One of the important links in any heating system is a radiator, which is installed in every room to be heated. It is thanks to this device that comfort and coziness is created for the residents of an apartment or private house. Therefore, the choice of a high-quality battery should be based on heat transfer, visual appeal and low cost of the radiator. But for a better understanding of the issue of purchasing such a device, you need to consider the main characteristics different models, presented, on modern construction market.

Compatibility of radiators with different heating systems

The modern heating technology market offers a wide range of radiators made of cast iron, aluminum, steel, copper and a combination of several metals. all that remains for the consumer to figure out is which heating device is suitable for a specific method of heating a home?. In this case, the choice should be based on the technical characteristics of the battery: permissible temperature indicators, pressure level, heat transfer coefficient, inertness, as well as the acid-base balance of the coolant used - indicators that correspond to the parameters of the heating system in a particular house or apartment.

The appearance of the heating battery is also important, along with the service life and cost of the device. In this case it is necessary consider in which heating scheme the radiator will be used – open system in an apartment building or closed wiring in a private house. If these criteria are neglected, then the heating efficiency will, at best, drop sharply, and in the worst case, the battery will simply fail.

How do technical characteristics affect the choice of radiator?

The main problem for the consumer is that when choosing a good radiator, the aesthetic component and the price of the battery are primarily taken into account, and not the technical and operational parameters heating equipment. Not every battery model, even from a well-known manufacturer, can withstand operating conditions in a heating network that operates in multi-story buildings.

The work of centralized heating, which we inherited from the times former USSR, is characterized by constant pressure drops, temperature fluctuations, as well as poor-quality coolant circulating through the central risers. Design temperature parameters for single-pipe domestic open-type heating systems in high-rise apartments can reach 120° C at pressure levels over 10 atmospheres. In this case, frequent thermal shocks are observed, especially when the heating main is started for the first time after being idle. summer season.

Therefore, choosing good radiator All of the above indicators must be taken into account. First of all, you need to take into account the maximum permissible temperature and pressure parameters hot water in the heating system, which are usually indicated in the documentation for the purchased heating device.

Another important parameter of any heating radiator is the heat transfer coefficient. This criterion directly affects the efficiency of heating the air in a heated room and depends on the materials used in the production of the battery. It's no secret that an aluminum battery works much more efficiently than its cast iron counterpart., in turn, a copper product is rightfully considered a leader in terms of efficiency. But focusing on just one battery characteristic is completely wrong. It is necessary to rely on both the positive and negative qualities of the heating device. Only in such a situation can you choose correctly heating radiator.

Popular options for heating radiators

Despite the wide range of different heating devices and related elements in the modern construction market today, there are several most popular types of batteries:

• cast iron heating device;
• aluminum product;
• heating battery made of steel;
• combined bimetallic radiator.

Depending on the shape and material different types radiators have both their advantages and disadvantages on which their choice should be based. But first you need to familiarize yourself with each individual heating battery model.

Heating battery made of cast iron

The massive batteries made of cast iron, painted white, familiar to every resident of our country, are gradually becoming history. They were replaced new improved radiators made of the same metal, but only with a more aesthetically attractive appearance and the same reliability, proven over the years. At the same time, they have certain advantages over competing products:

Plus, the cast iron battery is less susceptible to corrosion. This is due to the fact that as a result of the initial interaction with the coolant An insoluble black coating forms on the internal surfaces of the radiator, which acts as a protective screen that prevents contact of the air present in the water with the metal.

Destruction of a cast iron radiator if operating modes will happen very slowly. The outside of a modern battery is covered with a special heat-resistant paint coating, which reliably protects it from destruction. Radiators made of cast iron practically do not produce gases and therefore there is no bubbling, so there is no need to regularly bleed the air.

If we consider the disadvantages of cast iron radiators, then I would like to draw attention to the large weight, due to which when carrying out installation work you will need two people. Besides cast iron - metal with high level inertia. The cast iron battery warms up very slowly, but also cools down slowly, making it impossible to quickly adjust the air temperature in the heated room.

Steel heating radiator

The steel battery is shaped like a ribbed plate, inside of which there is a hermetically sealed circuit through which the coolant will circulate. Due to the large area of ​​​​this radiator and its ribbed shape ensures good heat transfer and convection of warm air masses. The thermal conductivity of steel is comparable to cast iron, but the walls of a steel battery are much thinner and therefore heat up faster. The operating pressure of a steel heating device can reach 10 atmospheres, plus it has the following advantages:

• due to its shape and visual appeal, the steel battery will easily fit into the interior of a modern home;
• the service life of a steel radiator, like its cast iron counterpart, even despite poor quality coolant in a centralized heating system is 25 years;
• a steel radiator can be installed in both single-pipe and two-pipe heating systems;
• The steel battery is easy to install and relatively inexpensive.

Among the shortcomings I would like to highlight the need to correctly calculate the number of radiator fins, since the closed design of the circuit does not allow them to be expanded to change thermal characteristics. In addition, operating steel radiators in constant voltage mode, that is, at maximum pressure, can lead to loss of tightness of steel panels.

Aluminum heating radiator

The aluminum battery has an attractive appearance and compact size. You can find it on store shelves additional sets of sections, thanks to which you can select the required quantity based on the parameters of the heated room.

Aluminum products are also available in different heights, so it is possible to install such a battery in places where a cast iron or steel counterpart would not fit. The operating pressure parameters of such a heating device reach 12 atmospheres. At the same time, such a radiator has obvious advantages:

• modern attractive appearance;
• high level of heat transfer compared to a cast iron or steel battery;
• due to the light weight of the aluminum battery, it can be installed alone;
• the ability to select the required number of sections;
• The outer side of the product is covered with a high-quality polymer layer, which protects the battery from external damage.

The main disadvantage of an aluminum radiator is its use only in closed heating systems with high-quality coolant that has a neutral acid-base balance. At the same time, in All components and pipes must match the battery material. Aluminum easily reacts with any other metals. For example, upon contact with copper, a galvanic couple is formed, which leads to electrochemical corrosion. Therefore, for heating distribution with aluminum radiators, a plastic pipeline is used with mandatory grounding of the radiators.

I would also like to note that when aluminum comes into contact with water, which is saturated with oxygen, a violent reaction occurs, as a result of which hydrogen is released. Gas bubbles accumulating in the heating system create not very pleasant sounds. Therefore, during the installation process aluminum batteries are required to be equipped with Mayevsky taps to remove air pockets.

Considering these features, the use of aluminum batteries in multi-apartment buildings with centralized heating is not advisable. First of all, this is due to the quality of the coolant, which is not controlled by anyone.

Based on the name, such batteries consist of different materials - steel and aluminum, while incorporating their best characteristics. The design of the internal circuit of the bimetallic radiator, in which the coolant circulates, is made of steel, which makes it possible to use such a device in any heating system. In its turn, external plates responsible for heat transfer to environment , are made of aluminum - a material with a high thermal conductivity coefficient. Plus, in addition to the advantages borrowed from an aluminum and steel battery, a bimetallic radiator has the following advantages:

• operating pressure level up to 35 atmospheres;
• resistance to corrosion regardless of the coolant used;
• low coefficient of inertia, allowing you to quickly change temperature regime in room;
• external attractiveness;
• ease of installation and low weight;
• possibility to select required quantity sections.

The only significant drawback is the high cost of the product, which is compensated by the reliability and long service life of the bimetallic radiator. Also, during the installation of such a bacterium, it is important to maintain a distance from the device to the wall, which should not be less than 4 cm.

In conclusion, we can come to the conclusion that in apartments with a centralized heating system it is better to install radiators made of cast iron or bimetallic analogues. In turn, in private housing construction, batteries made of steel or aluminum are considered the best option for price and quality.

During overhaul When building new housing, it is necessary to ensure that the heating system complies with modern requirements. This will help to spend less resources during operation and extend the service life of the equipment. To solve this problem, it is necessary to study heating radiators, which ones are best for an apartment, price and other important criteria. A project like this involves significant investment and a lot of labor, so careful preparation will come in handy.

For the right choice it is necessary to clarify the consumer characteristics of different products

Which radiator is better: aluminum or bimetallic? Technical characteristics overview

Dimensions, heat capacity, weight and other important characteristics depend on the material. It is this criterion that will be used further to consider individual groups of radiators. When choosing, the chemical composition of the coolant and the pressure in the system, design and other special requirements of future users are also taken into account.

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What task does this device perform and what is its advantage? What is the operating principle and correct installation? Prices also matter. More details in a special publication.

Cast iron batteries

To eliminate the skepticism developed by previous practice, you should pay attention to current products made from this metal.

As can be seen from the examples, the latest cast iron heating devices differ significantly from unsightly outdated models. They are supplied to retail chains with decorative painting. The working volume of these products is smaller, and the effective heat-emitting surface is larger. Pay attention to the special legs. They are useful for installing batteries on the floor. You won’t need special brackets, and you won’t have to damage the walls with technological holes. It should be emphasized high strength, resistance to mechanical contamination, chemical impurities, and corrosion.

Only being overweight is perhaps a disadvantage. Great inertia is assessed ambiguously:

• It is useful for long-term heat retention.
• When using electronic control systems, the corresponding delays will have to be taken into account.
• It will be difficult to quickly heat the air in the room.

Advantages and disadvantages of steel products

Blanks are created from this material using stamping. They are connected by welding and painted on the outside. To increase the area of ​​contact with air, additional ribs are installed.

This design is lightweight, with a small working volume. In this case, the main useful function is performed using convection. Heating occurs quickly and is ensured good compatibility with modern heating control systems.

The following disadvantages must be taken into account when choosing:

• Welded joints and relatively thin walls are damaged by hydraulic shocks and excessive pressure.
• The low quality of the duct walls and the lack of special protection provokes the occurrence of destructive corrosion processes.

Features of aluminum radiators

These products are installed in offices and shops, in apartment buildings and private houses. They have the following positive characteristics:

• high thermal conductivity;
• light weight;
• high pressure resistance;
• long-term preservation of the original technical and aesthetic parameters.

But it is necessary to note the “cons”:

• Aluminum is less durable than steel and cast iron. It is damaged by mechanical impurities in the coolant.
• This metal is capable of entering into chemical reactions when pH values ​​fall outside the normal range (from 7 to 8).
• When creating a pipeline, you will need to avoid contact with copper and other metals that can provoke the electrolysis process.

You need to know which heating batteries are best for an apartment, taking into account their production technology:

• The pressing technique using special forms (extrusion) is often used for processing aluminum waste. Finished goods will be less durable.
• The best quality is provided by casting. Some of these heating devices are able to withstand pipeline pressure of up to 20 atm or more without damage.
• The most expensive modifications use anodizing of surfaces. There are additional costs associated with this procedure, which increases the cost. But the formed layer of oxide compounds provides reliable protection, significantly extends service life.

Bimetallic models

The main feature of these products is clear from the name. The internal channels of bimetallic radiators are made of steel, and the outer casing is made of aluminum. This combination of materials increases resistance to various impurities and at the same time allows for high thermal conductivity and relatively low weight.

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Review of manufacturers and models, prices, specifications and the correct calculation in a special publication on our portal.

Suitable heating radiators: which ones are better for an apartment, price and other criteria

In an ordinary multi-storey city building it is difficult and even impossible to control the pressure. Here it is necessary to use products that are resistant to the relevant types of influences. To make an overall assessment of the economic feasibility of an investment, the expected service life must be taken into account. Information about the power of a single standard section will be useful to make the correct calculation.

The following table provides data on different types heating batteries in the apartment.

To roughly calculate the required heating devices, you can use simple proportions:

• per 1 sq. m. from 90 to 110 W;
• per 1 cubic meter V panel house– 41 W;
• per 1 cubic meter in a brick building - 34 W.

Note! When figuring out how to choose a radiator heating battery, it makes no sense to use more complex formulas in standard situations. To avoid problems in extremely severe frosts and difficult operating conditions, the radiator power is set with a margin of 15-20%.

Market offers

To find out which better radiators heating for an apartment, prices and other parameters can be taken from the following table.

Model/ Brand	Type	Thermal flow one sections, W	Gaba- ritas in mm (w x h x d)	Weight, kg	Dove- laziness (pres- nocturnal), atm.	Admissible stimulating tempo ratio water in °C.	Price, rub.
LK 22-512/ Lidea	steel- Noah	2590 (for the sake of ator)	1200 x 500 x 102	33,5	13	120	4400- 4800
BZ-140-300 (Belarus)	cast iron- ny	120	98 x 376 x 140	5,4	15	130	2100- 2300
Alum 500/ Rifar	aluminum Nievy	180	80's 565 x 98	1,45	30	135	540- 620
DuclaB100/ Standard Hidravlika	bimetal- personal	215	80's 563 x 100	1,7	24	120	580- 680

Which heating radiators are best installed in an apartment: conclusions and additional recommendations

To make the right decision you will need to take into account:

• intended purpose;
• required power;
• nominal and maximum pressure in the system;
• cleanliness and chemical composition coolant;
• parameters of connected equipment;
• manufacturer restrictions and official guarantees;
• features of future use.

The materials in this article explain how to choose heating radiators for an apartment. But in any case, it is necessary to draw conclusions based on the parameters of a particular property and the requirements of future users.

How to choose the right heating radiator (video)

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Bimetallic heating radiators. Which ones are better to choose, detailed analysis of types and manufacturers

The quality and efficiency of the heating system affects the creation of a comfortable environment in the living space. One of the main elements of the heating system is the radiator, which transfers heat from the heated coolant using radiation, convection and thermal conductivity.

They are divided into separate groups depending on the material of manufacture, design, shape, and application.

One of important details What you need to pay attention to when choosing is the material of manufacture. The modern market offers several options: aluminum, cast iron, steel, bimetallic heating devices.

Aluminum heat exchangers comprehensively heat the room by thermal radiation and convection, which occurs through the movement of heated air from the lower sections of the heater to the upper ones.

Main characteristics:

• Working pressure from 5 to 16 atmospheres;
• Thermal power of one section is 81–212 W;
• The maximum water heating temperature is 110 degrees;
• The pH of the water is 7–8;
• The service life is 10–15 years.

There are two manufacturing methods:

1. Liteva.

At high blood pressure Separate sections are made of aluminum with the addition of silicon (no more than 12%), which are fastened together into one heating device. The number of sections varies; additional ones can be attached to one section.

1. Extrusion method.

This method is cheaper than casting and involves making the vertical parts of the battery using an extruder, and the collector from silumin (an alloy of aluminum and silicon). The parts are connected; adding or reducing sections is not possible.

Advantages:

1. High thermal conductivity
2. Light weight, easy installation
3. Increased level of heat transfer, which is facilitated by the design features of the heat exchanger.
4. Modern design that allows you to fit into any interior.
5. Thanks to the reduced volume of coolant in the sections, aluminum units heat up quickly.
6. The design of the battery allows the installation of thermostats and thermal valves, which contribute to economical heat consumption by regulating the heating of the coolant to the required temperature.
7. Easy to install, installation is possible without the involvement of professionals.
8. The outer coating of the battery prevents paint peeling.
9. Low cost.

Flaws:

1. Sensitive to shocks and other physical influences, as well as pressure surges. These batteries are contraindicated for installation on industrial enterprises due to high pressure in the heating system.
2. The need to constantly maintain the pH level of water within acceptable values.
3. Contaminated coolant - water with solid particles, chemical impurities - damages the internal protective layer walls, causing their destruction, the formation of corrosion and blockages, which reduces their service life. Filters need to be installed and cleaned.
4. Aluminum reacts with oxygen in water, resulting in the release of hydrogen. This leads to gas formation in the heating system. To prevent rupture, an air release device must be installed, which requires constant maintenance.
5. The joints between sections are prone to leakage.
6. Aluminum radiators are not compatible with copper pipes , which are often used in modern heating systems. When they interact, oxidation processes occur.
7. Weak convection.

Characteristics:

• Heat dissipation – 1200–1800 W;
• Working pressure indicator – from 6 to 15 atmospheres;
• The hot water temperature is 110–120 C.
• Steel thickness is from 1.15 to 1.25 mm.

Advantages:

1. Low inertia. The steel heat exchanger heats up very quickly and begins to transfer heat to the room
2. Increased heat transfer through thermal radiation and convection
3. Long service life thanks to simple design
4. Ease of installation
5. A light weight
6. Low cost
7. Attractive appearance, original design. Steel are manufactured in various forms allowing them to be placed vertically, horizontally and at an angle
8. Compatible with a variety of fastening materials
9. High level of energy saving
10. Installation of temperature controllers
11. Simple design allows for easy maintenance

Flaws:

1. Low corrosion resistance. Units made from the thickest steel can withstand a service life of no more than ten years.
2. You cannot leave it inside for a long time without water, which is not suitable for central heating.
3. Inability to withstand strong water hammer and pressure surges, especially in weld areas.
4. If the outer coating was originally applied with flaws, it will begin to peel off over time.

Models of steel radiators differ in the type of connection - it can be side or bottom. The bottom connection is considered universal; it is discreet in the interior, but more expensive.

Depending on the number of panels and convectors, or internal sections, there are several types.

Type 10 has one panel without a convector, 11 has one panel and one convector, 21 has two heating panels and one internal section, and so on, by analogy, types 22, 33 and others are divided. Three-panel heat exchangers are quite heavy, heat up more slowly and require more complex maintenance.

They are made of several identical sections cast from cast iron and hermetically connected to each other. When installing such a heater, it is necessary to decide on the number of sections, which depends on the area of ​​the room, the number of windows, the height of the floor, and the corner placement of the apartment.

Characteristics:

• Withstand pressure 18 atmospheres;
• Hot water temperature – 150 C;
• Power 100–150 W;

Advantages:

1. Resistant to corrosion. Cast iron is a wear-resistant material; the quality of the coolant does not affect functionality.
2. Retains heat for a long time after heating stops.
3. Service life 30 years or more.
4. Compatible with other materials.
5. Increased heat transfer due to the vertical arrangement of the internal fins.
6. Heat resistance, strength.
7. Due to the internal diameter and volume of the sections, minimal hydraulic resistance is created and blockages do not occur.

Flaws:

1. Heavy weight, making it difficult to install and move.
2. Slow heating.
3. Impossibility of integrating a temperature controller.
4. Difficult to care for and paint.
5. The outer coating is not durable and may peel and flake. For this reason, it becomes necessary to periodically paint the battery.
6. Unpresentable appearance.
7. Increased fuel costs due to large internal volume.
8. U cast iron heat exchangers a porous inner surface that collects contaminants, which over time will lead to a deterioration in the thermal conductivity of the battery.

This type includes devices with an aluminum body and steel pipes inside. They are most common when installed in residential areas.

Characteristics:

• Working pressure indicator – from 18 to 40 atmospheres;
• Thermal power – 125–180 W;
• The permissible coolant temperature is from 110 to 130 degrees;
• The warranty period is on average 20 years.

Varieties:

1. Bimetallic 100%, i.e. the inner core consists of steel, outer part– made of aluminum. They are stronger.
2. 50% bimetallic - only those pipes that reinforce vertical channels are made of steel. They are cheaper in cost than the first type and heat up faster.

Advantages:

1. Long service life without the need for maintenance.
2. Increased level of heat transfer. This is achieved due to the rapid heating of aluminum panels and the small internal volume of the steel core.
3. Strength, reliability, resistance to mechanical stress and pressure surges.
4. Resistance to corrosion due to the use of high-strength steel with a special coating.
5. Light weight, easy installation.
6. Aesthetic appearance that fits into the interior.

Flaws:

1. Expensive.
2. During the draining of water from the heating system, with simultaneous exposure to air and water, the steel core may be subject to corrosion. In this case, it is better to use bimetallic models with a copper core and aluminum panels.
3. Aluminum and steel differ in their thermal expansion rates. Therefore, instability of heat transfer, characteristic noise and crackling inside the device are possible in the first years of operation.

For proper operation of a bimetal heat exchanger, it is recommended to install an air exhaust valve and shut-off valves on the inlet and outlet pipes.

Based on design features, they are divided into the following types:

1. Sectional
2. Panel
3. Tubular

Devices consisting of sections of the same type connected together, inside each of which there are from two to four channels through which the coolant moves.

The housing with sections is assembled to the required thermal power, length, and shape. Made from various materials– steel, aluminum, cast iron, bimetals.

Advantages:

1. The ability to install additional sections or remove unnecessary ones depending on the required length of the heat exchanger and the area of ​​the heated room.
2. Increased heat transfer produced by radiation and convection.
3. By increasing the number of sections, the power of the radiator increases.
4. Low cost.
5. Economical.
6. Installation of temperature regulators.
7. Various center distances allow the heater to be installed anywhere.

Flaws:

1. The joints between sections are susceptible to water leaks, and with sharply increasing pressure they can separate.
2. Difficulties in maintenance associated with removing contaminants in the space between sections.
3. The inner surface of the sections has unevenness, which creates blockages.

They consist of two metal shields treated with anti-corrosion protection, fastened together by welding. Inside the panels, coolant circulates through vertical channels, and ribs are attached to the back side to increase the area of ​​the heated surface in a U shape.

Panel heat exchangers are divided into one-, two-, and three-row and are made of steel.

Advantages:

1. The variety of sizes of panel boards allows you to select for heating in accordance with the area of ​​the room. Depending on the dimensions, power increases or decreases. The large surface area of ​​the shields has increased heat transfer.
2. Due to its low inertia, the battery quickly responds to temperature changes.
3. A light weight.
4. Thanks to the compact design, the battery can be placed in hard to reach places premises.
5. Low cost.
6. To heat a panel radiator, several times less water is required than for a sectional one.
7. Aesthetic appearance.
8. Ease of installation due to integral design.

Flaws:

1. Cannot be used in high pressure systems.
2. They need clean coolant without chemical impurities and dirt.
3. It is impossible to increase or decrease the dimensions for heating as is the case with sectional ones.
4. If painting with a protective material is of poor quality, corrosion may occur.
5. Sensitivity to water hammer.

They consist of vertical tubes from 1 to 6, connected by a lower and upper manifold. Thanks to its simple design, unhindered and efficient coolant circulation is ensured.

The level of heat transfer depends on the thickness of the tubes and the dimensions of the unit itself, which vary from 30 cm to 3 m. The operating pressure withstandable by tubular models is up to 20 atmospheres. Made from steel.

Main advantage– resistance to pressure changes. The rounded edges and shape of the tubes do not allow dust and other contaminants to accumulate on their surface. The appearance is stylish and modern, the variety of shapes allows you to create a designer model for any interior. Strong welded joints prevent water leakage.

Flaws: susceptibility to corrosion and cost.

Thanks to convection, such radiators thoroughly warm the air in the room.

When creating comfortable living conditions, attention is paid to details that should harmoniously fit into the design of a residential or public premises. Often, when implementing a design project, you need to organically fit every element into it.

The heating device also has a variety of shapes that can create the integrity of the interior. These include vertical, flat, mirror, floor, baseboard devices made of various materials.

Units with vertical placement were created for those cases where indoor installation is not possible. It depends both on the interior design and on the dimensions or non-standard shape living space.

The vertical heat exchanger can be made part of the interior and not hidden behind decorative elements. The main difference is the dimensions, where the length exceeds the width, and vertical placement on the wall. A device of this type is indispensable in a room with panoramic windows.

Vertical radiators can be various designs- panel, tubular, sectional, and made of various materials - cast iron, steel, aluminum. According to the method of connection to the heating system, there are side, bottom and diagonal.

Advantages:

1. Large assortment of shapes and sizes, colors.
2. Compactness, which is achieved by reducing the length of the battery along the wall.
3. Decorativeness is also expressed in the invisibility of all its fastening and connecting elements.
4. Ease of installation, which is achieved due to its low weight and integrity of its structure.
5. Large area for increased heat transfer.
6. Heating speed.
7. No heating required large quantity water, which helps save.
8. Easy to care for.

Flaws:

1. Expensive
2. The thermal performance of the heater may decrease due to the fact that the air above will always be warmer than the air below. Accordingly, the upper part will give off less heat than the lower part.
3. Uneven distribution of heat over the entire area of ​​the room due to the fact that radiated heat accumulates in the upper part of the room.
4. It is recommended to install a battery with a reducer to normalize internal pressure.

In other cases, the disadvantages and advantages correspond to those characteristic of each type regular batteries– sectional, tubular, panel.

Factors influencing work efficiency:

1. One- or two-pipe connection in the system. The first is less economical in water consumption, but is easy to install and does not require unnecessary costs.
2. Type of water supply to the system – top, bottom, side.
3. Method of connection to the heating system. Diagonal connection is considered universal.

The effectiveness of heat transfer depends on the correct connection to the heating system. Before installation, it is important to insulate part of the wall to reduce heat loss.

For compact placement and freeing up space, flat models are used.

Characteristics:

• Smooth front panel that does not allow dust to accumulate on it.
• Dimensions – from 30 cm to 3 m.
• A small amount of water is consumed, which makes it easy to regulate using thermostats.
• Bottom and side connection.
• Used as decorative element, strict shapes or bright colors.

The operation is similar to panel and sectional: a coolant circulates between two metal sheets; if a heating element is installed, an electric flat version is obtained.

Working pressure is up to ten atmospheres, maximum water heating is 110 C. There are single-panel, double-panel and three-panel heaters.

The main advantage is its compact size and fast heating. In addition, they are easy to care for and have an attractive and stylish appearance. The decoration of flat heat exchangers allows them to fit into any room design, and the mirror surface will replace the mirror. Small installation depth and good thermal radiation indicator.

The disadvantages include the impossibility of installation in wet areas to avoid corrosion, as well as the high cost.

Flat and vertical should be equipped with air release devices, since this arrangement causes a difference in internal pressure.

A radiator identical to conventional wall-mounted heat exchangers, but installed on a horizontal surface. It consists of a heat exchanger with a coolant circulating in it, surrounded by plates of aluminum or steel and closed on the outside with a metal sheathing or protective casing.

Equipped with a valve to remove air and connect to pipes of any diameter. The only difference from the wall-mounted options is that the floor radiator is attached to the floor or stands independently on it.

Characteristics:

• Working pressure indicators up to 15 atmospheres;
• The heating temperature of the outer casing is up to 60 degrees;
• Coolant temperature – 110 C;
• Dimensions are up to 2 m in length and 1 m in height on average.

They are made of cast iron, aluminum, steel, bimetals. Many of the models can be transformed from wall-mounted to floor-mounted and vice versa using brackets.

Advantages:

1. Fire- and injury-proof.
2. Uniform heating of the room.
3. A variety of shapes and sizes to suit the interior style and at the request of the buyer.
4. The use of copper in the heat exchanger improves anti-corrosion qualities and increases service life.
5. Built-in electronic and automated control.
6. Economical.
7. Installation is possible anywhere in the room where a hot water supply pipe is supplied.
8. Providing natural convection.
9. Built-in additional functions heat and purify the surrounding air.
10. Floor heat exchanger – convenient option in rooms where it is not possible to install wall-mounted ones due to weight, or where panoramic windows are installed.
11. Compact sizes.
12. Increased heat transfer.
13. Resistance to mechanical stress.

Flaws:

1. There may be problems with installation, since installing a floor radiator involves connecting pipes hidden under the floor.
2. The cost with copper pipes and aluminum plates is quite high. Cast iron models They are cheaper, but have lower thermal conductivity. Steel floor models have low heat transfer.

Comfortable atmosphere in the bathroom, lack of dampness, unpleasant odor, maintaining an optimal level of humidity will ensure a correctly installed radiator.

Divided by heating method and shape:

1. Water heated by running water

They are connected to the heating system of the house using the conventional wall method. Additionally, it can be equipped with thermostats, with the help of which the required surface temperature is set.

It is recommended to use as an external covering of a water unit. stainless steel, copper or brass.

1. Electrical

Functions autonomously, built inside a heating element, operating from the network. Ease of installation. It is not able to heat the entire area of ​​the bathroom, so it is advisable to use it in conjunction with other heaters, for example, with a heated floor system. In addition, this type is more expensive to maintain than a water type.

1. Combined: water and electric.

Capable of operating from the heating system and from the network. The downside is the cost. There are simple forms and designer ones.

Depending on the material there are:

1. Cast iron.

Pros: increased heat transfer, cheap price, good service life.

Cons: unattractive appearance. If there is no protective polymer layer, the outer paint coating will peel off and the battery will lose its appearance.

1. Steel.

Disadvantages: susceptibility to corrosion, leaks that occur over time, which break through under strong water pressure.

1. Aluminum.

Pros: light weight, compact size, attractive appearance.

Disadvantages: not suitable for systems with centralized heating, since they do not tolerate water hammer and coolant contaminated with sand and chemical impurities.

1. Bimetallic.

Pros: service life (up to 20 years), good heat transfer performance, resistance to water hammer and pressure changes.

Cons: cost.

1. Infrared.

Pros: convenient mounting anywhere in the bathroom, keeping usable area premises, the ability to regulate temperature, heating objects in the room.

Cons: high cost.

The heating radiator in the bathroom, regardless of type and shape, can be closed decorative panel. This way the surface will not be exposed to external influences with a constant amount of emitted heat.

Radiator for apartment

In apartment buildings, not every unit can be used effectively for many years.

It is necessary to take into account the features of the central heating system:

1. The coolant is contaminated in the form of various chemical impurities that can cause corrosion over time.
2. Hard grains of sand and other blockages affect the pipe walls over time, causing them to wear out.
3. The water temperature changes, as does the acidity level.
4. Pressure surges cause divergence of the weld joints on the walls.

Selection options:

1. The operating pressure in the unit specified by the manufacturer exceeds the pressure in the heating system.
2. The heating device is resistant to water hammer.
3. The inner surface of the heat exchanger walls must be with a special protective coating, protecting from chemical exposure elements on top of each other, and the thickness of the walls must withstand the physical effects of clogging particles from the inside.
4. It is worth choosing the one with the greatest heat transfer.
5. Duration of service life.
6. Exterior design.

Options suitable for installation in an apartment:

1. Bimetallic.

They meet all the necessary parameters for installation and long service in an apartment in a multi-storey building. They withstand water hammer, the maximum operating pressure is up to 50 atmospheres, internal and external treatment with a protective coating protects the surface from corrosion and wear.

Light weight makes installation easy, and the appearance is attractive in any interior. The only negative is that it is expensive.

1. Cast iron.

The long service life, thick walls, resistance to corrosion, and chemically passive material of such heat exchangers create conditions for use in an apartment. Cast iron retains heat for a long time compared to other materials. Radiation heating is more effective than convection.

Good heat transfer, affordable price, when draining water from the system, the inner surface does not rust. Disadvantages - cast iron may not withstand too large pressure surges, it is heavy and creates inconvenience during installation.

Not suitable for installation in an apartment:

1. Steel.

They cannot withstand the pressure typical of a central heating system, despite good heat transfer and economical use of resources.

1. Aluminum.

Aluminum quickly corrodes when combined with water containing chemical impurities and its pH level, and cannot withstand high pressure in the heating system.

Bimetallic and cast iron are suitable. If the height of the house is more than five floors, and non-cast iron batteries were initially installed in the apartment, it is recommended to install bimetallic ones.

To select the correct heater in a private house you need to rely on the following features of an autonomous heating system:

1. Unlike a centralized heating system, an autonomous one operates at low pressure and without chemical impurities.
2. Absence large differences pressure.
3. The acidity level of the water is relatively constant.

Before choosing, it is necessary to make an accurate calculation of the released thermal energy in accordance with the area of ​​the premises.

The heat loss of the building should be taken into account in order to select the correct power. Important factors are its size, as well as the price-quality ratio.

Peculiarities:

1. Steel.

Sectional and panel types are an affordable option with good heat dissipation and an attractive appearance. In a private house with large window openings allows you to block the access of cold air from outside.

Tubular steel ones have similar positive characteristics, but the price is higher.

Advantages of steel heat exchangers when used in a private home: light weight, convenient sizes, long term operation, efficiency and lack of oxidation from low-quality coolant.

Disadvantages: the need to constantly fill with water to avoid corrosion, maintenance every three years to avoid blockages inside the battery, and sensitivity to mechanical stress.

1. Aluminum.

Due to its high thermal output, the aluminum heat exchanger is suitable for autonomous heating systems. For long service life, you need to monitor the pH level of the water.

When choosing this type of radiator, you need to make an accurate calculation of the area of ​​the room, otherwise there is a risk of temperature differences between the floor and ceiling. Must be equipped with temperature, pressure sensors and dirt filters.

1. Bimetallic.

The characteristics are suitable for use in a private home, but the cost is high. Since an autonomous heating system does not require resistance to powerful pressure surges and an aggressive coolant environment, you can find a profitable option with the parameters necessary for high-quality service.

The cost of a bimetallic radiator will pay off due to its long service life.

1. Cast iron.

Due to the fact that the cast iron radiator cools slowly, you can save on fuel resources. Increased resistance to corrosion and strength in relation to low cost can provide a long service life, which is suitable for heating a private home.

Disadvantage - it requires periodic maintenance, cleaning, painting, and the need to firmly fasten the cast iron battery.

When the question of which heating radiators is best to choose for a private home appears on the agenda, there are many who nostalgically recall Soviet cast-iron “accordions” - although bulky, they are hot and warm the room well. Indeed, at one time such batteries worked “excellently,” but now they are deteriorating and are considered obsolete. They have already been replaced by new, more efficient, convenient and cost-effective models.

But the main problem is that there are many diametrically opposed opinions regarding new radiators. And in practice it’s the same: you go to neighbors who have installed modern radiators at home - some are warm, while others are cold. At the same time, both places have almost identical heating batteries - that is, which of them is better for a private home does not always depend on the specific model. In our article we will try to figure out which heating radiators are best for a private home.

Warmth in the house does not always depend on the quality of the selected radiators

Features of heating networks in a private house

Unlike multi-apartment buildings, an autonomous heating system is installed in a private house, that is, it does not depend on the central boiler room, which means that the pressure in the network and the temperature of the coolant will be completely different. Therefore, when choosing a radiator for a private home, you need to consider the following points:

• In private houses, the pressure on the coolant, and with it on the tanks and radiator pipes, is much less than in multi-storey buildings. Thus, the batteries do not experience overload, so you can choose any, including thin-walled models.

There is a horror story among residents of apartment buildings about pipes bursting due to water hammer due to sudden pressure surges in the water supply. In fact, there can be no water hammer even in apartment buildings, not to mention heating systems in cottages. But in private homes, especially those in which people do not live all the time, another problem may arise - freezing of water in the pipes. It is in this case that the batteries may simply burst if you forget to drain the water from the system before leaving.

Even cast iron batteries cannot always withstand system freezing

• In a private house, the length of the pipeline from the heat source (boiler, stove) to the radiator is very short compared to multi-story buildings. Therefore, heat loss is minimal, and the coolant is more heated. Conclusion: in a private house there should be radiators that can withstand high-temperature coolant.
• A little liquid is needed to fill the heating system, so you can add antifreeze or ethyl alcohol to it. This protects pipes and radiators so that they do not freeze if the boiler is turned off for a long time.

Adding antifreeze to the heating system

• When choosing heating radiators, which ones are best for a private home should be determined based on the size of the heated area. In cottages there is a lot of space, and therefore energy consumption for heating is also large. It is advisable to install batteries that will warm up your home at a minimum cost.

Guided by these simple rules, you can buy the optimally suitable model.

Classes of heating radiators and their types and features

The principle of operation of a radiator is to transfer heat to the surrounding space from the coolant fluid circulating in this heating device.

The autonomous heating system (AHS) consists of:

• boiler;
• pipelines;
• thermal elements.

Autonomous heating system

The table shows the main types of thermal appliances:

In addition, heating devices are divided into the following classes; let’s consider a unique rating of heating radiators from this side:

Sectional

They consist of heating sections that are connected to each other. The more sections, the more heat they will transfer to the surrounding space. To prevent the room from overheating, special thermostats are installed on the radiators to regulate the temperature.

Thermostatic tap for temperature regulation

Standard cast iron radiators are also sectional: heat from them is transferred in the form of infrared radiation, evenly distributed throughout the room - top, bottom and middle. Such batteries have large dimensions and thick walls, which accumulate enough heat so that it is emitted in the infrared spectrum. It is this method of heating that is considered optimal for human health, although it must be borne in mind that part of the heating also occurs through convection.

Thanks to the thick walls, such batteries have high thermal inertia - therefore, after turning off the AOS, the radiators remain hot for a long time. Cast iron is not very susceptible to corrosion and is not afraid of harmful impurities in the coolant - the service life of such devices reaches 50 years. One of the disadvantages is the heavy weight.

Aluminum radiators have good heat transfer (1/2 radiation + 1/2 convection) and quickly warm up the room. Compared to cast iron, they are more lightweight, and in general, the ability to transfer heat into the room is several times higher than that of cast iron and steel.

Sectional radiator

An additional advantage of modern models is the ability to regulate the temperature using a valve with a thermal head. The metal surface is coated with a protective coating, which increases its service life. The cost of aluminum radiators is low, and therefore the prices are more affordable.

Aluminum radiators cannot withstand high overloads, so they are not used in central heating systems (CHS). They break due to pressure surges, the presence of rust or sand particles in the coolant. Chemical additives are not allowed in liquids.

Bimetallic heating radiators consist of external aluminum plates and steel pipes located inside the sections. They are valued for their reliability and durability, but are not cheap. Equally well suited for centralized and autonomous heating systems.

Radiators are also produced that have only steel-reinforced vertical pipes. These are no longer completely bimetallic devices; they are less corrosion resistant. Among their advantages, it is worth noting their high thermal conductivity, which is higher than that of real bimetallic radiators.

On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer house insulation services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Tubular

Steel tubular heating devices give off heat well, are economical in terms of energy consumption, and heat up quickly. Their disadvantage is that they are sensitive to oxidative processes. If the coolant fluid does not fill the steel radiator reservoirs, it will begin to corrode. Another weakness of a steel radiator is its hypersensitivity to water quality. Even if the water is considered good by usual standards and can be drunk, it is recommended to install filters to minimize the formation of scale.

A steel tubular radiator can be placed in a narrow niche

The sizes of steel tubular radiators are from 30 cm to 3 m. The number of rows of tubes is 1–9. They are considered very reliable - the permissible operating pressure for a number of devices Russian manufacturers reaches 15 atm. Radiator reservoirs are designed to hold a large volume of liquid, so they quickly reach the required temperature levels when it is necessary to increase or decrease power. The method of heat transfer is radiation and convection.

Also steel radiators used as heated towel rails, which, in addition to drying clothes, provide additional heating in bathrooms

Steel tubular radiator bench

Floor radiators-benches on support legs are steel tubular heating devices with a seat in the form wooden board upstairs. They are connected to the heating system in the same way as conventional radiators. They can also serve as the main heating device in rooms such as the kitchen, bathroom, hallway.

Panel

These steel radiators are panel rectangular shape, acting as a heating device. The panel consists of 2 ribbed sheets welded to each other; plates with a U-shaped relief are placed inside.

Steel panel radiator

Operating pressure is 6–8 atm, high sensitivity to pressure changes, therefore they are used only in autonomous heating systems for residential and commercial premises. Such radiators can consist of 1, 2, 3 heating plates. React quickly to temperature changes. The main method of heat transfer is convection. The choice of sizes of such devices is wide enough so that they can be selected for a room of any size.

Sectional panel radiator

Internal structure of panel radiators with 1, 2, 3 heating plates

Ceiling thermal panels consist of steel plates to which pipes intended for coolant are welded. Their use is advisable in rooms with high ceilings from 3 to 20 m. Heat transfer is carried out by radiation.

Ceiling panels

Lamellar

Plate heating devices consist of horizontally arranged pipes to which metal plates are welded, thereby increasing the surface area for heat transfer. Heat transferrs can additionally be covered with protective covers. The advantage of such radiators is their reliability - they can be used for centralized and autonomous heating. The main method of heat transfer is convective, so the space is heated unevenly: it is much warmer on top. They are mainly used for offices, corridors, garages and utility rooms, but there are also models for residential premises.

Modern plate batteries

Rules for the location of batteries in the house

In order for the system to work properly, installation rules must be strictly followed. Although the installation technology is not complicated, it has its own nuances, so the work must be carried out by specialists.

Important! If radiators are installed incorrectly, they are not covered by the warranty.

In order to avoid heat loss and uneven heating of the room, when installing devices it is necessary to observe indentations and choose the correct location:

• The most suitable option For the battery, the place under the window is considered, i.e. where the heat loss is the most significant. The radiator width must be at least 70% of the window width. Mounted clearly in the middle.

Correct battery placement

• Leave at least 10 cm from the battery to the windowsill, as well as to the floor. The optimal distance between the floor and the radiator is 12 cm. It is not recommended to leave more than 15 cm.
• The battery is fixed at a distance of 5 cm from the wall.
• You can stick heat-reflecting material behind the radiator - then some of the heat will not go into the wall, but will return to the room.
• If the radiator is planned to be placed not under the window sill, but on the wall, then the distance between them should be at least 20 mm.

Video description

For more information about installing batteries in a private home, watch the video:

Calculation of the number of sections

It is not necessary to look for the most expensive heating devices to make the room comfortable. The main thing is to correctly calculate the number of sections. If the rooms are standard, then this greatly simplifies the calculations.

Often they resort to calculations based on the volume of space because they are simple, but at the same time give fairly accurate results.

1. 1 m³ requires 41 W of power. If good double-glazed windows are installed and heat loss is minimal, then the figure drops to 34 W.
2. Room volume (m³) = area (m²) × height (m).
3. Required heating power for the entire room (W) = room volume (m³) × 41 W (or 34 W).
4. In the technical data sheets of devices, manufacturers indicate the heat transfer of one section.
5. The total power (the value calculated in point 3) must be divided by the heat transfer of one section. The resulting number is the number of sections.

For example, the required thermal power is 2890 W, and the heat output of one section is 170 W. Then for this room you need to purchase 17 sections.

In a non-standard room, calculations are made using a more complex formula

If the room is non-standard, the calculations become more complicated. For calculus total power the features of double-glazed windows (double or triple), thermal insulation parameters of walls, the ratio of window and floor sizes, ceiling heights and other parameters are taken into account. Designers calculate all this using specialized software.

Which radiators to choose for a wooden house

Heating a wooden house ( we're talking about first of all about log houses), indeed, has its own characteristics, since the thermal conductivity of wood is low and depends on its species. In addition, it is necessary to ensure maximum fire safety. But in general, the issue of providing heat, as well as safety, rests primarily on the correct installation of the heating system, the choice of boiler and the number of radiators. There are no restrictions on the type of radiators here: steel, cast iron, bimetallic, aluminum - all of them can be used in a wooden frame.

Any type of radiator is suitable for a wooden house

Which heating batteries to choose for a private home and cottage

It is not difficult to select batteries for a private home, because the autonomous heating system operates without significant overloads, which a centralized system experiences. Here you can connect any radiators, focusing on the required power, quality, efficiency, and cost of the device.

Many owners of private houses prefer aluminum radiators. They are cheaper than cast iron, more economical to operate and have higher heat transfer rates, and the sensitivity of aluminum devices to water hammer in autonomous system heating can be neglected.

If you want to choose batteries based on the brand name, then you can take into account the unspoken rating of aluminum heating radiators for a private home. The top positions here belong to the brands Calidor, Global, Rifar, STI, which are well suited for operation in Russian climatic conditions.

Modern radiators even in the coldest weather they will provide a comfortable atmosphere in the room

Steel radiators are no less common, which is not surprising, because they are reliable, affordable, able to warm up quickly and have good heat dissipation. Here, in the ranking of steel heating radiators for a private home, the leading places are occupied by Kermi, Purmo, Zehnder, Sunerzha.

Among the worthy brands producing bimetallic radiators are the Russian Rifar and the Italian Global. Those who decide to purchase cast iron heaters should pay attention to Konner (Russia), Guratec (Germany), Retro Style (Russia).

As a result, all radiators are universal, which means posing the question of which heating radiators are best for a private house with a gas boiler is not entirely correct, because when choosing, they are mainly guided by the required power, the features of the room and the possibilities of the budget.

Video description

To see the differences between radiators, watch the video:

Radiator prices

The cost of heating devices varies significantly depending on the following factors:

• brand and country of origin;
• material and production technology;
• design.

Italian, German, Finnish, and Czech batteries are more expensive than Russian ones, but in terms of their technical and operational characteristics, products from domestic manufacturers are not much inferior and even superior to many foreign analogues.

Buying heating radiators for a private home is quite expensive. But if you make the right calculations and select cost-effective devices, then costs can be significantly reduced.

The average cost of aluminum radiators per section is in the range of 1227–8200 rubles, bimetallic devices – 3000–11900 rubles. The cheapest of them can be purchased at a price of 1100 rubles. The range of prices for steel radiators is also quite wide: from 830 to 60,000 rubles. Steel models costing from 3,500 to 26,000 rubles are popular. Inexpensive cast iron batteries can be purchased for 500–1000 rubles. Cast iron appliances are in demand for RUR 3,000–8,000.

Retro-style batteries can be found from 8,000 rubles.

Cast iron batteries retro style

If batteries are needed for an entire house, then even inexpensive devices cost a pretty penny. In addition, costs will be added for related products: valves, thermostat heads, brackets and other parts.

Conclusion

Correct installation of the heating system in general and any of its components in particular requires specialized knowledge, without which it is difficult not only to install, but even to select all the components. As a result, you need to turn this question to professionals - experienced craftsmen will make accurate calculations and take into account not only the footage, but also other features of the room, and will tell you which heating is best for a private home in your case. They dismantle the old batteries, quickly and, most importantly, correctly, install new ones. They will check the operation of the heating system and provide technical and warranty documentation.

Which batteries are best for central heating? And for a private house with autonomous heating? Can a heating device be made by hand? Let's have a short overview of the possible options.

Features of heating systems

Than in terms of heating devices What is the difference between centralized heating and an autonomous heating system?

• Higher operating pressure in central heating systems. Typical central heating parameters in winter are 4 - 5 kgf/cm2 in the supply and 0.2 atmospheres less in the return pipeline.

Please note: we are not talking about the parameters of the heating main, but about what is done after the house valves of the elevator unit.

In low-rise private houses, the working pressure in the kennel rarely exceeds 2 kgf/cm2.

• The likelihood of water hammer, exceeding the design pressure, or using a coolant with a dangerously high temperature is much greater in the case of central heating. This shouldn't happen, but it does. The human factor, you know...

From these positions, among other things, we will try to find out which heating batteries are better.

Options

Cast iron radiators

Readers had an excellent opportunity to see their most unsightly version under every window in Soviet-built apartments. Now on sale you can find quite beautiful solutions made of cast iron, positioned as designer; however, you may not like their price.

The photo shows a modern cast iron radiator.

For the most part, however, what is meant is precisely that sectional structure, the appearance of which has changed little over the past half century.

What do we know about her?

• Gray cast iron is afraid of shock loads. A strong impact may cause the section to crack; water hammer can theoretically lead to its complete destruction.
• The channels in the sections have a large cross-section. For us, this means slow movement of the coolant and rapid silting of the batteries. Washing is recommended at least once every three years.
• The weak point of cast iron sections is the paronite gaskets between them. Over time, cooled batteries begin to leak along the joints. The problem can be treated by reassembling the sections and replacing the gaskets.
• Working pressure - up to 16 kgf/cm2; More often you can find devices with a declared pressure of up to 12 atmospheres.

Plate steel radiators

We will touch on them very briefly: the only advantage of plate batteries is their compactness. When installed near the wall, they will take up almost no space in the room. But corrosion-resistant steel and water are not best combination: the service life of these devices is no more than 7 years.

Aluminum radiators

The great advantage of aluminum is its high thermal conductivity. With a small channel cross-section, they have excellent heat transfer. Due to the high speed of coolant movement and the smooth internal surface, aluminum radiators rarely need to be flushed.

Most commercially produced aluminum batteries claim the same operating parameters:

• Temperature - up to 110 - 130C;
• Pressure - up to 16 atmospheres.

In theory, for typical parameters of heating systems - both central heating and autonomous - this will be enough. In practice, two nuances intervene.

1. Water hammer can deform or tear aluminum.
2. When using a copper pipeline, copper and aluminum form a galvanic couple with rapid destruction of the latter. If in a private house you choose which pipes to use, then in an apartment building literally a couple of meters away from you there is a connection to your neighbors’ radiators. And it can be made from anything...

Bimetallic radiators

Both problems are successfully solved by inserting a steel core into aluminum. combine the high thermal conductivity of aluminum, which in combination with developed fins provides excellent heat transfer, with the strength and chemical stability of steel.

However: stainless steel is rarely used in bimetallic radiators, and corrosion-resistant steels, albeit slowly, are destroyed by rust.

However, while aluminum and cast iron can be rated at a MAXIMUM of 16 atmospheres, bimetal is the minimum they are designed for. A good working pressure is considered to be 25 kgf/cm2; The Russian company Rifar even has a Monolith series, which includes devices with a working pressure of 100 atmospheres.

The steel core provides strength, aluminum fins provide heat transfer.

Registers

Our gallery ends with the simplest and cheapest heating device - a register.

The instructions for making it are extremely simple:

• An even number of pipes DN50 - DN150 are cut to the required length, depending on the required heat transfer.
• The ends of the pipes are jammed.
• Holes are cut in the pipes corresponding to the internal cross-section of thinner jumper pipes, after which the structure is welded. The register must form a circuit through which the coolant can circulate without any pockets or stagnant zones.

In garages and production premises Sometimes another type of register is used - a thick pipe at the level of the baseboard along the entire perimeter of the room.

The disadvantages of the solution are obvious: aesthetics are lame on both legs; We are not talking about compactness either.

What are its advantages?

• Mechanical strength- beyond all praise. Before us steel pipes connected by welding. There are no vulnerable spots in the form of threads; The design is only afraid of defrosting. Of course, when circulation stops.
• Heat dissipation can be as large as you like. Nothing will stop you from making a register that covers the entire wall; at the same time, you may not be content with a ready-made solution, but adjust its dimensions depending on your own wishes.
• Expenses- minimal. At a minimum, they are incomparable with the cost of purchasing any modern heating devices with comparable heat output.

conclusions

They should not be regarded as the ultimate truth. This is a deeply personal opinion of the author, and alternative points of view deserve no less respect.

So:

• To the question of which heating radiator is better for a garage or greenhouse, you can give a completely unambiguous answer: a homemade register made of thick steel pipes.
• The best heating batteries for an apartment, due to the unpredictability of central heating, are bimetallic. They combine excellent heat output (often exceeding 200 watts per section) with mechanical strength, chemical resistance and attractive appearance.
• The optimal choice for a private home, where all heating parameters are controlled by you yourself, is aluminum radiators. With somewhat lower strength compared to bimetallic ones, they are noticeably cheaper.

Conclusion

Another point of view on choosing a radiator is presented in the video at the end of the article. Perhaps it will seem no less reasoned to you. Warm winters!