K category: Water supply and heating
Control units for local heating systems
From external heating networks, water enters buildings to control units (Fig. 255), installed at the inputs, with the help of which local systems are turned on, off, monitored and regulated.
At the entrance to the building, valves are installed on the supply and return pipelines to disconnect the local system from external network. To start the system in winter period To avoid freezing of the pipeline from the heating main to the control unit, a bypass line is installed, which operates during the system startup in winter. Water with a temperature above 100 °C from the heating network enters the water jet elevator, where it is mixed with part of the return water from the local heating system.
The required temperature of mixed water entering the system is achieved by regulating valves at the elevator. Return water, not mixed with hot water, is sent from the system through a water meter to the heating network. The water meter is connected to the heat meter using fittings.
The water meter is installed on the return line, in which the coolant has more low temperature, which ensures normal operating conditions.
To control the water temperature, three thermometers are installed: before the elevator, after the elevator and on the return line.
The pressure is controlled by three pressure gauges installed at the same level. Three-way valves are located under the pressure gauges. The pressure loss in the system and the resistance of the elevator are at least 8-10 m of water. Art.
The input is equipped with a regulator that automatically maintains constant flow water. In some cases, a pressure regulator is also installed.
Rice. 1. Control unit local systems heating: 1 -- three way valve, 2 - valves, 3 - plug valves, 4, 12 - mud traps, 5 - check valve, 6 - throttle washer, 7 - fitting for heat meter, 8 - thermometer, 9 - pressure gauge, 10 - elevator, 11 - heat meter, 13 - water meter, 14 - water flow regulator, 15 - pressure regulator, 16 -. valves, 17 - bypass line
To catch dirt caught in the network, mud collectors with drain plug valves are installed. To regulate the resistance, install after the regulator check valve and a throttle washer.
The share of heating costs is predominant in utility bills throughout our country. Moreover, in the northern regions, as well as where imported fuel oil is used as fuel, thermal energy is especially expensive. For this reason, the issue of economical consumption and reasonable use of thermal energy is one of the most pressing today.
As you know, saving begins with accounting. Today, meters of thermal energy supplied to the apartment house. Statistics show that this simple measure has reduced heating costs by 20, and sometimes even 30%. But this is not enough, we need to move on and the vector of this movement should be directed towards apartment-by-apartment heat metering and reducing energy consumption depending on the reduction in energy needs.
To do this, it will be necessary to reconstruct the elevator input and install a control unit for the heat supply system with automatic regulation of its operation depending on the outside air temperature. It is also necessary to install pumps with frequency regulation their work. Most efficient system will be when installing a temperature control sensor and a heat energy consumption meter on each heating radiator.
Of course, this will require cash, which, according to preliminary calculations, should pay for themselves within two years of system operation. You can use funds from the federal program for increasing the efficiency of using energy resources, take out a loan and repay it using monthly money received from residents, highlighting a separate column for the costs of reconstructing the heating system. You can simply “chip in” and thereby stop throwing your own money into environment together with irrationally used thermal energy.
The main thing is to understand that the heating system that exists today, especially during the off-season, is like a fire lit on the balcony: it warms, but not what is needed.
Perfect option
Ideal option heating system for the consumer is heating network, automatically maintaining the specified temperature regime in each room. At the same time, the motivation for residents to install and use it should be not only comfortable conditions residence (you can simply adjust the temperature by opening balcony door or a window to the street), but also a reduction in heating fees.
For this, an apartment-by-apartment system for metering thermal energy consumption is needed. Sales companies insist that in our country, with its traditional vertical distribution of the heating system, it is impossible to install a heat meter in every apartment, but at the same time they lose sight of (or there is simply no desire to see and take into account) that heat meters can be installed in every heating radiator, without changing the two-pipe or single-pipe vertical wiring heat to horizontal.
When calculating for heat, it is enough to sum up the readings of all meters. Even an elementary school student can handle this.
Individual metering of thermal energy will allow you to consciously save heat by stopping its supply to those rooms where no one is temporarily living or simply preferring to be in a cool room. To do this, you can turn off the taps installed on each radiator.
But there is another way to regulate heat consumption: using a radiator thermostat, consisting of a valve and a thermostatic head. The principle of operation of the system is simple: the movement of the valve embedded in the pipe is controlled by a thermostatic head, which responds to changes in the temperature in the room: when it’s hot, the valve closes the pipe; when it’s cold, it opens. At the same time, using manual control, you can configure the device as you wish: if you like it to be hot, set maximum temperature on the regulator you want to get indoors.
There are thermostats that can be used to regulate the temperature in the room depending on the time of day: no one is home during the day, the heating can be turned off, and turned on in the evening.
It would seem that everything is simple: meters can be installed in every apartment, the amount of thermal energy can be increased or decreased, and heating fees can be saved. But at the same time, the system for regulating the distribution of thermal energy throughout the house, that is, the traditional elevator input, is overlooked.
Operating principle of the hydraulic elevator
The hydraulic elevator is supplied with coolant from the main pipeline. Its pressure is regulated using a conventional valve. At the same time, the temperature of the network water is so high that it cannot be supplied directly to consumers, so the network water in the hydraulic elevator is mixed with the already cooled return water.
If the coolant completes a cycle of movement through the heating system and does not consume the reserve of thermal energy, which will certainly happen when the heating devices, will go to the elevator hot water from the network and hot water from the return pipeline.
The hydraulic elevator does not have feedback with the main pipeline and cannot reduce the pressure of the network water. As a result, consumers whose heating devices are not shut off and operating at full power will be sent too hot water, which will lead to equipment damage.
In this case, the thermal energy meter will not record a decrease in heat consumption, and the sales company will note overheating and impose penalties. It turns out that all efforts to reduce heating costs were made in vain.
What to do
We need a heating point with an automatic system for regulating the supply of network water
1. Hydraulic elevator
2. Electric drive
3. Control system
4. Temperature sensor
5. Coolant temperature sensor in the supply pipeline
6. Coolant temperature sensor in return pipeline
It uses a heat exchanger in which network water and water from the main pipeline are mixed. IN heating system It is this “mixture” that is served. Its temperature is measured and if the permissible value is exceeded, the main water supply is shut off, which leads to a reduction in thermal energy consumption.
As a result, thermal energy consumption can be controlled. 
A modern heating control system allows you to implement the most complex and advanced schemes and programs for adjusting equipment operating modes, achieve significant energy savings, and ensure remote control heating. We want to consider the heating control unit from the point of view of its design and operational features and advantages.
Automatic control unit
Purpose
Knot automatic control is an individual heating point designed to control the parameters of the coolant circulating in the heating system, depending on the temperature indicators in the room, outside, in the supply and return pipelines of the circuit.
In addition, the system allows you to implement protection against emergency situations, switching equipment operating modes, GSM heating control. In the event of a breakdown or emergency situation, the module is able to notify all subscribers included in the mailing list using SMS messages.
However, this is far from full list functions.
The control node can provide:
- Operating modes and parameters, set coolant circulation speed;
- Monitoring the maintenance and implementation of the specified temperature schedule of the supply and return pipelines. This allows you to protect the system from overheating and hypothermia;
- Maintaining a given constant pressure drop at the supply and return input to the building, which allows all automation to operate normally;
- Fine and coarse cleaning of coolant;
- Visual control of all system performance indicators: temperatures in key areas, pressure difference at the inlet and outlet of the unit, specified operating mode, alarm signals;
- Remote heating control by phone and via the Internet;
- Remote control of premises, alarms, entrance doors and gates using additional sensors.
Important!
For installation similar system the boiler and other equipment must be adapted to electronic control.
Old frames with mechanical latches will not work with this scheme.
Device and principle of operation
The photo shows a 3-D model of the control unit.
Composed of any automatic system control includes the following nodes:
- Sensors and sensors that collect the necessary data in various places in the system;
- Controllers and processors that compare the data received from the sensors with the values dictated by the instruction (program) recorded on the memory card, make a decision and, based on it, issue commands to the execution mechanisms;
- Executing mechanisms that receive commands from controllers and perform simple actions - closing taps and valves, increasing the power of units, switching modes, and performing emergency shutdowns of broken components.
The sensors are pressure and temperature sensors, as well as any additional sensors that allow you to control different processes. The most important are temperature sensors for the supply and return flow of coolant, indoor and outdoor temperature sensors, as well as pressure sensors at the system inlet.
The role of the controller is played by a low-power computer that reads information from all sensors. A program is recorded on the computer memory card that determines temperature conditions.
The controller compares the received values with the specified ones, and, if necessary, makes a decision to make changes: increasing the coolant supply to one or another circuit, turning off the boiler or switching it to another operating mode, etc.
Upon making a decision, the controller sends a control signal to one or another actuator: switching relay, valve or damper servomotor, switch or boiler electronics. Depending on the specified program, the GSM module for heating control can send messages to the owner about a particular event, and after waiting for a response, take certain measures.
Heating control in a country house via GSM is carried out using a special module built into the computer.
This module includes the following elements:
- SIM card slot;
- Power supply and battery;
- GSM modem;
- Antenna connector;
- LAN port for connecting to an Internet provider;
- Microprocessor;
- Memory card;
- USB connector for setup and configuration;
- LED indicators or liquid crystal display;
- A contact group with inputs and outputs for collecting data and sending control signals.
Important!
Must be supplied with the module for GSM control software for installation on a mobile phone operating system.
The program will help organize remote communication between the controller and the operator.
Advantages
What are the advantages of using an automatic heating control unit?
A modern controller with a communication module allows you to get the following advantages and benefits:
- Fine adjustment of the system in real time allows you to achieve maximum savings at the appropriate level of comfort;
- You can achieve exactly the temperature and climatic parameters of the room that you want, and for this you simply need to set the desired temperature values;
- The instant notification system about emergency conditions and abnormal events significantly increases the reliability and safety of work;
- You have the opportunity to leave the house with the heating running and control its condition from a distance, as well as control operating modes, turn the equipment on or off remotely;
- Winter visit to Vacation home when the heating is turned off, it requires you to go into a cold room, heat the unit and wait several hours until the room warms up. Now you can give the command to turn on in advance and not waste time.
You can assemble and connect the control system yourself - no permits or approvals are required for this. The work is easy to do by following the manufacturer's instructions. The price of the kit can range from 4 to 40 thousand rubles, depending on the configuration and manufacturer.
Important!
Most modules have connectors for connecting additional sensors, which can be used to control the opening of windows and doors, listening or surveillance, and other useful functions.
Conclusion
Monitoring and management of modern heating systems can be carried out by software with remote operator participation. Communication can be done digitally cellular communication GSM or Internet networks. Additional information you can find it in our video.
Automated node heating system control is a type of individual heating point and is designed to control the parameters of the coolant in the heating system depending on the outside air temperature and operating conditions of the buildings.
The unit consists of a correction pump, an electronic temperature controller that maintains a given temperature graph and differential pressure and flow regulators. Structurally, these are pipeline blocks mounted on a metal support frame, including a pump, control valves, elements of electric drives and automation, instrumentation, filters, and mud collectors.
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Automated heating system control unit
Characteristics
| No. type AUU | Q, Gcal/h | G, t/h | Length, mm | Width, mm | Height, mm | Weight, kg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0,15 | 3,8 | 1730 | 690 | 1346 | 410 |
| 2 | 0,30 | 7,5 | 1730 | 710 | 1346 | 420 |
| 3 | 0,45 | 11,25 | 2020 | 750 | 1385 | 445 |
| 4 | 0,60 | 15 | 2020 | 750 | 1425 | 585 |
| 5 | 0,75 | 18,75 | 2020 | 750 | 1425 | 590 |
| 6 | 0,90 | 22,5 | 2020 | 800 | 1425 | 595 |
| 7 | 1,05 | 26,25 | 2020 | 800 | 1425 | 600 |
| 8 | 1,20 | 30 | 2500 | 950 | 1495 | 665 |
| 9 | 1,35 | 33,75 | 2500 | 950 | 1495 | 665 |
| 10 | 1,50 | 37,5 | 2500 | 950 | 1495 | 665 |
The automated control unit for the heating system contains control elements from Danfoss and a pump from Grundfoss. The control units are completed taking into account the recommendations of Danfoss specialists, who provide consulting services in the development of these units.
The node works as follows. When conditions arise when the temperature in the heating network exceeds the required one, electronic regulator turns on the pump, which adds as much cooled coolant from the return pipeline to the heating system as is necessary to maintain the set temperature. The hydraulic water regulator, in turn, closes, reducing the supply of network water.
Operating mode of the automated heating system control unit in winter time 24/7, the temperature is maintained in accordance with the temperature schedule with correction based on the return water temperature.
At the customer's request, a temperature reduction mode can be provided in heated rooms at night, on weekends and holidays, which provides significant savings.
Reducing the air temperature in residential buildings at night by 2-3°C does not worsen sanitary and hygienic conditions and at the same time provides savings of 4-5%. In industrial and administrative buildings, heat savings by reducing the temperature during non-working hours are achieved to an even greater extent. The temperature during non-working hours can be maintained at 10-12 °C. Total heat savings with automatic control can be up to 25% annual consumption. IN summer period the automated node is not working.
The plant produces automated heating system control units, their installation, commissioning, warranty and service.
Energy saving is especially important because... It is through the implementation of energy-efficient measures that the consumer achieves maximum savings.
We are always open to participating in solving your problems related to our subject matter and are ready to cooperate with you in any form, including our specialists visiting the site.
26.08.2010
The automated control unit for the heating system, produced by OJSC SANTEKHPROM, is included in the Register of new equipment used in the construction (reconstruction) of city-ordered facilities.
On July 26, 2010, at a meeting of the Expert Commission on New Equipment, it was decided to include the automated heating system control unit, produced by OJSC SANTEKHPROM, in the Register of new equipment used in the construction (reconstruction) of city-ordered objects in Moscow.
Brief information:
The automated control unit (ACU) is designed for automatic regulation parameters of the coolant (temperature, pressure) entering the heating system of the residential area apartment buildings and other buildings. Regulation is made in accordance with the outside temperature. When the air temperature decreases, the temperature of the coolant increases; when the air temperature increases, the temperature of the coolant entering the heating system of the residential part of the buildings decreases. Also, using the ACU, the calculated pressure drop between the supply and return lines of the heating systems of the residential part of the building is ensured.
The ACU is a factory-ready unit, fully assembled and ready for installation on site.
Currently, the State Unitary Enterprise "MNIITEP", LLC "Danfoss" and OJSC "SANTEKHPROM" have determined the range of ACU, which includes 150 types, which can be divided by thermal load and equipment installation scheme, and the SANTEKHPROM plant has organized serial production of ACU in the form of blocks factory ready.
The operating principle of the ACU is as follows. The coolant coming from the central heating station moves through the ACU. The ACU contains a controller. It contains a preset temperature schedule recorded on the regime card. Using sensors, a comparison is made between the actual and set coolant temperatures. Using pumps, the coolant from the return line is mixed with the coolant from the supply line. The coolant supply is regulated using a control valve. The pressure drop in the heating system is controlled using a differential pressure regulator.
The ACU includes the following main components:
mixing pump
motorized control valve
differential pressure regulator
magnetic filter
check valve
steel ball valves
temperature sensors
Pressure Sensors
pressure gauges
thermometers
outside air temperature sensor
controller
electrical control cabinet
In two five-story buildings in the Metrogorodok area, as part of a sample overhaul engineering systems, by the efforts of the Prefecture of the Eastern Administrative District of Moscow, OJSC SANTEKHPROM and LLC Danfoss, the AMU was installed. They replaced the elevator units. Heating devices were also replaced. Automatic thermostats were installed on the new heating devices. Heating systems were installed on the risers balancing valves. In the subsequent heating season, heat consumption was monitored in these houses:
- The actual consumption of thermal energy in the house was 425.7 Gcal;
- The standard consumption of thermal energy was 673.7 Gcal;
- The savings amounted to 248 Gcal or 37%.
Another house, located in the same area and powered by the same central heating station as the first house, showed the following results:
- The actual consumption of thermal energy in the house was 339.8 Gcal;
- The standard consumption of thermal energy was 493.8 Gcal;
- The savings amounted to 154 Gcal or 31%.
According to the capital repair program residential buildings in the city of Moscow in 2008 - 2010, it is planned to install more than 1000 automatic control units. As of July 2010, about 600 automatic control units have been installed in various districts of Moscow. According to the head of the municipal services complex, the results of monitoring residential buildings in the past heating season showed that savings in thermal energy consumption are up to 34%.
Thus, saving thermal energy consumption in residential buildings can be achieved, in particular, if the following engineering equipment is used:
Factory-made AUU.
Balancing valves.
Heating devices with built-in automatic thermostats.
Extract from the Register of New Equipment under Protocol No. 3/2010 of the Expert Commission dated July 26, 2010.
Name of the new technology sample: Automated heating system control unit (AUU CO).
Purpose and scope: Automatic control system for heating systems with regulation (maintenance) of temperature and pressure parameters of the coolant in heating systems. Applicable in accordance with current regulations on energy saving when connecting residential and public buildings to the central heating center instead of the elevator control unit. For public buildings, it is possible to regulate ventilation and air conditioning parameters.
Developer, manufacturer, supplier: State Unitary Enterprise "MNIITEP", OJSC "SANTEKHPROM"
Year of issue: 2008
Technical characteristics (performance, power, etc.): Specifications:
B) Temperature conditions:
Local water °C without mixing, return pump with three-way valve:
Superheated water °C with mixing, jumper pump with differential pressure regulator:
Superheated water °C with mixing, return pump:
Terms of Use. Guarantee period services: Terms of Use:
A) Exhaust ventilation;
B) Electricity (uninterrupted power supply 220V);
B) The outdoor air sensor should be placed outside the building on the north wall;
D) Backup pump (to prevent the heating system from freezing in the event of a breakdown of the main pump);
D) A separate room, possibly a basement type, with a door and a lock (to restrict access by unauthorized persons).
The room temperature should be in the range from +1 to +30 ° C.
Periodic inspection of the system by qualified operating personnel.
Service life: 5 years without repair.
Unit price, rub. (according to the applicant): Depends on scheme 1-12 and load and ranges from 117,392 rubles. excluding VAT up to RUB 1,367,844. without VAT
Performance indicators. Payback: Allows you to reduce thermal energy consumption by 50%. Planned profit for energy saving resources. Payback on average is 2 years.
