A pond at a summer cottage brings pleasure in the case when its banks are reliably strengthened and the water mirror remains clean. It is necessary to take care of the comfortable state of the pond or other reservoir in advance. Let's make a reservation right away: for this, hydraulic structures must have a certain assembly scheme and appropriate materials. How to properly strengthen the banks of the reservoir?

Why is it necessary to strengthen water bodies

Any artificial pond at a summer cottage during design and installation requires special measures aimed at strengthening the banks of the reservoir.

Strengthening the banks is necessary for miniature reservoirs with a water surface area of ​​up to 1 square meter, as well as reservoirs with a significant water surface area. The correct biobalance of plants and microorganisms of the fortified shores of the reservoir will exclude the possibility of turning the pond into a sour puddle. What ways and methods can you strengthen the shore with your own hands?

A good choice building materials allows for strengthening using concrete, film, polymer materials and gabion structures. Bank protection measures allow the use of such materials:

Polymer sheet piles

Wooden piles

The variant of "strengthening" work must be carried out according to the results of hydraulic engineering surveys of soils, taking into account design features fences or structures. Let us advise that the main conditions for the operation of bank protection are the loads on the foundation.

Ways to strengthen the banks of the reservoir

The existing technologies of bank protection are intended for the construction or reconstruction of a summer cottage reservoir. The possibility of water erosion of the coastline or soil creep forces one to look for the best option strengthening. Strengthening the banks is rather laborious and therefore expensive.

There are the following ways to strengthen the banks of reservoirs on the site:

Using anti-erosion mesh (cost about 650 rubles per square meter)

With the use of plants and shrubs (cost 2900 rubles per square meter)

Using a geogrid (cost 1400 rubles)

Using a reinforcing mesh of fine-mesh weaving with filling with buta (cost 2900 rubles)

Using wooden piles (cost 1700 rubles)

Using sheet piles and sheet piles (cost 2000 rubles)

Using gabion structures (cost 2900 rubles)

You can strengthen the shore of the reservoir yourself. To do this, it is necessary to develop a suitable project and select the necessary materials.

How to strengthen the banks of the reservoir

Strengthening the shore of the reservoir with your own hands depends on the type of coastline.

if the shore of the reservoir is flat

When the shore of the reservoir at the summer cottage has a slope of less than 45 °, then it can be strengthened by the roots of shrubs or low trees planted in the ground. Over time, the plants on the shores of the reservoir will grow and provide for the strengthening of the coastline.

Geogrids filled with grass seeds for the lawn or a flat modification of gabions - Renault mattresses can also help. The strengthening process will consist of the following stages: planning the coastal slope with its subsequent leveling, laying the reinforcing structure and giving it stability.

We spread the geotextile on the prepared soil, removing fertile layer... The geogrid is laid and reinforced with anchors with the fixation of individual modules in a checkerboard pattern.

A pneumatic stapler is used to fasten the modules, reinforcement is performed with common anchors.

After strengthening, we make the design of the shore of the reservoir. However, for reservoirs with a significant slope, these methods are ineffective. Therefore, piles, sheet piles and large gabion structures are used.

if the shore of the reservoir is steep or sheer

When the coastline of the reservoir at the site is steep and it is impractical to solve the problem with the use of geogrids, use a more powerful reinforcement using sheet piles, piles and gabions.

use of PVC sheet piles and sheet piles

Reinforced concrete sheet piles and PVC sheet piles are most widely used in hydraulic engineering works. Why is the use of sheet piles and polymer sheet piles attractive? These are such positive qualities:

No need for excavation, which reduces installation time

The process of subsequent maintenance during operation is minimized

Increased reliability and safety of hydraulic structures.

However, dowel piling methods (immersion method) involve the use of special equipment for hammering with a headstock during vibration immersion and burial. Schematically, a wall made of a reinforced concrete sheet pile with an anchor consists of a slope fastening, a monolithic cap beam and a facing slab, as well as a reinforced concrete sheet pile, a drainage backfill, a reinforced concrete box and an anchor plate.

Agree that this hydraulic structure will require certain knowledge and skills, therefore it is difficult and expensive to create such a strengthening. In addition, reinforced concrete sheet piles are used in the case of transferring the degree of load at weak ground. Pile foundation from wooden piles, combined structurally with the use of a grillage beam, is able to provide the necessary resistance of the coastal soil.

use of wooden piles

The scheme of using wooden piles for bank protection assumes crushed stone preparation, prefabricated pile structure with a persistent belt. For piles, preference should be given to oak and larch wood. The old and proven method of strengthening the banks using wooden piles will provide the structure with strength for a long time.

use of gabions

The use of gabion structures (box-shaped retaining walls) can be confidently called the traditional way bank protection in case of disturbance of land by water erosion. Therefore, gabions are used for inclined, channel, shear and wave erosion of the coastline.

Gabion construction is capable of withstanding significant resistance to static and dynamic loads using reinforcing elements - gabion edges. The porosity and permeability of the gabion ensure the drainage of the backfill, eliminating the costs of the drainage device.

Strengthening the banks using gabion structures independently consists of the following actions:

Perform general planning work

The folded gabion structure is laid out on a flat surface

Assemble gabions of the required configuration and fix the side surfaces

A bunch of corners of the structure is carried out with double turns with a step of 10 cm.

Assembled gabion structures are installed at the installation site.

Tie gabions to each other and drive fastening rods into the corners of the boxes

Fill the boxes with stones and compact the total mass

Attract top cover and close the box using a wire.

Thus, a properly assembled and installed hydraulic structure can provide an adequate level of protection for the coastline.

Strengthening of banks, which is called bank protection, is used during landslides or erosion of banks by water and during construction, when there is a need to increase or decrease the reservoir.

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You, of course, have seen the perfect lawn in the movies, in the alley, and possibly on the neighbor's lawn. Those who have ever tried to grow a green area on their site will no doubt say that this is a huge work. The lawn requires careful planting, care, fertilization, watering. However, only inexperienced gardeners think so, professionals have long known about an innovative tool - liquid lawn AquaGrazz.

Consider the most effective bank protection methods today:

Anti-erosion mesh for bank protection

The anti-erosion material fills well the elements of the plant soil. It has a low weight, increased strength and flexibility. Plant roots hold such material together with the soil, thereby strengthening vegetation layer, while it turns into a reinforced section. This method is the most affordable, and you can arrange it on your own.

Strengthening river banks with a coconut mat

A mesh mat of a material such as coconut is based on woven ropes, which have a fibrous type of structure. It is able to fortify river edges and support vegetation that is planted in the water and along the coast.

Bank protection with geogrids

This method of bank protection using a geogrid is inexpensive option... Moreover, this is the most reliable method, in particular, if the coast is swelling. You will make beautiful appearance... At the same time, you will get the opportunity to comfortably and without slipping go into the water and go ashore. You can put river pebbles or other materials in the cells. You can make a mosaic that only you will have.

Reinforcing mesh for bank protection

The bank can be strengthened with a material such as a tumbling stone mesh. You can also use other types of placeholders. This mesh is very durable, while protecting the surface from slopes. The net will always remain on the shore.

Using biological objects

The use of such material as a biological object of plant origin is the most capricious and troublesome method. However, it cannot be compared with other bank protection methods.

Material for strengthening the banks of reservoirs

Bank protection piles

Piles can also be used for bank protection. They can be both metal and concrete or plastic. Strengthening the banks using metal or concrete piles. Can be applied plastic material... This method is often used for very steep banks. By the method of masonry, it is somewhat similar to strengthening the banks by means of larch and screw methods. Concrete with plastic are new materials that have proven their worth in operation.

This method is the most time consuming and costly, but, in addition, it is the safest and most outwardly beautiful. The vegetation for bank protection is selected taking into account the properties of the soil in this area and based on the goals set for the formation of strong barriers from several steps from erosion of the coastline. Due to the lightness of the soil and the heterogeneity of the coastline, in particular, in the middle strips, it is not necessary to create a bank protection plan yourself, and even more so to choose vegetation for planting. Here you need the help of specialists who know a lot about such types of work and can definitely pick and arrange everything in the shortest possible time. This method cannot be compared to bank protection with slabs.

Bank protection with sheet piling

Bank protection with tongue and groove is the most popular method when it is necessary to strengthen the coastlines, and the funds for such works are limited. The tongue is a great material. The use of a material such as sheet piling is quite wide in construction works... And there is nothing strange in the fact that it is the sheet pile that is used for such complex work as bank protection. Bank protection with sheet piling is carried out by means of PVC applications and composite material. The rather simple installation of the tongue and groove and the low weight make it possible to say that this method is simple, cheap and at the same time fast.

Bank protection with various materials

Bank protection with larch

Bank protection with larch is by far the most effective and durable method of forming a stable coastline. The tree works well in bad weather conditions and has unique properties, which makes it possible to apply its natural features.

Bank protection with gabions

Bank protection with gabions is good method formation of a coastline with difficult access for technology. With ease installation works and the flexibility of structures, the formed coastline can have any kind of relief.

Do-it-yourself bank protection

To strengthen the banks of the pond, where there are sheer walls and film coverings, it is better to use a coconut mat. This material has an aesthetic appearance, which will give the edges of the pond a beautiful shape. In color, coconut mats are somewhat similar to natural soil, in addition, the material makes it possible to increase the coastal space for moisture-loving plants... Plants perfectly decorate the coastlines of the pond, and root system landings strengthens the coast. There are a lot of ways to strengthen the banks of rivers and other reservoirs, and they differ in variety. But if you decide to do bank protection with your own hands, then a coconut mat will come in handy in this matter, and this is the easiest way.

Laying should start from the shoreline, without pulling on the coconut mat. The lower area of ​​the skein should be lowered along the stream wall by about half a meter. The upper area must be secured to the shore by means of fittings. In order to fix the mat on PVC film, we use assembly adhesive... The joint of this material must be overlapped by about 20 centimeters, in addition, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the direction of the overlap should be located from an area that is inaccessible for viewing.

We immerse part of the coconut mat in water, where it is covered with sand, and the part located on land - with plants. If you cannot decorate the bank of the stream with your own hands from stones, there is no material, then you can use any plants for decoration. At the same time, you will learn from a design that is as close as possible to natural appearance brook. Basically, a similar method of decoration is used in a landscape stylistic direction. As you can see, with the help of a coconut mat, it is quite simple with your own hands to equip the strengthening of the banks of the river and not only.

Among the advantages of using coconut mat it should be noted:

• the purity of such material;
• work will not require large financial costs;
• laying work is simple, you can simply do it yourself;
• such a mat provides the bank with thorough protection against erosion for a long time;
• due to the structure of the coconut material, plants can grow through it, while their root system will strengthen the coastline;
• coconut mats do not lose their own characteristics from the influence ultraviolet rays and substances that are formed during the decomposition of organic matter.

(18 estimates, average: 4,36 out of 5)

Country or private plot overlooking a river, lake or pond, of course, has its own charm - beautiful view, proximity to water ... But there are also disadvantages to this - eroded and settled banks can lead to shallowing and overgrowing of the reservoir itself and the areas around it. And this in the future can even provoke the collapse of buildings that are located next to the coast.

Yes, and it is not safe to be on such a shore - at any moment the ground can "float"- and then you will literally float. To avoid such a situation, you need to think in a timely manner how to strengthen the banks of the pond in the country and another reservoir, to which your site goes.

So that the soil around a natural or artificial reservoir is stable and not exposed to negative impact water erosion, erosion, landslides and floods, it is necessary to strengthen the coastline. This can be done by a specialized company, but in some cases it is possible to strengthen the banks of the pond with your own hands.

Why are the shores crumbling

The coast can be destroyed under the influence of:

The main ways to strengthen

The coastal slope is strengthened different ways and with the help different materials... They all differ as quality characteristics, and durability, and cost. The most commonly used are the following three types of bank protection: reinforcement with gabion structures;

• strengthening with wooden piles (in particular, bank protection with larch, since its wood is practically not subject to decay and soaking);
• strengthening with shunts.

There are also a number of methods for strengthening coastal slopes. To choose optimal system, it is necessary to decide how the coast can be destroyed, what process can provoke destruction, how to secure the reservoir, what method of strengthening is suitable for the landscape, not forgetting also about the aesthetic component.

The use of gabion structures

Strengthening the banks with gabions- the most interesting but expensive way. Gabions are volumetric structures, in fact, containers made of metal or plastic mesh... They have a number of advantages:

Gabions are easy to mount yourself. First calculated required amount structures and the method of their installation is determined depending on the characteristics of the coastal slopes. Then gabions are mounted on desired site and filled with natural stone. Finally, decorative trim structures, which, in addition to the aesthetic role, also plays a protective and strengthening role. To do this, the containers are filled with soil and plant seeds are sown into it, which prevent soil erosion. Within five years of operation, such a system reaches its maximum strength, while becoming a natural part of the landscape.

Strengthening with piles

Another common way to strengthen the banks of a pond, lake and river is wooden piles... Special skills for installing piles are not required, the cost depends solely on the type of wood that will be used in the structure. Such bank protection is environmentally friendly and attractive in appearance, but has a short service life, since wood is still not as durable as metal or plastic, moreover, without adherence to technology, the structure may be ineffective. It is recommended to use larch or oak piles, the wood of which will last longer in water.

A similar way - coastal strengthening with larch... If an artificial pond is planned in the country, then installation is carried out before it is filled with water. It is more difficult if you want to strengthen a natural shore. In this case, the piles must be driven in or buried directly in the water, installing so that the structure does not allow water to pass through, otherwise the banks will continue to erode, and the installed piles will simply float away. Therefore, unlike capital bank protection with gabions or sheet piles, this method is more related to decorative.

Tongue-and-groove reinforcement

Another popular capital method – use of PVC sheet piling, as well as Larsen sheet piles, metal, composite. The main advantage of this method is that even a steep, sheer bank can be strengthened. The advantages can also be attributed to the speed of construction. The sheet piles are connected into a protective wall and installed using special equipment, after which they are fixed with longitudinal ribs. Thanks to this, the system becomes reliable and can be operated for a very long time, perfectly protecting the underwater part of the coast and preventing soil washout.

This method of strengthening the banks could be considered ideal, if not for its appearance, which does not harmonize with the natural natural environment... However, in industrial and urban areas, bank protection with PVC sheet piles and others is the best option.

Other ways to strengthen

For bank protection with a slope of no more than 20 degrees, you can use natural stone different shapes and size:

• pebbles,
• boulders,

The landscape decorated with natural stone looks very attractive and aesthetically pleasing. Particularly effective is the rubble stone, which has many colors - pink, red, gray, etc. Before laying the stone, it is necessary to install a base of geotextile, geogrid or geogrid. The geogrid is also used when a comfortable and non-slip descent to the water is required. Since, in fact, all these materials are mesh. Their plus is that they are hidden by the coastline, in plain sight only the natural shore, which can be left in this form, covered with natural stone or planted with plants.

More a complex system – stone castle from densely packed large boulders... This is a time consuming method, but it justifies the cost, as the result is a very beautiful structure, and the coastline is strengthened as much as possible. If you have the time and funds, since all the work is done manually, then, when deciding how to strengthen the banks of the pond, it is worth stopping at this option. River and sea pebbles also look very decorative and marble chips filling the cells of the geogrid.

Most of these methods require certain skills, so it is recommended to involve specialists in the work or at least some of them. However, there are methods that are completely cheap and simple: strengthening the river bank with your own hands, with improvised means.

For this, for example, used tires are used. They are laid on the bottom side by side, tied up, filled with sand and a pile or stake is driven into the middle of each tire for the stability of the structure. Next, the second row is laid - already towards the coast. The disadvantages of such a strengthening are significantly more than advantages. The advantages include the simplicity of shore protection works, for which only a shovel and a sledgehammer are needed, and to the cons:

There is no need to talk about the attractive form of such a system either.

Many site owners also use slate and even actually rubbish- old boards, rusty iron and others, but these methods are not worth attention, except as a short-term measure: they are short-lived, ineffective and, of course, far from aesthetic. If you are thinking about how to strengthen the bank of a river or another body of water near your dacha for a cheaper price, then it is better to find another option, and not turn the coastline into a trash heap.

Biofortification

Another method of bank protection is the use of plants. This is a fairly reliable, environmentally friendly method, which gives a special decorative effect to the reservoir and the site, but at the same time it is time consuming and lengthy. The best trees and shrubs for these purposes are considered:

Reeds and sedge are excellent help from shallowing and clogging of the pond. In addition, they give the effect of strengthening the banks, as well as marsh iris, tamarisk, loosestrife, calamus, and reed. It is better to entrust the selection of plants for the shore of the reservoir and work on their planting to specialists.

Strengthening the banks with plants best used in conjunction with other methods. However, all specified methods bank protection can be combined to achieve maximum results.

It is worth noting that measures to strengthen the banks should be started before the coast begins to erode. This will allow in the future to prevent serious problems that can lead to dangerous consequences for the site and buildings on it. Timely installed coastal fortifications will maximally protect your site from disasters and at the same time add attractiveness to the landscape.

You can absolutely right, plant beautiful aquatic plants, it is great to arrange the coastal zone, but spoil everything with the sloppy decoration of the border of the pond with the garden. A professional approach to this issue will not only solve the problems of garden pond decor, but also eliminate the likelihood of bank erosion.

On the Internet, there is a huge amount of information about the installation of a reservoir, the choice of materials for waterproofing and edging, the selection of plants, and the technology itself for decorating the border of the water and the coast is not well covered.

Materials for the design of the reservoir

Pond decor materials should be harmoniously tied to the size of the garden and the style of the house. Most often, natural and artificial stone, crushed rocks, pieces of marble, pebbles of various colors, ceramic and paving slabs, wood, gravel, sand are used. For reservoirs with concrete base marble chips are used, colored glass, fragments of porcelain and ceramics, which are fixed on the concrete that has not yet hardened, the fragments are pressed inward with sharp edges.

All decorative elements of the shoreline of the reservoir must be properly fixed in their positions. Stones, ceramic and paving slabs, the brick is fixed with cement mortar, while leaving pockets for planting plants.

Edging of a film reservoir

For a natural transition from pond to garden, you can use a special decorative film, which is covered with a layer of gravel, so it perfectly imitates rocky relief. Since the film with a stone itself does not hold water, it is laid on top of the waterproofing, and the bottom of the pond is carefully lined in such a way that its rocky edges come ashore. It is advisable to fix the edges and seams with film glue. Then, large stones are placed in random order on the surface of the film along the edge of the pond, simulating a natural landscape. This film is the most good option for decorating a reservoir with your own hands, without resorting to the help of professionals.

Coconut mats for pond edging

If the pond has sheer walls, then when the water evaporates, film edges can be observed. In this case, wicker dark brown coconut mats are used for edging, which visually imitate the soil, do not interfere with growth and development. coastal plants, the latter, growing densely on a solid foundation, decorate and strengthen the banks well.

The technology for laying coconut mats is pretty simple. The mats are laid without stretching, starting from the coastal part, they are placed along the border of the future reservoir with the coast, lowering the lower part of the skein by about 50 cm into the pit, and carefully fixing the upper part on the coast using U-shaped brackets from the reinforcement. To fix the mat on PVC, a special assembly glue is used. At the junction of coconut canvases, the overlap should be at least 20 cm. When installing, take into account the direction of the overlap - from the side of the view, the edges of the web should not be visible. From the shore, the net structure of the coconut mat is covered with a plant substrate, and the part of the mat that will be in the water - sandy soil with an admixture of fine gravel.

Coconut Mats Laying Option

Another option

In this case, you can get by with a minimum amount or completely exclude it from the design of the reservoir. This method of decorating the coastal area of ​​the reservoir simulates the most natural landscape and is well suited for the landscape style.

Benefits of coconut mats for strengthening the banks of the reservoir

1. Environmentally friendly natural material.

2. Does not require large investments.

3. Easy to install.

4. Protects the banks from erosion.

5. Provides long life due to slow decomposition of coconut fiber.

6. Promote vegetation growth and soil strengthening.

7. Improves the outflow of water.

8. Resistant to U / F radiation.

9. Resistant to decomposition of organic substances.

10. Closes the waterproofing of the reservoir when water evaporates.

11. Serves as the basis for the root system of aquatic and coastal plants.

If coconut mats are not used to secure the banks of the reservoir, and only planned around it, then the edges of the film waterproofing can be hidden under the lawn to a depth of 8-10 cm.But this method will not help to mask unsightly film edges when water evaporates and will not save from waterlogging and erosion the coastal part with its excess. Therefore, after the usual torrential rain, a flooded meadow will suddenly appear in the clearing around the garden pond. In the summer it is half the trouble, but in the fall? Therefore, it is not worth saving on strengthening the banks, it is just enough to put a coconut mat under the lawn. For growth lawn grass there will be no obstacles, waterproofing will be closed, and the coastline will be protected from erosion.

There are no special secrets in the technology of crossing the boundaries of a concrete or stone edging with a lawn. Both stone and concrete can directly adjoin water, earth and vegetation.

How to decorate the edges of a pond with stone

The size of the stone framing the edge of the pond should be proportional to the size of the pond itself, large stones are harmoniously combined with a large reservoir, small stones with small ones. The shape and structure of the stones should also be similar. It is not advisable to use several different types stones.

Making a pond from a concrete base or a polymer form with the help of a stone, it is necessary to prepare a substrate from the side of the shore - where the stones touch the ground, first lay black lutrasil, cover it with sand, then gravel. Large boulders are laid along the perimeter of the reservoir in such a way that part of the stone hangs slightly above the water, in which case all the costs of the edges of the pond are easily covered.

Small stones, which cover the bottom of the reservoir, should smoothly transition to the shore into larger ones. Moreover, when laying out stones along the perimeter of the coastal zone, you need to make sure that a solid line does not form. In this case, it is better to make the edging of the reservoir intermittent, alternating stones and plants in an arbitrary order, avoiding symmetry. Large stones are placed flat, slightly tilted to the side towards the shore.

Before permanently fixing the stones in cement, they should be laid out in their intended places, then you need to consider the composition from all sides and correct errors. Only then can the stones be placed on cement mortar, deepening into the solution by 1/3 of their height. Don't forget to leave your pockets for planting.

How to design the edges of a pond with regular geometric shapes

Edging strict geometric shapes garden ponds can be made using wooden boards, ceramic tiles, stone slabs, natural or artificial stone... When choosing a material for decorating the coastal zone, it is necessary to take into account that after rain wooden planks and glossy ceramic tile become slippery.

Natalia Vysotskaya, dendrologist, landscape designer, Ph.D. -NS. sciences

2012 - 2017,. All rights reserved.

If you plan to create a compact reservoir in a suburban area or the site has access to a river or a natural pond, then sooner or later you will be faced with the task of preserving the banks, which is explained by the tendency for them to crumble. This process is natural and contributes to the loss of the shape of the reservoir and its siltation. In the end, a picturesque corner can turn into a swamp.

Solution

In order to tame the water element, it is necessary to ensure that the banks are fortified. If you neglect these rules, then this will provoke soil subsidence and its partial collapse. These processes can become dangerous for humans and their homes, as well as plants and some elements of the landscape. For this reason, experts recommend timely implementation of preventive measures aimed at strengthening the coastline.

Materials used

Strengthening of the banks can be carried out different methods and materials. If the pond has, then for work you can use:

• geogrid;
• coconut mats;
• Reno mattresses.

The first version of the material is one of the most effective. A geogrid is a three-dimensional structure made of polymer tapes, which are fastened into cells and arranged in a checkerboard pattern. In the process of work, the lattice is stretched along the slope and fixed with anchors. The cells should be filled with rubble or soil, and then sown with plants, their roots will provide additional reinforcement.

Coconut mats are also often used to strengthen the banks. This technology is applicable to the banks of the pond, the bottom of which is made of film. The material has a characteristic dark color and is able to hide the film base when the water level drops. Among other things, the polymer structure is favorable for the germination of moisture-loving flora, which acts as a strengthening of the soil and decorative design... The technology for laying the mats is quite simple.

Alternative solutions

Strengthening the banks can be carried out with the help of special mattresses, they are made of metal mesh, which is twisted in 2 times and covered with zinc or polymer. In order for the structure to be sufficiently rigid, it is divided into sections by internal diaphragms. The sections are filled with natural stones to achieve durability monolithic construction... Over time, the characteristics of the type of permeability and strength only increase, which is explained by the germination of vegetation through the cells.

The structure of the mattresses is lattice, air and water pass through it, which makes the structure resistant to decay. Thanks to this, the service life exceeds 25 years. Coastal consolidation using this technology is usually carried out on impressive areas. The material is able to protect the coast from erosive processes and acts as the basis for retaining walls. Mattresses are flexible so that they can be shaped to the desired shape during installation.

Materials for strengthening steep slopes

If the shore of the pond on the territory of your site is characterized by a steep slope, then the following materials can be used for strengthening:

• retaining walls;
• wooden piles;
• gabions.

The reservoir on the site will be reliably reinforced in the coastal area if retaining walls are used. Their construction is usually carried out from:

• ready-made blocks;
• stone;
• wood;
• bricks.

This option can completely change the perception of the pond and significantly expand its space. The walls are durable, they resist soil subsidence and erosion. These technologies are relevant if there is a need for vertical planning of the coastline zone. Quite often, the installation of retaining walls is carried out on the bases, which are piles or Renault lattice structures. When the ground is excessively mobile and loose, the height should not be less than one meter.

The reservoir on the site, as mentioned above, can be strengthened in the coastal area with wooden piles. In practice, they are used, despite the fact that reinforced concrete products have the greatest strength. For the manufacture of wooden piles, the most durable types of wood, such as larch and oak, are used. The service life of such structures reaches 50 years.

If a steep bank is decorated with such trunks, then it will look very effective. When using reinforced concrete piles, you can achieve high strength of the fence, but such a system will look dull and gray. Before you can strengthen the shore, you need to choose a technology. The method of use is one of them.These are massive blocks that are filled stone materials like cobblestones or pebbles. Gabions have a mesh structure, so they are resistant to impact groundwater and soil mobility. The service life of gabions can reach 80 years, and their strength only increases over the years.

Strengthening river banks with plants

The riverbank can also be strengthened using plants for this. They must have a sufficiently strong and branched root system that is resistant to flooding. This method is acceptable only in cases where the speed of the river flow is not more than 1 m per second, while the waves do not exceed 0.3 m.The river bank can be strengthened with plants with herbaceous species of flora and shrubs, among them:

• amorph;
• swamp iris;
• manna;
• sea ​​buckthorn;

Aquatic vegetation is planted in the underwater area, in this case, water iris can be used. As soon as the disembarkation has been carried out, a sodding should be carried out.

Bank strengthening technology using geogrids

To carry out the work, it is necessary to prepare the following tools and materials:

• non-woven geotextile;
• crushed stone;
• shovel;
• pneumatic stapler;
• geogrid;
• frost-resistant concrete;
• scraper;
• anchors.

The geogrid for strengthening is one of the most effective. Work should begin with surface preparation. First, you need to remove the surface soil, and then level the base and cover with non-woven geotextile, which will serve as a drainage layer. A geogrid is laid on the surface, which is stretched and fixed with staggered anchors.

The geogrid should take the shape of a rectangle. The modules are fastened together with a pneumatic stapler and anchors. The cells should be filled with soil material such as frost-resistant concrete, crushed stone or soil. If you want to make the design non-standard or please your eyes, then you should fill the cells with multi-colored materials.

Strengthening technology with coconut mats

You can strengthen the banks of the pond with mats. Stacked material from the coastline. There is no need to tighten it. The lower part is placed down 0.5 m. Top part fixed on land with reinforcement. The mat must be fixed to the foil with a water-repellent assembly adhesive. In order to fasten the joints of the surface, use the overlap technology of 20 cm. The overlap should be on the side that is inaccessible for viewing.

The upper mat is covered with a vegetative substrate, and the one that is submerged in water should be covered with fine gravel or sand. Strengthening the coastline should be accompanied by the laying of artificial or natural stone... If this is not possible, then vegetation should be used. Flora will fulfill the role decorative element bordering the shore.

Using biological methods

Biological methods provide a delayed result, but are among the most durable and reliable. Overgrowing and silting of the pond can be prevented by planting Siberian larch. Its trunks, being in water for a long time, do not show a tendency to decay, they are resistant to frost. There is no point in mentioning their strength and durability. The trunks are environmentally friendly, their presence in the water does not disturb the ecosystem of the reservoir. If you carry out bank protection in this way, then additional care for the larch is not required.

Conclusion

Many landowners, setting up a pond on suburban area are wondering when it is necessary to carry out bank protection works. Experts believe that these manipulations should be carried out at the stage of setting up the pit. If you own a natural reservoir, then preventive measures for strengthening should be carried out in a short time, when there is a threat of destruction of the banks. If measures are taken in a timely manner, this will prevent destruction and save money on repairs.