as shut-off valves. This is why this type of construction is used in multi-story buildings - it controls the temperature automatically.

Parsing the circuit

As you understand, the unit consists of filters, an elevator, a control measuring instruments and fittings. If you plan to install this system yourself, then it’s worth understanding the diagram. A suitable example there will be a high-rise building, in the basement of which there is always an elevator unit.

In the diagram, the system elements are marked with numbers:

1, 2 – these numbers indicate the supply and return pipelines that are installed in the heating plant.

3.4 – supply and return pipelines installed in the heating system of the building (in our case, this is a multi-storey building).

5 – elevator.

6 – this number indicates coarse filters, which are also known as mud filters.

7 – thermometers

8 – pressure gauges.

The standard composition of this heating system includes control devices, mud traps, elevators and valves. Depending on the design and purpose, additional elements may be added to the unit.

Interesting! Today in multi-storey and apartment buildings You can find elevator units that are equipped with an electric drive. This modernization is needed in order to adjust the nozzle diameter. Due to the electric drive, the thermal fluid can be adjusted.

It is worth saying that every year public utilities are becoming more expensive, this also applies to private houses. In this regard, system manufacturers provide them with devices aimed at saving energy. For example, now the circuit may contain flow and pressure regulators, circulation pumps, pipe protection and water purification elements, as well as automation aimed at maintaining a comfortable mode.

Also in modern systems a thermal energy metering unit can be installed. From the name you can understand that it is responsible for accounting for heat consumption in the house. If this device is missing, the savings will not be visible. Most owners of private houses and apartments strive to install meters for electricity and water, because they have to pay significantly less.

Unit characteristics and operating features

From the diagrams you can understand that the elevator in the system is needed to cool the overheated coolant. Some designs have an elevator, which can also heat water. This heating system is especially relevant in cold regions. The elevator in this system starts only when the cooled liquid is mixed with hot water coming from the supply pipe. Scheme. The number “1” indicates the supply line of the heating network. 2 is the return line of the network. The number “3” indicates the elevator, 4 – flow regulator, 5 – local heating system.

From this diagram you can understand that the unit significantly increases the efficiency of the entire heating system in the house. It works simultaneously as a circulation pump and mixer. As for the cost, the unit will be quite cheap, especially the option that operates without electricity.

But any system has its drawbacks, and this was no exception:

• Separate calculations are required for each element of the elevator.
• Compression drops should not exceed 0.8-2 bar.
• Lack of ability to control high temperature.

How does an elevator work?

IN Lately elevators appeared in the public utilities sector. Why did you choose this particular equipment? The answer is simple: elevators remain stable even when changes in hydraulic and thermal conditions occur in the networks. The elevator consists of several parts - a vacuum chamber, a jet device and a nozzle. You can also hear about “elevator piping” - we are talking about shut-off valves, as well as measuring instruments that allow you to maintain the normal operation of the entire system.

As mentioned above, elevators equipped with electric drives are used today. Due to the electric drive, the mechanism automatically controls the diameter of the nozzle, as a result, the temperature is maintained in the system. The use of such elevators helps reduce energy bills.

The design is equipped with a mechanism that rotates due to an electric drive. Older versions use a toothed roller. The mechanism is designed so that the throttle needle can be moved in longitudinal direction. In this way, the diameter of the nozzle changes, after which the coolant flow can be changed. Due to this mechanism, the consumption of network fluid can be reduced to a minimum or increased by 10-20%.

Possible faults

A common malfunction is mechanical failure of the elevator. This may occur due to an increase in the diameter of the nozzle, defects in shut-off valves, or clogged mud traps. It is quite simple to understand that the elevator is out of order - there are noticeable differences in the temperature of the coolant after and before passing through the elevator. If the temperature is low, the device is simply clogged. At large differences The elevator needs repair. In any case, when a malfunction occurs, diagnostics are required.

The elevator nozzle gets clogged quite often, especially in places where the water contains many additives. This element can be dismantled and cleaned. If the nozzle diameter has increased, adjustment or complete replacement of this element is necessary.

Other malfunctions include overheating of devices, leaks and other defects inherent in pipelines. As for the mud tank, the degree of its clogging can be determined by the readings of the pressure gauges. If the pressure increases after the mud filter, then the element needs to be checked.

We have many years of experience and a detailed understanding of the specifics of working with heating networks, including during major repairs, which gives us the opportunity to do the work quickly, efficiently and on time.

As part of the city's energy saving program, the company is engaged in the design, installation and commissioning of automated control units (ACU), which ensure thermal energy savings in the central heating system of houses. Within the framework of the city's energy saving program for major renovations, the Department of the City of Moscow recommends our company as an installer of automatic control units. When installing an automatic control unit, the company installs a factory-ready unit of its own production, which has a certificate from the State Standard of Russia, and we also use equipment of domestic and imported production.

The equipment we installed is located in all districts of Moscow. Our company fulfills full complex works related to the design, manufacture, installation, commissioning and repair of thermal power facilities of any complexity.

To date, we have produced, installed and launched more than 1680 automatic control units in Moscow and Moscow Oblast.

We are confident in the quality of our work and are ready, at your request, to arrange a tour of any of our facilities to choose from. You can also visit our production, meet our specialists and you will have no doubt about the professionalism of the company.

Our facilities have been visited more than once by high-ranking leaders of the city of Moscow.

Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin inspected two houses on Nakhimovsky Prospekt that were undergoing major renovations. Sergei Sobyanin went down to the basement of the house, where he examined the automated central heating control unit produced by our company. He highly appreciated the quality of the equipment manufactured and its performance.

Our company works with 106 management companies in Moscow and the surrounding Moscow region. Currently, the company has more than 800 management companies servicing it, and we are constantly working to conclude new agreements with management companies.

We design, complete, manufacture, install, commission and we serve.

1. Automated Control Units for Central Heating System (ACU Central Heating System)
2. Thermal Energy Metering Units (UTM)
3. TsTP, ITP, BTP
4. Dispatch systems

LLC "SSK" has its own production base, which is equipped with all the necessary mechanisms, special devices, and measuring instruments.

The company has 24/7 emergency service and provides a full range of warranty and post-warranty work on equipment for the entire period of cooperation. We have all the relevant documentation and all permits; employees constantly undergo specialized training.

Taking into account our well-coordinated work, a well-thought-out maintenance schedule and production capacity allow us to service up to 1000 objects monthly.

Our advantages

1. More than 8 years in the production market and Maintenance AUU,
2. More than 800 AOUs for service in Moscow,
3. Service partner of Danfoss, Grundfos, Wilo corporations,
4. We provide a 5-year warranty on products from Danfoss, Grundfos, Wilo,
5. Own production base,
6. Certified production and products,
7. 24-hour service and emergency team,
8. Minimum time for installation, adjustment and repair of equipment,
9. We service UUTE in Moscow (taking readings, repairs, installation, verification).

Our company is interested in long-term and mutually beneficial cooperation and partnerships.

• Errors during the implementation of an automatic node
• Additional requirements when putting the heating control unit into operation
• Effective use of an automated heating control unit

An automated control unit represents a set of equipment and devices designed to provide automatic adjustment temperature and coolant flow, which is carried out at the input of each building in accordance with the temperature schedule required for an individual building. Adjustments can also be made according to the needs of the residents.

Water heater piping unit.

Among the advantages of the ACU, when compared with elevator and thermal units that have a fixed cross-section of the passage opening, is the possibility of varying the amount of coolant, which depends on the temperature of the water in the return and supply pipelines.

An automated control unit is usually installed alone for the entire building, which distinguishes it from an elevator unit, which is mounted on each section of the house.

In this case, the installation is carried out after the unit that takes into account the thermal energy of the system.

Image 1. Schematic diagram of an ACU with mixing pumps on a jumper for temperatures up to ACU t = 150-70 ˚C with one- and two-pipe heating systems with thermostats (P1 – P2 ≥ 12 m water column).

The automated control unit is represented by a diagram illustrated in PICTURE 1. The diagram provides: an electronic unit (1), which is represented by a control panel; outdoor temperature level sensor (2); temperature sensors in the coolant in the return and supply pipelines (3); valve for regulating flow, equipped with a gear drive (4); valve for adjusting the differential pressure (5); filter (6); circulation pump (7); check valve (8).

As the diagram shows, the control unit fundamentally consists of 3 parts: network, circulation and electronic.

The network part of the ACU includes a coolant flow regulator valve with a gear drive, a differential pressure regulator valve with a spring control element and a filter.

The circulation part of the control unit includes a mixing pump with a check valve. A pair of pumps are used for mixing. In this case, pumps must be used that satisfy the requirements of the automatic unit: they must operate alternately with a cycle of 6 hours. Their operation should be monitored by a signal from a sensor that is responsible for the pressure difference (the sensor is installed on the pumps).

Advantages and principle of operation of the automatic unit

Heating and hot water control unit for open circuit.

The electronic part of the control unit includes an electronic unit or the so-called control panel. It is designed to provide automatic control of pumping and thermal mechanical equipment to maintain the required temperature schedule. With its help, the hydraulic schedule is maintained, which should form the basis of the heating system of the entire building.

The electronic part also contains an ECL card, which is intended for programming the controller, the latter is responsible for the thermal mode. The system also includes an outdoor temperature sensor, which is installed on the northern façade of the building. Among other things, there are temperature sensors for the coolant itself in the return and supply pipelines.

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Control unit for heating and hot water supply according to an independent heating circuit and hot water supply control unit according to a closed circuit.

Errors can occur even at the time of planning and subsequent organization of work on the implementation of a heating system. Certain mistakes are often made when choosing a technical solution. You should not miss the rules for installing an individual heating point. Ultimately, at the time of installation of the heating control unit, duplication of the functionality of the equipment that is installed in the central heating center may occur; this, in turn, contradicts the rules for operating heating installations. Thus, installing heating control units with a balancing valve can lead to high hydraulic resistance in the system, which will entail the need to replace or reconstruct thermal and mechanical equipment.

Non-comprehensive installation of heating control units can also be called a mistake, which will certainly disrupt the established thermal and hydraulic balance in intra-block networks. This will cause deterioration in the heating system of almost every connected building. It is necessary to make thermal adjustments during operation heating equipment.

Often errors occur during the input of the heating control unit at the design stage. This is due to the lack of working designs, the use of a standard design, devoid of calculations, linking and selection of equipment to certain conditions. The consequence is a violation of heat supply regimes.

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Heating and hot water control unit according to an independent circuit.

The selected installation diagrams for heating control units may not correspond to the required ones, which negatively affects the heat supply. It also happens that at the time of commissioning the system, the technical conditions used do not correspond to the real parameters. This may lead to the wrong choice of node layout.

At the time of commissioning the automation unit, it should be taken into account that the heating system may have previously undergone major repairs and reconstruction, during which the circuit could have been changed from a single-pipe to a two-pipe. Problems may arise when the calculation of a unit is made for a system that existed before reconstruction.

The system commissioning process should be carried out outside of winter so that the system can be launched in a timely manner.

Scheme of an automated control unit for the heating system (AHU) of a house.

It should be remembered that air temperature sensors must be mounted on the north side, which is necessary for correct temperature setting; in this case, solar radiation will not be able to affect the heating of the sensor.

During the commissioning process, backup power to the node must be provided, which will help avoid stopping the central heating system during a power outage. It is necessary to make adjustments and adjustment work, as well as noise reduction measures, maintenance of the unit must take place. It should be noted that failure to comply with one or more rules may lead to the system not warming up, and the lack of muffling equipment will lead to uncomfortable noise.

The implementation of a control unit must be accompanied by verification of issued technical specifications, they must correspond to actual data. And technical supervision must be carried out at each stage of work. After all work on the system has been completed, maintenance of the unit should begin, which is carried out by a specialized organization. Otherwise, downtime of expensive equipment of an automated unit or its unqualified maintenance may lead to failure and other negative consequences, including loss of technical documentation.

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An example of a diagram of a control unit for heating systems and heat supply installations.

The use of the unit will be most effective in cases where the house has subscribed elevator units of heating systems that are directly connected to the city heat main networks. Such use will also be effective in the conditions of end houses connected to central heating stations, where there are insufficient pressure drops in the central heating system with the obligatory installation of central heating pumps.

The effectiveness of use is also noted in houses that are equipped gas water heaters and central heating, such buildings may also have decentralized hot water supply.

It is recommended to install automated units comprehensively, covering all non-residential and residential buildings, which were connected to the central heating point. Installation and delivery, as well as subsequent acceptance into operation of the entire system and associated equipment of the unit must be carried out simultaneously.

It should be noted that with the installation of an automated unit, the following measures will be effective:

1. Converting the central heating station, which has a dependent connection scheme for individual heating systems, to one that will be independent. In this case, installing an expansion valve will also be effective. membrane tank at the heating point.
2. Installation in a central heating substation, which is characterized by a dependent circuit for connecting equipment similar to an automated control unit.
3. Carrying out the adjustment of intra-block central heating networks with the installation of throttle diaphragms and design nozzles at the input and distribution nodes.
4. Converting dead-end hot water systems to circulation circuits.

https://youtu.be/M9jHsTv2A0Q

The operation of exemplary automated units has shown that the use of automatic control units together with balancing valves, thermostatic valves and the implementation of insulation measures can save up to 37% of thermal energy, providing comfortable conditions for living in each of the premises.

1poteply.ru

Installation of automatic control units

Installation of an automated control unit (ACU) of a central heating system allows you to provide:

Monitoring the implementation of the required temperature schedule of both supply and return coolant depending on the outside air temperature (preventing the building from overheating);

The function of rough cleaning of the coolant supplied to the heating system;

From all of the above it follows that the main motivation for application of ACU For a central heating system, there is, first of all, a technical need to ensure the functioning of a modern energy-efficient heating system equipped with thermostats and balancing valves.

The use of thermostats and automatic balancing valves causes a significant difference between modern systems and previously used unregulated heating systems.

Variable hydraulic operating mode of the heating system, associated with the dynamics of the thermostatic valves.

Installation of automatic balancing valves on central heating system risers

For stable operation of the heating system in all operating modes (and not just in design conditions at -28? C), it is necessary to use automatic balancing valves.

Automatic balancing valves are designed, first of all, to create favorable hydraulic conditions for the efficient operation of thermostats.

Automatic balancing valves also provide:

Hydraulic balancing (linking) of individual rings of the heating system, i.e. distribute the required (design) coolant flow evenly along the risers of the heating system;

Dividing the heating system into hydraulic zones that do not affect the operation of each other;

Elimination of the phenomenon of excessive consumption of coolant along the risers of the heating system;

Significant simplification of work on setting up (readjusting) the heating system;

They stabilize the dynamic operating mode of the heating system due to the response of radiator thermostats to changes in temperature inside the living space.

Installation of radiator thermostats on heating devices

Individual quantitative regulation of thermal energy can be realized by using thermostats on heating devices.

Radiator thermostats are means of individually regulating air temperature in heated rooms, maintaining it at a constant level set by the consumer himself.

Thermostats allow:

Use the free amount of excess heat from people, household appliances, solar radiation etc., using them as much as possible for space heating and thereby saving thermal energy and funds to pay for it;

Ensure a comfortable temperature in the room, ensuring the most comfortable living conditions;

Eliminate room temperature regulation by open windows, thereby maximizing the conservation of thermal energy indoors and reducing consumption hot water to the heating system.

With this integrated approach to automating the central heating system, the following is achieved:

Maximum heat savings;

High level of living comfort;

Interaction of all elements of the system;

Automated control unit (AUU)

Until now, an elevator coolant mixing unit was used at the entrance to the building. This elementary device is suitable only for heating systems in which the task of energy saving was not set.

The main principles distinctive features modern energy-saving systems are:

Increased hydraulic resistance of the heating system compared to older systems;

Variable hydraulic operating mode of the heating system, associated with the dynamics of the thermostatic valves;

Increased requirements for maintaining the design pressure drop.

As a consequence, the use of elevator units in such systems in any of them design becomes impossible because:

The elevator is not able to overcome the increased hydraulic resistance of the heating system;

The presence of elevator units in a heating system with thermostatic valves leads to overheating of the risers during the warm period of the heating season and their cooling during periods of significant cooling;

The elevator, as a device with a constant mixing coefficient, does not prevent the danger of overestimating the temperature of the return coolant that occurs when the thermostats operate, and ensure the maintenance of the temperature schedule.

The above-mentioned technical disadvantages of using an elevator indicate the need to replace it with automated control units (ACU), which provide:

Pump circulation of coolant in the heating system;

Monitoring compliance with the required temperature schedule of both supply and return coolant (prevention of overheating and overcooling of buildings);

Maintaining a constant pressure drop at the entrance to the building, which ensures that the automatic heating system operates in the design mode;

The function of rough cleaning of the coolant supplied to the system in operating mode and cleaning of the coolant when the system is filled;

Visual control parameters of temperature, pressure and pressure drop of the coolant at the inlet and outlet of the ACU;

Possibility of remote monitoring of coolant parameters and operating modes of main equipment, including alarms.

From all of the above, it follows that the main motivation for the use of automated control units is, first of all, the technical need to ensure the functioning of a modern energy-efficient heating system equipped with thermostats and other control devices.

Ready project bindings, depending on further ownership of the operation, are agreed upon by the heat supply organization.

The automated control unit consists of:

Pump with variable frequency drive;

Shut-off valves (ball valves);

Control valves (electrically driven valve);

Hydraulic pressure regulators direct action(pressure difference or “to yourself”);

Pipeline fittings (filters, check valves);

Instrumentation devices (pressure gauges, thermometers);

Outdoor temperature sensors and internal air and differential pressure switch;

Control panel with built-in controller.

Local regulation

High-quality local automatic control of coolant parameters for a heating system can only be carried out if there is an electric circulation pump in its circuit.

Digital electronic controllers of the series are used for regulation. These controllers, based on the relationship between the readings of the coolant temperature sensors and the outside air, control the motor control valves through which the coolant is supplied from the heating system.

The ACU has a large range of actuators - globe and three-way control valves, which are driven by electric drives.

Actuators differ in power and speed of movement of the rod, and the presence of a return spring that closes or opens the valve when the power supply disappears. In order to stabilize the hydraulic regimes of external heating networks and to ensure the operation of actuators in the optimal pressure range, a differential pressure regulator is installed at the entrance to the building, or a pressure regulator is installed “upstream” on the return pipeline.

Automatic balancing valves

Automatic balancing valves of this type are installed on risers or horizontal branches of two-pipe heating systems in order to stabilize the pressure drop in them at the level required for optimal operation of automatic radiator thermostats. Balancing valves for two-pipe heating systems used during major renovations of apartment buildings are a constant pressure differential regulator, the control membrane of which is supplied with a positive pressure pulse from the supply riser of the heating system through the impulse tube and a negative pulse from the return riser through the internal channels of the valve.

The impulse tube is connected to the supply riser through a shut-off valve or a shut-off and balancing valve. The balancing valve is reconfigurable. It can support differential pressures in the ranges of 0.05-0.25 or 0.2-0.4 bar.

The valve is adjusted to the pressure drop adopted in the design by rotating its spindle a certain number of revolutions from the closed position. The valve is also a shut-off valve.

In addition, valves DN = 15–40 mm have a drain valve for draining the heating system riser.

Automatic balancing valves type AB-QM are installed on risers or horizontal branches of single-pipe heating systems in order to maintain a constant coolant flow in them.

The AB-QM balancing valves are adjusted by turning the ring intended for this purpose until the mark on it aligns with the number on the scale indicating the percentage (%) of the maximum flow rate according to the line of the table.

Radiator thermostats

Thermostats used in major home renovations are a combination of two parts: a control valve, type RTD-N or RTD-G, and an automatic thermostatic element, usually RTD.

Design and principle of operation of the thermostatic element

The thermocouple is the main automatic control device. Inside the RTD type thermoelement there is a closed corrugated container - a bellows, which is connected through the thermoelement rod to the spool of the control valve.

The bellows is filled with a gaseous substance that changes its state of aggregation under the influence of changes in air temperature in the room. As the air temperature decreases, the gas in the bellows begins to condense, the volume and pressure of the gaseous component decrease, the bellows stretches (see design features in Fig. 3), moving the valve stem and spool towards opening. The amount of water passing through heating device, increases, the air temperature rises. When the air temperature begins to exceed a predetermined value, the liquid medium evaporates, the volume of gas and its pressure increase, the bellows compresses, moving the rod with the spool towards closing the valve.

Radiator thermostat valves for two-pipe heating systems

The RTD-N valve is a valve of increased hydraulic resistance with pre-installation adjustment of its maximum flow capacity. Valves are applied nominal diameter from 10 to 25 mm, straight and angular, nickel-plated.

Main technical characteristics of RTD-N valves:

Radiator thermostat valves for single-pipe heating systems RTD-G - a valve of reduced hydraulic resistance without a device to limit its capacity. The valves are used with a nominal diameter of 15 to 25 mm with a nickel-plated body. They also come in straight and angular shapes.

The main technical characteristics of RTD-G valves are given below:

Installation and adjustment of automated heating systems

Automated systems heating systems do not require complex instrument setup. All adjustment of systems carried out in accordance with the project comes down to the following:

1. Setting the presets of the valves of radiator thermostats to the throughput values ​​calculated and specified in the project (setting indices). The adjustment is made without the use of any tools by turning the tuning crown until the digital index on it aligns with the mark drilled on the valve body. The setting is hidden from outside interference under a thermostatic element installed on the valve.

2. Setting up the automatic balancing valve ASV-PV in two-pipe system heating to the required pressure drop. When shipped from the factory, the ASV-PV is set to a differential pressure of 10 kPa. A hex key is used for adjustment. The valve must first be fully opened by rotating its handle counterclockwise. Then insert the key into the hole of the rod and rotate it clockwise until it stops, after which the key is again turned counterclockwise by the number of turns corresponding to the required adjustable pressure difference. Thus, to adjust the ASV-PV valve with a setting range of 0.05–0.25 bar to a pressure difference of 15 kPa, the key must be turned 10 turns, and to adjust to 20 kPa - 5 turns. 3. Setting the automatic balancing valve AB-QM in single pipe system heating at the calculated flow rate through the riser. The adjustment is made by manually turning the adjustment ring of the AB-QM valve until the flow value, expressed as a percentage (%) of the maximum flow through the valve of the accepted diameter, aligns with the red mark on the valve neck.

Setting the thermostat to the required temperature

In order for the thermostat to be ready for operation, a thermostatic head must be installed on it. All you need to do is set the desired heating level on the thermostatic head. After this, the thermostat will independently maintain the set temperature in the room, increasing or decreasing the flow of hot water through the heating device. You can also set any intermediate temperature value.

This way, you can set each room to its own temperature, regardless of the temperature in other rooms. For reliable and accurate operation, do not block the thermostat with furniture or curtains to ensure constant air flow.

The thermostat does not require maintenance, is not sensitive to the composition and temperature of the water, and its performance is not affected by breaks in heating season.

teploobmenniki64.ru

Automated control units for engineering systems: what you need to know when planning a major overhaul of apartment buildings

We will help you understand the concepts associated with control units for heating and hot water systems, as well as the conditions and methods of using these units. After all, inaccuracy of terminology can lead to confusion in determining, for example, the permitted type of work during the overhaul of a multi-unit building.

The equipment of the control unit reduces the consumption of thermal energy to the standard level when it enters the MKD in an increased volume. A common terminology must correctly reflect the functional load that such equipment carries. There is no desired unity yet. And misunderstandings arise, for example, when replacing a unit of an outdated design with a modern automated one is called unit modernization. In this case, the outdated unit will not be improved, that is, not modernized, but simply replaced with a new one. Replacement and modernization are independent types of work.

Let's figure out what it is - an automated control unit.

• Development of communal infrastructure: measure seven times...

What types of control units are there for heating and water supply systems?

Control units for any type of energy or resource include equipment that directs this energy (or resource) to consumers and, if necessary, regulates its parameters. Even a collector in a house can be classified as a thermal energy control unit, receiving coolant with the parameters necessary for the heating system and directing it to various branches of this system.

In MKDs connected to a heating network with high coolant parameters (water superheated to 150 °C), elevator units and automated control units can be installed. DHW parameters can also be adjusted.

In the elevator unit, the coolant parameters (temperature and pressure) are reduced to the specified values, that is, one of the main control functions is carried out - regulation.

In the automated control unit, automation with feedback regulates the parameters of the coolant, ensuring the desired air temperature in the room, regardless of outside temperature air, and maintains the required pressure difference in the supply and return pipelines.

Automated heating system control units (AHU SO) can be of two types.

In the AUU of the first type, the coolant temperature is brought to the specified values ​​by mixing water from the supply and return pipelines using network pumps, without installing an elevator. The process is carried out automatically using feedback from a temperature sensor installed in the room. The coolant pressure is also automatically adjusted.

Manufacturers give automated units of this type a variety of names: heat control unit, weather control unit, weather control unit, mixing unit weather control, automated mixing unit, etc.

Subtlety

The adjustment must be complete

Some enterprises produce automated units that regulate only the temperature of the coolant. The absence of a pressure regulator can cause an accident.

AUU SO of the second type includes plate heat exchangers and forms an independent heating system. Manufacturers often call them heating points. This is not true and causes confusion when placing orders.

In MKD DHW systems, liquid thermostats (TRR) can be installed, which regulate the water temperature, and automated DHW system control units that ensure the supply of water at a given temperature according to an independent circuit.

As you can see, not only automated nodes can be classified as control nodes. And the opinion that outdated elevator units and TRZ are incompatible with this concept is incorrect.

The formation of an erroneous opinion was influenced by the wording in Part 2 of Art. 166 Housing Code of the Russian Federation: “nodes for controlling and regulating the consumption of thermal energy, hot and cold water, gas." It cannot be called correct. Firstly, regulation is one of the functions of management, and this word should not have been used in the above context. Secondly, the word “consumption” can also be considered redundant: all the energy entering the node is consumed and measured by instruments. At the same time, there is no information about the target to which the control unit directs thermal energy. We can say more specifically: a control unit for thermal energy spent on heating (or hot water supply).

By managing thermal energy, we ultimately control heating or hot water systems. Therefore, we will use the terms “heating system control unit” and “DHW system control unit.”

Automated units are new generation control units. They meet the most modern requirements for the subject of managing heating and hot water systems, and make it possible to raise the technological level of these systems to complete automation of the processes of regulating the parameters of the temperature regime of indoor air and water in the hot water supply, as well as automation of heat consumption metering.

Elevator units and TRZ, due to their design, cannot meet the above requirements. Therefore, we classify them as control units of the previous (old) generation.

So, let's summarize the first results. There are four types of control units for heating and hot water systems. When choosing a control unit, find out what type it is.

• Repair work on the water supply using a “spray pipe”

Can you trust the names?

Manufacturers of control units based on mixing coolant from the supply and return pipelines often call their products weather regulators. This name does not reflect their properties and purpose at all.

The automated control unit does not regulate the weather. Depending on the outside air temperature, it regulates the temperature of the coolant. This way the room maintains the desired air temperature. But automated units with heat exchangers and even elevator units do the same thing (but with less accuracy).

Therefore, let’s clarify the name: automated unit (mixing type) for controlling the heating system. Next, you can add its name assigned by the manufacturer.

Manufacturers of automated control units with heat exchangers usually call their products heat points (TS). Let's turn to regulatory documents.

To make sure that it is incorrect to identify automated units with TP, let us turn to SNiP 41-02-2003 and their updated version - SP 124.13330.2012.

SNiP 41-02-2003 " Heating network» consider a heating point as a separate room that meets special requirements, which houses a set of equipment for connecting consumers of thermal energy to the heating network and giving this energy the specified parameters for temperature and pressure.

SP 124.13330.2012 defines a heat station as a structure with a set of equipment that allows you to change the thermal and hydraulic conditions of the coolant, provide accounting and regulation of the consumption of thermal energy and coolant. This is a good definition of a TP, to which the function of connecting equipment to the heating network should be added.

In the Rules technical operation thermal power plants (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) TP is a set of devices located in a separate room, providing connection to the heating network, control of heat distribution modes and regulation of coolant parameters.

In all cases, the TP links together the complex of equipment and the room in which it is located.

SNiP divides heating points into free-standing, attached to buildings and built into buildings. In MKD, TPs are usually built-in.

A heating point can be group or individual - serving one building or part of a building.

Now let's formulate a correct definition.

An individual heating point (IHP) is a room in which a set of equipment is installed for connecting to the heating network and supplying consumers with an MKD or one part of it with coolant with regulation of its thermal and hydraulic conditions to give the coolant parameters a given value for temperature and pressure.

IN this definition ITP places the main importance on the room in which the equipment is located. This was done, firstly, because such a definition is more consistent with the definition presented in SNiP and SP. Secondly, it warns about the incorrectness of using the concepts ITP, TP and the like to designate automated control units for heating and hot water supply systems manufactured at various enterprises.

Let us also clarify the name of the control unit of the type under consideration: an automated unit (with heat exchangers) for controlling the heating system. Manufacturers may indicate proper name products.

• About the situation in the heat supply, water supply and sanitation industries

How to qualify work with the control unit

Certain works are associated with the use of automated control units:

• installation of control unit;
• repair of control unit;
• replacing the control unit with a similar one;
• modernization of the control unit;
• replacement of an outdated design unit with a new generation unit.

Let us clarify what meaning is embedded in each of the listed works.

Installation of the control unit implies its absence and the need for installation in the MKD. This situation may arise, for example, when two or more houses are connected to one elevator unit (houses on a coupling) and it is necessary to install an elevator unit on each house to be able to separately account for heat energy consumption and increase responsibility for the operation of the entire heating system in each house. You can install any control unit.

Control unit repair engineering systems ensures the elimination of physical wear and tear with the possibility of partial elimination of obsolescence.

Replacing the unit with a similar one that does not have physical wear assumes the same result as when repairing the unit, and can be done instead of repair.

Modernization of a unit means its renewal, improvement with the complete elimination of physical and partial obsolescence within the limits existing structure node. Both direct improvement of an existing unit and its replacement with an improved unit are all types of modernization. An example is the replacement of an elevator unit with a similar unit with an adjustable elevator nozzle.

Replacing units of an outdated design with units of a new generation involves the installation of automated control units for heating and hot water systems instead of elevator units and fuel distribution units. In this case, physical and moral wear and tear is completely eliminated.

All these are independent types of work. This conclusion is confirmed by Part 2 of Art. 166 Housing Code of the Russian Federation, where as an example independent work The installation of the thermal energy control unit is shown.

Why do you need to determine the type of work?

Why is it so important to classify this or that work related to control units as a certain type of independent work? This is of fundamental importance when performing selective overhauls. Such repairs are carried out from the capital repair fund, formed through mandatory contributions from the owners of premises to the apartment building.

The list of works on selective major repairs is given in Part 1 of Art. 166 Housing Code of the Russian Federation. The above-mentioned independent works were not included. However, in Part 2 of Art. 166 of the RF Housing Code states that a subject of the Russian Federation may supplement this list with other works by the relevant law. In this case, it becomes fundamentally important that the wording included in the list of work corresponds to the nature of the planned use of the control unit. Simply put, if a unit was to be modernized, then the list should include work with exactly the same name.

St. Petersburg expanded the list of overhaul works

In 2016, the Law of St. Petersburg dated December 11, 2013 No. 690–120 “On major repairs of common property in apartment buildings in St. Petersburg” included the following independent work in the list of works for selective major repairs: installation of control units and regulation of thermal energy, hot and cold water, electricity, gas.

The wording is completely borrowed from the Housing Code of the Russian Federation with all the inaccuracies that we noted earlier. At the same time, it clearly indicates the possibility of installing a control unit and regulation of thermal energy, i.e., a control unit for the heating system and hot water supply system, during selective major repairs carried out in accordance with this law.

The need to perform such independent work is due to the desire to separate houses on a coupling, i.e., houses whose heating systems receive coolant from one elevator unit, and install on each house its own heating system control unit.

The amendment made to the law of St. Petersburg allows the installation of both a simple elevator unit and any automated control unit for engineering systems. But it does not allow, for example, replacing an elevator unit with an automated control unit at the expense of the capital repair fund.

• In the morning, a loan - in the evening, major repairs in the apartment building

Automated mixing units, which do not include a pressure regulator, are not recommended for use in high-temperature heat supply networks. Automated DHW system control units should be installed only with heat exchangers that form closed system DHW.

conclusions

1. Control nodes include all nodes that direct energy into the heating or hot water system with the regulation of its parameters - from outdated elevators and fuel distribution centers to modern automated nodes.
2. When considering proposals from manufacturers and suppliers of automated control units, it is necessary to recognize, behind the beautiful names of weather controllers and heating units, which of the following types of units the proposed product belongs to:

• automated mixing-type unit for heating system control;
• automated unit with heat exchangers for controlling a heating system or hot water supply system.

After determining the type of automated unit, you should study in detail its purpose, technical characteristics, cost of the product and installation work, operating conditions, frequency of repair and replacement of equipment, operating costs and other factors.

1. When deciding to use an automated control unit for engineering systems during selective major repairs of apartment buildings, you need to make sure that the selected type of independent work for installation, repair, modernization or replacement of the control unit exactly corresponds to the name of the work included in the list of capital works by the law of the subject of the Russian Federation MKD repair. Otherwise, the selected type of work to use the control unit will not be paid for from the capital repair fund.

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Automated heating system control unit

Brief description of the device

An automated control unit for a heating system is a type of individual heating point and is designed to control the parameters of the coolant in the heating system depending on the outside temperature and operating conditions of the buildings.

The unit consists of a correction pump, an electronic temperature controller that maintains a given temperature schedule, and differential pressure and flow regulators. Structurally, these are pipeline blocks mounted on a metal support frame, including a pump, control valves, elements of electric drives and automation, instrumentation, filters, and mud collectors.

The automated control unit for the heating system contains control elements from Danfoss and a pump from Grundfoss. The control units are completed taking into account the recommendations of Danfoss specialists, who provide consulting services in the development of these units.

The node works as follows. When conditions arise when the temperature in the heating network exceeds the required one, the electronic controller turns on the pump, and it adds as much cooled coolant to the heating system from return pipeline, how much is necessary to maintain the set temperature. The hydraulic water regulator, in turn, closes, reducing the supply of network water.

The operating mode of the automated heating system control unit in winter is 24 hours a day, the temperature is maintained in accordance with the temperature schedule with correction based on the return water temperature.

At the customer's request, a temperature reduction mode in heated rooms can be provided at night, on weekends and holidays, which provides significant savings.

Reducing the air temperature in residential buildings at night by 2-3°C does not worsen sanitary and hygienic conditions and at the same time provides savings of 4-5%. In industrial and administrative buildings, heat savings by lowering the temperature during non-working hours are achieved to an even greater extent. The temperature during non-working hours can be maintained at 10-12 °C. Total heat savings with automatic control can be up to 25% of annual consumption. During the summer, the automated unit does not work.

The plant produces automated heating system control units, their installation, commissioning, warranty and service maintenance.

Energy saving is especially important because... It is through the implementation of energy-efficient measures that the consumer achieves maximum savings.

Specifications heating radiators

Automated heating system control unit is a type of individual heating point and is designed to control the parameters of the coolant in the heating system depending on the outside air temperature and operating conditions of the buildings.

The unit consists of a correction pump, an electronic temperature controller that maintains a given temperature schedule, and differential pressure and flow regulators. Structurally, these are pipeline blocks mounted on a metal support frame, including a pump, control valves, elements of electric drives and automation, instrumentation, filters, and mud collectors.

IN automated heating system control unit Control elements from Danfoss and a pump from Grundfoss were installed. The control units are completed taking into account the recommendations of Danfoss specialists, who provide consulting services in the development of these units.

The node works as follows. When conditions arise when the temperature in the heating network exceeds the required one, the electronic controller turns on the pump, which adds as much cooled coolant from the return pipeline to the heating system as is necessary to maintain the set temperature. The hydraulic water regulator, in turn, closes, reducing the supply of network water.

Operating mode automated heating system control unit in winter, 24 hours a day, the temperature is maintained in accordance with the temperature schedule with correction based on the return water temperature.

At the customer's request, a temperature reduction mode in heated rooms can be provided at night, on weekends and holidays, which provides significant savings.

Reducing the air temperature in residential buildings at night by 2-3°C does not worsen sanitary and hygienic conditions and at the same time provides savings of 4-5%. In industrial and administrative buildings, heat savings by lowering the temperature during non-working hours are achieved to an even greater extent. The temperature during non-working hours can be maintained at 10-12 °C. Total heat savings with automatic control can be up to 25% of annual consumption. During the summer, the automated unit does not work.

A promising approach to resolving this situation is the commissioning of automated heating points with a commercial heat metering unit, which reflects the actual consumption of thermal energy by the consumer and allows you to track the current and total heat consumption for a given period of time.

Target audience, solutions:

Commissioning of automated heating points with a commercial heat metering unit allows you to solve the following problems:

JSC Energo:

1. increased reliability of equipment operation, as a result, a reduction in accidents and funds for their elimination;
2. accuracy of heating network adjustment;
3. reduction of water treatment costs;
4. reduction of repair areas;
5. high degree of dispatching and archiving.

housing and communal services, municipal management enterprise (MUP), management company (MC):

• no need for constant plumbing and operator intervention in the operation of the heating unit;
• decrease service personnel;
• payment for actually consumed thermal energy without losses;
• reducing losses for recharging the system;
• release of free space;
• durability and high maintainability;
• comfort and ease of heat load control. Design organizations:
• strict compliance with technical specifications;
• wide choice of circuit solutions;
• high degree of automation;
• big choice complete set of heating points engineering equipment;
• high energy efficiency. Industrial enterprises:
• high degree of redundancy, especially important for continuous technological processes;
• accounting and strict adherence to high-tech processes;
• possibility of using condensate in the presence of process steam;
• temperature control in workshops;
• adjustable selection of hot water and steam;
• reduction in recharge, etc.

Description

Heating points are divided into:

1. individual heating points (IHP), used to connect heating, ventilation, hot water supply and technological heat-using installations of one building or part of it;
2. central heating points (CHS) performing the same functions as IHP for two or more buildings.

One of the priority activities of the company ZAO TeploKomplektMontazh is the production of block automated heating units using modern technologies, equipment and materials.

More and more wide application they find heating points manufactured on a single frame in a modular design with high factory readiness, called block units, hereinafter referred to as BTP. BHP is a complete factory product designed to transfer thermal energy from a thermal power plant or boiler room to a heating, ventilation and hot water supply system. The BTP includes the following equipment: heat exchangers, controller (electrical control panel), direct-acting regulators, control valves with electric drive, pumps, control and measuring instruments (instruments), shut-off valves, etc. Instruments and sensors provide measurement and control of coolant parameters and issue signals to the controller about parameters going beyond acceptable values. The controller allows you to control the following BTP systems in automatic and manual mode:

Regulating the flow, temperature and pressure of the coolant from the heating network in accordance with the technical conditions of the heat supply;

Regulating the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heating system, taking into account the outside temperature, time of day and working day;

Heating water for hot water supply and maintaining the temperature within sanitary standards;

Protection of heating and hot water system circuits from emptying during planned shutdowns for repairs or network emergencies;

Accumulation DHW water, allowing to compensate for peak consumption during peak load hours;

1. frequency control of the pump drive and protection against “dry running”;
2. control, notification and archiving of emergency situations, etc.

The design of the BTP varies depending on the connection schemes for heat consumption systems used in each individual case, the type of heat supply system, as well as the specific technical conditions of the project and the wishes of the customer.

Schemes for connecting BTP to heating networks

In Fig. 1-3 show the most common schemes for connecting heating points to heating networks.

Application of shell-and-tube or plate heat exchangers in BHP?

In heating points of most buildings, as a rule, shell-and-tube heat exchangers and direct-acting hydraulic regulators are installed. In most cases, this equipment has exhausted its service life and also operates in modes that do not correspond to the design ones. The latter circumstance is due to the fact that actual heat loads are currently maintained at a level significantly lower than the design one. The control equipment does not perform its functions in case of significant deviations from the design mode.

When reconstructing heat supply systems, it is recommended to use modern equipment that is compact, operates in a fully automatic mode and provides energy savings of up to 30% compared to equipment used in the 60-70s. Modern heating points usually use an independent connection scheme for heating and hot water supply systems, based on plate heat exchangers. To control thermal processes they are used electronic regulators and specialized controllers. Modern plate heat exchangers are several times lighter and smaller than shell-and-tube heat exchangers of the same power. The compactness and low weight of plate heat exchangers greatly facilitate installation, maintenance and Maintenance heating point equipment.

Recommendations for the selection of shell-and-tube and plate heat exchangers are given in SP 41-101-95. Design of heating points. The calculation of plate heat exchangers is based on a system of criterion equations. However, before proceeding with the calculation of the heat exchanger, it is necessary to calculate the optimal distribution of the DHW load between the heater stages and temperature regime each stage, taking into account the method of regulating heat release from the heat source and connection diagrams for DHW heaters.

The company ZAO TeploKomplektMontazh has its own proven thermal and hydraulic calculation program, which allows you to select plate brazed and gasketed Funke heat exchangers that fully satisfy customer requirements.

BTP manufactured by TeploKomplektMontazh CJSC

The basis of the BHP of TeploKomplektMontazh CJSC are collapsible plate heat exchangers Funke, which have proven themselves in harsh Russian conditions. They are reliable, easy to maintain and durable. As a node commercial accounting For heat, heat meters are used that have an interface output to the upper control level and allow reading the consumed amount of heat. To maintain the set temperature in the hot water supply system, as well as regulate the temperature of the coolant in the heating system, a dual-circuit regulator is used. Controlling the operation of pumps, collecting data from the heat meter, controlling the regulator, monitoring the general condition of the battery pump, communication with the upper level of control (dispatching) is performed by a controller that is compatible with a personal computer.

The regulator has two independent coolant temperature control circuits. One provides temperature control in the heating system depending on a schedule that takes into account the outside air temperature, time of day, day of the week, etc. The other maintains the set temperature in the hot water supply system. You can work with the device either locally, using the built-in keyboard and display panel, or remotely via an interface communication line.

The controller has several discrete inputs and outputs. The discrete inputs receive signals from sensors regarding the operation of pumps, penetration into the premises of a storage tank, fire, flooding, etc. All this information is delivered to the upper dispatch level. Through the discrete outputs of the controller, the operation of pumps and regulators is controlled according to any user algorithms specified at the design stage. It is possible to change these algorithms from the top management level.

The controller can be programmed to work with a heat meter, providing heat consumption data to the control center. It also communicates with the regulator. All instruments and communication equipment are mounted in a small control cabinet. Its placement is determined at the design stage.

In the vast majority of cases, when reconstructing old heat supply systems and creating new ones, it is advisable to use BTP. BTP, being assembled and tested in factory conditions, are reliable. Installation of equipment is simplified and cheaper, which ultimately reduces the total cost of reconstruction or new construction. Each BTP project of TeploKomplektMontazh CJSC is individual and takes into account all the features of the customer’s heating point: the structure of heat consumption, hydraulic resistance, circuit solutions heating points, permissible pressure losses in heat exchangers, room dimensions, quality tap water and much more.

Types of activities of JSC "TeploKomplektMontazh" in the field of industrial safety equipment

CJSC "TeploKomplektMontazh" performs the following types of work in the field of safety equipment:

1. drawing up technical specifications for the BTP project;
2. BTP design;
3. coordination technical solutions on BTP projects;
4. engineering support and project support;
5. selection of the optimal option for equipment and automation of the BTP, taking into account all customer requirements;
6. installation of BTP;
7. carrying out commissioning works;
8. putting the heating point into operation;
9. Warranty and post-warranty maintenance of heating units.

CJSC TeploKomplektMontazh is successfully developing energy efficient systems heat supply, engineering systems, and also deals with design, installation, reconstruction, automation, and provides warranty and post-warranty maintenance of BTP. A flexible system of discounts and a wide selection of components distinguishes BTP ZAO TeploKomplektMontazh from others. BTP ZAO TeploKomplektMontazh is a way to reduce energy costs and ensure maximum comfort.

Best regards, JSC
"TeploKomplektMontazh"