One of the most effective ways The so-called wet façade plaster is used to insulate the house. High-quality wall insulation residential buildings– extremely important stage construction and repair. Today, more and more private home owners are realizing this. Having once spent a large sum on the purchase of materials, they save a lot of money in the future. After all, as practice shows, it is through the walls that a residential building loses up to 40% of heat. Therefore, if you reduce heat loss, you can reduce energy consumption, which means saving a lot of money.

Many homeowners, choosing the best way when insulating a house, we are forced to choose between regular and wet plaster. But if the first option is widely known, then significantly fewer people know about the second. Therefore, it will be very useful to talk about it in more detail.

What is a wet façade?

If, when creating conventional ventilated facades, other materials are used, then when producing wet facades, special mixtures are used, which include a large number of water. This is where the name “wet facade” comes from.

Ready-made mixtures containing polymers are available for sale, but if desired, you can make them yourself. This allows you to save significantly when purchasing building materials. But in this case, it is worth considering that the quality of the mixture will be lower than that of the purchased one. This is due to the complexity of manufacturing and special composition.

Advantages and disadvantages

Any building material or technology has a number of advantages and disadvantages. You need to know about both the first and the second in order to make a deliberate, informed choice, which you won’t have to regret even after many years.

To begin with, we list the main advantages characteristic of wet facade plaster:

1. Occupies a minimum of space, practically without increasing the volume of the house.
2. The service life in most regions of our country with moderate humidity and relatively small daily and annual temperature changes is about 25 years. All this time, the facade will not need repairs that require additional costs time and money.
3. This type of insulation does not increase the load on bearing structures, which means you won’t have to strengthen the walls or install an additional frame.
4. Despite its simplicity, this technology can significantly reduce thermal conductivity and increase the sound insulation characteristics of buildings.
5. A huge variety of colors - the owner of the house can use decorative plaster of the color that, in his opinion, looks the most advantageous.

Unfortunately, this method of insulation decorative plaster has certain disadvantages:

1. It is advisable to protect plastered surfaces from dirt and dust. If dust settles on the surface of the walls before the plaster has hardened, appearance the house will suffer.
2. It is not advisable to use this technology in the cold season. In cases where this is necessary, it is necessary to use special heat guns, as well as scaffolding covered with film, which complicates the work process and significantly increases the cost of the work.
3. It takes at least a few days for the plaster to completely harden. There should be no precipitation during this entire time; you must carefully monitor the weather forecast before you can begin finishing the façade of the house.
4. It is not advisable to carry out work on hot summer days - when the plaster gets too hot in the sun, it can dry out and crack. Therefore, it is better to choose either the end of spring, the beginning of autumn, or early morning, late evening, when the sun is not so hot.

Now you know about the most important features plaster wet facade and you can make the right choice by carefully weighing the main pros and cons.

Thermal insulation

The modern market of thermal insulation materials offers many excellent options, differing in a number of properties: cost, efficiency, possibility self-application, complexity of installation, etc. But still, the most widely used materials are polystyrene foam and mineral wool. Which one to choose for home insulation? Let's compare the options with each other.

The thermal conductivity coefficient of both materials is approximately the same. Of course, if you take a new, high-quality and undamaged sample. Therefore, neither option has significant advantages here.

An important indicator is flammability. And here mineral wool wins by a serious margin. Expanded polystyrene, for all its advantages, is a flammable material. It not only melts under the influence of fire, but also supports combustion well. Mineral wool is completely resistant to combustion, and some brands can withstand temperatures up to 1000° C.

But during installation, foam plastic is much lighter and more convenient. Dense sheets are easily cut with a hacksaw or a sharp knife and are quickly fixed to the surface. Mineral wool, even supplied in mats, does not provide such convenience. But it also has its advantages. Joining two edges of mats is much easier than joining two sheets of foam. There will almost always be a small gap between the latter, which can play the role of a cold bridge, significantly reducing the effectiveness of insulation.

Finally, for some reason, polystyrene foam is very popular with mice and rats. They often create extensive labyrinths in this material. Of course because of this thermal insulation properties are noticeably reduced. Rodent pests did not notice such attention to mineral wool, which can be called an important advantage.

Stages

If you are interested in wet plaster of the facade, the technology of its construction should be carefully studied in order to avoid mistakes when doing the work yourself.

The first step, as with other work, is preparing the base. The wall must be level. While mineral wool can still hide small cracks and even protrusions, expanded polystyrene cannot boast of this. Even a protrusion of a few millimeters can cause the sheets to bulge, and this will definitely not add attractiveness to your home. Therefore, unevenness needs to be leveled out - simple plastering will do this. But after this, you need to let the plaster dry completely - moisture should not collect under the thermal insulation material.

It is also necessary to check the surface for weak areas (crumbled brick or rotten wood). Such defects should be ruthlessly eliminated.

Many Construction Materials are highly absorbent. Wood is the leader here, but this figure is also quite high for brick. Because of this, it is necessary to coat the surface with a primer.

The next step is to install the base profile. It will allow you to evenly distribute the load from the insulation with the layer of plaster. Yes, the load is not too great, but this does not mean that this stage cannot be taken seriously enough. After all, this element also has the function of protecting the bottom row thermal insulation material from precipitation.

The profile is installed at a height of 30-40 cm from the ground. Self-tapping screws are used for fixing on wood, and self-tapping screws with dowels on brick or concrete. The distance between the fastening points should not exceed 20 cm. To ensure that corner joints are as smooth as possible, it is advisable to use a specially designed corner profile.

When the profile is installed, you can begin installing the insulation. To do this you will need reliable glue. Make sure that it matches the selected thermal insulation material. Some adhesives contain solvents that can damage polystyrene foam.

You should retreat 3-5 cm from the edge of the mat or slab, after which apply a sufficiently thick layer of glue around the perimeter. The glue is applied to the inner area using the dot method. When using the insulation mentioned above, the adhesive must cover at least 40% of the area. If you decide to use lamella mats, then the glue must be applied evenly over the entire area. After this, the insulation is pressed tightly against the wall. It is enough to hold it for a few seconds for the glue to set and be able to support the weight. If glue has come out around the perimeter, it must be carefully and quickly removed.

The bottom row is applied first, and after its completion, the top rows are applied. It is advisable to lay them randomly, that is, like bricks, and not strictly one above the other.

After three days, the glue will set securely, and it will be possible to secure the insulation with spacer dowels for greater reliability. Their choice should be approached very responsibly - their length should be sufficient to pass through the thickness of the insulation, glue and reliably fix the material on the wall.

After this, you can begin applying the base layer of reinforced plaster. You can start this stage no earlier than three days after installing the thermal insulation - during this time the glue will reliably harden, and unnecessary moisture will not accumulate under the plaster.

A special adhesive composition is applied directly to the insulation. The layer should be thick enough so that the reinforcing mesh can be buried almost entirely in it. Immediately after installing the mesh, a second layer of glue is applied, completely hiding it - in this case, the two layers will harden almost into a monolith, reliably mesh reinforced, increasing their ability to withstand bending and tensile loads. Optimal thickness the resulting layer should be 4-5 mm.

And finally final stage– finishing. Facade plaster must be applied to completely dry glue. So you should wait 5-7 days, depending on the temperature and humidity, and wind intensity. It is best to choose a special one finishing material, having high vapor permeability, resistance to mechanical loads and moisture resistance. Optimal temperature application – from +10 to +20° C.

The technology for installing wet facade plaster is quite simple, with this work at the proper level theoretical training Even a person far from the construction industry can handle it with accuracy.

Useful video about insulating walls using plaster

Many home craftsmen and professional companies are increasingly using so-called wet facades to decorate their homes. What it is, you need to know before you think about whether it’s worth applying for an update external walls this technology at home. Wet facade it is equipped with the use of a heat insulator, in the role of which extruded polystyrene foam or other material with qualities is used that will give the system strength and resistance to external influences.

Description

Wet facade, as its name implies, involves the use of a wet application method exterior finishing. That is why any façade that uses an adhesive composition or a wet mixture can be called wet.

Semi-liquid adhesive compositions can also be used in the work, which are quite possible to purchase in finished form. You can buy it already ready mixture or one that involves additional dissolution before starting work.

wet type

The wet facade must contain three main layers, one of which is heat-insulating, fixed to the rough surface with glue. As a rule, a polymer cement solution is used as an adhesive composition. Among its positive features one can highlight high-quality adhesion to the load-bearing surface and any type of insulation. Polystyrene foam can be used as insulation. But it is also used; for carrying out this kind of work it is necessary to purchase it in the form of rigid slabs.

A wet facade assumes the presence of another layer, which acts as base material. It is based on a rigid layer designed to protect the thermal insulation from external mechanical influences. Exactly on base layer and fastening is done decorative covering. Traditionally it is customary to use it in tandem with reinforcing mesh. In the vast majority of cases, the solution is based on fiberglass with impregnation, which protects against alkali.

If you have chosen a wet facade, the installation technology assumes that it also contains an external decorative coating. The most popular material is textured plaster. It is quite easy to apply and has a low cost. In addition, it is also valuable that it does not affect the walls and façade of the building with its weight, since its mass is insignificant.

Advantages of a wet facade

If you are interested in wet facades, what they are, you need to find out more. It is worth paying attention to the positive features of this finishing method. Among the most important, as already mentioned, is cost. So, if you do the work yourself, then square meter finishing will cost approximately 300-800 rubles, the final price will be affected by the cost of the plaster and thermal insulation used in the work. Another advantage is the fairly extensive color scheme. This also applies to invoice solutions. But if there is a need to change the color, the surface can be painted in any shade.

Installation of a wet facade requires the presence of insulating material, which allows you to obtain practical finishing with thermal insulation characteristics. If you are just starting to build a house and know that the facade will be finished wet method, then you can save on work, because the walls will then be insulated. And you can really save on the building materials themselves, since the thickness of the walls can be such that it is enough to ensure strength.

When considering wet facades, what they are, it is imperative to understand and take into account that such systems have little weight, despite their multi-layer nature. This indicates the possibility of thermally insulating a capital building with stone walls. Frame houses that are installed on a columnar or strip foundation can also be improved in this way. Due to the fact that the insulation will be reinforced outside the living space, effective area buildings will remain unchanged.

Dew point offset

When you consider wet facades, what they are is important to understand. After all, if you do not take into account all the features of such a system, then you can make your choice in favor of a less profitable and not so attractive solution for your home.

It is also important to take into account that the location of the insulation outside the external walls is very advisable, because this allows you to move the dew point beyond the main walls. Whereas if thermal insulation is made with inside premises, you will have to think about combating the resulting condensation and moisture from outside sealing material. All these circumstances indicate that a wet facade, work on which will be done independently, does not imply problems associated with the formation of fungus and mold on the walls.

Disadvantages of a wet facade

It must be remembered that everything has its drawbacks, and the façade arrangement system is no exception. wet technology. Such work can only be done in the warm season. In addition, bad weather can also prevent the continuation of work, which can delay the completion of the process for some time. If this requirement is not taken into account, then the surface of the façade will remain dirty spots. In addition, the approximate service life of a wet facade does not exceed 30 years, which is significantly less compared to other types of external wall construction.

During operation, storage duration original form walls can be shortened, this can be affected by temperature changes. Thus, if there is a large difference between their values, this fact can greatly affect the durability of the facade.

wet facade

A wet facade, the installation technology of which requires the use of several layers, may involve the use of not only adhesive mixtures. If there is a need to reduce the cost of work, then you can use less expensive analogues, however, when purchasing, it is important to take into account that the adhesive composition must have certain characteristics, among them excellent steam permeability, as well as resistance to frost and external influences. Glue mixture You can not only strengthen the material, but also level the surface.

The “wet facade” system, as mentioned above, can be based on slabs mineral wool or expanded polystyrene. If we compare, the first option has excellent thermal insulation qualities, are especially good. But today many people refuse fiberglass, since it is not so strong, which makes it vulnerable.

Technical characteristics of the thermal insulation layer

If you decide to choose a wet facade for arranging it, then you need to purchase one that has a tensile strength of 15 kPa or higher. If you use a material that does not have such impressive strength, then the facade will not endure wind loads.

As for density, it should vary between 130-180 kg/m3. This requirement must be taken into account to ensure that the layers of plaster do not crumble. This material must also have alkali resistance, which is equal to 12.5 pH or higher. This requirement is due to the fact that between materials there is alkaline reaction, which can damage the thermal insulation. The thickness of the slabs is also important. The difference between them should not be more than 3 mm. This is necessary to ensure that the facade is aesthetically pleasing. Water absorption of the material should not exceed 1.5% of the volume of insulation.

Characteristics of the polystyrene foam layer

If you are installing a wet façade, it is important to choose the right materials. So, if the insulation layer is based on polystyrene foam, then certain requirements are imposed on it in terms of strength, which cannot be less than 100 kPa. As for density, this figure can vary from 15 to 25 kg/m3. It is also important here Smooth surface, deviation is allowed no more than 0.5%.

Characteristics of the plaster layer and external coating

It is important to take into account that the plaster layer must also meet certain characteristics. Thus, the density of the layer should be in the range from 145 to 200 g/m2, while the thickness should be approximately 3-5 mm.

It is important to choose for the decorative layer the right material, which must necessarily have increased vapor permeability characteristics. But it is recommended to choose a density equivalent to 1.6 g/m3. If you comply with all these requirements when choosing a material, then the wet facade will meet all the characteristics quality system, which will last for as long as necessary.

The “wet facade” finish today continues to be popular for the reason that the house looks very presentable after the work, and the costs do not break the owners’ pockets.

The appearance of the building's façade is its business card. There are many options for finishing external walls: traditional methods, modern systems, different materials. The main ones include:

• Ventilated systems;
• Wet facades;
• Brick cladding.

Of greatest interest are ventilated suspension systems. They will be discussed further.

What is a ventilated façade?

A relatively new cladding technology, which is based on suspended structure made of metal guides and decorative material.

The system is a multilayer structure, which includes:

1. The basis is metal guide profiles on which the entire system rests.
2. Mineral wool insulation or intended for additional protection walls from heat loss. The mats are attached to the wall between the vertical guides using dowels. It would not be superfluous to vapor and waterproof the insulation with membranes and films on the side of the wall and the ventilated layer to prevent moisture accumulation.
3. Facing elements. Panels made of different materials: ceramics, metal siding, façade panels, fake diamond, fiber cement, PVC panels.

When selecting materials, the ratio “panel weight / supporting profile thickness” should be taken into account.

Ventilated or wet façade?

It's time to compare hanging system With traditional methods finishing. Which is better: a wet façade or a ventilated one?

The wet finishing method involves applying wet materials to external walls. The technology includes several stages:

1. Wall preparation: cleaning old decoration, dust. It is important to carefully remove outdated layers so that they do not weaken after finishing the facing work.
2. Applying an adhesive composition to fix the insulation. This can be a special solution of glue and cement.
3. Installation of insulation. It is recommended to use mats that do not get wet - polystyrene, foam plastic. They are fixed to the wall with glue. Mineral wool can also be used as insulation, but not fiberglass - it is not able to resist tearing and is afraid of alkaline compounds.
4. Gluing and reinforcing the insulation creates a solid basis for applying facing plaster.
5. Plastering the facade with cement-sand mortar.

The technologies of ventilated and wet facades differ in installation technology. What about quality?

What is cheaper: a wet or ventilated façade? There is no clear answer to this question. If we are talking about vinyl panels for suspension, the ventilated system definitely wins. When choosing more expensive finishing materials, the cost of the system can increase significantly. average price 1m2 of wet facade - about 2500 rubles.

Ventilated facade or brick?

Another common method of cladding exterior walls is capping ceramic bricks. This is a thorough and durable way to protect the main supporting structures from external factors and give the house a presentable look. Ventilated facade or brick: which is better?

Undoubtedly, ceramics look more elegant and more substantial than hanging panels. But! Among the range of cladding for ventilated facades there are many imitations of different materials, including brick. It is impossible at first glance to distinguish real ceramics from “fake” ones when choosing high-quality panels.

In structure, these compared types of finishes are similar to each other: both have insulation and air gap for ventilation. The difference is in the thickness of the decor when it comes to brick and wall panel.

Now the main thing: is brick cladding or a ventilated façade cheaper? The cost of 1 m2 of ceramic cladding is about 2000-3000 rubles. This includes the cost of bricks, mortar and labor.

For 1 m2 of a ventilated facade you will have to pay about 500 rubles. for installation of the frame, finishing starts from 300 rubles/m2.

Conclusion

Ventilated facade - modern solution finishing of external walls. The system is affordable, the variety of designs will satisfy the most sophisticated taste, the reliability of the complex provided correct installation is at a high level.

Insulating a house using the wet facade method is currently the best technology, which can be used for almost any building. This technology is economical, environmentally friendly and durable. At the same time, there is whole line circumstances when it is better to use other insulation methods. Today we’ll talk about the advantages and disadvantages of a wet facade.

pros

— Relatively low cost of building materials. The simplest option - polystyrene foam insulation and mineral plaster - has no analogues in cost.

— Effective thermal insulation. An insulated house is a thermos. On average, a building loses 30 to 40% of its total heat through poorly insulated walls. The cost of heating an insulated room with a wet facade is reduced significantly.

— Sound and vibration insulation of the room. This is especially important for residents of large cities.

— Vapor barrier of walls. Wet facade systems provide for the removal of steam from the walls through insulation and plaster.

— Bringing the dew point beyond load-bearing wall. The walls will not freeze. The room will be dry and comfortable.

— The façade is lightweight and can be mounted on almost any surface.

— A huge selection of design options – colors, structures and textures. Additionally, it can be applied to the façade decorative elements– bas-reliefs, cornices, moldings, rustications or window sills.

- Durability. A properly installed facade will serve you from 20 to 50 years without additional repairs.

— Installing a wet facade is quite simple and requires minimal preparation from the builder, but strict adherence to technology.

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Minuses

— High requirements for compliance with technology. Any violation of the wet facade installation technology - mixture consistency, temperature or humidity - can result in deformations, cracks or delamination of the surface.

- Unstable surface. The insulation is soft. Although the layer of reinforcement and plaster has a certain elasticity, it breaks under strong mechanical stress.

- Difficulties local repairs. The damaged surface can be restored and repainted, but the repaired fragment will almost certainly differ in color and structure.

— The walls of the building must be smooth. Uneven walls require additional processing and increase glue consumption.

— Work on installing a wet facade is carried out only in the warm season. Any bad weather stops work. Work in the cold season should be carried out using heat guns and protective film, which will significantly increase the cost of the entire project.

Frame house. But for exterior work, in addition to the traditional design with lathing and a ventilated gap, only one technology is used. It's about about the “wet” facade. It got its name because technological features installation

Features of a wet facade

The final finishing of a wet façade is a “pie” made of several materials, sequentially laid on wall cladding or DSP. IN general view it looks like this:

• a layer of adhesive composition on the base;
• thermal insulation material;
• glue;
• reinforcing mesh;
• glue;
• facade plaster;
• paint (if necessary).

All these building materials are easy to use, so you can handle the construction of the facade on your own.

But is it worth choosing this option? exterior finishing For frame house? Assessing the advantages and disadvantages will help answer this question.

Advantages and disadvantages of technology

A wet facade is fundamentally different from a ventilated one. This applies not only to the structure of the wall “pie”, but also to its operational properties.

To the advantages of technology can be attributed:

• Effective heat saving by minimizing the number of “cold bridges”. In a ventilated structure, they are formed by a large number of fastening elements of the sheathing.
• Saving money and time.
• Aesthetic appearance of the house.
• Additional insulation, high-quality sound and vapor insulation of walls.
• Reducing the load on the foundation.

There are also disadvantages to insulating the façade using the wet method. They are related to the conditions for laying materials and applying adhesives. So, permissible temperature air during operation, the temperature should not be lower than +5 °C, and the humidity should be no more than 40%.

If these conditions are not met, there is a high probability that the glue and plaster will dry unevenly. This will negatively affect the quality of the final coating and its service life.

Materials for wet facade

The competent installation of a wet facade using insulation, the technology of which is quite simple, is largely based on making the right choice materials.

Polystyrene foam or mineral wool in the form of rigid slabs are used as insulation. They prevent the formation of condensation and retain heat well.

Wherein polystyrene foam loses to mineral wool in terms of environmental friendliness and flammability, but surpasses it in ease of use, price, and durability. It is also not subject to shrinkage during the use of the house.

Please note: when choosing slab insulation, its thickness is important. It is calculated based on climatic conditions and the insulating characteristics of frame walls.

To reinforce the wet facade, alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh is used.

The best option for fixing foam plastic is foam adhesive in balloons. It is also called liquid foam. It sets quickly, does not allow heat to pass through, and is resistant to moisture. The only disadvantages include the high price.

An alternative is universal facade adhesive in dry form. For better adhesion, it is sealed with a primer of the same brand. But it is better to fix mineral wool with a special reinforcing glue.

Installation of a wet facade on a frame house

Installation of a wet facade of a frame house involves the sequential performance of a series of works, taking into account the characteristics of the materials used. If you don't want to invite outside experts, make sure you have several reliable assistants.

Preparatory work stage

Wet façade – good decision for a frame house being built from scratch. The wall cladding, which is the basis for laying insulation, has a smooth and clean surface. It doesn't even need to be primed. However, some preparatory work still needed.

To glue the insulation layer, the surfaces of the base and walls are clearly demarcated. This is done using a special L-shaped profile. The short side (perforated) is attached to the wall with dowels, maintaining a pitch of 300 mm. Long side serves as a support and limiter for thermal insulation boards, therefore should not be less than their thickness.

Please note: during installation the profile is aligned horizontally using a building level.

Instructions for laying insulation

With the exception of a few points, the technology for installing a wet facade using foam plastic and mineral wool is the same.

The fundamental difference lies in the application of the adhesive composition. Adhesive foam is applied to the foam along the perimeter of the slabs, 20-30 mm away from the edges, and in the middle - pointwise. Reinforcing adhesive is applied to mineral wool slabs in a continuous layer using a notched trowel. A point distribution of the composition is unacceptable due to heavy weight insulation.

After applying the glue, the insulation board is pressed against the wall and tapped. First row placed close to the starting. Each subsequent one is fastened so that the joints between the slabs are “spaced apart”, by analogy with brickwork. In this case, the evenness of the rows is checked using a building level.

The foam sheets fit together quite tightly, but if gaps form somewhere, they can be covered up adhesive composition or fill with foam.

After completely dry glue, additional fixation of the insulation is performed using plastic disc-shaped dowels. Their length is equal to the thickness of the insulating material plus 55-60 mm.

Laying the reinforcing layer

Before installing the reinforcing mesh adhesive solution cover the dowel heads and building level check the evenness of the thermal insulation layer. After this, they begin to strengthen the corners.

Their surface is covered with a layer of glue, in which a fiberglass mesh and a metal corner profile are embedded on top of it. Then the glue is evenly distributed over the surface of the insulation. The optimal layer thickness is 3 mm. Both a construction float and a wide spatula are suitable for the job.

A reinforcing mesh is placed on the adhesive layer in the direction from bottom to top. At the junction of the canvases, an overlap of 100-120 mm is made. All cells must be completely recessed into the glue, and any irregularities must be eliminated.

For finishing On the exterior walls, another layer of adhesive is applied on top of the fiberglass mesh. Its thickness should be 2-3 mm.

Finishing of the facade

You can also do the final finishing of a wet facade with plaster yourself. To do this, the base layer and adhesive layer are allowed to dry completely. Then a layer of primer is applied to it, which improves adhesion between the final and base coats.

After priming the wall also must dry. Depending on the solution used, this may take 5-8 hours.

Facade plaster can be purchased as ready solution, and in the form of a dry mixture that needs to be mixed with water. It is applied in a layer whose thickness is about 5 mm. The manufacturer reflects the nuances of working with a specific material in the instructions for use.

Designing wall openings is one of the most difficult stages of work. And here it is important to pay attention to the following:

• In order to fire safety along the perimeter of the openings, cuts are made of non-combustible mineral wool. They must have a width of at least 200 mm, and a thickness equal to the thickness of the main insulation.
• Holes are cut out in slabs of heat-insulating material equal to the perimeter of the openings along the slopes.
• Along the windows and doorways It is better not to glue the insulation, but to blow out the formed cracks with polyurethane foam.
• The joints of the insulating material must be at a distance of at least 150 mm from the slope.

Taking these nuances into account is the key to fire safety in your home and efficient drainage from its outer walls.

Thus, wet facade technology - good decision for those who want to economically insulate the external walls of the house without losing their aesthetics.

Video: technology and subtleties of installation