Today, in the construction products market, PVC doors (made of polyvinyl chloride) - external, interior and balcony - have confidently consolidated their position. Production synthetic materials presents durable and wear-resistant doors, especially since their cost is pleasantly surprising compared to other analogues.
PVC doors are increasingly being chosen for door filling interior openings In public, industrial and residential premises, as external ones, plastic products are used somewhat less frequently.
All enterprises specializing in the production and installation of plastic doors base their work on a specific GOST 30970 “Door blocks made of polyvinyl chloride profiles”. It was developed in 2002 as the State Standard of the Russian Federation. This GOST regulates the production of doors and door blocks from polyvinyl chloride profiles.
The current GOST 30970 governs the production of DPV and DPN doors for buildings and premises for various purposes. It is important to consider that balcony blocks, as well as units with increased operating requirements, cannot be manufactured based on this GOST.
Thus, plastic doors made of PVC profiles are used in sanitary institutions, laboratories, catering establishments, educational and medical organizations. No less often they are used to fill the openings of interior partitions in offices and residential premises (for the bathroom and toilet).
Positive features of plastic doors
Manufacturers of PVC doors claim that such products are natural and safe, since only high-quality substances are used in their manufacture. This is especially true for those who plan to install a plastic door in a children's room.
It is worth noting that the frame of a PVC product is much lighter than solid structures. And all because under the thin polyvinyl chloride film a dense MDF flooring is installed, which sets the shape of the structure, obtaining the effect of elasticity and reducing the main load on the doorway.
One of the most attractive properties plastic products is not only the simplicity of the design, but also a high degree of sound insulation. The fabrics and the structure as a whole do not transmit heat well and they are moisture resistant, which leads to resistance to high temperatures, and therefore the product does not deform - it does not reduce its dimensions and does not shrink.
Ease of operation due to the possibility of frequent processing door block detergents. A wide range of colors and the possibility of applying a pattern to the canvas make the appearance of the product even more attractive.
What types of plastic doors are there?
According to the prescribed standards GOST 30970-2002, doors made of polyvinyl chloride profiles are classified according to several main characteristics, namely: purpose, core material, design solution, types of finishing.
Important to remember! Balcony doors and doors in areas of high flammability are not regulated in accordance with GOST 30970-2002, and cannot be classified.
Classification by purpose
According to the type of purpose, plastic blocks are divided into:
- Outdoor units acting as entrance doors in buildings and structures (especially moisture-resistant) and vestibules.
- Internal door products, which are designed to fill interior openings, for bathrooms and other entrance doors used for use inside the building.
Classification by type of door leaf filler
Based on the type of filler, the blocks can be glazed with patterned, tempered, multilayer, reinforced, etc. double-glazed windows inside the panel, and blind, which are characterized by continuous filling of the panel, without the use of transparent materials.
Door leaves are called light when they combine glass and opaque filler. Decorative plastic products are distinguished by the presence of complex architectural patterns on the surface of the product.
Classification by type of construction
Based on the design solution, plastic doors are divided into single-leaf and double-leaf, respectively, they can be with the door opening to the right and left, or with different widths of the leaves.
The presence or absence of a threshold and transoms also refers to a sign of a design solution.
Classification by type of finish
Based on the criterion for dividing PVC doors by type of finish, the blocks are:
- white;
- colored;
- laminated ( decorative cladding film);
- with paint coating.
Design features
The production and operation of plastic door products is carried out entirely in accordance with GOST 30970-2002. The block box acts as a frame structure, welded from PVC profiles, which are reinforced with steel liners.
For a more durable connection of each box profile, welding is the best option. The threshold may be either absent or in the form of a metal overlay.
The current GOST applies to external and interior doors with an area of up to 6 square meters, while the area of each separately opening leaf should not exceed 2.5 square meters.
A prerequisite for the production of a structure is to equip it with functional holes that serve for drying the cavities between the canvases and other elements. Without them, if necessary, it will be extremely difficult to drain water from the structure. Thus, plastic doors are moisture-resistant and ventilated.
The most important! The front surface of the canvas and the product box must be covered with a protective self-adhesive film.
Accessories
Included finished product includes: profiles, double-glazed windows, gaskets for sealing, door devices.
PVC profiles are made from rigid weather-resistant polyvinyl chloride, they are durable, moisture-resistant and geometrically unchanged. The double-glazed window must be mounted from durable and anti-nuclear glass that meets all requirements. Sealing gaskets run along the entire perimeter of the box and fit tightly to avoid drafts and distortions of the structure.
A wide selection of fittings can give doors an elegant and aesthetic appearance. As on balcony doors, products according to this standard are equipped with similar hinges and locking mechanisms.
Finally
The popularity of plastic products is explained by the affordability of the price combined with compliance with all necessary requirements according to GOST 30970-2002. Cheap material PVC provides the opportunity to create a high quality, reliable and attractive product. This is the ideal combination of price and quality.
GOST 30970-2002
INTERSTATE STANDARD
DOOR BLOCKS
Specifications
Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission
ON STANDARDIZATION, TECHNICAL REGULATION
AND CERTIFICATION IN CONSTRUCTION (MNTKS)
Moscow
Preface
1 DEVELOPED by the Center for Certification of Window and Door Equipment with the participation of LLC XT TROPLAST", CJSC "RUS SVIG" and NIUPTS "Interregional Window Institute"
INTRODUCED by the State Construction Committee of Russia
2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (MNTKS) on April 24, 2002.
|
State name |
Name of the state construction management body |
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Republic of Armenia |
Ministry of Urban Development of the Republic of Armenia |
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The Republic of Kazakhstan |
Committee for Construction Affairs of the Ministry of Energy, Industry and Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan |
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Republic of Kyrgyzstan |
State Inspectorate for Architecture and Construction under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic |
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The Republic of Moldova |
Ministry of Territorial Development, Construction and Communal Services of the Republic of Moldova |
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Russian Federation |
Gosstroy of Russia |
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The Republic of Uzbekistan |
State Committee for Construction, Architecture and Housing Policy of Uzbekistan |
3 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
4 ENTERED INTO EFFECT on March 1, 2003 as a state standard of the Russian Federation by Decree of the State Construction Committee of Russia dated September 2, 2002 No. 114
GOST 30970-2002
INTERSTATE STANDARD
DOOR BLOCKS
FROM POLYVINYL CHLORIDE PROFILES
Technicalconditions
DOORS
OF POLYVINYLCHLORIDE PROFILES
Specifications
dateintroduction 2003-03-01
1 area of use
This standard applies to door blocks made of polyvinyl chloride profiles with leaves of a frame structure and swing opening (hereinafter referred to as door blocks or products) for buildings and structures for various purposes.
The standard does not apply to balcony door blocks, as well as to special-purpose door blocks in terms of additional requirements for fire safety, burglary resistance, etc.
The scope of application of specific brands of products is established depending on the operating conditions in accordance with the current building codes and rules taking into account the requirements of this standard.
The standard can be applied for product certification purposes.
2 Normative references
References to the following standards are used in this document:
The main PVC profiles of the products are reinforced with metal inserts. When making external and entrance door blocks to an apartment, steel liners with an anti-corrosion coating with a wall thickness of at least 2.0 mm should be used. For internal door blocks, it is allowed to use steel reinforcing liners with a wall thickness of 1.5 mm, as well as liners made of aluminum alloys with mechanical properties that meet the requirements of GOST 22233.
The shape, wall thickness and moments of inertia of the reinforcing liners are established in the technical documentation for the manufacture of products, taking into account operating conditions.
The distance from the liner to the corner (end) of the reinforced part of the profiles is taken to be (10 ± 5) mm. In the case of using corner reinforcements, as well as when mechanically fastening imposts, the dimensions of the connections are established in the working drawings.
Joining or tearing of reinforcing liners along the length within one PVC profile is not allowed (including when making holes for door devices and locks).
Each reinforcing insert is attached to the non-facial PVC side profile with at least two self-tapping screws (screws) according to regulatory documentation. The distance from the inner corner (weld seam) to the nearest installation location of the self-tapping screw should not exceed 100 mm. The fastening pitch should be no more than 400 mm, and for external, reinforced door blocks, as well as products made from colored profiles - 300 mm.
4.4.3 Reinforcing liners must fit into the internal chambers of PVC profiles tightly, by hand, without the help of special devices.
4.5 Requirements for filling door panels and sealing gaskets
4.5.1 It is recommended to make opaque door panel fillings from three-layer panels consisting of plastic or aluminum facing sheets filled with insulation or single-layer panels made of rigid foam PVC. It is allowed to use sheet or facing materials as panels for interior door blocks. Examples of types of filling of door panels are given in the appendix.
4.5.2 Design solutions for fastening parts of filling parts of lockable door leaves must exclude the possibility of their dismantling from the outside.
4.5.3 It is recommended to use strengthened types of glass as translucent filling of the panels: tempered glass in accordance with GOST 30698, laminated glass in accordance with GOST 30826, reinforced glass and glass with anti-splinter films in accordance with ND. It is allowed to use double-glazed windows in accordance with GOST 24866, glass in accordance with GOST 111, as well as in accordance with regulatory documentation for specific types glass (patterned, tinted, etc.).
The type of glass used should be specified in the working documentation for construction (reconstruction, repair). The use of unstrengthened glass with dimensions greater than: height - 1250 mm, width - 650 mm and thickness less than 4 mm is not allowed.
4.5.4 To increase architectural expressiveness and strengthen the structure, slabs (slab bindings) can be installed in the frames of the canvases. It is allowed to use double-glazed windows with an internal decorative frame or to install glued decorative layouts on the outer surfaces of the door panels.
4.5.5 The depth of pinching of a double glazed unit (glass) or panel in the folds of profiles, as well as the depth of pinching with glazing beads, is recommended within 14-18 mm
4.5.6 Double-glazed windows (glass) are installed in the rebate of the sash or frame on linings that prevent the edges of the double-glazed window (glass) from touching the internal surfaces of the rebates of PVC profiles.
Depending on the functional purpose linings are divided into basic, supporting and spacer.
To ensure optimal conditions for transferring the weight of the glass unit to the product structure, support pads are used, and to ensure the nominal dimensions of the gap between the edge of the glass unit and the sash rebate, spacer pads are used.
Base shims are used to level the rebate bevels and are installed under the support and spacer shims. The width of the base pads must be equal to the width of the rebate, and the length must be no less than the length of the support and spacer pads. Support and spacer pads can combine the functions of basic pads.
The length of the support and spacer pads must be from 80 to 100 mm, the width of the pads must be at least 2 mm greater than the thickness of the glass unit.
The distance from the pads to the corners of the double-glazed windows should, as a rule, be 50-80 mm.
Requirements for the installation of opaque filling of panels (panels) are established in the manufacturer’s technical documentation, taking into account its weight and the design of the products.
4.5.7 Linings are made of rigid weather-resistant polymer materials. The recommended hardness value of the support pads is 75-90 units. according to Shore A.
4.5.8 Methods of installation and (or) design of the pads must exclude the possibility of their displacement during transportation and operation of the products.
4.5.9 The design of the linings should not impede air circulation over the inner surface of the glazing rebate.
4.5.10 The basic layout of support and spacer pads when installing double-glazed windows, depending on the type of opening of the door blocks, is shown in the figure . It is recommended to install no more than two support pads on any side of the glass unit. Distortion of the pads during installation is not allowed. In products with reinforced locking devices, it is recommended to install additional spacers in the locking areas.
4.5.11 The sealing of the door curtains and installation of filling of the curtains is carried out using elastic polymer sealing gaskets according to GOST 30778 or other ND. It is permissible to use glazing beads with co-extruded sealing.
4.5.13 The fit of the sealing gaskets must be tight.
Corner bends and welded joints of sealing gaskets for double-glazed units (glasses) should not have protrusions (bulges) that cause concentrated loads on the double-glazed units (glasses).
4.6 Requirements for door devices
4.6.1 In the manufacture of products, door devices and hinges are used that are specifically designed for use in door systems made of PVC profiles.
Door blocks with swing opening with complex filling of the leaf
Support pads
Distance pads
Door hinge
Figure 11 - Layout diagrams of support and spacer pads during installation of double-glazed windows and possible options for the location of hinges
The type, number, location and method of fastening of locking devices and hinges are established in the working documentation, based on the size and weight of the opening elements of the product, as well as the operating conditions of the door blocks. The leaves of external and entrance door blocks to the apartment must be hung on three hinges. It is recommended to equip external door blocks with multi-point locks with locking at least at three points.
4.6.2 It is recommended to equip external and entrance door blocks with locks no lower than III class according to GOST 5089. Locks must comply with the requirements of GOST 538 and GOST 5089.
Depending on the purpose of the door blocks, in the design documentation, as well as when placing orders, it is necessary to provide for the complete set of products with door closes (closers), opening angle limiters (stops), eyes, etc.
4.6.3 Attachment of hinges to canvases and boxes is carried out in reinforcing inserts. For interior door blocks with a leaf weight of less than 60 kg, hinges can be attached through two walls of a PVC profile with a total thickness of at least 4 mm. Fastening of hinges to boxes and canvases is carried out, as a rule, with self-tapping screws (screws). If it is necessary to drill holes for screws, their diameter should be equal to the diameter of the central core of the screw.
4.6.4 It is recommended to use hinges adjustable in three planes on external and entrance door blocks to the apartment.
4.6.6 The designs of locking devices and hinges must ensure tight and uniform compression of the gaskets along the entire sealing contour in the recesses.
4.6.7 Door devices, hinges and fasteners must meet the requirements of GOST 538 and have a protective and decorative (or protective) coating in accordance with ND.
4.7 Completeness and markings
4.7.1 The complete set of products when delivered to the consumer must meet the requirements established in the order.
A set of products may include additional, connecting and other profiles for various purposes in accordance with GOST 30673, as well as locks, latches, closers (closing regulators) and other door devices. Accessory profiles protruding beyond the plane of the product and parts of locking devices may be supplied unmounted, complete with the products. By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, separate transportation of double-glazed windows (glasses) is allowed.
Full factory-ready products must have installed devices, double-glazed windows, infill panels, sealing gaskets and a protective film on the front surfaces of the main profiles.
4.7.2 The delivery package must include a quality document (passport) and operating instructions for the products, including installation recommendations.
4.7.3 Each product is marked on the non-front side with a waterproof marker or label indicating the name of the manufacturer, product brand, date of manufacture and (or) order number, sign (stamp) confirming acceptance of the product by technical control. By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, it is allowed to apply product markings to the protective film.
5 Acceptance rules
5.1 Products must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer for compliance with the requirements of this standard, as well as the conditions specified in the contract for the manufacture and supply of products.
Products are accepted in batches. When accepting products at the manufacturing enterprise, the number of products manufactured within one shift and issued with one quality document is taken as a batch.
5.2 The product quality requirements established in this standard confirm:
incoming inspection of materials and components;
operational production control;
acceptance control of finished products;
control acceptance tests of a batch of products carried out by the quality service of the manufacturer;
periodic testing of products in independent testing centers;
qualification and certification tests.
5. 3 Procedure input control the quality of products and parts is established in the technical documentation taking into account the requirements of the RD for these products (parts).
The procedure for operational production quality control at workplaces is established in the technological documentation in accordance with the requirements of this standard.
If the manufacturer completes the door blocks with components of its own manufacture, then they must be accepted and tested in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory documentation for these products.
5.4 Acceptance quality control of finished products is carried out piece by piece, using the continuous control method. The list of controlled indicators is given in the table.
Table 6
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Requirements item number |
Type of test* |
Frequency (at least) |
|||
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Appearance (including color) |
For test type I - continuous control. For test type II - once per shift |
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|
Deviation of gap sizes under overlay |
+ |
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Sagging of blades and size deviation between overlaps |
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Presence and location of holes |
|||||
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Operation of hinges and locking devices |
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Availability of protective film |
|||||
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Labeling requirements |
|||||
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Deviation of controlled nominal dimensions** and edge straightness |
|||||
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Requirements for the installation of linings under double-glazed windows, reinforcing liners and sealing gaskets |
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Strength corner connections |
For test type II - once a week. For test type III - once a year |
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Once every two years |
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Reliability |
Once every two years |
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Compliance with ergonomic requirements |
|||||
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Heat transfer resistance |
Once every five years |
||||
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Breathability |
|||||
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Soundproofing |
|||||
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* Test type I - acceptance tests during acceptance control; type of test II - acceptance tests carried out by the quality service of the manufacturer; type of test III - periodic tests carried out in independent testing centers. ** Controlled nominal dimensions for test type II established in the technological documentation. |
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Finished products that have passed acceptance control are marked. Products that do not pass acceptance control for at least one indicator are rejected.
5.5 Each batch of products undergoes control acceptance tests carried out by the quality control service of the manufacturer. The list of monitored indicators and frequency of monitoring are given in the table.
To conduct tests from a batch of products, samples of door blocks are selected by random selection in the amount of 3% of the batch volume, but not less than 3 pieces.
In the case of a negative test result for at least one indicator on at least one sample, the quality of the products is re-checked on twice the number of samples for the indicator that had a negative test result.
If a non-compliance of the indicator with the established requirements is detected again on at least one sample, the control and subsequent batches of products are subjected to continuous control (grading). If the result of continuous control is positive, they return to the established procedure for acceptance tests. In case of a negative test result in terms of the strength of corner joints, repeated tests are carried out on twice the number of samples. If the result of repeated tests is unsatisfactory, the batch is rejected, and production of the products is stopped until the cause of the defect is eliminated.
5.6 Periodic tests on the performance indicators specified in - are carried out when changes are made to the design of products or their manufacturing technology, but at least once during the period established in the table, as well as during certification of products (in terms of indicators provided for by certification methods).
Qualification tests of products are carried out for all indicators when the product is put into production. In justified cases, it is allowed to combine qualification and certification tests.
Tests are carried out in testing centers accredited to conduct them.
5.7 The consumer has the right to carry out quality control checks of products, while observing the sampling procedure and test methods specified in this standard.
When accepting products by the consumer, a batch is considered to be the number of products shipped according to a specific order, but not more than 500 pieces, documented in one quality document.
5.8 When accepting products by the consumer, it is recommended to use the one-stage product quality control plan given in table.
Table 7
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Sample size, pcs. |
Acceptance number |
||
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Minor defects |
Critical and significant defects |
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From 1 to 12 |
Complete control |
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13 - 25 |
|||
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26 - 50 |
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51 - 90 |
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Note - Significant and critical defects include: defects leading to loss of performance characteristics that cannot be eliminated without replacing parts of the product (broken profile or door devices, cracked glass unit, etc.), excess maximum deviations sizes are more than 1.5 times those established in the RD, products are understaffed. Minor defects include removable defects: minor surface damage, unadjusted door devices and hinges, exceeding the maximum dimensional deviations by less than 1.5 times from those established in the RD. |
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By agreement of the parties, acceptance of products by the consumer can be carried out at the manufacturer's warehouse, at the consumer's warehouse or in another place specified in the supply agreement.
5.9 Each batch of products must be accompanied by a quality document (passport). An example of filling out a product passport is given in the appendix.
5.10 Acceptance of products by the consumer does not relieve the manufacturer from liability if hidden defects are discovered that lead to a violation of the performance characteristics of the products during the warranty period.
6 Control methods
6.1 Methods for incoming and production operational quality control are established in the manufacturer’s technical documentation.
6.2 Methods for quality control of products during acceptance inspection and acceptance testing
6.2.1 The geometric dimensions of products, as well as the straightness of the edges, are determined using the methods established in GOST 26433.0 and GOST 26433.1.
Maximum deviations from the nominal dimensions of product elements, the difference in diagonal lengths and other dimensions are determined using a metal measuring tape in accordance with GOST 7502, calipers in accordance with GOST 166, probes in accordance with ND.
Maximum deviations from the straightness of the edges are determined by applying a straight edge in accordance with GOST 8026 or building level with a flatness tolerance of at least the 9th degree of accuracy according to GOST 9416 for the part being tested and measuring the largest gap using feeler gauges according to ND.
Measurements of linear dimensions should be made at air and product surface temperatures (20 ± 4) °C. If it is necessary to carry out measurements at other temperatures (outer door blocks), the temperature change in the linear dimensions of the profiles should be taken into account.
6.2.2 Maximum deviations from the nominal dimensions of the gaps under the overlay are checked using a set of feeler gauges or a metal ruler in accordance with GOST 427.
6.2.3 The sag in the mating of adjacent parts is determined with a feeler gauge as the distance from the edge of a metal ruler according to GOST 427, applied to the upper mating surface, to the lower surface.
6.2.4 The appearance and color of products are assessed visually by comparison with standard samples approved in accordance with the established procedure, under illumination of at least 300 lux.
6.2.5 The tight fit and correct installation of sealing gaskets, the presence and location of pads, functional holes, door devices, fasteners and other parts, the color and absence of cracks in welded joints, the presence of a protective film, markings and packaging are checked visually.
To determine the tightness of the sealing gaskets, compare the dimensions of the gaps in the recesses and the degree of compression of the gaskets, which should be at least 1/5 of the height of the uncompressed gasket. Measurements are made with a caliper.
The tightness of the sealing gaskets with closed sheets can be determined by the presence of a continuous trace left by a coloring substance (for example, colored chalk), previously applied to the surface of the gaskets and easily removed after testing.
6.2.6 Determination of strength (load-bearing capacity) of fillet welded joints.
To test the strength of fillet welded joints, the load application diagrams shown in the figure are used.
1 - support; 2 - stop (for scheme B - carriage); 3 - sample; 4 - load application point; 5 - removable fastening clamps
Figure 12 - Schemes for applying loads when determining the strength of fillet welded joints
The test procedure is in accordance with GOST 30673 with the following additions. Weld seams are cleaned according to the accepted technology for manufacturing door blocks.
Samples are tested with reinforcing inserts inserted into them.
The magnitude of the loads is taken according to , the control method is non-destructive, exposure under load is at least 5 minutes.
The test result is considered satisfactory if each sample withstood the load without destruction or cracking.
6.2.7 The operation of door devices is checked by opening and closing the door elements of the product five times. If deviations in the operation of door devices are detected, they are adjusted and rechecked.
6.3 Methods of control during periodic testing
6.3.1 The strength (bearing capacity) of fillet welded joints is determined by.
When conducting tests, the use of other load patterns and test equipment is permitted. In this case, test methods, including processing of results, must be correlated with the test method according to GOST 30673.
6.3.2 The reduced heat transfer resistance is determined according to GOST 26602.1.
6.3.3 Air and water permeability is determined according to GOST 26602.2.
6.3.4 Sound insulation is determined according to GOST 26602.3.
6.3.5 Resistance to static, dynamic, shock loads, as well as burglary resistance is determined according to normative documents and methods approved in the prescribed manner.
Dynamic load resistance tests simulate three types of loads that occur when a door leaf is suddenly opened or closed:
provided that there is a foreign object in the lower ledge (products must withstand a collision with a foreign object caused by the impact of a dynamic load applied at the location of the handle and directed towards closing the door);
subject to sudden contact of the door leaf with the slope of the doorway, for example, during a draft (the products must withstanda collision with a slope caused by the impact of a dynamic load applied at the location of the handle and directed towards the opening of the blade);
subject to sudden contact of the door leaf with the opening angle limiter (products must withstand a collision with the opening angle limiter caused by the impact dynamic load along, applied at the location of the handle and directed towards the opening of the blade).
The impact test is carried out by hitting an inelastic soft body (for example, a pear) three times with a bottom diameter of (300 ± 5) mm and a mass of (30± 0.5) kg from a drop height to the central zone of the sample.
6.3.6 Reliability indicators, as well as compliance with ergonomic requirements, are determined according to regulatory documents and methods approved in the prescribed manner.
7 Packaging, transportation and storage
7.1 Packaging of products must ensure their safety during storage, loading and unloading operations and transportation.
7.2 Devices or parts of devices that are not installed on products must be packaged in polyethylene film in accordance with GOST 10354 or in other packaging material that ensures their safety, tightly bandaged and supplied complete with the products.
7.3 Opening panels of products must be closed with all locking devices before packaging and transportation.
7.4 Products are transported by all modes of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for this type of transport.
7.5 When storing and transporting products, they must be protected from mechanical damage, exposure to precipitation, significant temperature fluctuations and direct sunlight.
7.6 When storing and transporting products, it is not allowed to stack them on top of each other; it is recommended to install gaskets made of elastic materials between the products.
7.7 Products are stored in a vertical position at an angle of 10° - 15° to the vertical on wooden pads, pallets or in special containers in covered areas without direct contact with heating devices.
7.8 In the case of separate transportation of double-glazed windows, the requirements for their packaging and transportation are established in accordance with GOST 24866.
7.9 The guaranteed shelf life of the products is one year from the date of shipment of the products by the manufacturer.
8 Manufacturer's warranty
8.1 The manufacturer guarantees that products comply with the requirements of this standard, provided that the consumer complies with the rules of transportation, storage, installation, operation, as well as the scope of application established in the regulatory and design documentation.
b) type of filling of the door leaf - solid;
c) box design - with a threshold;
d) type of opening and number of panels - left, single-sided;
e) overall dimensions - height 2300 mm, width 970 mm, box profile width 70 mm
Symbol DPNT GPL 2300-970-70 GOST 30970-2002
Certificate of conformity ____________________
Completeness
a) the design of the filling of the canvas is a three-layer panel with insulation 16 mm thick;
b) door hinges - three overhead hinges;
c) locking devices - multi-point lock with five locking points;
d) number of sealing gasket circuits - 2 circuits;
d) additional information. The product delivery set includes: halyard lock handle (2 pcs.), door peephole, closer (door closer), opening angle limiter, instruction manual
Main technical characteristics confirmed by tests
Reduced heat transfer resistance - 0.62 m2× °C/W
Air permeability atDP o = 10 Pa - 3.0 m 3 / (h× m 2)
Reliability, opening-closing cycles - 100,000
Warranty period - 3 years
Batch number - .........
Order number/order item - .......
Quality Control Inspector _________ Date of manufacture “___” _______ 200 __ A 2, B 2 - height, width of the box profile; a 1- size of the gap (gap in the vestibule); a 2- the size of the vestibule under the raft; a 3- the height of the fold (quarter) for filling the canvas; b 1- size of the gap under the overlay; b 2 - web filling thickness
Figure B.1
APPENDIX B
General requirements for installation of products
B.1 Requirements for the installation of products are established in the design working documentation for construction projects (reconstruction, repair), taking into account the design options for junctions of products to walls adopted in the project, designed for specified climatic, operational and other loads. It is recommended to install external products taking into account the requirements of GOST 30971.
B.2 Installation of products should be carried out by specialized construction companies. The completion of installation work must be confirmed by an acceptance certificate, which includes the warranty obligations of the work manufacturer.
B.3 At the request of the consumer (customer), the manufacturer (supplier) of products must provide him with standard instructions for the installation of door blocks made of PVC profiles, approved by the head of the manufacturer and containing:
drawings (diagrams) of typical mounting junction units;
list of materials used (taking into account their compatibility and temperature conditions of use);
sequence of technological operations for installing door blocks.
B.4 When designing and executing junction units, the following conditions must be met:
the sealing of installation gaps between external products and the slopes of openings of wall structures must be tight, sealed along the entire perimeter of the door block, designed to withstand climatic loads outside and operating conditions indoors;
the design of the junction points of external products (including the location of the door block along the depth of the opening) should prevent the formation of cold bridges (thermal bridges), leading to the formation of condensation on the internal surfaces of doorways;
the operational characteristics of the structures of the abutment units must meet the requirements established in the building codes.
Options for mounting assembly units of door blocks with a threshold are shown in the figure.
A -example of a threshold design from aluminum alloy and structural polyamide for external door blocks
Figure B.1 - An example of the lower version of the door block mounting units
When choosing how to fill installation gaps, temperature changes in the overall dimensions of products should be taken into account.
B.5 The following should be used as fastening elements for installation of products:
construction dowels;
mounting screws;
special mounting systems (for example, with adjustable mounting supports).
The use of sealants, adhesives, foam insulation materials, and construction nails for fastening products is not allowed.
B.6 Door blocks should be installed level and plumb. The deviation from the vertical and horizontal profiles of the boxes of mounted products should not exceed 1.5 mm per 1 m of length, but not more than 3 mm per product height. Moreover, if the opposite profiles are deflected in different directions (“twisting” of the box), their total deviation from the normal should not exceed 3 mm (Figure).
The door block is installed in the prepared doorway symmetrically relative to the central vertical of the opening. The opening wall, intended for fastening the frame profile with hinges, is the base when installing the door frame.
The top and side mounting gaps are usually within the range of 8-12 mm (for internal doors). The gaps in the lower junction node depend on the presence (or absence) of a threshold and the purpose of the door block.
B.7 The distance between fastening elements when installing external and reinforced products should not exceed 500 mm, and in other cases - no more than 700 mm (Figure).
B.8 To fill the installation gaps (seams) of products, pre-compressed silicone sealants are used sealing tapes PSUL (compression tapes), insulating polyurethane foam cords, foam insulation, mineral wool and other materials that have a hygienic certificate and provide the required performance characteristics of seams. Foam insulation materials should not have bitumen-containing additives and increase their volume after completion of installation work.
Figure B.2 X., LLC "XT TROPLAST";
Duke G., XT TROPLAST LLC;
Kalabin V.A., LLC " XT TROPLAST";
Tarasov V.A., CJSC "KVE - Window Technologies";
Shvedov D.N., Center for Certification of Window and Door Equipment;
Kurenkova A.Yu., NIUPTS "Interregional Window Institute"; Savich B. C ., Federal State Unitary Enterprise TsNS Gosstroy of Russia
Key words: door blocks, door frame, PVC profile, panel filling, rebate, reinforcing liner, sealing gaskets
During construction or production, established norms and standards are always taken into account, which make it possible to create safe, durable and durable products. This also applies to PVC doors, namely their manufacture and installation. Recommendations differ depending on the type of product, but GOST contains all the necessary information taking into account the design features.
Why are GOST requirements needed?
The set of rules and regulations relating to various construction, production and installation works is called GOST. This list includes many points, each of which contains recommendations for making or carrying out certain actions.
GOST also contains information on the production and installation of PVC doors. The standards include safety rules, optimal parameters and manufacturing methods, recommended installation techniques, and a list of standards that quality products must meet. If PVC doors were produced in accordance with established rules, then they are distinguished by safety, long service life, and comfortable operation. Thus, GOST requirements are mandatory to comply with, as they are aimed at creating products of the best quality.
When manufacturing and installing PVC doors, GOST requirements are taken into account
Before installing, constructing or manufacturing polyvinyl chloride structures, you should familiarize yourself with these rules. It is impossible to know the entire set of quality requirements, so it is best to study only the necessary paragraph. To do this, all sections of GOST are designated by a set of letters and numbers, and also have a designation in the form of a name.
Video: features of installation of PVC structures according to GOST
Plastic doors: production and installation according to GOST
GOST 30970 contains the basic requirements that are taken into account when manufacturing doors made of polyvinyl chloride. This standard was approved in 2014 and includes standards for swing, sliding and other types of structures. The requirements apply to all frame-type models, but not fireproof, bulletproof and other special-purpose options.
GOST takes into account the features of all frame doors
The collection of standard requirements classifies PVC doors according to five criteria:
- Purpose. Plastic structures belong to group “B”, which includes all canvases that are installed inside different rooms.
- Fill type. Doors can be with glass or a blank plastic insert, and there are also combined models.
- Opening method. According to the design, the canvas can be hinged, sliding, single- or double-leaf, double-leaf with different floors.
- Decorative finishing of profiles - color and pattern may vary.
- Opening mechanism and direction. Doors can be left or right, sliding, moving in any direction.
GOST specifies all the terms that allow you to clearly define the purpose of a particular part of the PVC door system. The standards cover every major element of the product.
Requirements for door blocks
According to GOST, door systems are created from profiles made of polyvinyl chloride and supplemented with steel liners. This also applies to connections. corner type. In this case, the area of the frame and door complex should not be more than 6 m2, and the maximum allowable area of each door is 2.5 m2. If structures are manufactured whose parameters exceed these standards, then their strength characteristics must be confirmed by tests and calculations taking into account current standards.
PVC entrance doors are in great demand and are used everywhere
The basic requirements for the manufacturing process and quality of plastic door systems are expressed as follows:
- Maximum permissible deviations parameters of door blocks no more than +2.0 or -1.0 mm. The static load applied to the upper right angle of the folded webs of folding products is no more than 1,000 N.
- The seams in the welding area must not have defects, unchecked areas or cracks. It is not allowed to change the shade of PVC at the seams.
- All reinforcing elements and liners are fixed to inside frame with two self-tapping screws. The distance between the fastenings is no more than 400 mm. This figure for external systems is 300 mm.
- Door panels can be filled with high-strength glass. Multilayer panels are also applicable.
- The sealing gaskets must be resistant to atmospheric changes, mechanical stress and chemicals. They allow for a tight fit, which can be adjusted by adjusting the fittings.
Exists a large number of requirements, taking into account which the production of high-quality plastic doors for internal use is carried out. At the same time, attention is paid to the installation of systems, and the relevant rules are specified in GOST 30971–2012.
The comfortable operation of a PVC door depends on correct installation.
Standard PVC installation doors was developed based on an analysis of the results of operating the blocks over many years. Therefore, the code of practice contains all the necessary information regarding this process. The main points are as follows:
- materials used during installation must ensure tightness, absence of local or other freezing, resistance to operational loads, and long service life;
- defective areas of doorways must be filled with putty, and all edges must have smooth edges, and if the walls have voids, they are sealed with rigid foam insulation;
- materials must be environmentally friendly and safe for human health and the environment, waste disposal is carried out through industrial processing;
- The constructed layers of the assembly seam are assessed visually with illumination of at least 300 lux at a distance of 40 - 60 cm.
Such installation requirements allow you to control the quality of the manipulations of masters installing plastic doors. These standards apply when installing PVC doors and windows of any design.
GOST for PVC internal doors
The standards for the installation of internal and external plastic doors are different, since each type of system must meet the conditions of use. For internal structures, requirements are imposed to ensure safety, easy operation and aesthetic appearance of PVC products. Interior systems are designated by the symbol “B”.
PVC internal doors are subject to less stringent requirements than external ones.
GOST 30971–2012 contains the main standards relating to internal and external PVC doors. There is no separate section for each type of structure, but in the installation and manufacturing sections there are requirements for DPV such as:
- an internal door can be equipped with a threshold or not, and if such an element is present, then it must have a continuous contour in the lower horizontal section, and its fixation is carried out by mechanically connecting the parts;
- the leaf in the assembled door block, equipped with a threshold, should not sag by more than 1.5 mm;
- internal burglary-resistant doors must withstand static loads on the leaf area from 1300 N, applied to open the product can be more than 100 N;
- reinforcing liners should not be joined or torn along the length; tile or roll or panel structures are used as panels for plastic doors;
- installation is carried out only in a flat, clean opening with strong walls without chips, potholes and dust, carried out in stages in accordance with the technical map developed depending on the time of year, climatic conditions and the necessary operations for fixing the door block;
- Deviations on each side of the opening can be no more than 4 mm; checking is carried out using a hydraulic level, measuring the diagonals of the opening, as well as a laser-type plane builder.
Internal structures made of polyvinyl chloride are mounted in a previously prepared opening. The work is carried out by professional craftsmen, and acceptance takes into account quality, evenness and the absence of large gaps.
PVC external doors according to GOST
The requirements for the manufacture and installation of external doors are met as precisely as possible, because they protect the premises from dust, noise, cold, and unauthorized entry.
Plastic entrance doors have better heat and sound insulation than internal ones
One of the mandatory requirements that high-quality external doors must meet is a multi-point locking system. This is especially true for products characterized as burglary-resistant structures. In this case, the distance between the locks should not be more than 750 mm.
Entrance curtains are equipped with closers that ensure easy movement of the blade and allow people with disabilities to move disabilities. Special attention requires a threshold, which is made of aluminum with an anti-corrosion coating and is equipped with drainage holes. This allows you to make the doors easy to use and protected from moisture.
Entrance doors can be of any color and design
The basic requirements for the manufacture and installation of external PVC systems are expressed as follows:
- the recommended threshold height is 20 mm; if the parameter value is different, then this part of the structure should not become an obstacle to the movement of people;
- doors installed on escape routes from the premises must open outward; they can be single- or double-leaf;
- It is allowed to use burglary-resistant structures of groups A and B, for which they use corner parts reinforcements and a multi-bar locking system with 4th class locks;
- External door leaves must be equipped with a system of holes for drying the gap between the panels and other parts; two holes are provided in the lower and upper profiles during manufacturing;
- When installing external panels, materials that are resistant to atmospheric changes are used, installation seam cannot cause cold penetration into the room.
External fabrics must have a particularly durable filling, as well as a high degree of thermal insulation and tightness. These properties are present due to the use quality materials for making doors, careful installation and compliance with GOST.
GOST requirements for filling door panels
External burglar-resistant or internal plastic doors consist of profiles, fittings and have filling, presented in the form of panels. These inserts can be made of glass or plastic.
PVC doors can be of any color and equipped with glass
GOST assumes following features quality filling:
- three-layer filling is represented by panels consisting of aluminum and plastic facing sheets;
- single-layer filling is made in the form of foamed rigid polyvinyl chloride;
- the thickness of the sheets is at least 15 mm;
- installation and design of filling fixation units is carried out in such a way as to prevent the possibility of breaking the canvas from the outside;
- Glass whose height is more than 1250 mm, width more than 650 mm, and thickness less than 4 mm is not used.
If the door filling meets the basic requirements of GOST, then the structure will be as reliable and durable as possible. And the quality of installation and manufacturing affects sound insulation, which is important for doors installed in private residential buildings.
GOST and marking of PVC doors
Each type of plastic door and its features are indicated by a specific marking that corresponds to GOST. For example, the symbol “A” marks external entrance doors, “B” - internal entrance doors from landings, “B” - interior or simple internal systems, installed to separate rooms.
External doors made of plastic are in demand due to their high performance characteristics.
According to GOST, PVC doors are also marked taking into account the purpose of the product and the filling of the leaf:
- DNP - external doors with PVC profile;
- DPV - internal with profile;
- DPM - interior doors;
- the filling is designated: G - solid, O - glazed, Km - combined, D - decorative;
- design: P - doors with a threshold, Bpr - without a threshold, F - with a transom, Kz - with a closed frame, Op - single-leaf systems, Dp - double-leaf, L or P - left or right, respectively, and burglary-resistant means Dv;
- sliding - Rz, swing - R, folding - Sk.
The marking of the door leaves is presented in the form of a set of symbols, which includes the designation of the design type, purpose, opening option and door filling structure.
Plastic doors are varied, but their production and installation are always carried out by specialists who know all the requirements and established GOST standards. As a result of compliance with a set of rules, safe, beautiful and durable structures are obtained.
Today there is no person who has not heard of PVC doors, also called metal-plastic or simply plastic. Using them in Everyday life, how often have we wondered what it is?
Such doors are usually made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material reinforced inside with aluminum structures. Hence the name - metal-plastic. PVC is a difficult to ignite and self-extinguishing material that cannot be atmospheric influences, as well as the destructive effects of alkalis and acids, not subject to rapid wear. It is these characteristics that allow it to be used for the manufacture door frames. Also, a PVC door is much cheaper and often more beautiful, as evidenced by customer reviews.
Anyone who buys a PVC door should know that the opportunity to choose a truly high-quality product is regulated by law. Since 2002, the State Standard for metal-plastic doors has been in use. It is called “Door blocks made of polyvinyl chloride profiles” (GOST 30970–2002).
This standard describes the main types of metal-plastic doors and their technical characteristics required by production. GOST obliges manufacturers to adhere to all quality standards described in it. Therefore, when purchasing a metal-plastic door, in order not to blindly trust the seller, it is important to understand the basic concepts of GOST.
Typology of PVC doors according to GOST
In accordance with GOST 30970–2002, metal-plastic doors are divided into:
- Regarding the purpose, the door can be external or internal. An internal door can be an interior door, an entrance door to an apartment or for a bathroom;
- Regarding the type of filling of the door frame:
- glazed PVC door, into the frame of which a double-glazed window is inserted or clear glass, any kind;
- a blind door whose door leaf is opaque. It can also be: light (when the lower part of the door is not transparent, but the upper part allows light to pass through) and decorative (when the door PVC fabric equipped with architectural drawing);
- Regarding its design metal-plastic door May be:
- with one canvas (right or left) and with two canvases (the same or different widths);
- with a fixed sash or one that opens;
- with or without a threshold, with or without a frame box;
- regarding the type of PVC profile.
Here the classification occurs according to the number of chambers of the profile system from which the door is made. Profiles come with two, three or more cameras;
- Regarding the profile finishing option, the PVC door can be white or another color, covered with a laminating film or with a co-extruded front covering.
Technical requirements for PVC doors according to GOST 30970–2002
The state standard quite strictly regulates the parameters that the production of plastic doors can afford - these are dimensions, filling of the canvas, permissible deviations during manufacturing. Accordingly, requirements are put forward in relation to fittings. This document also specifies measures for quality control of products, standards for their packaging, transportation and storage.
Operating characteristics of a plastic door
To ensure that the door you buy satisfies your needs and maintains the necessary microclimate in the house, when choosing, you need to pay attention to its main characteristics:
- Heat transfer resistance may depend on thickness insulation material, but should not go beyond 0.8-1.2 m²xC/W.
- Air permeability is no more than 3.5 m³/(hm2).
- Insulation from sound waves is not less than 26 dBA
- The state standard also establishes that the number of years of use for a PVC profile must be at least 40, for a double-glazed window - at least 20, for a seal - at least 10. The number of openings and closings during this period can be at least 500,000 times.
Strength groups of metal-plastic doors
When purchasing, the strength group of the door is also an important indicator. There are only three of them: A, B, C. The strongest, according to this GOST classification, are the doors of group A. You can also find out about this by reading customer reviews.
What deviations can be considered a defect in the production of PVC doors?
Production in violation of the requirements of the State Standard occurs in cases where:
- There is a difference in the dimensions of the finished product and the dimensions indicated in the design documentation. The difference should not be more than 2 mm and less than 1 mm. The difference in diagonal length for PVC doors should not exceed 2 mm for a door leaf measuring 1.5 sq.m and 3 mm for larger doors.
- Scratches, chips and other deformations are found on the door leaf, as well as differences in color or gloss that are visible to the naked eye.
- The door opens and closes with strain and force.
- There are deviations in technical specifications from those stated in the documentation.
- Deviations from GOST requirements during installation.
When purchasing a PVC door, do not forget that you have the right to demand compliance with the requirements of the State Standard from any company operating in the Russian Federation.
Sections of the article:
Door structures made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are quite popular and occupy one of the main positions in terms of sales among all doors. The increased demand for products is explained by the lightness and simplicity of the design, the ability to effectively withstand moisture and temperature changes, combined with significant reliability. Quality doors, made of PVC, must necessarily comply with the requirements set out in GOST.
Classification of doors according to GOST
In the process of manufacturing door structures from PVC manufacturers are guided by GOST 30970-2002 adopted and approved in 2002. This document states Size chart door structure and permissible deviations. In addition, GOST strictly defines the main characteristics of all structural elements, including the profiles used on the PVC door, as well as the devices used. The required product labeling system, as well as guarantees and acceptable packaging, are mandatory.
GOST 30970 was developed specifically for swing doors PVC structures with a frame. The requirements do not cover canvases for special purposes, as well as door mechanisms installed on balconies.
According to the derived standard and based on the principle of the main purpose of the leaf, PVC doors are conditionally divided into the following types:
- Entrance, street placement;
- Tambour;
- Interior and inter-apartment, as well as located in the internal parts of common areas.
In addition, door leaves are divided into types according to the filling principle:
- Deaf;
- Decorative;
- Glazed;
- Light.
The door that allows light to pass through is conventionally divided into 2 sectors: transparent upper and opaque lower. Glass used for installation in PVC doors can be multi-layered, reinforced, or made using additional elements decor in the form of various patterns.
During the manufacture of solid door structures, an opaque fabric is used. Also, based on the structure of the structure, doors are divided into single-leaf and two-leaf. Designs that have one leaf, based on the opening side, can be left or right. Doors with various figured inserts are decorative.
Based on the type of exterior finishing used, door designs can be:
- White;
- Painted;
- Laminated;
- Covered with a layer of varnish.
When choosing and purchasing PVC products, please note that the purchase and sale agreement will necessarily indicate the type of material used for the door, the availability decorative elements, as well as the mandatory designation of the exact parameters of the product.
The manufacturing procedure itself must be carried out in a strictly defined sequence of actions. During assembly, the frame structure is necessarily reinforced with steel elements. During the process of strengthening the structure, the greatest attention should be paid to corner areas. If there is a threshold, metal is used to make it.
Requirements according to GOST
IN regulatory document there is a clear description of the structure of the products and the drawings used for their manufacture. In addition, the installation stages are described in detail. So, doors made from PVC panels, according to GOST 30970 of 2002, must have dimensions not exceeding 6 sq.m. Moreover, each opening cannot have an area of more than 2.5 sq.m. The weight of the door structure should not exceed 80 kg. If permissible limits are exceeded, the manufacturer’s design strength calculation must be confirmed by a number of additional laboratory tests.
In the case of a vandal-resistant design, the door, in addition to additional strengthening of the corners, can be equipped with special anti-removal parts, as well as locking and hinge mechanisms, to increase security.
The standard also prescribes the installation method for PVC door blocks. Among other things, one of the very important aspects is the presence vent for the internal cavities of the canvas. Their required amount initially defined and spelled out in the list of standards.
The load on the door structure should also not exceed the norm. The maximum permissible difference in door leaf dimensions is also determined by GOST for a door area of 1.5 sq.m. cannot exceed 2 mm. If the dimensions of the canvas are larger, then the error in length and width should not be more than 3 mm. The dimensions of the grooves are also required to be specified in the regulatory document.
Main characteristics of doors
The mandatory level of sound insulation of the product must be 26 dB, and the air flow capacity must be at least 3.5 cubic meters per hour, provided that Dp = 10 Pa. External doors made of PVC, according to GOST, must withstand a minimum number of openings and closings equal to 500,000 times.
Door structures are also divided into groups based on their ability to withstand static loads:
- A) must withstand a drop of a load weighing 20 kg from a distance of 0.8 m;
- B) must maintain the integrity of the canvas when a load of 20 kg falls maximum distance at 0.5 m;
- C) withstands a drop of a load of 10 kg from a distance of no more than 0.4 m.
If it is necessary to withstand a blow with a soft object, the indicators will be as follows:
- Group A is capable of withstanding a drop of a load weighing 450 kg from a distance of no more than 1.5 m;
- Group B can withstand the impact of a load of 300 kg falling from a distance of no more than 1 m;
- Group B must withstand a drop of a load weighing 60 kg, but the height cannot exceed 0.5 m.
In addition, the GOST standards specify the requirements for the door regarding the effort applied to open and close the door. Thus, internal doors made of PVC must be opened with a force applied by a person of 75 N. In this case, closing requires an applied force of 120 N.
Differences in color shades on the surface of the structure under normal lighting are unacceptable. In places of work welding work It is not false to observe color differences with the main part of the canvas. The seams of quality products cannot contain cracks.
To increase the protection of technical products, their surface is covered with a special protective film. Each of the elements used in the design must be tested and certified in a special laboratory.
Based on the personal wishes of the customer, it is acceptable to use various colors when decorating the outer part of the product. In this case, each of the structures must be equipped special protection from exposure to UV rays.
Internal equipment
All steel structural elements are treated with protective materials to provide high-quality resistance to corrosion. When using aluminum, its nominal strength must correspond to the required parameters of the door block. The liner must be secured with a pair of screws or self-tapping screws. The fastening step cannot exceed 40 cm. When using colored profiles, this distance is reduced to 30 cm. The installation of amplifiers does not require the use of special tools. Installation of liners is done manually.
When producing blocks without transparent inserts, a three-layer PVC foam filling is used. It is permissible to use various finishing materials.
If the structure is supplemented with glass inserts, an anti-fragmentation coating must be applied. The glass itself is made by bonding it in several layers.
Door to the balcony
Balcony doors made of PVC, according to GOST requirements, may contain irreplaceable elements. However, this option is permissible only if they are of sufficient durability; the service life must be no less than the designated warranty period.
The internal filling of the balcony block must provide high-quality vapor barrier.
During installation work, the gap between balcony window and the opening must be covered with a window sill. It is also permissible to use a layer of plaster or slopes. The approved fasteners are dowels, self-tapping screws or special adjustable supports.
The gaps between the doorway and structural elements should not exceed 1 - 1.2 cm. Fastening vertical racks is carried out in at least 3 places, and the distance between fasteners should be no more than 0.7 m.
