Owners of private houses often face the problem of drainage Wastewater due to being out of town centralized system sewerage. For a long time, the only solution was to dig a cesspool, but using it is quite inconvenient and costly. Nowadays, they are mainly trying to install an autonomous wastewater treatment unit - a septic tank for a dacha, but which septic tank is better to choose for specific conditions often remains a difficult question.

Together with the technical specialists of the EcoDom company, in this article we will examine in detail the question of what a septic tank will do We will discuss the best options for you based on the problems it must solve.

The cesspool or storage septic tank will have to be cleaned regularly

What are septic tanks and what are they?

Some people mistakenly call it a septic tank full complex cleaning equipment. In fact, this is only part treatment plant, acting as a storage tank and primary filter for wastewater containing a large amount of biomaterials that require disposal.

There are quite a lot of types of septic tanks created and each of them has its own pros and cons. Therefore, before purchasing, you need to take into account the soil on which the country house stands, the amount of water consumed and, of course, the budget that can be allocated for the purchase and installation.

Video description

Briefly about septic tanks in the video:

Also on initial stage you need to decide on the type of device - purchase non-volatile septic tank or in which forced supply of wastewater is organized (volatile). The first, by and large, are ordinary tanks for surface (within 60%) mechanical treatment of wastewater, and the second are equipped with a pump and a set of additional filters, after which the output is process water, purified by 95-98%.

Septic tanks with a full cleaning cycle and a storage well for process water

You can correctly decide which septic tank to choose - for year-round use or one that can work effectively even with periodic supply of wastewater on your own, since there is enough information. Many turn to the help of the Internet for such requests as rating of septic tanks for a country house 2017, to get acquainted with various ratings of septic tanks. But if you have doubts about the correct choice, then the best option would be to turn to professionals. They will take into account all the nuances and select suitable option, tailored to solve specific problems.

Cleaning steps

Wastewater goes through several stages of purification in a septic tank:

Stage of accumulation and settling. This stage consists of collecting waste in a special container, where it is separated into fractions by settling at a temperature of about 20 degrees. Solid particles fall to the bottom in the form of sediment, fatty deposits float to the surface, and fumes (carbon dioxide and methane) are removed through ventilation. At this stage, partial stratification of wastewater occurs, which is then sent to the next container;

Secondary filtration stage. Its goal is to purify the mixture to approximately 75%. At this stage, the solution is purified using a separate filter consisting of a sorbent layer of about 20 centimeters. In some septic tanks, for proper operation, the sorbent must be washed and reactivated annually;

Stages of wastewater treatment in septic tanks

Solid deposits settled in containers are pumped out with a pump or removed mechanically.

Operating principle

Technically, two types of waste disposal are used: anaerobic (without access of air) and aerobic (decomposition with the participation of bacteria that require oxygen for life).

Septic tanks have an anaerobic mechanism of action, which perform the functions of a storage tank or settling tank. Such purification systems, without installing additional equipment, only carry out primary clarification of wastewater and require frequent pumping with a sewer truck.

Important! According to sanitary standards Discharge of liquid from anaerobic septic tanks into the soil is prohibited.

This option is suitable for rarely visited summer cottages or private houses with a small number of inhabitants. The cost of such a structure is low, installation does not require much effort, and operation does not require constant flow of wastewater into the chambers

The principle of operation of an anaerobic septic tank

Colonies of active bacteria are often added to such septic tanks, which help filter wastewater better than with conventional anaerobic purification.

The aerobic mechanism of action is carried out by local purification stations of biological action. Colonies of aerobic bacteria are added to such septic tanks, which effectively purify wastewater.

Unlike anaerobic crops, they multiply quickly, have a wide variety of species, and are also more tenacious and active. Recycling is much faster, and the output water is practically non-toxic.

For the normal functioning of these septic tanks, the installation of aerators is required, which will supply the oxygen necessary for the life of bacteria. Also, aerobic systems must constantly work - if within 2-3 weeks there is no new effluent entering the chamber, the bacteria will die and their cultures will have to be replanted.

It's obvious that best septic tank for a country house - aerobic. But it all depends on the budget, since cleaning stations of this type are more expensive.

Scheme of operation of a septic tank for aerobic treatment

What materials are septic tanks made from?

An important aspect when buying a septic tank is the choice of material from which it is made. Most often, when ordering finished septic tank, it is made from polymer materials.

In addition, the following materials are used for the manufacture of a local cleaning system:

Metal constructions. Rarely used due to susceptibility to corrosion, general impracticality and inconvenience of use;

Concrete. Monolithic structures are used as reservoirs. This option requires considerable investment of money and time; Mainly used when constructing septic tanks with your own hands;

Fiberglass structures are the most suitable and frequently used material.

Also, septic tanks can be made from scrap materials (barrels, tires) yourself, but this option is only suitable for small country houses.

Homemade small septic tanks for the dacha - from tires and concrete rings

You can save on purchasing a cleaning unit by ordering from the manufacturer. The most expensive on the market are septic tanks with additional equipment for complete biological wastewater treatment.

Volatile and non-volatile septic tanks

According to the degree of their autonomy, cleaning systems are divided into:

Non-volatile (autonomous) septic tanks are settling tanks for the accumulation and clarification of wastewater. Such installations require periodic pumping of waste using a sewer truck. They have a low degree of purification and require additional ground filtration, for which it is necessary to allocate a plot of land. The positive aspects include low cost and independence from electricity;

Volatile septic tanks are the complete opposite of non-volatile structures. Thanks to the design and additional equipment, wastewater in such systems passes full cycle processing and purification, eliminating the need for maintenance. Disadvantages include the cost of installation, as well as dependence on electricity. During a lack of power supply, the degree of purification of sewage water decreases, and the septic tank acts as a septic tank.

A pump and an aerator are essential components of a volatile septic tank.

Criteria for choosing a cleaning system for a country house

Before choosing a suitable septic tank, you need to consider the following aspects:

The number of people living in the house - the power of the entire device depends on this;

The material from which the septic tank is made determines its wear resistance and resistance to aggressive influences;

The terrain where the structure will be installed and the height of groundwater;

The complexity of installing a sewage treatment system - in terms of installation cost, septic tanks with a filtration field are in the lead, and the most profitable in this regard are biological treatment stations - their container simply needs to be buried in the ground;

Own budget.

On our website you can find contacts of companies specializing in septic tanks and autonomous sewers For country houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Video description

About septic tanks without pumping in the video:

Popular factory-assembled septic tanks

To make it easier to decide on a suitable device, the following is an overview of septic tanks for a country house:

Sprout mini

A simple and reliable option for private homes. A capacity of about 200 liters per day is enough for stable operation of the sewage system when two people live in a house.

Septic tank "Rostok-Mini" in section

It is completely made of polymer material without using metal inserts and has a capacity of 1000 liters. The one-piece design of the cleaning system allows for complete tightness. Installation of this septic tank model will not cause any difficulties, since it weighs less than 3 kilograms and is cylindrical in shape. This design prevents groundwater from pushing it out of the soil while pumping out the contents. As for the cost, it is about 25,000 rubles;

Aster

This model of cleaning system is very popular on the Russian market. It can be classified as a premium type of septic tank. Such structures are made of polymer materials and have good performance indicators, since the throughput capacity is 1 cubic meter per day. Astra performs wastewater treatment high level, due to the presence of filters with anaerobic and aerobic mechanisms of action. The option is designed for country houses where no more than 5 people live. The disadvantages of such a cleaning system include its cost, which reaches about 80,000 rubles;

Installed septic tank "Astra"

Bioxi

It is a high-quality, energy-independent septic tank made of polymer materials, which is quite popular among domestic buyers. It has performance and throughput indicators similar to the Astra model. This cleaning system is equipped with a compressor that ensures the movement of wastewater through the system, as well as a special pumping unit that flushes the channels automatically. Disadvantages include frequent failure of additional equipment. The purchase price of such a septic tank is about 90,000 rubles;

Installation of a septic tank "Bioxy"

This cleaning system is designed to serve no more than 4 people. Made from sheet polymer materials. Having average performance indicators, it is capable of passing through about 200 liters of wastewater per day. This septic tank has a four-chamber structure, which gives it a high degree of filtration. Installation is carried out in places where the groundwater level is 2 meters or deeper. However, the model range allows you to choose the right option for any terrain. The combination of price and quality allows the DKS sewer system to compete with other models on the market. Its cost is 20,000 rubles;

Scheme of operation of the septic tank "DKS"

Leader

The septic tank is compact in size, stable and reliable design. The body is made of special polyethylene. A high degree of wastewater treatment is achieved thanks to a four-chamber structure, each of which undergoes a specific processing process. A wide range of models allows you to serve 2-16 people daily, depending on the design. This septic tank requires cleaning the system once a year. The throughput is 400-3000 liters per day, and the productivity is 0.2-3.6 cubic meters / day, it all depends on the chosen model. Cost – from 75,000 – 200,000 rubles;

Delivery of septic tank “Leader”

Tank

This septic tank is endowed with specific appearance, and its outer shell has a ribbed structure, which contributes to better fixation in the soil after installation country septic tank. The “Tank” type sewerage system is a three-chamber system of blocks and modules. Such a station does not require pumping out waste using a sewer truck, as it is completely autonomous. Due to its low cost and long service life, the septic tank Tank is used in great demand. Installation of the system is done manually and does not require pouring the base of the pit with concrete. Designed for both seasonal use at dachas and permanent use in country houses. Price – 40–80 thousand rubles;

The “Tank” septic tank has a specific recognizable shape

Tver

It is made of durable polymer materials, which reduces the weight of the entire structure, and stiffening ribs add reliability to it. A special feature of this septic tank is the horizontal position of the tanks. The device has a high degree of wastewater treatment and is equipped with additional equipment that requires connection to electricity. Does not require constant care. This septic tank is suitable for any type of soil. Disadvantages include high cost and dependence on electricity. The price is 70,000 – 140,000 rubles;

Installed septic tank "Tver"

Topas

One of the leaders in the cleaning systems market, from the EcoDom company. It is distinguished by a high degree of purification (98%) due to a special four-chamber design, as well as the use of colonies of microorganisms as filters. The septic tank has compact dimensions and rectangular shape housing, making it easier to install. Installation can be carried out in any type of soil. The construction does not require frequent care and pumping out waste using a sewer truck. The range of models is wide and can satisfy the needs of both country houses and dachas, as well as large enterprises. The cost is 80,000 - 300,000 rubles;

What you will need to install a Topas septic tank

Poplar

In production, polymer materials that are resistant to temperature changes are used. Septic tanks of this type have for a long time operation, high productivity and throughput (up to 3300 liters per day). The capacity of the system tanks is up to 5200 liters. The disadvantage of such installations is their dependence on electricity. Suitable for use in large country houses and industrial buildings. The price for a septic tank “Topol” is 70,000 – 170,000 rubles;

Two-block septic tank “Topol”

Triton

It is made of a double layer of polymer material that is not susceptible to corrosion and rotting products. This septic tank has a wide range of models. It is characterized by a long service life, a high degree of purification of sewage water and low cost. Requires cleaning every 1-2 years. Disadvantages: installation of additional equipment and frequent replacement of filters is required. Ideal for small country house. Prices vary depending on the model: 30,000 – 85,000 rubles;

Three chamber septic tank"Triton"

Ecoline

Made from special durable polyethylene. Septic tanks of this type are highly efficient in wastewater treatment. The volume of models can vary from 1500 to 4800 liters. Suitable for seasonal use by a small group of people and permanent residence in a country house. Has a reliable and durable design cylindrical. This cleaning system consists of 2-3 chambers. The lineup is presented in designs with different performance and throughput, which allows you to choose the appropriate option for any need. The cost of Ecoline is 55,000 rubles;

Double-body septic tank "Ecoline"

Elgad C 1400

The best model from the “mini” class, which is ideal for seasonal use in the countryside. It has compact dimensions and a stable design. Capacity of this container sewer system is 1400 liters. This septic tank is designed to serve up to 3 people. The body is made of polymer material, and its inner part is coated with a layer of anti-corrosion substance. Despite the tightness and integrity of the structure, such a cleaning system does not retain unpleasant odors well. The cost is about 35,000 rubles.

Septic tank "Elgad S 1400" and its modifications

This is not a complete rating of septic tanks for the home - there are still quite a lot of models of such devices, both domestic and foreign production, but in general their design, principle of operation and price do not differ from those listed.

Video description

A few more words about choosing a septic tank in the video:

Conclusion

Depending on your budget, you can do cleaning system independently from improvised means, or order ready-made option from sales representatives or the manufacturer. The option to study the ratings of the best septic tanks for a country house is not always right choice, since you need to take into account all the features of your site and the requirements for it.

Correctly selected and correct installed septic tank will create the conditions necessary for comfortable living in a country house.

When building a country house or dacha, the first thing to do is design a water supply and sewerage system. Especially if there are no centralized communications nearby. And in this project, an important role is played by the wastewater disposal and treatment system, for which it is necessary to select the best septic tank for the dacha from all the types offered on the modern market.

The reservoir is a reservoir in which all wastewater from all plumbing points of the house is collected and undergoes biological treatment, followed by drainage of the liquid into the soil or pumping it out using sewage disposal equipment.

In order to understand which tank to install at a particular summer cottage, it is worth conducting a thorough analysis of all types of equipment, understanding the principle of their operation and assessing the feasibility of installing one or another type of treatment system for a private sewerage system.

We analyze the types of septic tanks in our material and find out which tank is the best.

The modern plumbing industry offers consumers septic tanks, which can be classified according to several criteria. First, we will analyze the treatment systems according to the method and principle of operation, conducting a thorough analysis. There are these types of septic tanks:

• Storage tanks;
• Septic tanks operating on the principle soil filtration;
• Tanks with a deep biopurification system.

More details about each type of equipment below.

Storage septic tank

This type of private sewer equipment provides a durable, sealed tank for storing all domestic wastewater from the site. In principle, such a container resembles a standard cesspool, with the only difference being that the storage septic tank does not have walls in the form of soil. In this case, when installing a treatment system, the tank is simply buried in the ground to the required depth.

The principle of operation of such a treatment system is that wastewater is collected in containers where natural decay of the wastewater occurs. That is, their larger and heavier particles settle to the bottom of the tank, and lighter water and fatty films rise upward.

Such a structure requires periodic cleaning using a vacuum cleaner.

Important: when analyzing, selecting and installing a storage septic tank, you should carefully select the container according to its volume and material of manufacture. In the first case, the volume should allow the unhindered accumulation of a certain amount of wastewater over a specific period so that it is not necessary to frequently call special equipment to remove them from the tank. As for the material, it must be strong enough so that it is not crushed by the soil during operation. A thorough analysis is also recommended for this purpose.

Most often, the device of such a septic tank is used in dachas or country houses, in which people live not permanently, but for seasons.

Septic tank with soil filtration

These types of septic tanks are used in those houses where households are expected to live permanently and where the amount of wastewater will be the same constant. This type of equipment requires less frequent cleaning using special equipment.

The operating principle and design of such a treatment plant are quite simple and are as follows:

• Sewage from the entire house flows through a pipeline into the first chamber of the tank, where it is separated into light water and solid heavy inclusions. The first goes through a special drainage hole into the second chamber of the septic tank, and the remaining heavy debris settles to the bottom of the first storage tank. In the second chamber, the water undergoes bacteriological purification and is then sent through a connector to the filtration fields of the third chamber, from where it freely seeps into the soil.

Important: in order for the bacteriological decomposition of wastewater in such a treatment facility to proceed faster, it is better to use special aerobic bacteria, which will not only process the wastewater, but also eliminate its unpleasant odors from the septic tank.

After analyzing septic tanks, we were able to identify the following advantages of this type of equipment:

• High speed and quality of processing of domestic waste water;
• Fairly simple tank maintenance;
• No need for frequent use of sewage disposal equipment.

Important: these types of septic tanks are prohibited from being built and operated in areas with clay soil or in areas where groundwater is located high. In this case, instead of draining into the soil, all the runoff will simply begin to wash away the area.

Septic tanks with deep biotreatment of wastewater

These types of septic tanks were found wide application in almost all areas and at any objects. Main feature Such a device provides high-quality wastewater treatment to the state of water that is safe for environment. Residual organic matter can be discharged from such a treatment plant directly into the ground or even water bodies. This is evidenced by a qualitative analysis of water sampled from a septic tank of this type.

Settling tanks with a biotreatment system use complex wastewater treatment:

• Simple settling of water;
• Its bacteriological purification;
• And chemical treatment.

The operating principle and design of such a treatment plant are as follows:

• First, all household waste flows into the first chamber of the tank, where it is divided into water and larger fecal inclusions. After this, the clarified water is transported to a second chamber where aerobic or anaerobic bacteria are used.

Important: in order for aerobic bacteria to work more efficiently, a special compressor is installed in the second chamber of the septic tank, pumping oxygen.

After the organic masses acquire a structure that is simple in composition, they are transported to the third chamber, in which chemical purification of the water is carried out. Now the wastewater is ready to be discharged into the ground or reservoir.

According to the analysis of all three types of containers, this one has the following advantages:

• High quality wastewater treatment and purification;
• Possibility of using such treatment facilities on soils of any type;
• No sharp unpleasant odors from the waste tank;
• Simplicity of equipment installation and operation (the septic tank operates independently without the need for constant monitoring);
• The presence of a small amount of final sediment, which allows you to clean the tank quite rarely (once every 5-8 years).

Important: a septic tank with a deep purification system requires connection to the electricity network, which entails the need for additional payment costs utilities. But, after comparing all three types of septic tanks, we can safely say that such expenses will more than pay off in the absence of the need to use sewage disposal equipment with enviable regularity.

Septic tanks by type of material

All treatment tanks can also be divided into categories and according to the type of material used for their manufacture. Since the use of certain types of containers is relevant for one type of soil and may be completely unsuitable for another. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze all the containers offered by the market.

So, we compare septic tanks by type of material. The reservoirs are as follows:

• Brick treatment systems;
• Concrete tanks;
• Metal tanks;
• Plastic containers.

Brick septic tank

Most standard type cleaning tank at the dacha or suburban area. The popularity of such containers is due to the ability to use waste building materials, which allows saving the family budget.

When building a septic tank from brick, it is necessary to ensure the tightness of its walls, since building stone can create cracks and gaps during installation. To avoid this, you can use a sealant or penetrating mastic.

Important: in addition to saving money from the family budget, such a treatment plant is quite profitable from the point of view of its construction. There is no need to use complex equipment or professional skill. You can lay one brick with your own hands.

Concrete tanks

A feature of the construction of concrete tanks is the need to dig a pit. If the septic tank is very large, you will have to use complex equipment.

Two types of treatment facilities can be built from concrete:

• Monolithic;
• Made.

In the first case, a pit is dug and filled reinforced concrete V installed formwork. In the second case, the septic tank is assembled from concrete rings. They are mounted one on one.

Important: for containers made of reinforced concrete rings, it is necessary to ensure the tightness of the joints.

Metal septic tanks

Most rare view tanks for wastewater treatment. Analysis shows that such containers have more negative features than positive ones. And the most important of them is metal corrosion, which will one day lead to depressurization of the cleaning system.

PVC septic tanks

A comparison of septic tanks made of different materials clearly speaks in favor of plastic. Such containers are made from sand-reinforced polymers using the hot extrusion method (extrusion under high pressure). The result is a strong container that can withstand large mechanical loads of compression and tension. Especially if the tanks have special stiffening ribs.

The features of such tanks are entirely positive:

• Strength and durability;
• Resistance to aggressive environments;
• Environmental friendliness of materials;
• Featuring 100% tightness of the treatment system;
• Light weight.

The last advantage can also play the role of a disadvantage. So, plastic containers for a septic tank there is a risk of being thrown out of the ground under the influence of temperature changes and groundwater. To prevent this from happening, they (PVC tanks) are installed in special pits, followed by concreting. You can also use a special anchor system to install them.

There are also septic tanks made from any available materials. But this type of equipment is not professional and is used most often in small dachas, where the owners come periodically to harvest crops or prepare for the winter. In this case they can be used simple barrels, car tires etc.

Septic tank design

Based on the type of construction, septic tanks are divided into one-, two- and three-chamber ones. The latter are carried out if it is planned to install a treatment plant with a biological treatment system.

Two-chamber tanks are tanks for a wastewater treatment plant with a ground cleaning system. Single-chamber septic tanks are storage tanks.

By installation method

All septic tanks can be divided into vertical and horizontal according to the method of installing the cameras. So, in the first case, the containers are installed with their bottom in the ground and look like a simple barrel with hatches in the upper part. With this installation method, the treatment system goes deeper and takes up less space on the site.

If the septic tank is installed vertically like a tank, then, on the contrary, the depth will be less than the occupied area.

Important: vertical treatment structures are used where the groundwater level is high enough.

In addition, it is worth noting that septic tanks can be surface or underground. The former are also used on those soils that are washed by a large amount of groundwater located close to the surface of the earth.

Underground - installed in all other cases.

Which types of septic tanks to choose for a dacha or country house, and which options are suitable for your site, must be decided depending on the following parameters:

• The amount and volume of wastewater on the site;
• Frequency of residence or stay there;
• Features of the soil of your site.

Remember, a correctly selected and installed septic tank will effective means for cleaning and draining all domestic wastewater.

When planning the construction of a country house, along with drawing up a project for the building itself, it is necessary to design engineering systems, including drainage and wastewater treatment systems. To do this, you need to find out what types of septic tanks are used today so that you can choose the most suitable option.

Previously, the installation of an outdoor shower and a “birdhouse” toilet was considered the pinnacle of dacha improvement. These days, more and more owners prefer to equip their homes with a full set of plumbing fixtures.

And in this case, it is necessary to build a local drainage system. To dispose of wastewater from private households, a septic tank is usually used. Let's consider what types of this equipment exist and what features they have.

Classification

Septic tanks that can be included in local systems sewers can be classified according to several criteria:

• by cleaning method;
• by body material;
• according to the installation method.

Varieties based on operating principle

For private households, the following types of septic tanks can be used:

• storage tanks;
• settling tanks with soil filtration;
• installations with forced aeration, providing deep biopurification.

Let's look at the features of each option

Storage tanks

This is the simplest type of equipment; it is a volumetric sealed tank used for collecting and storing wastewater. It works on the same principle as a cesspool, the difference being the environmental safety of the storage tank. After all, the storage tank, unlike cesspools, prevents contaminated liquid from entering the ground.

As it fills storage capacity, it will need to be cleaned. This work is carried out using sewage disposal machines. The contents of the container are pumped out by a pump into a tank installed on a vehicle and transported for disposal in the prescribed manner.

This option for organizing wastewater disposal can be recommended for a summer residence, provided that the volume of wastewater is small. Otherwise, the drive will need to be cleaned frequently, which will incur additional costs.

Septic tanks

This option is universal, it is recommended for a small summer cottage or for a spacious one. country cottage. The difference in this case will be only in the volume of the settling tanks and the area of ​​the devices for post-treatment. The greater the daily volume of wastewater, the more capacious the settling tanks should be. To provide best quality cleaning, multi-stage settling is organized.

Advice! For an ordinary private house, it is recommended to purchase or build a two or three chamber septic tank. In such an installation, two chambers serve as a sump, and in the last one additional cleaning is carried out using biofilters.

Data works wastewater treatment plants So:

• The first section of the installation, as a rule, is the most voluminous. Here the accumulation of wastewater and its primary settling occurs;

• water enters the second section, which has already been freed from most of the large inclusions, here the liquid settles additionally, smaller undissolved particles that did not have time to precipitate in the first section settle to the bottom;
• then the water enters the compartment with a biofilter, if it is included in the design of the treatment plant, and then is supplied to the soil filtration unit, where it is finally purified;

• the sediment at the bottom of the settling tanks gradually becomes denser. Bacteria contained in wastewater initiate methane fermentation processes, due to which the sludge partially decomposes and decreases in volume. Due to this, it is not necessary to pump out sludge frequently; it is enough to perform this operation annually.

Advice! If the settling tanks are not cleaned in a timely manner, the sediment will begin to thicken, gradually reducing the volume of the chambers. And reducing the volume of settling tanks will lead to a deterioration in the quality of cleaning.

The advantages of this option:

• simplicity of the device, reliability;
• fairly high efficiency;
• inexpensive and easy maintenance.

• Significant volume of containers. In order for the water to settle well, it is necessary for the water to remain in the sump for at least 72 hours. Therefore, when high consumption water, it is necessary to use large-capacity tanks.
• The need to build soil filtration devices. This increases construction costs. It is especially difficult if the area has clay or high groundwater level.

Deep biopurification

A modern septic tank is no longer just a septic tank, but a station that provides complete cleaning in the shortest possible time. Due to this, the installations are compact in size, and there is no need to build devices for soil treatment. Principle of operation:

• the first stage of processing is to settle the liquid;
• but in the second section additional equipment is installed - an aerator. Through the holes of this device, air is supplied to the cleaned environment, which ensures the creation of conditions for the occurrence of biological aerobic processes;
• then the liquid settles again and is sent to the outlet.

Advice! To ensure the highest level of cleaning, you can set additional block water disinfection using ultraviolet light.

Advantages of the option:

• high quality waste treatment;
• compactness, choosing a place to install a biorefinery station on a site near a country house is much easier than allocating space for installing settling tanks and filtration fields;
• complete absence of odors, so residents and guests of the country house will not feel discomfort.

• high installation cost;
• need to connect electricity.

Materials

There are special requirements for materials for the manufacture of septic tanks, namely:

• corrosion resistance;
• strength;
• tightness.

With equipment local sewer country house is most often used the following options septic tanks:

• Brick. Previously, this was the most popular option, since tanks of any volume and shape can be made of brick. Moreover, the wave work can be done independently, without the involvement of construction equipment. This is important if the owners of a private house decide to do the construction on their own. The disadvantages of this option are the insufficient tightness of brick tanks and the need for additional waterproofing work.

• Plastic. Currently, plastic septic tanks are the most used option for treatment plants recommended for use in systems autonomous sewerage private house. Such installations can be purchased ready-made, or assembled independently using ready-made plastic containers of the required volume. Plastic models have a lot of advantages and only one drawback - they are too light and can float during the seasonal rise of groundwater.
• Reinforced concrete. Reliable, heavy-weight structures. They can be prefabricated (from prefabricated reinforced concrete parts) or monolithic. The latter are more airtight, since they do not have seams, but prefabricated structures can be assembled much faster. The disadvantage is the laboriousness of installation, as well as the need to use special equipment.

Advice! Metal tanks are practically not used in the construction of sewerage systems for a private country house. Due to the susceptibility of the metal to corrosion, the metal septic tank will be short-lived, and the use of stainless steel will make the treatment plant prohibitively expensive.

Installation method

According to the location of the sections, all treatment plants are divided into horizontally and vertically oriented. Treatment plants vertical type- the preferred option for a private home, since they require much less space during installation.

However, this option can only be used at low GWL. If the level of soil water is high, then you have to choose the horizontal option. In this case, the depth of the reservoir will be small, but the area for installing the septic tank will require a significant amount. In addition, according to the installation method, underground and surface ones are distinguished. The latter option is chosen if local conditions do not allow installation in the ground.

What to consider when choosing?

To make the right choice of treatment plant, you need to consider the following factors:

• daily amount of waste;
• frequency of use (permanent, seasonal or periodic residence);
• features of the geology of the site;
• construction budget.

So, for a summer house used for periodic recreation, an inexpensive storage tank is quite suitable, but for a country house it is better to use more productive models - sedimentation tanks or biotreatment stations.

So there are different types septic tanks, so for any operating conditions you can choose the most best option. A correctly selected and installed septic tank will last a long time, providing sufficient high efficiency disposal of sewage wastewater.

Living in a dacha allows you not only to take a break from the bustle of the city, but also to enjoy nature, clean air, find peace. But so that nothing interferes with a good rest, you have to take care of the amenities of civilization - water supply, electricity and sewerage, right?

Are you trying to figure out how to choose a septic tank for your dacha so as not to overpay or make a mistake? We will help you in this matter - our article discusses the types of septic tanks, their structural and functional differences. Indeed, to choose the optimal recycler, it is advisable to get acquainted with existing options.

Manufacturers of sewerage equipment offer the most various options designed to make suburban life easier.

Equipment options include both simple and inexpensive models, and quite complex biological wastewater treatment plants.

It is quite difficult to choose just one, especially if the dacha owner is faced with this issue for the first time.

Image gallery

If you try to decide which septic tank is better for a dacha with non-permanent residence, then you will quickly understand that there is no definite answer here. Family budget, “productivity”, geological features of the site - this is an incomplete list of selection criteria, therefore in each individual case the best solution there will be something of its own. But in any case, the very nature of seasonal living already imposes some fundamental restrictions on the choice of design.

Exist universal solutions, but they also have certain limitations

Classification of septic tanks

According to the principle of operation of a septic tank, there are the following types:

Cumulative. If we take a strict approach, then this is not a septic tank, but simply a container for collecting wastewater, the prototype of which is a cesspool. Previously, there were no special requirements for the tightness of the walls and bottom of such an underground tank. Now it's required condition, non-compliance with which is punishable as damage to the land. Therefore, instead of a “pit,” a finished container is buried in the ground or made from reinforced concrete (prefabricated or monolithic).

Anaerobic. This is a classic example of an underground local treatment station, where wastewater, in the process of flowing from chamber to chamber, is separated and processed by bacteria without access to oxygen. The degree of purification reaches 60-70%, and clarified wastewater undergoes additional treatment with aerobic bacteria in filtration fields, trenches or wells.

Aerobic. The design is built in such a way that a full cycle of wastewater treatment with aerobic bacteria occurs inside the septic tank to a level of 95-98%. This is an energy-dependent species, since forced air supply is necessary for the life of microorganisms.

Comparison of the characteristics of the aerobic septic tank BARS-Aero and TOPAS

Advantages and disadvantages of septic tanks in dacha conditions

Each type has its own set of advantages:

A storage septic tank for summer living is still one of the most popular options. The advantages include: low price, simple device, ability to accept all types of wastewater, regardless of their “acid-base” balance. It is not subject to standards for the minimum distance from water sources, residential buildings and site boundaries - the wastewater is kept inside a sealed container for the entire period between pumping.

The only drawback is the need to frequently call a sewer truck, the periods between the arrival of which depend on the volume of the septic tank and the intensity of operation. The load on it can be reduced, the duration of operation without pumping can be increased if the wastewater is divided into gray and black, and the water drained from the shower stall, bathhouse and washbasin is drained into its own filter or drainage well.

Effluent from a storage septic tank without electricity must be pumped out periodically

An anaerobic septic tank consists of two or three chambers connected in one housing or separated into separate containers. Correct selection The volume of the chambers and their relationship to each other regulate the productivity and degree of wastewater treatment to a “clarified” state, which allows them to be discharged into soil treatment and filtration devices.

Anaerobic septic tanks are energy-independent. The entire liquid part of the wastewater is ultimately discharged into the ground. Containers are cleaned only of solid fractions that settle at the bottom of sealed chambers during the process of separation and processing by bacteria. The frequency of pumping can range from several months to several years - it depends on the volume of wastewater, the number of residents and visitors, and the length of residence. This is the best option for a septic tank for a temporary residence without electricity (even when it is available). But provided that the size of the site and its plan allow the installation to be carried out without violating the requirements of the regulations.

The main disadvantage is the rather strict requirements for location relative to water intake, reservoirs, residential buildings and site boundaries. In addition, when constructing filter fields and wells, there are restrictions on the type of soil and the depth of groundwater.

In some cases, a pump is used to remove treated wastewater

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of design and installation of sewerage and water supply. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

An aerobic septic tank, despite almost complete wastewater treatment, is rarely used for non-permanent residences. To create living conditions for microflora that process wastewater, a constant flow of air is required, which is ensured by the operation of the compressor.

When the electricity is turned off, aerobic bacteria die, and to start a septic tank, a fairly large amount of work must be done to prepare the system.

Another reason against interruptions in the functioning of an aerobic septic tank (even if the compressor is running) is the death of bacteria in the absence of “fresh” wastewater containing organic matter, which serves as a food medium for them. But this is not the main drawback. According to the manufacturer of septic tanks Topas, after startup it takes 2-3 weeks to reach the design level of cleaning. That is, if they live at the dacha in the summer, then it should be turned on in the spring and turned off in the fall.

For the same reason, such a septic tank is not suitable for use in winter if people live in a country house non-permanently, when people come here only on weekends.

For the life of bacteria that live in an aerobic septic tank, a constant influx of wastewater is necessary - during long interruptions in work, the colony of bacteria will have to be repopulated

Combined septic tanks. A design of this type provides for at least two sealed chambers (in practice, at least three). In the first chamber, the wastewater is divided into fractions and clarified with the help of anaerobic bacteria; in the second, purification with aerobic bacteria occurs.

The advantage of this configuration over the previous option is considered to be higher productivity and less load on the biological phase of purification by aerobic microorganisms. But these are energy-dependent models that have the same disadvantages as septic tanks for non-permanent residences.

Septic tank materials

In both types of septic tanks for non-permanent residences, there must be a container with a sealed bottom and walls.

Septic tanks made of polymers

If you choose among ready-made models, septic tanks are made from durable polymers that are not subject to corrosion and can withstand prolonged exposure aggressive environment. These include polyethylene low pressure, polypropylene and fiberglass.

All factory containers are designed for a certain pressure both from the inside when filled with wastewater, and from the outside as a result of soil pressure - the thickness of the walls and a set of stiffening ribs guarantee a constant shape.

Most often, factory septic tanks are made using plastic containers.

Each type of polymer has its own disadvantages, but they are not fundamental. home general feature- low weight of the container. Even when full specific gravity the septic tank, taking into account the solid fractions of the wastewater, does not exceed 1100 kg/m 3, and even the bulk density of the soil is at least 1500 kg/m 3, not to mention the compacted state in its natural form. Therefore, heaving forces will tend to push the septic tank upward, especially if it is empty. When installing a plastic septic tank, it must be secured to a solid base in the form concrete slab. And on heavily heaving soils, it is recommended to backfill the pit with excavated soil mixed with sand.

Note! In any case, during a long break the container should not remain empty. The standard recommendation for a period of absence is to fill it to 3/4 of the volume so that the walls can better withstand soil pressure and the colony of anaerobic bacteria does not die out completely.

Video description

Biological sewage treatment stations for non-permanent residences have their own conservation process for the winter period. Everything is clearly shown in the video:

Metal septic tanks

Polymer septic tanks have replaced metal containers, but they are still found. Among the offers on the metal septic tank market there are three types of containers:

factory products with fixed characteristics;

production to order according to individual sizes;

sale of used steel tanks and containers for technical liquids, which are modified for storage septic tanks.

Unlike polymer ones, such containers have a large margin of safety: minimum thickness metal 4 mm, and for large-volume tanks - 8-12 mm. But the service life of metal septic tanks at summer cottages, even with anti-corrosion treatment, is lower than that of plastic ones.

Reinforced concrete rings

One of the most popular materials when installing sewer systems for non-permanent residences is reinforced concrete rings of the KS series. They are different diameters and heights, which allow you to create a structure of optimal volume.

Advantages: high strength and stability in the ground. Concrete has a tendency to get wet during prolonged contact with a humid environment, but this disadvantage is compensated for by waterproofing the surface.

High-quality waterproofing is the key to long-term operation of a septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings

Installing a septic tank is a little more complicated than installing a finished tank. Essentially it's a team reinforced concrete structure from several containers, each of which consists of several rings (including a filter well without a bottom with perforated walls). But in every region there are construction organizations specializing in such a turnkey service.

Selecting the volume of the septic tank

With the volume of the storage septic tank, everything is very clear - the larger it is, the less often you will have to call a machine to clean it. And if we divide the wastewater into black and gray, then a medium-sized tank will be enough for a “weekend” cottage for the entire season.

An example of dividing wastewater into “black” and “gray”

The shape and dimensions of the storage septic tank are dictated not only by the required capacity, but also depend on the free space on the site, which would provide free access for the vehicle to the technological hatch. The standard location is somewhere in the middle between the wall of the dacha on the side of the bathroom and the border of the site adjacent to the road. There are usually no problems with the depth of the container - the power of the vacuum pump of the sewer machine guarantees pumping out sewage from a depth of up to 4 m.

The volume of a septic tank without pumping is determined by a simple formula - the number of people is multiplied by the water consumption rate of 200 l/day and a factor of 3 (the number of days it takes to disinfect wastewater with bacteria). Sometimes they add 20-25% for the “volley” reset when guests arrive. This overall volume distributed between chambers. For a two-chamber septic tank (excluding the filter well), at least 2/3 is given to the first tank, for a three-chamber septic tank - at least ½.

Video description

See the following video for the pros and cons of septic tanks and biological stations:

Conclusion

No matter how simple a septic tank for a non-permanent residence may seem, its installation should be done by professionals. Especially if it is an anaerobic septic tank. And the complexity is not even in the installation itself, but in the choice of methods for soil wastewater treatment. Specialists will take into account as fully as possible the geological features of the site and the filtering abilities of the soil.