Insulation of the armored belt on the open veranda. In this article we will tell you how to insulate an armored belt outside the walls of a house. We have open verandas on each side of the house. One veranda is visible in the photo. Since when building a house from gas silicate blocks, an armopoy is required, we made it in the form of a monolithic continuous strip along the entire perimeter of the building. We lived through the first winter without completely insulating all the cold bridges. because The cold weather has already set in and all insulation work has been stopped. Over the next summer, we not only insulated the base, but also insulated the armored belt that runs along the open veranda.

How to properly insulate a monolithic reinforced belt on an open veranda (outside the house)

To cut off the cold bridge at the entrance to the room - and the cold bridge in this case is part of a reinforced monolithic belt located above open veranda- it must be properly insulated. Before starting work, we tough wire brush thoroughly cleaned the reinforced concrete armored belt from construction waste dust and dirt accumulated over the year. Detected remains of masonry mortar or other large irregularities were preliminarily beaten off. A hammer or a sturdy scraper work well for this purpose. Then these places were also cleaned with a wire brush. After cleaning, we coated the entire insulated area with primer. For this job, I needed “Universal primer for interior and exterior work” or any other primer and a stiff brush for facade works.
We used sheets as insulation in the packaging. extruded polystyrene foam(EPS) "TechnoNikol" 30 mm thick - that's enough. EPPS - thermal insulation material, which does not rot, does not swell or get wet, does not shrink, and is durable. Manufacturers of extruded polystyrene foam recommend it for insulating foundations, plinths, blind areas, floors, flat roofs and other designs. To isolate the cold bridge, it is enough to insulate the armored belt at a distance of up to 1 meter from the entrance to the house. This insulation is sufficient to prevent heat loss at this point. However, for aesthetic purposes, we insulated the reinforced belt along its entire length: because it is visible both from the veranda and from the street, so we decided to make it the same size (the same thickness) on all sides. In order to purchase required quantity EPS, it is necessary to calculate the insulation area. You will also need a composition for reinforcing and fastening EPS slabs to a reinforced concrete beam, which is also an armored belt. We used "Glue-114" for thermal insulation boards from expanded polystyrene. Rules for use and the required amount of glue can also be calculated using the instructions on the package. And the last thing you need:

• mesh for reinforcement - its area should exceed the insulation area by 2.3 times;
• “mushrooms” for attaching the insulation to the armored belt.

Aerated concrete is an excellent alternative to brick. However, unfortunately, the strength indicator of aerated concrete blocks is much lower. The material does not hold fasteners on its surface well.

Masonry made of aerated concrete blocks has its own characteristics:

1. The construction of walls must be carried out on a reliable foundation.
2. During work, it is necessary to regularly check the evenness of the structure.
3. Along the entire perimeter of the building, the walls should be reinforced with a reinforced belt made of reinforced concrete.

When conducting construction work with violation technological rules Cracking of blocks may occur under the influence of roof pressure.

The meaning of the armored belt

Reinforced belt is called monolithic design located around the entire perimeter of the building. The armored belt protects the walls of the house from destruction and deformation under the influence of loads. The technology for strengthening the wall surface of an object involves laying a load-bearing belt between the floors of each floor and in the place of roofing.

To ensure the functionality of the armored belt, its structure must be:

1. Continuous.
2. In a ring style.
3. Closed.

The main components of the armored belt:

• Reinforcement frame.
• Concrete mixture.
• Formwork or blocks.

The purpose of the design is:

• In the distribution of the bearing load from additional floors or roofing on walls to give them strength.
• To protect the foundation and walls from cracks.
• To increase the spatial rigidity of the building.

The design ensures strength and reliability load-bearing walls, increases the structure’s resistance to wind, temperature changes, seismic vibrations, soil shrinkage and the construction site itself.

Dimensions of armored belt

The dimensions of the armored belt depend on the design feature building material to which it needs to be attached. The wall can be internal or external. For each category, builders consider their own specific requirements regarding the size of the structure.

1. The internal structure is reinforced with an armored belt with a width corresponding to the thickness of the wall.
2. When strengthening a house from the outside, the width of the protective belt should correspond to the width of the wall, excluding insulation and formwork.
3. The minimum height of the structure is one hundred and fifty millimeters. This indicator cannot be greater than the width of the wall.

Options for creating an armored belt

It is possible to install a unloading belt for walls made of aerated concrete blocks in several ways:

1. With help wooden formwork.
2. Using additional blocks.

When comparing these two methods, it can be noted that equipping walls with an armored belt using wooden formwork is technologically more difficult to implement. The second method, using additional blocks, is much simpler, but you will have to invest more money in it due to the use of expensive building material.

The unloading belt is not laid:

• Under a solid reinforced concrete structure.
• Under wooden floors supported on blocks.

In the case, it is enough to pour concrete platforms five centimeters thick under the beams, playing a supporting role, which will reliably protect building blocks from pushing.

IN reinforced concrete structures there's no point in additional protection due to the uniform distribution of the load on the walls

Creating an armored belt using formwork

The formwork for the unloading belt is wooden frame. It is made from scraps of boards fastened together along the outside.

After the formwork is completely assembled, its lower part is attached to the wall with self-tapping screws, and the upper part with transverse board ties at intervals of eighty to one hundred centimeters. The screed is necessary to make the structure reliable, otherwise when pouring concrete, it may be deformed or crushed.

Before constructing the structure, you should first worry about purchasing the necessary building materials:

1. Edged boards, minimum thickness three centimeters and a 40x40 beam for making formwork.
2. Nails for fastening the plank structure to the wall.
3. Flexible wire to add rigidity to the structure.
4. Reinforcing bars with a diameter of twelve millimeters.
5. Expanded polystyrene for insulation.

Construction tools used:

1. Drill.
2. Hacksaw.

Formwork construction technology

The technological process involves performing work in several stages:

1. Preparation wooden shields.
2. Laying a layer of polystyrene between the wall of the house and a wooden panel for insulation purposes.
3. Fastening the structure to the wall with self-tapping screws or long nails.
4. Additional fastening of wooden structure elements using self-tapping screws and wire.
5. Assembly of the reinforcement frame. First, you should lay the reinforcing pins inside the wooden panels. Flexible wire is used to connect the reinforcement to the frame. It is not recommended to fasten the reinforcement to each other by welding due to rusting of the material inside the concrete.
6. Fill cement mortar.

Reinforcement

Reinforcement is made from reinforcement rods with a diameter of eight to twelve millimeters.

The principle of the process is:

1. In horizontal laying of rods.
2. They are fastened with an overlap using flexible knitting wire along the entire perimeter of the wall.
3. In tying the joints with rings of wire with a diameter of six millimeters.

Knitting of reinforcing bars should be done directly in the formwork. IN finished form reinforcement cage heavy. If the structure is assembled separately, it will be difficult to lift and place it. It is recommended to lay a layer of stones or bricks between the aerated concrete blocks and the frame of the unloading belt.

1. Pouring concrete

When purchasing dry concrete mixture It is necessary to use material markings not lower than M200.

If there is no product of the required specification in the store, you can prepare it yourself using following proportions in the ratio of components:

• Crushed stone - 4.8 parts.
• Cement – ​​1 part.
• Sand – 2.8 parts.

To increase the density of the composition, crushed stone can be replaced with gravel. After mixing the dry elements, add water in small portions, the amount of which should correspond to twenty percent of total number mixtures.

The concrete pouring technology provides standards for performing work that should be performed to obtain the desired functional result:

1. Pouring must be carried out in one cycle without interruption, avoiding partial drying of the concrete layer.
2. It is necessary to avoid bubbles with emptiness in the filling solution, which in the future, when the mixture dries, will reduce the strength characteristics of the structure.
3. After pouring, it is recommended to compact the concrete using a hammer drill with a special attachment. Also, to eliminate voids in the solution, a vibrating machine is used, and if it is absent, air bubbles will have to be removed by pinning the solution with reinforcement.

2. Construction of an unloading belt using blocks

The formwork can be used not wooden structures, and the aerated concrete blocks are U-shaped Mandatory condition This type of building material is characterized by the presence of an internal cavity, which is necessary for laying a frame of reinforcement and pouring concrete.

Tray-type blocks are laid the same width as the walls. It is convenient to install such a belt on external walls because it performs an additional insulating function, while eliminating the formation of cold “bridges”.

3. What you need

The method is simple and requires the prior purchase of building material - ten-centimeter-thick prefabricated blocks. Please make a calculation before purchasing required quantity material based on the planned height of the structure and the perimeter of the object.

The process of manufacturing an armored belt structure using additional blocks

1. Installation of additional blocks on the wall in the usual manner.
2. Reinforcement of the central part of the building material.
3. Pouring the resulting structure with cement mortar.

Brick armored belt

The loading belt can be designed using brickwork, reinforced with reinforcing mesh. It is less reliable than concrete and is applicable only for small outbuildings. To increase strength indicators brick construction It is recommended to use reinforcement or metal welded mesh.

Features of the structure:

1. When using reinforcing mesh with a cross-sectional diameter of five millimeters, it is recommended to lay it through four rows of bricks.
2. The width of the structure must correspond to the thickness of the wall of the building being processed.
3. The height of the structure depends on the type of building material of the walls of the house and on the type of roof. The average construction size for a wall made of aerated concrete blocks is forty centimeters.

Strengthening walls with bricks with built-in reinforcement mesh cannot fully replace adding reliability structural elements using a reinforced concrete analogue.

Insulation of armored belt

The most important feature of aerated concrete is its low thermal conductivity, which ensures that a structure built from it does not freeze, even at the lowest ambient temperature. Therefore, when constructing a reinforcing structure, it is important that it does not violate thermal insulation properties Houses.

During the cold season, as well as during periods of sudden temperature changes, reinforced belt Condensation may occur. In order to avoid this phenomenon, it is recommended to carry out work on insulating the structure.

Expanded polystyrene, polystyrene foam and mineral wool can be used as insulating heat-insulating elements. In some cases they use aerated concrete blocks with partitions. When using mineral wool, leave a small ventilation gap between the insulation and the facing surface.

Adviсe organizational work for insulating the facility:

1. When constructing a structure for the purpose of its subsequent insulation, it should be done with an indentation from the outer edge of the wall, and not along its entire width.
2. The minimum width of the unloading belt should be twenty centimeters when used monolithic concrete and twenty-five centimeters in the case of using brick.
3. The resulting free space After filling, the armored belt should be filled with insulation and covered with a foam block, previously cut to the required dimensions.

1. When pouring cement composition care should be taken that the elements reinforced mesh did not touch the formwork walls.
2. To increase the functionality of the armored belt, a frame made of reinforcement is installed on the surface using a level.
3. The strength of concrete after it is poured is facilitated by periodic moistening, especially in hot weather. It is recommended to moisten the structure every day for five days. The best effect is achieved by covering the moistened surface with plastic film.
4. The formwork can be removed after a week, but it will function as intended only after two weeks, when the cement mixture has completely hardened.
5. If you plan to insulate the unloading belt, then you should not make it flush with the wall. Experts recommend shifting the formwork inward with the further purpose of filling the resulting niche with insulating, heat-insulating material.
6. There is no need to spend money on a reinforced belt if there is a solid foundation under the foundation. saturated with water soil, brick walls, as well as during the construction one-story house with wooden beams rather than reinforced concrete panels.

Reinforced belt, aka monolithic belt- this is a special design that solves several problems: to distribute the load from what will be on top to what will be below. And connect the entire plane on which it is located into a single whole. Both a monolithic concrete armored belt and a reinforced brick one cope with load distribution. Both of them do an excellent job of distributing the load from the floor slabs to the walls. If the task is also to connect the walls into a single whole, for example, from the load on the roof truss system onto the walls of the house, then a reinforced concrete belt is needed.

How to make an armored belt with your own hands

Now that we’ve figured out what an armored belt is, let’s find out how to make it with your own hands. With brick everything is simple, you make masonry from solid red brick of minimum grade M100 in several rows with reinforcement with masonry mesh. You can also reinforce the masonry with reinforcement with a diameter of 6-8 mm. With a concrete, monolithic armored belt, the situation is more complicated.

It is necessary to put up the formwork. This can be either wooden formwork or “tray” or permanent formwork, If we're talking about about armored belt on aerated concrete or foam concrete blocks. You can use factory U-blocks or make your own trays. To do this, it is not necessary to cut a U-block from a regular gas block. It is enough to make masonry from a thin aerated concrete block on the outside and inside. The space between these blocks can be insulated.

After you have made the formwork, a reinforcement frame is placed inside the tray. Sufficient reinforcement for an armored belt measuring 200 by 200 mm is a frame of 4 threads of reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm (two on top and bottom), fastened with transverse clamps with a diameter of 6-8 mm every 30-50 cm. The standard overlap of reinforcement should be 30- 40 diameters. That is, if you are laying 12 mm reinforcement, then when increasing it, you need to make an overlap of about 40 cm. In the corners, reinforcement is necessary fold over so that the corner is connected by solid reinforcement.

It is advisable to place the frame made of reinforcement on plastic clips thickness of the protective layer of concrete. And put the clamps on the vertical clamps. If there are no factory fixings for the protective layer, you can use pieces of stone, brick, etc. Pins under the Mauerlat or pieces of reinforcement are attached to the reinforcement frame for subsequent fixation of the floor slabs.

Now you can proceed directly to pouring the reinforced belt with concrete. If you will be pouring purchased concrete, choose the M200-M250 brand. This grade of strength is absolutely enough for private construction. If you plan to prepare concrete for pouring the armored belt yourself, then use the universal recipe for concrete proportions: 1 part 500 grade cement, 2 parts sand, 4 parts crushed stone.

You can also use one of our construction calculators to calculate the composition of concrete. Don't forget to add concrete plasticizer to the solution. This will make the filling more convenient for you, and the resulting armored belt more durable.

After pouring, cover the armored belt with film to prevent sudden drying. The armored belt will be ready for loading in a week. Full maturation of concrete will be completed 21 days after pouring.

In what cases is an armored belt needed?

A monolithic reinforced concrete belt is required:

• on a block foundation
• on walls made of aerated concrete, foam blocks, etc. under hollow slabs and wooden beams floors

Is it possible to fill the armored belt in winter?

Fill in winter time the occupation is dubious. However, if you really need to pour it in the cold season, take all measures to protect the concrete. Add special additives to concrete. Use as little water as possible to prepare concrete. After pouring, be sure to cover the armored belt to protect from the cold. For example, sawdust. IN minus temperature, use a special heating cable.

What is the minimum thickness, height, width.

The minimum size of the armored belt is 150 by 150 mm. But not less than the width of the adjacent slabs or floor beams.

Condensation on the armored belt

Insulate. Other options: increase the room temperature, reduce the room humidity.

Is it possible to fill the armored belt in parts?

Can. To do this, make a bevel at the junction. And the concrete doesn't have to be smooth.

In this article we will understand why an armored belt is needed on aerated concrete. The basic requirements for this structural element will be discussed in detail, and you will also learn how to properly make an armored belt for aerated concrete on your own.

Monolithic concrete armored belt inside an aerated concrete wall

Reinforced belt for aerated concrete is strip design made of monolithic concrete, following all the contours of the building wall. In houses made of aerated concrete, this belt is a necessary element that significantly improves the strength characteristics of the entire building.

1 Why do you need an armored belt?

A properly made monolithic armored belt will protect your home from any loads arising both under the influence of external and internal factors.

The negative impacts experienced by the walls of an aerated block house are very a large number of, these are seasonal deformations of the soil as a result of heaving, and strong gusts of wind, and increased seismic activity. It will be especially important make an armored belt for houses built on sloping soil.

Armored belts on aerated concrete can be made either in the middle of the wall masonry and under the roof, if we are talking about one-story house, or between floors, if we talk about two-story buildings.

Monolithic armored concrete belt in section

As mentioned above, the armored belt significantly increases the resistance of the walls of a building made of blocks to external and internal loads. It does the binding separate walls houses from blocks into a single structure, acting as a kind of stiffening rib.

The presence of such a rib makes it possible to make large window openings from blocks, which cannot be created in the absence of an armored belt, due to the insufficient strength characteristics of foam blocks and gas blocks.

Availability of this load-bearing element minimizes the possibility complete destruction Houses due to a violation of the integrity of its individual parts.

Let's consider the main reasons that determine the need to equip an armored belt:

1.1 The need for a supporting structure for the roof of a house

Foam blocks, expanded clay concrete and gas blocks, although they are quite durable building materials, unlike bricks, very poorly tolerate various point loads, which can cause cracking and destruction of individual blocks, which will negatively affect the strength of the entire wall.

Considering that the rafter system of the house and the beams that act as the basis for the roof are mounted on aerated concrete or expanded clay concrete walls from blocks by means of anchors and construction pins (attaching the Mauerlat to aerated concrete without an armored belt), beams that provide a point load to foam blocks and aerated concrete blocks, there is a need to arrange an additional load-bearing structure for the beams.

Laying the reinforcement cage for subsequent pouring of concrete

1.2 Transfer of thrust load from the wall of the house to the reinforced belt

One of the most common options for arranging roofs on aerated concrete and houses made of foam blocks or expanded clay blocks is the technology of hanging rafters. This method has a number of certain advantages, however, it imposes a maximum bursting load, which can be excessive for unreinforced foam blocks.

According to building regulations, hanging rafters in a foam block house can only be made with an armored belt, which will accept, compensate and evenly distribute the thrust load.

1.3 Preventing deformation

The presence of an armored belt minimizes the possibility of deformation of walls that have different elasticity coefficients, or experience uneven loads, which often arise when the roof is improperly constructed.

The described algorithm for creating an armored belt allows you to do it yourself not only on a house made of foam blocks and gas blocks. The technology for creating an armored belt in a house made of brick and expanded clay block is no different.

As evidenced by reviews, most builders who prefer to use cinder block as a building material are also inclined to the need to equip an armored belt, since cinder block in its own way technical specifications similar to any foamed concrete materials.

2 Characteristics of a high-quality armored belt

The dimensions of the armored belt for a wall made of foam blocks are determined by the dimensions of the wall itself. If, during the construction of a house, single-layer walls were laid, the width of a cinder block (30 centimeters), then an internal armored belt 25 centimeters wide would be sufficient.

At the same time, on the inside of the wall of the house, in order to prevent the creation of cold bridges (elements whose thermal conductivity is greater than that of the main structure of the building), it is recommended to lay insulation and cover the reinforced belt with a foam block of the appropriate thickness.

The height of the armored belt should ideally be equal to its thickness, since equilateral structures have greater strength than rectangular ones. It is not recommended to make reinforcing belts more than 30 centimeters high.

Formwork for armored belt made of wooden boards

If you are constructing a building whose design includes presence of lung ceiling, then you can make a flat armored belt, about 10 centimeters high. According to reviews, this design copes well with its functions due to the presence of reinforcing bars inside the belt.

In flat reinforced belts, as a rule, 2 longitudinal reinforcing bars are installed (if the walls are 3 or 4 wide), which are connected to each other crossbars from rods of smaller diameter. The step of the jumpers is about 50 centimeters.

If heavy concrete floor slabs are used in the construction of a house made of foam blocks, then it is necessary to equip a monolithic reinforced belt with a volumetric reinforcement frame consisting of 4 or 6 longitudinal rods.

When laying a reinforcement frame, it is important to ensure that the reinforcement is insulated into the concrete by at least 5 centimeters. To raise the lower reinforcement above the blocks, it is necessary to use brick supports of the appropriate size.

In volumetric frames, along the straight contour of the wall, transverse and longitudinal the reinforcement is connected to each other using binding wire. This is necessary to provide sufficient resistance dynamic loads armored belt

However, in places where external walls are connected to the internal ones, and at the corners of the house, the reinforcement is connected by welding.

2.1 What is the best way to make an armored belt?

Armobelt under ceilings And rafter systems must be made of concrete grades M200 and higher. Concrete can either be purchased ready-made from manufacturers or made with your own hands from M400 cement.

The solution ratio should be 1:3:5, where 1 is cement, 3 is sand, 5 is crushed stone.

If you want to get an armored belt of maximum strength, then it would be a good idea to compact the concrete after pouring. To do this, you need a hammer drill with a special attachment. You can also compact concrete by simply vigorously poking it with a piece of reinforcement so that all internal air bubbles come to the surface.

Laying a reinforcing belt made of bricks

Brick armored belts can also be used to strengthen a wall made of foamed concrete. Brick laying is carried out directly on the foam block; when laying a belt for reinforcement, it is used metal grid with wire with a diameter of 4-5 mm.

The mesh is laid on each row of bricks. The total height of such an armored belt can be from 20 to 40 centimeters, the width is equal to the width of the wall.

It is worth understanding that a brick armored belt does not have strength comparable to a monolithic concrete belt; such an armored belt, as reviews indicate, can be successfully used for small outbuildings made of cinder block, or other auxiliary buildings.

2.2 Is it necessary to insulate the armored belt?

One of the most important properties of foamed concrete, which has brought this material wide popularity, is low thermal conductivity. Warm, not freezing even at the lowest winter temperatures Houses.

In order to properly build an aroma belt, which, together with strengthening the wall, would not worsen the thermal insulation properties of the house, it is necessary to provide high-quality insulation of the belt.

To ensure that the reinforcing belt is not the weak link of the house in terms of thermal insulation, the technology provides for the creation of belts not across the entire width of the wall, but with an indentation from its inner side.

In this case, the minimum width of the belt should be 25 centimeters for brick and 20 centimeters for concrete. The free space formed after pouring the armored belt is filled with insulation and covered with a foam block adjusted to size.

Technology for creating an armored belt under the Mauerlat for the roof

Here are reviews from builders specializing in the construction of houses made of foam concrete, which will help you get a complete picture of the need to arrange a reinforcing frame for expanded clay concrete blocks:

Igor, 49 years old, Moscow:

For seven years now, my team has been using foam concrete as the main building material, and I have heard extremely positive feedback from clients about our work.

The number of fans of this material, since its appearance on the domestic market, has grown significantly. We install armored belts on aerated concrete in every house we build.

I believe that a reinforced frame is absolutely necessary for foam concrete, and manufacturers’ statements that the strength of the blocks is already sufficient for the installation of any ceilings do not correspond to reality. As for me, it’s better to play it safe once again and secure the work than to bite your elbows later.

Oleg, 45 years old, Rostov:

We build houses from gas blocks. We install a reinforced frame without fail, especially for hanging rafters and to secure floors made of concrete slabs. I recently built on my own summer cottage utility room For poultry, used cinder block as a building material.

I installed a reinforced brick frame on it, because I am sure that the “doctor ordered” it to be secured to all buildings made of building materials based on foam concrete.

How to make an armored belt on aerated concrete? Construction of houses and structures from foam blocks

Armobelt for aerated concrete walls– purpose, advantages of use. A method for creating an armored belt for aerated concrete walls.

Insulation of a monolithic armored belt for a house made of gas silicate blocks

In this article we will talk about ways to insulate one of the cold bridges - an armored belt made of reinforced concrete.

The armored belt can be insulated either during construction (this is the surest way) or some time after construction is completed.

We will not consider the reasons for the lack of insulation of the reinforced belt at the same time as construction - there can be many reasons for this. Let's just look at all the options we know.

IMPORTANT! Insulation must be carried out only from the outside of the building!

Option 1: the width of the armored belt is narrower than the width of the wall.

In this case, you can effectively insulate the armored belt and, if the width allows, make insulation and further cladding flush with the cladding of the entire wall. To do this, you need to take insulation, the width of which allows you to place it in the gap between the reinforced belt and the wall line.

It is likely that you will have to use EPS, because... thin foam is very fragile. If the width still allows, use 80 mm polystyrene foam. To ensure that the belt does not stand out on the facade, you need to take into account the width of the cladding: facing brick. tile or plaster.

If you use mineral wool as insulation, do not forget about the need for a ventilation gap between the mineral wool and the facing brick.

Option 2: the width of the reinforced belt is equal to the width of the wall, the finishing work has been completed, there is no gap between the reinforced belt and the cladding.

In this case, it is necessary to carry out additional insulation. If in two-story house the reinforced belt is made between the first and second floors and after the second floor under the mauerlat, then two insulating belts will need to be made along the facade.

To make it look aesthetically pleasing and durable, you must follow some rules:

• To insulate the armored belt, you can use polystyrene foam, for example, 80 mm thick - grade PSB-S 25. The height of the insulation belt is calculated as follows: 15 cm + height of the armored belt + 15 cm. The insulation is attached 15 cm above the top and below the bottom lines of the reinforced belt.

• How to properly prepare walls for insulation, how to attach polystyrene foam, how to reinforce it with mesh and then plaster it - we described in great detail with photos in the article “Wall insulation with foam plastic.”

• To ensure the longevity of the insulation belt, it is necessary to place an ebb with a drip in its upper part (the ebb is also used when installing windows to protect the protruding base). The ebb tide is necessary to drain rain or melt water from the insulation belt for your armored belt and is not placed horizontally, but with a slope from the wall. It is best to use a flashing made of galvanized sheet steel with a polyester coating.

• To attach the ebb, it is necessary to make a cut in the wall above the insulation belt, insert the upper edge of the ebb, seal and fasten in increments of 30 cm.

For external insulation, you can also use sprayed polyurethane foam (PPU), which can be closed on top metal profile. We do not recommend doing the work yourself, since it is very toxic (or rather, one of its components is toxic) and a spraying installation is required - it is better to use the services of specialized companies.

Option 3: Armobelt covering the entire width of the wall, finishing work has been completed, there is a gap between the wall and the cladding.

Through the cladding along the armored belt line, it is necessary to make holes for pouring polyurethane foam into the gap between external cladding and a wall (belt). The step between the holes is no more than 25 -30 cm.

Foaming is carried out alternately through one hole. That is, foam the odd numbered holes (1,3,5, etc.) first and wait until the foam hardens. Then you can foam the even-numbered holes. With this approach, you will be able to efficiently insulate the armored belt and reduce the cost of foam. Be sure to use professional foam - in the long run it will be more profitable than re-insulating it after a couple of years due to the foam falling off.

Modern materials offered by the market for thermal insulation

An unusual new (for us) material is thermos paint "Isollat" is a liquid ultra-thin coating for thermal insulation of walls, facades, pipelines, building structures. A 1 mm thick layer of this modern material replaces 40 mm of mineral wool or 200 mm of expanded polystyrene.

“Isollat”, in addition to an extensive list of properties, helps to significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of structures.

Another material that appeared several years ago and which we have not yet used is "Penoizol". If it's made from the right resin and applied correctly, the material is amazing. "Penoizol" can be used in the form of crumbs, sheets or as foam for pouring.

Insulation of armored belt, How to build a house

Options for manufacturing a monolithic reinforced concrete armored belt and proposals for its insulation, materials for insulating the armored belt

Aerated concrete is an excellent alternative to brick. However, unfortunately, the strength indicator of aerated concrete blocks is much lower. The material does not hold fasteners on its surface well.

Masonry made of aerated concrete blocks has its own characteristics:

1. The construction of walls must be carried out on a reliable foundation.
2. During work, it is necessary to regularly check the evenness of the structure.
3. Along the entire perimeter of the building, the walls should be reinforced with a reinforced belt made of reinforced concrete.

When construction work is carried out in violation of technological rules, cracking of the blocks may occur under the influence of roof pressure.

The meaning of the armored belt

A reinforced belt is a monolithic structure located around the entire perimeter of the building. The armored belt protects the walls of the house from destruction and deformation under the influence of loads. The technology for strengthening the wall surface of an object involves laying a load-bearing belt between the floors of each floor and in the place of roofing.

To ensure the functionality of the armored belt, its structure must be:

The main components of the armored belt:

The purpose of the design is:

• In the distribution of the load-bearing load from additional floors or roofs on the walls in order to give them strength.
• To protect the foundation and walls from cracks.
• To increase the spatial rigidity of the building.

The design ensures the strength and reliability of load-bearing walls, increases the resistance of the structure to wind, temperature changes, seismic vibrations, shrinkage of the soil and the construction site itself.

Dimensions of armored belt

The dimensions of the armored belt depend on the design features of the building material to which it must be attached. The wall can be internal or external. For each category, builders consider their own specific requirements regarding the size of the structure.

1. The internal structure is reinforced with an armored belt with a width corresponding to the thickness of the wall.
2. When strengthening a house from the outside, the width of the protective belt should correspond to the width of the wall, excluding insulation and formwork.
3. The minimum height of the structure is one hundred and fifty millimeters. This indicator cannot be greater than the width of the wall.

Options for creating an armored belt

It is possible to install a unloading belt for walls made of aerated concrete blocks in several ways:

1. Using wooden formwork.
2. Using additional blocks.

When comparing these two methods, it can be noted that equipping walls with an armored belt using wooden formwork is technologically more difficult to implement. The second method, using additional blocks, is much simpler, but you will have to invest more money in it due to the use of expensive building material.

The unloading belt is not laid:

• Under a solid reinforced concrete structure.
• Under wooden floors supported on blocks.

In case of use wooden floors, it is enough to pour concrete platforms five centimeters thick under the beams, playing a supporting role, which will reliably protect the building blocks from being squeezed.

Creating an armored belt using formwork

The formwork for the unloading belt is a wooden frame. It is made from scraps of boards fastened together along the outside.

After the formwork is completely assembled, its lower part is attached to the wall with self-tapping screws, and the upper part with transverse board ties at intervals of eighty to one hundred centimeters. The screed is necessary to make the structure reliable, otherwise when pouring concrete, it may be deformed or crushed.

Before constructing the structure, you should first worry about purchasing the necessary building materials:

1. Edged boards with a minimum thickness of three centimeters and 40x40 timber for the manufacture of formwork.
2. Nails for fastening the plank structure to the wall.
3. Flexible wire to add rigidity to the structure.
4. Reinforcing bars with a diameter of twelve millimeters.
5. Expanded polystyrene for insulation.

Formwork construction technology

The technological process involves performing work in several stages:

1. Preparation of wooden panels.
2. Laying a layer of polystyrene between the wall of the house and a wooden panel for insulation purposes.
3. Fastening the structure to the wall with self-tapping screws or long nails.
4. Additional fastening of wooden structure elements using self-tapping screws and wire.
5. Assembly of the reinforcement frame. First, you should lay the reinforcing pins inside the wooden panels. Flexible wire is used to connect the reinforcement to the frame. It is not recommended to fasten the reinforcement to each other by welding due to rusting of the material inside the concrete.
6. Pouring with cement mortar.

Reinforcement

Reinforcement is made from reinforcement rods with a diameter of eight to twelve millimeters.

The principle of the process is:

1. In horizontal laying of rods.
2. They are fastened with an overlap using flexible knitting wire along the entire perimeter of the wall.
3. In tying the joints with rings of wire with a diameter of six millimeters.

Knitting of reinforcing bars should be done directly in the formwork. When finished, the reinforcement frame is heavy. If the structure is assembled separately, it will be difficult to lift and place it. It is recommended to lay a layer of stones or bricks between the aerated concrete blocks and the frame of the unloading belt.

1. Pouring concrete

When purchasing dry concrete mix, you must use a material marking of at least M200.

If there is no product of the required characteristics in the store, you can prepare it yourself, using the following proportions in the ratio of components:

To increase the density of the composition, crushed stone can be replaced with gravel. After mixing the dry elements, add water in small portions, the amount of which should correspond to twenty percent of the total amount of the mixture.

The concrete pouring technology provides standards for performing work that should be performed to obtain the desired functional result:

1. Pouring must be carried out in one cycle without interruption, avoiding partial drying of the concrete layer.
2. It is necessary to avoid bubbles with emptiness in the filling solution, which in the future, when the mixture dries, will reduce the strength characteristics of the structure.
3. After pouring, it is recommended to compact the concrete using a hammer drill with a special attachment. Also, to eliminate voids in the solution, a vibrating machine is used, and if it is absent, air bubbles will have to be removed by pinning the solution with reinforcement.

2. Construction of an unloading belt using blocks

The formwork can be not wooden structures, but U-shaped aerated concrete blocks. A mandatory condition for such a building material is the presence of an internal cavity, which is necessary for laying a frame of reinforcement and pouring concrete.

Tray-type blocks are laid the same width as the walls. It is convenient to install such a belt on external walls because it performs an additional insulating function, while eliminating the formation of cold “bridges”.

3. What you need

The method is simple and requires the prior purchase of building material - ten-centimeter-thick prefabricated blocks. Before purchasing, you should calculate the required amount of material based on the planned height of the structure and the perimeter of the object.

The process of manufacturing an armored belt structure using additional blocks

1. Installation of additional blocks on the wall in the usual manner.
2. Reinforcement of the central part of the building material.
3. Pouring the resulting structure with cement mortar.

Brick armored belt

The loading belt can be constructed using brickwork reinforced with reinforcing mesh. It is less reliable than concrete and is applicable only for small outbuildings. To increase the strength of a brick structure, it is recommended to use reinforcement or metal welded mesh.

1. When using reinforcing mesh with a cross-sectional diameter of five millimeters, it is recommended to lay it through four rows of bricks.
2. The width of the structure must correspond to the thickness of the wall of the building being processed.
3. The height of the structure depends on the type of building material of the walls of the house and on the type of roof. The average construction size for a wall made of aerated concrete blocks is forty centimeters.

Strengthening walls using bricks with built-in reinforcing mesh cannot fully replace imparting reliability to structural elements using a reinforced concrete analogue.

Insulation of armored belt

The most important feature of aerated concrete is its low thermal conductivity, which ensures that a structure built from it does not freeze, even at the lowest ambient temperature. Therefore, when constructing a reinforcing structure, it is important that it does not violate the thermal insulation properties of the house.

During the cold season, as well as during periods of sudden temperature changes, condensation may occur on the reinforced belt. In order to avoid this phenomenon, it is recommended to carry out work on insulating the structure.

Expanded polystyrene, polystyrene foam and mineral wool can be used as insulating heat-insulating elements. In some cases, aerated concrete blocks with partitions are used. When using mineral wool, a small ventilation gap should be left between the insulation and the facing surface.

Tips for organizational work on insulating a facility:

1. When constructing a structure for the purpose of its subsequent insulation, it should be done with an indentation from the outer edge of the wall, and not along its entire width.
2. The minimum width of the unloading belt should be twenty centimeters when using monolithic concrete and twenty-five centimeters when using brick.
3. The resulting free space after filling the armored belt should be filled with insulation and covered with a foam block, previously cut to the required dimensions.

Armored belt on aerated concrete - is it needed and how to make it from brick

The meaning of the armored belt and its dimensions. Options for the creation and technology of formwork construction. Reinforcement and armored belt made of brick. Insulation and practical advice.

Which technology is best to use to achieve this goal?

What materials should I use?

Much will depend on the materials of the walls of the house and its design features. View all possible options it will be quite difficult, so we will focus on houses built from blocks, which are popular nowadays various types and insulation made of polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam.

To achieve optimal results, it is important to install thermal insulation correctly, protecting all parts of the residential building from the effects of cold.

Insulating a house from the outside operates on the principle of a thermos, capable of maintaining the temperature inside for a long time. In a thermos, this effect is achieved partly due to air gap surrounding the inner flask, in our case, insulating the outside of the house with polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam will help reduce heat loss.

The greatest effect can be achieved if thermal insulation is installed during the construction process, since it is more difficult to insulate a house efficiently if they are already living in it.

Ordinary polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam is suitable as good thermal insulation for block walls. But before you begin installation, you must complete the following: preparatory work:

1. Place insulation on the top armored belt, with which the last row of foam will be joined.
2. Hammer in beacons for tensioning the threads, which will be used to guide the installation of thermal insulation.
3. Attach a guide profile made of galvanized iron along the wall below, which serves as the basis for the first row of insulation boards.

Warming the armored belt at home

For insulating the armored belt, pressed mineral wool 100 mm thick is best suited. It must be laid in such a way as to protect all structural elements of the upper part of the wall from freezing. First of all, you need to pay attention to the mortgages mounted in the armored belt. After the trusses are installed and secured in the desired position, it is necessary to cut out parts from mineral wool in order to insulate the anchors on which they are held on all sides bearing structures roofs.

The space under the heels of the trusses must be filled with concrete.

Insulation elements in this case will serve as formwork.

Protection of the anchor connection from the cold will not be complete unless it is covered with insulation on top.

It is also important to fill all the gaps between the heat-insulating parts with foam.

When all the truss fastenings are protected from the cold, you can cover the remaining parts of the armored belt with insulation, foaming the joints between installed elements thermal insulation (1), as well as their connection with concrete surface (2).

Installation of beacons

The next step leading to the installation of thermal insulation on the wall is the preparation of beacons that will help to correctly install the foam, creating a strictly vertical plane. For lighthouses, it is best to use 16 pieces of reinforcement about 30 cm long (4 for each wall).

The pin is driven into the wall at a distance of 10-20 cm from the corner (so as not to break off a piece of concrete). To do this, holes are pre-drilled with a hammer drill to a depth of 5-10 cm, the diameter of which must correspond to the thickness of the reinforcement. One pin needs to be hammered into each corner of the wall, at the top and bottom.

As you can see in the two previous photos, between the top and bottom reinforcement the fishing line is stretched, which is important to set plumb. Its distance from the wall should correspond to the sum of three components - the thickness of the foam, the thickness of the layer of adhesive mixture and 2-3 mm of reserve, which will not allow the fishing line to touch the installed insulation. For 100 mm thick foam plastic, this distance is usually about 12-15 cm, if the wall plane is fairly level.

Between the vertical lines, movable horizontal lines are stretched, along which they are mainly oriented when installing thermal insulation.

Installation of the perimeter guide profile

The width of the galvanized profile must correspond to the thickness of the thermal insulation board. It is installed so that it lies on the horizontal surface of the foundation insulation.

The profile is secured using “quick installation” dowels (1), having first aligned its outer edge along a thread (2) stretched between the two lower beacons.

As you can see in the illustration, the profile is not mounted to the cinder block, but just below the level of the top of the foundation. Thus, by installing a 100 mm wide profile close to the concrete, you can expect that there will be a certain space for the adhesive mixture between the installed insulation and the wall. This is possible due to the fact that vertical surfaces the foundation and cinder block masonry are not at the same level, and there is a small step between them.

If the design of the building is such that the surface of the foundation and the wall are one plane, or if the profile is installed above the level of the foundation, then it will be necessary to make special brackets that allow you to leave some distance between the wall and the profile during its installation.

This space definitely needs to be filled polyurethane foam.

Please note: Mounting the profile so that its outer edge is strictly parallel to the thread will not be easy due to the fact that for the fastening element you need to drill a hole in the concrete through the metal of the side wall of the profile. Deformation of the sheet metal in one place can provoke a change in the shape of the product in its neighboring parts. Therefore, when doing this work for the first time, you may have to adapt. When driving in the dowel, you should also be careful not to bend the edges of the profile, which will cause it outer side may rise.

Installing thermal insulation on a wall

Once the preparatory work has been completed, you can begin installing the thermal insulation. For the first row of slabs, the previously installed guide profile serves as the basis. To fix the foam on the cinder block wall, use a mounting mixture intended for this purpose, which is pre-mixed using a mixer.

The finished substance is applied in the form of several blobs onto inner side insulation, evenly distributing them over the surface.

When installing the first row, the lower part of the insulation board is inserted at an angle into the guide profile, carefully bringing its top closer to the wall surface.

As you can see in the photo of the installation of the first row of insulation boards illustrating the insulation of cinder block walls, so that the fishing line does not interfere with installing the foam in its place, it must be temporarily pulled back. Later, when the bloopers touch the wall, you need to release the line and gradually press down on the top of the slab until a gap of about 1-2 mm is formed between it and the thread.

Please note: Once the foam has been pressed against the wall, it should not be pulled back. Distributing under pressure into narrow space, the thickness of the layer of the mounting mixture decreases, due to which it will no longer be able to perform its function. Therefore, it is better to press the slab against the wall as carefully as possible in order to line it up the first time.

Installation of the second row of slabs is carried out in a similar way, only without a guide profile. First, the bottom of the foam is installed at an angle, and then it is aligned along the thread top part.

To reduce the likelihood of errors, you can install a second row of two fishing lines.

When installing the second and subsequent rows of foam plastic, it will be necessary to cut parts from whole slabs for installation in window and doorways.

It is also important to install insulation according to the principle of brickwork (each next row shifts by half the length of the slab).

After the top row of slabs is joined to mineral wool lying on the armored belt (1), all seams between the insulation elements (2) should be foamed.

In addition, you need to strengthen the slabs with plastic dowels. To do this you need to perform the following 3 operations:

1.Drill a hole in the wall through the foam using a hammer drill.

2.Insert a mushroom dowel there.

3. Carefully hammer a plastic nail into the hole in the dowel.

Please note: Umbrellas must be installed in such a way that their caps do not rise, but are recessed 1-2 mm into the foam.

The places where the dowels are driven in must subsequently be covered with an adhesive mixture.

Of course, insulating a cinder block house using the method described above is not all that can be done to improve its energy efficiency.

You can also carry out a number of insulation measures inside the building, and install more economical system heating

However, by correctly implementing only external insulation, you can already significantly save your costs during the heating season.