Problems with hot water supply are found in almost every home. Therefore, you often want to have your own water heater in the bathroom so as not to experience unpleasant surprises. But with the help of what and how to heat the water in the bathroom - this is a question that requires careful and detailed discussion.

Types, types of water heaters, design functionality, installation and placement in the bathroom - these are the questions that need to be decided before purchasing water heaters for the bathroom. But everything is in order.

Which water heater to choose?

This is the most important question that interests all users. Two types of devices are considered the most popular: flow and storage. Due to its technical features, such a boiler in the bathroom will provide a sufficient amount of boiling water. But some features should be taken into account:

1. flow heaters for water in the bathroom, they are better suited in the summer, since it is not always possible to get a powerful pressure of boiling water. But you will be provided with enough warm water to wash the dishes, wash your face or do some housework;
2. storage heater for water in the bathroom is a device that will give you a complete level of comfort. Possessing all the advantages, the boiler has a feature: long heating of water.

Now about how to choose a bath boiler:

1. A flowing water heater for a bathroom is better to look at the following characteristics:
   • power must be sufficient to heat water flows;
   • convenient installation of a boiler in the bathroom;
   • dimensions, form of construction;
   • availability of a certificate of conformity and a warranty card;
   • aesthetics of the design - after all, the water heater in the bathroom is often not covered by anything.
2. storage water heater must also meet the requirements:
   • required power for good heating;
   • the period required for sufficient heating;
   • maintenance costs;
   • storage capacity;
   • water heating;
   • maintaining the set temperature.

All these parameters are identical, but the devices have a difference: if instantaneous water heaters in the bathroom operate on the principle of constant heating of the flow used, then the storage water heater starts to work when the tank (water storage tank) is filled. The presence of an automatic shut-off / turn-on system on the devices will allow you not to monitor the temperature, in addition, there must be protection in the form of a check valve.

Advice! An electric instantaneous water heater for a bathroom is very good for use in the so-called "summer kitchens" and in summer cottages. Low purchase costs, simple installation of a water heater in a bathroom or kitchen, low energy consumption - all these qualities have made the device widely popular with users.

Which water heaters to choose in the bathroom is up to you. But if you often experience interruptions in hot water or no water supply at all, then an electric bathroom water heater is not the best solution. Pay attention to geysers, they are much cheaper to operate.

Choosing a water heater by type, installation

To know how to choose a water heater for a bathroom, you need to distinguish them by appearance. In order not to think about where to place the water heater in the bathroom, pay tribute only to appliances that are designed to be installed in the bathroom or kitchen.

A gas water heater or boiler can only be installed with the permission of government agencies. You should not think about how to install titanium in the bathroom - this should be done by the appropriate organizations. On sale there are flow-through and storage geysers that differ in power, tank volume and functional additions in the form of displays, control knobs and other accessories. Such a boiler cannot be installed independently and it is important to place it near a gas source. It turns out that gas water heaters for the bathroom will be installed in the kitchen, or through a system of pipes leading to the bathroom, in the bathroom.

Important! Installation of a gas type water heater of any kind is carried out only in houses where it is allowed by the standards and only by specialists! You cannot do this work on your own.

An electric water heater is a very convenient device that you can mount yourself. You can not only decide how to install the water heater: in the bathroom, kitchen, but you can also adjust the installation distance using pipes. Only one minus: the maintenance of the device will be more expensive than the geyser. The electric water heater is powered by the mains and if you choose the power sufficient to serve the family, then the energy consumption will be high.

Electric heater installation

Installation of an electric water heater can be done by a home master. If you have already met with the installation of equipment, then there are no problems for you. And if you haven’t had to do such work yet, you should watch a video that shows how to install a water heater in the bathroom and pay attention to the following tips:

1. Prepare a tool: tape measure, puncher, wrenches, screwdrivers, wire cutters;
2. Prepare materials: tow, fum tape, shut-off valves (3 for storage type and 2 for flow), tees by type of device and hoses (you may need a pipe made of metal-plastic;
3. When replacing wiring, you need: a three-wire wire, an automatic machine or a socket;
4. Understand how to connect the water heater: permanently or temporarily;
5. Temporary connection is carried out using a conventional shower hose and everything is simple:
   • insert a tee into a pipe with cold water,
   • install a stopcock;
   • connect to the heater input.
6. Installing a flowing water heater in a stationary way implies that the water supply will be carried out in parallel with the general system. Therefore, you need to do the following:
   • insert two tees into a cold and hot pipe;
   • install valves and seal connections;
   • connect the cold water pipe to the inlet to the heating device (the supply is indicated in blue);
   • connect the outlet of heated water to a shut-off valve installed on hot water (this is done using a hose or pipe made of metal-plastic);
   • check open taps and mixer for leaks;
   • connect the heater device to the socket and hot water should come out.

Advice! Connection in a stationary way requires a temporary shutdown of hot water.

Storage type electric water heaters are good because there are no special wiring requirements, and the price is much less. It is worth considering step by step how to install a boiler in the bathroom:

1. Select a location for the boiler. By the way, this type of water heater under the bath is the way out if the room has a very small area. When mounting the device in any free place, one rule must be observed - accessibility;
2. Measure the gap between the holes in the anchors with a tape measure;
3. Drill holes for the required number of dowels;
4. Insert the hooks and put the device in place.

Advice! It is necessary to leave a small distance from the top dowel to the ceiling (edges of niches, bathtubs). If this is not done, you will not be able to install the device on the hooks.

1. Connect the boiler to the water supply system. If the places are already marked and brought out, nothing more than flexible hoses will be required. If there are no conclusions yet, they need to be done:
   • embed tees in water supply pipes;
   • then do everything according to the principle of how instantaneous water heaters for the bathroom are installed;
2. After completing the work on connecting cold water, you need to connect the hot water tap to the outlet to the water heater (indicated in red);
3. Open both water supply taps and wait a bit for air to escape, at the same time inspect the device and connections for leaks;
4. No leaks, no air - connect the device to a power source.

Now you have a bathroom with a water heater and there will be no more problems with turning off hot water. If something remains unclear, you can always look at the photos below. In addition, it is useful to look at the installation manual of the device that comes with the product.

1. In order not to think during the installation process how to hide the boiler in the bathroom, you should take care in advance and determine the place;
2. Providing free access to the device, you can easily remove the structure from a prominent place. Here are a few examples of how to hide a water heater in a bathroom: an open/closed case, a drywall niche, a niche under/above the bathtub, mezzanines, shelving shelves or columns;
3. The wall for fixing the device must withstand a lot of weight;
4. The wiring must withstand overloads, if the wiring in the house is old, it will have to be replaced;
5. The condition of pipes and risers is no less important: any riser must be available for tapping.

Now you know not only how to choose, buy and install, but also how to close the water heater in the bathroom. The purchase of the device will save you from many problems, especially in the summer, when scheduled repairs of the water supply system take place. A convenient compact device allows you to get a sufficient amount of boiling water and eliminates the thought of how to heat the water in the bathroom. Some of the financial costs of maintenance are fully redeemed by convenience: calculate how much money you spend on heating pots to take a shower and combine this with the purchase of a heater. But it will serve for a very long time, especially if properly installed and used wisely.

Electric water heaters are devices that allow you to solve the problem with an unstable supply of hot water or completely ensure its supply.

According to the principle of operation, the devices are divided into gas, flow and storage. The last 2 types are popular.

Making a choice is not easy, so you should familiarize yourself with the features of instantaneous electric water heaters.

The principle of operation of electric flow heaters

The device raises the temperature of the liquid passing through it using a heating element - a tubular electric heater (TEH) or an open spiral.

The first type is more common, because the part is easier to replace in case of failure. An open spiral is used in compact devices.

The heater is switched on when water is supplied through the inlet. When the flow stops, the instrument shuts down.

The presence of liquid supply is monitored by a sensor that sends an appropriate signal to the heating element or coil.

The required temperature of the element is reached in a few seconds, after which the device simply maintains it. Hot water from the tank is supplied to the user through the outlet.

Benefits of using tankless shower water heaters

Among the advantages of instantaneous electric water heaters for the shower are the following:

1. Work speed. You do not have to wait long to get hot water: heating takes a few seconds after the first switch on, then the temperature is maintained constantly.
2. Profitability. The device uses only as much fluid as needed. In storage devices, water is supplied to the tank, so the volume may be too large or insufficient. However, with regular use, the flow device will consume a lot of electricity.
3. Compactness. The nozzle on the tap for heating water takes up little space. It can be installed even in a relatively small bathroom or cabin.

What are the disadvantages

Before purchasing the device, you should consider a few nuances:

high power	Most models require a separate power line to operate. Theoretically, you can connect the device to the cable of the electric stove, but you have to use them separately, otherwise there will be an overload.
Danger	If it is necessary to provide the whole house with water, you will have to install several devices, or one, but powerful (more than 25 kW). Potentially, this level poses a threat to life, since the chance of failures is higher.
Fast cooling	In a flow device, the liquid will be hot as long as there is electricity. In the storage device, the water in the tank remains warm for an hour after being turned off. The problem can be eliminated by the construction of additional structures, but in most cases this is not practical.
Lack of protection against scale	If the water is hard, the flow model will fail sooner or later. Despite constant circulation, salts will gradually be deposited. Even the filter will not correct the situation, although it will extend the service life.

Selecting the type of instantaneous water heater

When choosing an instantaneous water heater for a bathroom, kitchen or country house, 4 main factors are taken into account: the type of control, the presence of additional functions, performance and power.

In budget models there are only basic options. In advanced, you can find the following functions:

1. Temperature limiter. A sensor that prevents heating can prolong the life of the device and protect the user from burns.
2. Child lock. The function will prevent a child from using the device, but it can be replaced by a temperature limit.
3. High precision temperature sensor. A useful feature that allows you to set the heat to a precise level. Its presence is especially important with unstable water pressure.
4. Economy mode. When used for a long time, the heater automatically reduces the water temperature.
5. Remote Control. Allows you to switch modes remotely.

An important criterion is the type of management. The difference is not only in price: hydraulic devices have several limitations.

1. Devices with mechanical control always start at maximum power, even if the user has set the mode in advance. This may cause burns.
2. Another disadvantage is the fixed temperature delta. Most often it is 25°C. If ice water (+5°C) is supplied in winter, then you will get cool water (+30°C) at the outlet. This is enough for washing hands, but not for showering.

The cost of electronically controlled devices is due to the presence of additional sensors, a microchip and heating elements with multi-stage power adjustment.

They not only add a lot of options, but also provide flexible functionality.

When choosing a pressure device, aesthetes should pay attention to the appearance of the case.

Selection by water consumption, productivity

When calculating performance, you should consider your own goals and needs.

If the heater will stand in the kitchen and provide you with water for washing dishes, 2-4 l / min will suffice.

For a bath, you will need a more powerful device - 8-10 l / min.

The water heater for the shower cabin should have a capacity of 4-8 l / min.

If the device will serve several rooms at the same time, you should select the flow rate for the largest water consumption point and multiply it by 1.5.

By power

The pressure (indirectly) and heating depend on the power of the device. It is more difficult to calculate the parameter, since the temperature of the supplied water can change.

In addition, +40°C is considered a comfortable level for a shower, and +55°C for a kitchen sink. This is important for disinfection and removal of grease.

With a power of 3.5 kW in summer, you can take a shower, but the jet will be thin.

In winter, such a running water heater will not do the job, since the temperature of the supplied liquid at the inlet will be much lower. The difference reaches 20°C.

5-7 kW is still not enough for comfort, but the water heater will be able to insure in most emergency cases.

In cold areas, the device will not be able to handle the heat in winter.

For solving any problems, flow-type electric water heaters with a power of more than 12 kW are suitable.

However, if it is necessary to service several points at the same time, it is better to give preference to more efficient models - from 20 kW.

Typical mistakes when choosing

1. Purchasing an instantaneous water heater without temperature control and sensors. In case of drops, a budget device can burn the user.
2. Buying a device without first consulting an electrician. For installation, a separate line is required. The main factor to consider is the power allocated to the house. In old buildings with 16 A plugs, it is impossible to install devices whose power exceeds 3.5 kW. In new buildings with traffic jams at 32-40 A, another limitation is 6 kW.
3. Lack of consideration of working pressure. With a low pressure, the sensors of some models will not respond to the water supply. Most devices work at a pressure of 0.5 bar, but this detail should be clarified.

Separation according to the principle of operation

Its functionality depends on the type of device. For example, a portable water heater with a shower head can be taken with you on the road, but such devices have low power and are not able to provide comfortable pressure.

Non-pressure flow water heaters

Non-pressure devices are equipped with a separate shower head and are connected to only one point.

This option can be convenient for giving or in the event of an accident.

Non-pressure electric direct-flow water heaters work only with those nozzles that are included in the package.

This is important to consider, because after installation you will have 2 watering cans: from the mixer and from the device.

Electric pressure water heater

Pressure devices are more convenient and versatile.

Flowing water heaters for the shower can be connected both to one point and to the riser.

This allows you to use hot water throughout the house.

The cost of such devices is higher, so it is advisable to purchase them for frequent or regular use.

For maximum comfort, you should choose an instantaneous water heater with electronic control.

Hydraulic models are less versatile, so they are not suitable for everyone.

It is advisable to install a separate filter in advance, because the built-in ones do not fully cope with the task.

The cost of pressure devices is quite high (from 10,000), so it is recommended to take care of their durability in advance.

Rating of the best instantaneous heaters for the home

Power - 6.5 kW, productivity - 3.7 l / min. The device has a hydraulic type of control, is connected to the mixer and serves only 1 point.

However, its characteristics are sufficient for replacement during the period of seasonal summer prevention.

For regular or winter use, it is better to consider another device.

The package includes a water heater with shower and faucet.

There is a sensor for automatic shutdown and a thermostat that protects against overheating. The price of the device is from 2500 to 4500 rubles.

An inexpensive non-pressure device that can insure in case of an accident.

Heater power - 6.5 kW, productivity - 4.5 l / min.

The device is as compact as possible: the weight of the entire structure is only 1.19 kg.

The device has a built-in filter and protection against overheating.

The temperature delta is +35°C, which will allow you to get hot water even in autumn.

However, in winter, most often the heater is useless: for correct operation, the temperature of the liquid at the inlet must be +16°C. The price of the device is from 2600 to 4200 rubles.

Atmor Lotus 3.5 (Crane)

Great option for the kitchen. The productivity is only 2 l / min, but this is enough for washing dishes.

The total power is 3.5 kW. The device is equipped with a wire with a plug, so it can be used both at home and in the country.

The inlet water temperature must be +14°C.

The manufacturer claims that the device is capable of heating liquids up to +50°C, but in reality the figures reach only +40°C, sometimes Hyundai H-IWR1-5P-UI061/CS+30°C.

For this reason, the alternative shower assembly is not popular. The cost is from 2000 to 2700 rubles.

Non-pressure water heater equipped with several nozzles: shower and Electrolux NPX 6 Aquatronic Digital faucet.

Productivity is 3.6 l / min, power - 5.5 kW.

The device will allow you to wash off the foam if the water was turned off at the wrong time, but this is not enough for a comfortable shower.

There are pressure and overheat sensors.

A mesh filter is installed at the inlet. The price of the device is from 2100 to 2800 rubles.

A pressurized water heater with the following characteristics: a power of only 5.7 kW, and a capacity of 2.8 l / min.

This is less than some non-pressure models.

However, the device allows you to use hot water at several points.

Another advantage is the electronic type of control.

The heating element is made of steel and vibrates during operation, therefore reducing the chance of deposits. The price of the device is from 7600 to 8800 rubles.

Pressure flow heater of a proven company.

There are built-in pressure and overheat sensors, a spare thermal relay.

This makes the model safe and reliable. However, the heater cannot provide mass heating: the power is 7.5 kW, the productivity is 5 l/min.

The device will satisfy most needs, but it will not work to fully provide several rooms with hot water.

Another disadvantage is the hydraulic control. Price - from 15,000 to 18,000 rubles.

Elite flow heater. Productivity — 5 l/min, power — 8 kW.

To operate the device, a small inlet pressure is sufficient - only 0.5 bar.

The model is equipped with a touch panel and an LCD display. Maximum heating temperature +55°C, minimum +20°C.

It will not work to use several bathtubs and a sink in the kitchen in parallel, but the device is suitable for simultaneous washing of dishes and a shower. The price of the device is 21600 rubles.

The optimal combination of price and quality makes this instantaneous water heater popular.

Productivity reaches 4.2 l / min, and power - 8.8 kW.

Available temperature range +30…+60°C.

The selection interval is only 1°C.

There is a built-in protection against scale, a diagnostic system and the ability to set individual temperature conditions.

The main disadvantage is the large size. The price of the device is from 14100 to 16000 rubles.

Instantaneous electric water heaters are convenient devices that allow you to save hot water in the event of an accident, maintenance or lack of a system.

The device should be chosen carefully, since its capabilities depend on the type and characteristics.

Every person strives for independence, whether it be independence from other people or from circumstances.

In order not to look back at climatic conditions or not rely on utilities, more and more people began to install a water heater in the bathroom.

But which of the two types to choose?

A flowing water heater is convenient in that it makes it possible to obtain an unlimited amount of warm or hot water and at the same time it does not require special care.

Its disadvantage is the additional wiring from the electrical panel and the provision of heated water to only one point in the house.

But ease of installation, low price and energy efficiency have made it very popular for owners of country houses and small kitchens.

But such a boiler is not suitable for you if there are interruptions in the water supply in the apartment.

But the storage water heater will give you hot water in several places at once (bath, kitchen, washstand).

But the amount of heated water will be limited and it is heated for a certain time. In addition, such a unit requires mandatory care: descaling, washing the tank or replacing the anode as it wears out (1-2 years).

The flow heater constantly heats the water flow, and the storage heater heats when the tank is filled. In both types, it is desirable to have an automation system for switching on and off, so as not to monitor the temperature yourself. A non-return valve is required for protection.

When choosing, use the following indicators for flowing:

• sufficient heating power of the water pressure;
• size and shape;
• ease of installation;
• obligatory certificate and guarantee coupon;
• aesthetics when reviewing a room.

For storage:

• good power for the desired heating;
• heating time;
• tank volume for a family;
• the possibility of heating water;
• maintenance of water temperature;
• material costs for maintenance.

Heater type

The boiler can be electric or gas.

To install a gas boiler from any manufacturer, you must have a permit from the gas service, and only a specialist from this company should perform the installation. It is desirable to place such a unit closer to the gas source.

But it is quite possible to install an electric heater yourself, you decide where to place it - in the kitchen or in the bathroom.

If you have a large family, then the device needs good power, which means that electricity consumption will be increased. This must also be taken into account.

Heater installation

First, turn off the water in the pipes!

Consider in advance the installation location of the device and outline it.

You may want to hide the heater out of sight. It can be a cabinet, a niche above the bathroom, a mezzanine.

The wall for fasteners must be necessarily strong, solid, withstanding a lot of weight.

Pay attention to the wiring so that there is no overload on it.

Pipes and risers must also be in good condition. If necessary, they should be freely accessible.

Mounting sequence

You will need the following tools: wrenches, screwdriver, wire cutters, tape measure, puncher.

From materials - tow, fum, hoses or metal-plastic pipe, tees, three stopcocks for the storage heater and two for the flow heater.

If you need to change the wiring, you will need a three-wire wire, socket or machine.

For temporary installation, you will need a shower hose. The tee must be inserted into the "cold" pipe, put a stopcock and connected to the heater.

For a stationary installation, you need to embed one tee into the “cold” pipe, the second into the “hot” pipe, put hermetically taps.

Connect the boiler inlet to the “cold” pipe, the outlet to the hot water shut-off valve.

This is done using a pipe made of metal plastic or a hose. Check all taps for leaks. Plug in the water heater. And use it to your health!

Buying a water heater will please you during its operation. This will be especially reflected in the summer, when you want to swim more often.

Financial costs will be forgotten after you experience the full range of convenience and comfort during long-term use of this compact household appliance.

Photo for choosing a water heater for the bathroom

The growing popularity of water heaters is due to the desire of people to take a shower in comfortable conditions all year round. The modern market for heating equipment offers a wide range of models. You can choose the most suitable option from them if you have all the necessary information in full.

So, all water heaters are divided into two groups:

• gas,
• electrical.

Gas models are not suitable for all premises and their installation requires additional permission and financial resources. This fact makes the most popular and purchased electric models, the installation of which does not have such strict restrictions.

Electric water heaters

According to the principle of operation, the equipment is divided into:

• flowing,
• storage (boilers).

The choice of device should be made depending on the needs of users for hot water. For example, for such needs as washing hands, a flow model will be quite enough, but for taking a shower, a boiler would be the best option.

A flowing water heater in the bathroom is a small tank with a heating element inside: running water enters the tank, washes the heating element and, acquiring the desired temperature, is supplied outside. The lower the water flow rate, the higher the outlet water temperature. The advantages of this equipment include:

• the possibility of supplying warm water in unlimited quantities;
• no need for regular maintenance;
• affordable price;
• compact dimensions;
• ease of installation;
• higher efficiency in comparison with boilers.

The disadvantages include increased energy consumption and the ability to provide one point of water intake. In some cases, it may be necessary to lay additional electrical wiring and power the heater through the machine.

Accumulative models can have a volume of 10-150 liters and a power of 3 kW or more. Inside the equipment is a heating element (heating element). The undeniable advantage of a storage water heater in the bathroom is economical energy consumption, combined with the ability to connect the device to any outlet. When installing this unit, you get the opportunity to use 3 points of water intake at the same time. The disadvantages of boilers include the gradual heating of water. However, heating the liquid to the desired temperature, the boiler maintains it for a long time. From time to time, such a water heater needs maintenance, which consists in cleaning the heating element from plaque and replacing the magnesium anode that protects the tank from corrosion. Given the fact that today it is possible to purchase both “wet” (the heating element is immersed in water) and “dry” (the heating element is located in the flask and does not come into contact with water), it has become even easier to solve the problem of scale formation on the heating element. Boilers with "dry" heating elements are more durable and reliable. The tank of the device can be made of plastic, ceramic, stainless steel or copper. The highest heat transfer is observed in equipment with a copper tank.

Boiler installation

Installation of a storage water heater in a bathroom can be vertical or horizontal. Horizontal installation is carried out in small areas, in all other cases vertical installation is preferable. Why? It's simple - in a vertical boiler, water is divided into hot and cold in a natural way. Lighter hot water goes up, while cold water goes down. The branch pipe intended for the intake of cold water is mounted at the bottom of the unit, a branch pipe is installed on top for the outlet of the heated liquid.

In horizontal models, the pipes for cold and hot water are located at a considerable distance from each other, while the water in the tank is mixed and does not have a set temperature at the outlet. As a result, it turns out that vertical models provide a more stable temperature.

Gas water heaters

Gas equipment is connected only through a permit system. If such permission is obtained, the installation of the device must be carried out in the indicated place, and exclusively by the forces of gas management specialists. Independent installation of gas equipment is strictly prohibited.

Gas water heaters are divided into the following groups:

• flow,
• floor,
• double-circuit (wall or floor).

Flow models of equipment (geysers) are the most popular. With their help, you can heat a significant amount of water very quickly. The column is turned on when the hot water tap is opened, and turned off after the tap is closed. But at the same time, it should be noted that for the operation of this device, a full-fledged chimney device is required. The comfort and safety of using the geyser is provided by a triple protection system. In the event of a leak, overheating or lack of traction, the unit switches off automatically.

The floor water heater combines the advantages of a gas column and a boiler. Burner power can reach 26 kW, volume - 280 liters. Like the floor model, it needs a chimney device. The design and installation of such a water heating system should be carried out by highly qualified specialists.

Wall and floor double-circuit coppers provide work of system of heating and hot water supply. They are designed in such a way that if it is necessary to perform two tasks at the same time, one of them is carried out with a higher priority.

To meet domestic needs, the minimum flow rate of the flow-type device is 4.5 l / min. If you decide to opt for a storage tank, then a model of 10-15 liters is enough for washing dishes and hands, at least 50 liters for taking a shower, and from 80 liters for taking hot baths.

For one user, a unit with a volume of 30-50 liters is sufficient for showering, washing and washing dishes; to ensure the same needs, a young family will need a heater with a volume of 80-100 liters.

The task of hiding the water heater in the bathroom arises when installing an autonomous DHW line, which makes it possible not to depend on preventive shutdowns of hot water. In addition to the bathroom, the boiler can be placed in the kitchen, hallway, toilet, hallway. For masking, furniture, frame systems, architectural elements or design techniques are used.

Among the traditional, modern energy carriers for the conditions of the Russian Federation, there is no worthy alternative to natural gas in centralized supply systems. This guide covers the installation of an electric water heater that heats water only at the time of shutdown of hot water supply or maintenance of gas lines in apartments with columns on this type of fuel.

That is, the water heater is an additional source of boiling water for baths, faucets, showers. And the owner wants to hide the boiler in the bathroom or other rooms of the apartment to increase the decorative value of the interiors. In this case, the heater can be used for one plumbing fixture or supply hot water to all mixers in the house.

Wiring diagrams

Paragraph 6.37 of SNiP 2.04.08 prohibits the installation of gas appliances in bathrooms for the following reasons:

• room volume is less than 15 m³ (6 m² with standard ceiling height);
• there is no chimney according to SNiP 2.04.05, and it is forbidden to connect a column to the ventilation hood;
• There is no opening window in the room.

In view of the foregoing, electric-type water heaters should be operated in apartments. During scheduled maintenance of the boiler house, in the absence of hot water supply, residents will be provided with hot water from a boiler or instantaneous heater.

To install a boiler in the bathroom without violating the SP, PUE, you must perform the following sequence of actions:

• piping of the water heater system;
• connection to the mains 220 V.

The binding is made according to the scheme:

• tie-in in the cold water, hot water lines after the riser taps;
• a safety valve with a drain line is mounted at the inlet to the boiler;
• after it, a drain cock / valve is installed.

When connecting the electrical part, it is necessary, an RCD or a diffuser at the request of the water heater manufacturer in his passport.

Thus, two flexible hoses in a metal braid, a drainage tube, which must be connected to the sewer system, depart from the storage wall-mounted boiler or instantaneous water heater.

For power supply, there must be a 220 V socket with grounding, a differential circuit breaker or an RCD nearby. There are two shutoff valves at the cold water inlet, and one tap at the hot water outlet. That is, for flush mounting, additional space will be required, and the device itself cannot be removed far from the water supply and sewerage.

Details about the wiring and installation of electrical equipment in the bathroom are written in.

Flow or storage heater

The electric water device should be selected according to the characteristics:

In 85% of cases, apartment owners in the Russian Federation choose a storage boiler:

• 30 l - for one user;
• 70 l - a married couple;
• 150 l - for all water intake points;
• 210 l - a large family, a boiler for the kitchen and bathroom.

There are storage heaters of the following types:

• wall;
• floor;
• vertical;
• horizontal;
• flat;
• short large diameter;
• narrow elongated;
• pressure;
• atmospheric.

For emergency hot water lines used only at the time of shutdown of the central hot water supply or the prevention of the column gas pipeline, only direct-acting heaters with electric heating elements are used. Indirect heating devices with heat exchangers are not suitable for this purpose.

Location of the water heater

The easiest way is to mount the boiler near the existing water distribution in the area between the cold water / hot water risers and the plumbing fixture farthest from them. That is, in the toilet, bathroom, kitchen. The rooms adjacent to them are less often used - a corridor, an entrance hall.

Modern boilers have a pleasant body design that does not require masking. Electrical appliances can be beaten in the interior, apply techniques to make the water heater invisible. There are modifications specially designed for installation under a sink with a maximum capacity of 30 liters.

Despite this, many users prefer to install water heaters hidden - in niches, cabinets, on mezzanines, inside plasterboard boxes.

Combined bathroom

A combined bathroom was used in typical series of Khrushchev houses. Accordingly, a hidden installation is used during the renovation of secondary real estate. In this case, the storage heater can be hidden in several ways:

In the last two options, connecting the device to the water supply is very inconvenient, expensive, and potentially dangerous due to the possibility of leaks.

Bathroom

A separate bathroom was included in the projects of "stalinok" and "brezhnevka". The layout of the apartment with a separate toilet and bathroom dramatically increases the throughput of the bathroom in the morning, when the whole family is engaged in hygiene procedures at the same time.

To mount the water heater correctly, you should consider the nuances:

• the dimensions of the bathroom are minimal 1.4x1.75 m;
• there is very little free space, the washing machine does not fit;
• there are no risers of water supply, sewerage, that is, niches are not provided, boxes are not made;
• use one swivel mixer for bath and sink or two taps for each plumbing fixture separately;
• one side wall is occupied by a bathroom, a heated towel rail is attached to the other;
• a hanging cabinet is usually attached above the moidodyr.

There are fewer options for masking the water heater for this room than in the previous case:

• mezzanine above the door with blinds or doors;
• blinds over the bath;
• washbasin cabinet.

You can hide the boiler above the bathroom with horizontal metal blinds.

Attention: Wiring in wet rooms should be routed inside the plastic corrugation. The body of the device is mandatory in accordance with the regulations of the PUE. The water heater must be installed on a separate line with an automatic switch and an RCD or difavtomat. It is forbidden to use a heated towel rail, water pipes, fittings inside the walls of the building for this.

Now there are RCDs that are placed between the device and the outlet.

If the apartment is redevelopment to combine the bathroom, the options for hidden placement of the boiler from the previous paragraph of this guide are used.

Toilet

The smallest room in the apartment is a separate toilet. On the other hand, it is here that cold water / hot water risers, water disposal systems pass, water flow meters, shutoff valves, and filtering devices are located. Therefore, a niche behind the toilet bowl is often laid in the project, or the owner of the apartment hides the communications inside the GKL box on his own.

In these designs, a storage water heater is usually masked. Access to it for maintenance / repair is provided by installing an inspection sanitary hatch. A boiler in a niche can be decorated by installing blinds.

The dimensions of the restroom - at least 0.8x1.2 m, maximum 1x1.5 m - do not allow the use of other options for hidden placement of a water heater in this room.

Kitchen

Of all the options considered, the kitchen is the largest room. However, inside it it is necessary to combine several zones for different purposes:

• dining room - table, chairs or kitchenette;
• cooking - stove, oven, cutting table, sink;
• storage of inventory, products - refrigerator, hanging, floor cabinets.

In some apartments in the kitchen there is one more engineering system - there is a gas pipeline riser on which a gas meter is installed.

On the other hand, in Khrushchev and Brezhnevka houses, under the kitchen windows, a niche was usually made for a refrigerator measuring 75x75 cm and 25 cm deep. A horizontal flat storage water heater with a volume of 50 liters can be placed in the interior of this cavity. Manufacturers produce boilers with a tank of at least 23 cm in thickness.

The remaining installation options are similar to the previous methods:

• mezzanine;
• wall cabinet;
• under the sink in the cabinet;
• inside the GKL box.

The farther from the water supply the boiler is located, the more difficult it is to mask the wiring of hoses and cables. You will have to ditch the walls or mount frames for plasterboard false panels, which leads to the loss of working space in the kitchen.

Corridor and hallway

The only rooms adjacent to the kitchen and bathroom are hallways and corridors. Therefore, there are options for installing a boiler inside them:

Having decided on the installation site, the scheme for connecting the water heater to the pipes and the power supply line, you should choose an architectural structure that fits beautifully into the interior of the room.

Designs for masking the boiler

At the initial stage, it should be taken into account that water heater manufacturers provide at least an average level of decorative value of the water heater body, meaning its installation on walls, on the floor without additional masking.

Thus, choosing a ready-made cabinet for a bath, hallway, kitchen or corridor, inside which the water heater will ideally fit, without gaps and dismantling some of the shelves, is a very difficult task. Since the owner does not yet have either a cabinet or a boiler, he runs around the shops, compares their mutual dimensions until they are completely compatible.

The exception is boilers "under the sink", "under the sink", installed in floor cabinets. However, they are all low-power, since it is physically impossible to stuff large-volume tanks into small-sized furniture.

Therefore, structures inside which you can hide a storage water heater are usually built by a home craftsman on their own.

box

A box is a structure that protrudes outward relative to the plane of the wall. Roughly speaking, this is a cabinet made of plasterboard sheets screwed onto a galvanized profile frame. Unlike the cabinet, the design is stationary, non-removable. Instead of a door for access to the interior, it is used - hinged, sliding, push, removable.

The manufacturing technology of the box is as follows:

The box can be vertical from ceiling to floor or half the length of the wall, horizontal, stepped, complex configuration, depending on where the water supply and boiler are located.

Niche behind the toilet

Unlike the previous version, the niche is sewn up with one panel, there are no sides here.

The consumption of materials is reduced, the labor intensity of the process is reduced.

A popular way to disguise engineering systems, water heaters in a niche behind the toilet are blinds, as in the bottom photo.

Pipes may interfere with fixing the appliance to the wall using standard fasteners. In this case, brackets or special fastening systems are used.

Adjustable fastening system from a profile perforated pipe with brackets.

In this case, a stepped box is used, the wall is built up only above the toilet.

Niche under the kitchen window

Step-by-step instructions for hidden installation of a storage water heater in a niche under the kitchen window are as follows:

Access to the body of the water heater is necessary in order to clean the tank from scale, to change the anode protection electrodes.

Mezzanine

In the standard version, the mezzanine shelf is used to store household items. In this case, the purpose of this architectural structure is changed. The shelf is equipped with blinds or doors, a storage boiler is installed on it. The sequence of operations for the manufacture of a mezzanine for a water heater is as follows:

Attention: It is necessary to mount only horizontal models of water heaters on the mezzanine. Laying on the side of vertical boilers is not allowed.

Wall cabinet

The option of installing a single-circuit electric boiler in an industrial wall cabinet is the least laborious, but the most costly in terms of finance. The main nuances of installation are:

• standard fasteners of the cabinet will not withstand the weight of the storage type heater with a full tank of water;
• the boiler is attached directly to the wall, either through the back wall of the furniture, or after its dismantling;
• for connection to the sewer, cold water, hot water circuits, it is best to bring water outlets inside the cabinet on the wall of the room;
• to connect to a 220 V network, an electrical socket with grounding is installed in the cabinet in the same way.

Plastic, composite pipes always cost less than long flexible metal hoses, they last several times longer.

Closet

The interior solution "boiler inside the closet" is optimally suited for a corridor or hallway. It is in these rooms that such furniture is used most often, and they are located in the immediate vicinity of the bathroom, kitchen. You can connect to the sewer / water supply through the wall. To do this, the back or side wall of the closet should be the enclosing structure of the bathroom, toilet or kitchen.

The design of the built-in wardrobe is extremely simple - the doors from ceiling to floor move on rollers along guides, there are no side and rear walls. Under the boiler, the upper part of one compartment of furniture is allocated, standard shelves for storing things are mounted in the remaining space.

Floor stand

Due to the small size of the bathroom cabinets, floor cabinets for the kitchen sink, it is impossible to fit a large-volume storage single-circuit electric boiler inside this furniture. One-door cabinets can accommodate a device with a maximum tank of 30 liters, two-door cabinets with a tank of 80 liters.

Water heaters are installed on the shelf of the cabinet or attached to the wall of the room, they can have legs.

Masking with finishing materials

The body of the electric boiler has a traditional geometric shape, standard colors. A similar design is observed in a microwave, refrigerator, washing machine, which are not customary to mask, since this reduces the quality of their operation.

Therefore, the white body of the water heater logically fits into the interior of the kitchen, bath, toilet, combined bathroom, and is not rejected at a subconscious level. In addition, there are techniques for visually disguising a single-circuit electric boiler in the interior:

Hiding the boiler in these ways is much cheaper than making architectural elements in the rooms.

Thus, it is possible to mount an electric boiler in several rooms of the apartment with the same efficiency. Design techniques, factory cabinets, self-made architectural elements - mezzanines, plasterboard boxes, false panels with inspection hatches will help to hide the case.

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