25.06.2018, 18:36

The employer must provide employees with normal working conditions. One of them is the acceptable working temperature. SanPiN 2018 establishes regulatory requirements to the organization of the workflow in enterprises.

The fact is that the temperature in the office or production area, as well as other factors of the working environment and labor process, directly affects the performance of personnel and the well-being of each individual employee (part 2 of article 22, part 2 of article 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

We monitor working conditions

A special state regulatory body - the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia has developed a document containing permissible microclimate conditions in organizations (SaPiN 2.24.548-96.2.2.4, approved by Resolution No. 21 of 01.10.1996).

In addition to indicators such as relative humidity and air speed, as well as the intensity of thermal radiation, it contains restrictions on the temperature of the air and surfaces. Thus, SanPiN control over the temperature in the room at the workplace is established at the legislative level.

Adherence to these rules is the direct responsibility of every employer. Moreover, for violation of these norms of the organization and its officials as well as individual entrepreneurs who are employers face administrative liability (Article 5.27.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

Employer's actions

Take care of creation suitable conditions labor administration of the organization must advance. For these purposes, legislators recommend installing air conditioning systems and coolers in companies (clauses 15, 18 of the Standard list of measures to improve labor conditions and safety, approved by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated 01.03.2012 No. 181n).

In case of non-compliance temperature regime the efficiency of the personnel is decreasing. In addition, work with elevated temperature air can lead to exacerbation of chronic diseases. This automatically increases the risk of an occupational accident.

If, nevertheless, despite the measures taken, the temperature at the workplace (SanPiN 2.24.548-96.2.2.4) exceeds the permissible values, the working day should be reduced. Also, to protect personnel from overheating, the employer must:

• establish additional work breaks;
• equip rest rooms;
• provide short-term vacations outside the approved schedule at the request of employees.

For different categories of work, the maximum possible temperatures differ. For example, the following maximum working hours are set for office workers depending on the temperature:

These are the rules established for all employers (information from Rostrud dated 06.21.2018).

Violation of these regulations may result in liability. So, an organization can be:

• a warning has been issued;
• a fine from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles was imposed;
• an order was issued to suspend activities for up to 90 days.

If the violation of SanPiN entailed the infliction of grievous harm to the health or death of an employee, then the employee responsible for compliance with labor protection rules may be brought to criminal liability (Article 143 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

Requirements for temperature and humidity, office illumination, and sometimes even furniture are strictly regulated. So, if the average daily temperature outside the window is above 10 ° C, the office should be general rule 23-25 ​​° С, and if below this limit - 22-24 ° С. It is also determined how the working day is shortened if the room is colder than the allowable one, or vice versa, it is very hot. For example, if the air temperature in the office is 19 ° C, then you can stay in it no more than seven hours, and if 18 ° C - no more than six hours, etc. (SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 "", approved by Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated June 21, 2016 No. 81).

Separate norms exist for those who use computers in their work. The workplace area of ​​such employees cannot be less than 4.5 square meters. m (if a flat monitor is installed) or less than 6 sq. m (if workplace equipped with a monitor of the old type, with a picture tube). And after each hour of work, the room should be ventilated (Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Norms SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03 ""; approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on May 30, 2003).

Some situations are not directly regulated by sanitary norms, but in practice they occur regularly. These include, for example, faulty toilets in a building. In this case, in the opinion of Rostrud, the employee has the right to refuse to work, and the employer must provide him with another job, which does not threaten his health, until the problem is eliminated. If this is not possible, a downtime is declared, and the employee can count on wages in the amount of at least 2/3 of his average salary during downtime ().

Find out about what other sanitary norms and rules apply to office workers, as well as the employer's responsibility for non-compliance with them, learn from our infographic.

Optimal performance of the microclimate in the workplace is a guarantee of high productivity and health of personnel. Creation favorable conditions for the performance of duties by employees, it is undoubtedly beneficial to employers. However, not all managers strive to follow the prescriptions of sanitary and hygienic standards. There are various explanations for this. On the one hand, the temperature regime must be regulated by expensive equipment, on the other hand, the concept of a favorable microclimate is considered by many to be subjective. For example, there are situations when one part of the team is cold, and the other, on the contrary, complains about excessive high temperature... At the same time, the legislation provides for clear indicators of the microclimate in working rooms, which are optimal for ensuring working conditions... These standards provide for different indicators depending on the category of the working space.

Requirements for premises of the first category

To begin with, it is worth noting that the first two categories provide for the division into subgroups "a" and "b". The differences in them are due to the nature of the actions performed. For example, group "a" - these are objects on which work is carried out in a sitting position and is associated with minor loads. The subcategory "a" includes premises in which the intensity of energy consumption is assumed to be no more than 139 watts. In particular, it can be enterprises of instrument and automobile manufacturing, sewing and watchmaking. In this case, the optimal temperature regime is 21-28 ° C. The indicators that should be adhered to in the regulation of the microclimate in the premises of the subcategory "b" are slightly different. The intensity of energy consumption in this case can reach 174 W, and the lower limit of the temperature regime is 20 ° C.

Requirements for premises of the second category

This group is distinguished not only by a higher intensity of energy consumption (232 W), but also by the very nature of performing work actions. Already subgroup "a" suggests that employees move or move small loads (up to 1 kg) in a sitting or standing position. Range of permissible temperature indicator for this category is 18-27 ° C. If the work of an employee is associated with the movement of weights (up to 10 kg), and the intensity of energy consumption reaches 290 W, then it comes about group "b" and the lower limit will be lowered to 16 ° C. As a rule, the temperature regime of the air in such ranges is set at forging, mechanized, thermal and rolling enterprises. The work may include the maintenance of assembly shops, conveyors and production lines.

Requirements for rooms of the third category

If the intensity of energy consumption exceeds the level of 290 W, then the third category should be considered. These are the most demanding in terms of setting the parameters of the microclimate of the room. Employees at such enterprises make great physical efforts, walk and move loads over 10 kg. The favorable temperature regime relative to the premises of this group varies from 15 to 26 ° С. These are usually workshops and production halls in which workers perform manual operations. It can be metal processing, preparation building structures, assembly operations, etc.

Seasonality factor

General indicators optimal temperature for different categories industrial premises may be seasonally adjusted. Typically the deviation is 3-4 ° C. When calculating this difference, the average daily temperature is taken into account. For example, in summer it is 10 ° C and above, and in winter, on the contrary, 10 ° C and below. Of course, many factors determine which temperature regime will be optimal for a particular workplace, and adherence to standards does not always contribute to comfort. Therefore, it is worth being guided also by the individual characteristics of the employee's body, taking into account its functionality.

Accounting for temperature indicators

Meeting the requirements for establishing an optimal microclimate at workplaces is impossible without measuring devices. Moreover, traditional thermometers are not suitable for this. At a minimum, you need similar devices designed for use in offices and factories. In addition, it is necessary to be guided by special approaches to the determination of values. For example, in the warm season, taking into account the temperature regime involves measuring on days when there is a deviation from the thermometer reading from the same data of the hottest month by less than 5 ° C.

The frequency of such measurements depends on several factors, including the stability of work processes and the characteristics of sanitation. When choosing the time and areas for measurements, you should also focus on the stages technological processes, operation of ventilation and heating systems, etc. Typically, such activities are carried out at least three times per shift.

How is the temperature controlled?

First of all, the enterprises must take the necessary measures for thermal insulation, heating and ventilation. Control and observance of the temperature regime also provide for means of air cooling. For this, air conditioners and air shower systems are installed. The presence of such equipment allows you to regulate the volume of air injection, its speed and, in general, the format of work.

If the installation similar systems is impossible for technical reasons, then the manager must organize comfortable conditions for rest in a separate room. In some industries, it is mandatory to provide drinking water... Especially in hot weather, employees should consume at least 3 liters of fluid per day.

Alternative ways to comply with regulations

The impossibility of fulfilling the conditions for ensuring a comfortable microclimate is quite common. One of the ways out of this situation may be the already mentioned recreation room, but such premises may not be organized at all enterprises. It is possible to bring the temperature regime at the workplace to optimal values ​​by reducing the duration of work shifts. How more hours a person works, the more stringent the requirements for the microclimate.

Thus, it is possible to vary the time intervals for shifts, thereby meeting regulatory requirements. In addition, the implementation of regulated breaks is practiced, which allow employees to leave their workplaces for a certain time. If possible, it is worth organizing a differentiated scheme for organizing work processes, in which workers can change places.

What is the threat of non-observance of the temperature regime?

Complaints from employees of enterprises on this issue are no longer uncommon. But before that, it is necessary to notify the authorities in writing that the requirements of sanitary standards are not observed and appropriate measures must be taken. If, in response to this request, no reaction follows and the temperature regime remains the same, then the employee has the right to demand compensation for the harm caused. In addition, administrative punishment may follow for the head. Today, fines for non-compliance with the rules of microclimate regulation are quite high and reach tens of thousands of rubles. Also, as a punishment, a ban on the operation of the enterprise for up to three months can be imposed.

Conclusion

Ensuring comfortable working conditions is especially important, since the activities of employees of various enterprises in themselves are associated with certain loads. At the same time, one should not think that the situation is facilitated if we are talking about office workers... Physical activity gives some tone to the body, so the temperature regime is not so noticeable. However, sedentary and monotonous work associated with high responsibility requires serious psychological stress. In conditions of heat, cardiovascular diseases often develop against this background. Therefore, the issue of ensuring an optimal microclimate involves not only creating comfort, but also directly aims to exclude harmful effects on the health of working personnel. Also, do not forget about the benefits for the companies and organizations themselves, the effectiveness of which is directly related to the functionality of their employees.

Every employer must provide employees optimal conditions labor. The productivity and health of people depend on them. Our government has developed regulations that ensure the safety and comfort of workers. They also include the temperature in the office. Hygiene requirements approved by the law "On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population." The document adopted in 1999 obliges all employers to strictly abide by the rules.

Temperature standards

Brain workers, who mostly work in offices, are inactive. This negatively affects health. And when they have to work, freezing from the cold or languishing from the unbearable heat, the situation worsens several times. To protect them, SanPiN rules were created, requiring them to withstand a certain humidity and temperature in the office. Unfortunately, not all employees are aware of them, and employers, taking advantage of this, do not fulfill their duties.

The rule clearly states that the temperature norm for people working in an office for 8 hours should be:

• v summer period- from 23 to 25 ° C;
• v winter period- from 22 to 24 ° C;
• allowed deviation from the norm - 1-2 ° С;
• the maximum temperature fluctuation on the thermometer during the day is 3-4 ° C.

In addition, in regulatory documents the permissible humidity at the workplace is prescribed. It ranges from 40 to 60 percent. The maximum wind speed is 0.1 to 0.3 meters per second. Therefore, the boss has no right to force you to work in a draft or in the immediate vicinity of a functioning air conditioner. If your workplace is located there, you can legally change it to improve working conditions.

Algorithm for executing the rules

The sanitary standards describe not only the requirements for the temperature regime. There are detailed recommendations on what to do when comfortable working conditions are not observed and the temperature is not maintained.

Many employees do not know that by law they must be in the office full time if the temperature in the room fluctuates between 20-28 ° C. Deviation up or down is a serious reason to reduce the time spent on work. Each extra degree reduces work by 1 hour.

If the boss did not prepare the premises, did not install a good ventilation system and a powerful air conditioner, the summer heat in the office will not take long.

• A thermometer mark of 29 ° С implies being in the office for 7 hours, 30 ° С - 6 hours, 31 ° С - 5 hours.
• When the heat reaches 32.5 ° C, you only need to come to work for 1 hour.
• If the thermometer in the room shows even higher, you can safely stay at home, you cannot work in such conditions.

The cold is dangerous to health and labor productivity no less than the heat, therefore, when the temperature drops to 19 ° C, the working day decreases by an hour. With each degree, the time spent in the office is proportionally reduced. When the room freezes over so much that the thermometer starts to show 13 ° C, you will need to stay there for only an hour. And if the temperature drops even lower, do not hesitate to stay at home so as not to get sick from hypothermia at work.

As you know, warm air flows tend to rise up, and cold ones - to go down, therefore, measuring the temperature at different heights in the office, you can find an error of several degrees. To exclude manipulation by employees or bosses, normative act requires the thermometer to be installed at a height of one meter from the floor. Only in this way is his testimony considered reliable, and the workers' claims justified.

What can an employee do?

When the air temperature is above normal or too low, and the employee feels that such a microclimate poses a health risk, action must be taken. According to the law, a person can refuse to fulfill his labor duties for a while.

You can't just not come to work, motivating it by the fact that the norms of SanPiN are not met. You need to write an official statement indicating the reasons for absenteeism. In the document, it is desirable to mention article 379 of the Labor Code, which says that the implementation job responsibilities should not pose a health risk. It also notes that everyone has the right, in order to protect themselves, not to go to work until conditions meet the standards.

A correctly executed application is a guarantee that the employee will retain his place of work and all the rights that are provided for by labor legislation.

If the temperature regime is violated, but the employee continues to work in full, every extra hour is considered overtime and, according to the law, must be paid as overtime.

How can a boss get around the law?

In response to the employee's requirements set out in the application, the employer may offer alternative solution Problems.

According to sanitary standards, if the microclimate does not match with established rules you need to limit the time spent in such a room, and not reduce the length of the working day. Therefore, the boss can legally:

• invite employees to move to another office space where working conditions meet generally accepted requirements;
• increase the time of the lunch break in proportion to the reduction in the working day due to the violation of the temperature regime, providing workers with a comfortable place to rest. This measure is often used when the temperature in the office ceases to comply with the rules by several degrees.

These methods do not solve the problem, but are a trick on the part of the employer in order to circumvent the current labor protection law. Therefore, it is necessary to demand from the management to adjust the functioning heating system, carry out work on wall insulation and install air conditioners in the office.

Penalty for the employer

Many bosses of large and small firms demand from employees to work in inappropriate conditions, threatening to be fired. Therefore, you need to be interested in your rights and defend them, relying on the state, which in this matter is completely on the side of the workers.

Article 163 of the Labor Code says that the head is obliged to provide decent working conditions for all subordinates. If he does not carry out work to normalize the microclimate, you can find a council for him. To do this, you should write an application to the sanitary and epidemiological service of the Russian Federation and to the labor inspectorate. Organizations are required to send a check to the specified office. If violations are recorded, the employer will need to pay a fine in the amount of 10 to 20 thousand rubles.

If this measure does not force the boss to improve working conditions, during a second check, the work of the company may be suspended for 3 months, based on the article on administrative violations 6.3.

It rarely goes to such extremes, because it is easier for management to install in the office necessary equipment maintaining a normal microclimate than to participate in various proceedings related to violations of temperature standards. In addition, labor productivity directly depends on the comfort in the workplace, which is important for an experienced manager.

Indoor temperature remains an important aspect for efficient production and a comfortable working environment, but what is the norm? What losses will be incurred if this condition is not met?

Duty of the employer to ensure temperature standards

Labor legislation regulates the requirements for measures for. The employer is responsible for meeting these standards. Such activities also include compliance with the temperature regime in the room. The air temperature affects the productivity of the labor process, and if it is below or above the norm, then this is considered a deviation.

The manager is obliged to put this indicator in order and achieve, in the end, that the temperature indicator reaches the target.

For violation of sanitary standards and failure to comply with the rules for creating comfortable working conditions, the head is subject to administrative responsibility. He can be fined for 20,000 rubles, and for some time they will establish a ban on the right to engage in this type of activity. During downtime, the manager is obliged to pay the employee average earnings, which will entail losses for the organization.

Fixing the fact of violation of sanitary conditions is entrusted to the Hygiene Service. Therefore, the best solution would be the employer's control over the state of workplaces in case of temperature extremes, as well as timely response to requests from employees.

What is SanPiN

Based on legal requirements, employers are responsible for ensuring safe work at the workplace, this also includes maintaining the temperature standard. V Sanitary standards all indicators of the microclimate at which an employee can work are indicated.

Based on these standards or according to production control programs at the enterprise, the regulatory authorities take measurements. They may be:

1. Planned, laid down in a previously developed or agreed schedule.
2. Unscheduled, which are carried out directly in order to check the state of the workplace.
3. When conducting a special assessment of working conditions.

The data are reflected in, the latter are drawn up in two copies, one of which is kept by the employer, and the second by the organization that carried out the measurements. Also, the air temperature in the room can be monitored daily using a thermometer, the main thing is that the device is verified in time and the verification period is not overdue.

Standard temperature indicators are indicated in SanPiN.

About temperature conditions

Temperature conditions and duration of work

The temperature regime when it is summer outside, according to the legislation, must be provided with the following rules:

• if the working time is 8 hours, then not higher than 28 0 С;
• for 5-hour work, the maximum value is 30 C;
• if the work is 3 hours in time, then - 31 0 С;
• if it is supposed to be at the workplace for 2 hours, then - 32 C;
• for hourly work - 32.5 0 С.

If the temperature regime exceeds 32.5 C, then it is considered dangerous for human body. The best solution for the manager there will be the installation of air conditioners or fans, and there is also an opportunity to reduce the number of jobs by an administrative document.

Temperature regime in winter time should not be lower than 20 0 С, otherwise the employee will not be comfortable. In this case, it is necessary to install separate heating systems or reduce the operating time.

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation also establishes standards for work at low temperatures:

• at 7 o'clock work shift work is allowed at 19 0 С;
• if an employee is at the workplace for 6 hours, then - 18 0 С;
• at 5 hours of residence - 17 0 С;
• if 4 hours, then - 16 0 С;
• with a 3-hour shift - 15 0 С;
• if 2 hours, then - 14 0 С;
• 13 0 С at 1 hour of work.

According to the standards, if the room is less than 13 ° C, then this is considered a critical mark and working in this mode is harmful to health.

It turns out that in the summer, the temperature in the room or production area should not exceed 28

C, and in winter it should reach 20 0 C.

How is the classification of professions carried out

Temperature standards differ and are classified differently for each category.

1. First a. When the power consumption is about 139 watts. This is a fairly low load, thus sitting work is fixed, with a minimum number of movements.
2. First b. If energy costs are between 140 and 170 watts. These are also minor loads, but the work is supposed to be both sitting and standing.
3. Second a. 175 to 232 watts. This applies to moderate physical exertion. In this case, it is necessary to regularly walk and move light loads.
4. Second b. 233 to 290 watts. The load is quite active, but moderate. Loads weighing up to a kilogram are moved while sitting.
5. Third. Energy consumption at the workplace up to 290 W. That is, the employee walks intensively, and production activities require significant physical exertion.

Some managers believe that the higher the category of the worker, the more compliance with workplace standards is required. But this is wrong, since every employee has the right to work in comfortable conditions... Therefore, the rules apply to everyone and must be followed in full.

Actions of the employee in case of non-observance by the head of the temperature regime

The temperature regime is not observed: what to do?

Often at enterprises, the standard temperature indicators are violated, but what to do? Should I continue to work or should I try to regulate this issue with the employer?

In total, there are several options for contacting the manager or other authorities:

1. Approach the manager and talk that it is impossible to be on the site, and even more so to work. Of course, you can take several employees with you so that they verbally confirm the fact of this circumstance.
2. But unfortunately, this does not work in all cases, although any manager is obliged to respond to such requests.
3. Write a paper asking to install heaters. In this case, it is desirable to collect the signatures of several employees at the same time. With such a paper it is worth approaching your boss, but if in this case there is no reaction, then it is worth transferring the document through the secretary, or even better put the incoming number. It is better to keep a copy of the document in your hands until the issue is resolved.
4. When there is no action from the employer, it is recommended to write a complaint to Rospotrebnadzor. Of course, checks will begin immediately, which will end with the imposition of penalties, which will entail a conflict. But many employers only in this way begin to do what they are supposed to.
5. It is also possible to file a complaint with the labor inspectorate, but this will also result in inspections and penalties.

Any employee has a legal basis to demand from the employer to respect their rights.

How to fix violations

Those noted for non-compliance with the temperature regime at workplaces can be eliminated for this special efforts from the employer is not required.

For the summer period, you can install air conditioners or fans, turn on exhaust ventilation if it helps to normalize the regimen. In the cold season, additional heaters are indispensable, and it also makes sense to check the performance of heating systems.

On the part of the employer, all possible measures must be taken to achieve normal microclimate values ​​and these values ​​must be noted in the protocols.

A video about the fact that new SanPiN norms have come into force in Russia since 2018, see here:

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