Turnkey renovation. Urgent pipe repair in case of water leakage Metal pipe repair

An analysis of publications and a patent search on methods for repairing damaged main and distribution pipelines made it possible to broadly divide all existing methods according to technological characteristics and the equipment used into the following four groups:

Repair methods associated with the complete replacement of a defective section of a pipeline with a new pipeline.
Repair methods that involve sealing the damaged section of the pipe from the outside.
Repair methods in which sealing is carried out from inside the pipeline.
Repair methods using the so-called “pipe-in-pipe” type, in which a new pipe smaller diameter.

The first group of repair methods has been up to now traditional technology. Considering that repairs associated with replacing a damaged section with a new pipe are quite expensive, its feasibility follows from the presence of major defects in the pipeline, or its complete wear. The methods under consideration are easier to implement for open pipelines. Here the main difficulty is cutting off the pumped product at the defective area and removing its residues from the welding zones. In cases of underground pipelines, a complete opening of the damaged area is generally required, which significantly increases the labor intensity of the methods, especially in hard-to-reach places.

There are technologies for replacing a defective section of a pipeline with a new pipeline without opening it. The essence of these technologies is that the old pipe is destroyed using special devices, and its crushed segments are either removed or pressed into the ground with a conical expander, thereby freeing up the passage for laying a new pipe. Destruction of worn pipes is carried out in two ways - dynamic and static. The dynamic method is carried out using a pneumatic punch moving inside the old pipeline. The static method of destruction of pipelines is carried out using a cutting working element, made either in the form of a conical head equipped with a flat knife made of high-strength steel, or in the form of a roller knife (mill) with an expander. The drive of the cutting working body is carried out using special equipment. Currently, equipment for trenchless repair and replacement of pipelines is manufactured by more than twenty foreign companies. There is no serial production of such equipment in Russia. At the Odessa Construction and Finishing Machines Plant, complexes such as MPS-01, MPS-01-01 are manufactured for replacing pipes with a diameter of 150-250 mm.

As you can see, these technologies are quite complex; they require complex and expensive mechanisms for destruction old pipe and devices for pushing them. The defective section of the pipeline must be dilapidated for its complete and unhindered removal and, moreover, not very bent or extended.

When repairing underwater pipelines, the complexity of the considered methods belonging to the first group increases even more, which is associated not only with the release of the defective section of the pipeline from the ground, but also often with its rise above the water level.

To solve the problem of mass repair of main pipelines with corrosion and other damage, focusing only on electric arc welding technology with replacement damaged areas on a Russian scale in a short period of time is practically impossible and economically ineffective. Even with the availability of pipes and funds for reconstruction, replacing all worn-out pipelines in the country will take decades. In addition, from the point of view of labor and material intensity, as well as manufacturability, the use of electric arc welding is not always advisable, therefore it is applicable mainly in reconstruction.

Despite the noted disadvantages, the technology under consideration is quite acceptable and effective for emergency repair of pipelines that have access to damaged areas for their removal and replacement.

To eliminate local and minor corrosion, erosion and other defects, methods for restoring pipelines from the outside have become widespread. Compared to the previous group, these methods are less expensive and require less time to implement. However, the disadvantage associated with opening underground pipelines remains. External sealing can be carried out various methods depending on the diameter of the pipeline and the material from which it is made, as well as on the composition and parameters of the transported medium.

Well known as a temporary but quick measure to stop liquid or gas leaks from metal or plastic pipes methods using metal clamps, couplings, and others clamping devices. Plastic metals are used as a sealant, rubber seals, adhesive synthetic tape, clay plaster. If there are small cracks, repairs can be made using welding (for gas pipelines - by turning off the gas supply and observing the relevant safety rules). As a patch, half couplings can be used, which are welded together with longitudinal seams, and with the pipeline - circular, or couplings with through holes for welding to the pipe. In some cases, a lining is constructed around the defect and a hardening polymer material is injected into the cavity between it and the pipeline. In this case, the role of the coupling is played by the heat-shrinkable tape.

Among the many methods for repairing pipelines from the outside, which according to the proposed classification belong to the 2nd group, the leading place was taken by the method of eliminating defects using “cold” welding technology using polymer composite materials. Based on the results of many years of research and field testing, Gaznadzor LLC tested various materials, defined efficient technologies, designs with warranty period operation for up to 20 years for repair of pipelines and equipment of oil and gas industry cold welding method. Together with specialized institutes, Gaznadzor LLC developed departmental guidance documentation, which was approved by Gazprom and put into effect on October 1, 2000. In accordance with technological map repair, the surface of the pipe section with a defect is prepared, the geometry of the pipe is restored using polymer composite material (PCM). Then, using a PCM adhesive, a glass-polymer composite tape (SPCL), which has memory of the pipe diameter and strength properties higher than those of metal, is applied to it using a PCM adhesive. Installation and fastening of the tape is carried out on the gas pipeline only when the pressure decreases by at least 30% of the working pressure and without stopping the operation of the gas pipeline. The reduction in pressure is regulated by regulatory and technical requirements in order to ensure the safety of repairs, as well as to enable the repair structure to operate. To achieve the necessary adhesion, the SPCL is laid on the defect using a template corresponding to the curvature outer surface pipes, is secured with various clamping devices that provide the necessary force.

The described methods refer to open methods, which in cases of repair of network gas pipelines in cities, populated areas or near them require the opening of the roadway, lawns, demolition of green spaces, closure of city highways, followed by reclamation and restoration of damaged amenities. As a result, there is a disruption to the usual rhythm of life in areas adjacent to the work site. Thus, the considered group of repair methods is uneconomical due to significant costs.

Methods for repairing pipelines from the inside are trenchless. Sealing can be carried out using different methods. There are known devices for repair that make it possible to insert ring lining liners, special bushings, and seals in the form of a flexible plaster with a quickly hardening composition with increased adhesive ability or in the form of a hose-like foil applied to its surface into the pipe being restored.

The largest number of methods in the 3rd group are methods in which the pipeline is sealed by applying a protective restorative coating to its inner surface. This coating is obtained as follows. After preliminary cleaning and drying, a hardening material is injected into the defective section of the pipeline, and then a molder is pulled through it, which displaces excess material, and inner surface pipes, a uniform protective layer of this material hardens over time. In some cases the material protective coating placed on the surface of an elastic shell, which is inserted into the damaged area of the pipeline and inflated. The material is pressed against the inner surface of the pipeline. After the material has cured, the elastic casing is removed.

In cases of repair of large-diameter pipelines using the methods under consideration, special devices are proposed for applying coatings to the inner surface of pipes. These devices contain a transport module, mechanisms for squeezing out the polymer filler mixture, mechanisms for its radial supply and application to the internal surface, and heating elements for polymerization.

Despite the main advantage of these methods, which is repair without opening the pipeline, they have the following disadvantages that limit their use, especially when repairing gas pipelines, where high reliability and quality are required.

The need to use sophisticated equipment.
Need to hit polymer material to the right place and ensuring full and reliable contact.
The strength of the polymer protective coating in cases of high pressure and significant defects, as well as severe wear of the pipe, may be insufficient.
Inability to control quality repair work as they progress.
Impossibility of high-quality repair of pipelines laid in soils with high humidity, as well as underwater pipelines.

Pipe-in-pipe pipeline repair methods are relatively cheap and fast trenchless technologies, and these advantages often outweigh their main drawback - a reduction in the flow area of the pipeline.

The use of metal pipes as repair pipes due to their high bending rigidity is possible only in cases where the worn-out section of the pipeline is practically straight, and there is also space to form shafts of the required length for inserting repair pipes. Due to the noted limitations, repairs using metal pipes are carried out mainly on pipelines large diameter. As the length of the pipeline section being repaired increases, even if it has a slight curvature, the force required to pull through the repair pipes increases. In order to reduce this force, centering guide roller elements are used. Support elements It is proposed to be placed on the surface of the repair pipe along a helical line, and when an axial force is applied to the pipe, it must be given a rotational movement. In some cases, to facilitate installation, the section of pipeline being repaired is filled with water, and a new pipe, supported by a special floating pipe, or pontoons, is installed afloat. After installation, water is removed from the pipeline. As a traction device, a winch and a cable are usually used, pulled through the pipeline being repaired from the second end of it that has been opened. Instead of this traditional method movements of sections of repair pipes can be carried out by pressure supplied into the inside of these sections, the front end of which is temporarily closed with a plug.

The use of plastics, in particular polyethylene pipes for repairs using the method under consideration expands its capabilities, since such pipes, compared to metal ones, have greater flexibility and less weight, and therefore allow the repair of longer pipelines and those with a fairly large curvature. However, if the issue of obtaining the necessary flexibility of a plastic pipe is solved by reducing the wall thickness, then problems arise associated with the loss of strength both against abrasion when pulled into the pipeline being repaired, and strength when loaded with internal pressure. This is the main disadvantage of using plastic pipes. It is impossible to prevent abrasion of the repair pipe against the walls of a worn-out, corroded pipeline, and to ensure strength when pumping media under pressure, an additional complicated technological operation is required to fill the interpipe space with cementing material, for example, foam cement.

There are so-called “stocking technologies” for repair, which are classified in the 4th group, since they involve pulling special hoses, sometimes called stockings, into the pipeline being repaired. In terms of results, however, these methods are close to methods for sealing pipelines from the inside with various polymer compounds.

For example, a synthetic sleeve with glue applied to its outer surface is used as a stocking. After pulling the sleeve through, it is pressed against the inner wall of the pipeline using special rollers or by applying pressure inside.

In other methods, combined hoses made of composite materials are offered as a protective coating. These hoses are inserted into the pipeline. Then, a heated gaseous or liquid medium is supplied under pressure directly into them or into an auxiliary hose. The combined sleeve pressed to the inner surface of the pipe polymerizes and forms a sealed protective film. The auxiliary sleeve is removed.

Quite close to the “stocking” technology is the “U-liner” technology, in which a U-shaped (maybe of a different shape) plastic cross-section, most often a polyethylene lash, is stretched inside a previously cleaned pipeline to be repaired, followed by its straightening using a coolant of a certain temperature. and the formation of a new one-piece plastic pipeline.

The advantage that distinguishes “stocking technologies” and “U-liner” technologies among methods of the 4th group is that the flow area of the pipeline is practically preserved. but they are not without the disadvantages listed in relation to the methods of the 3rd group. In addition, another disadvantage is added, already indicated for plastic pipes - the possibility of damage to the hose or plastic pipe on the walls of a worn pipeline when pulling. And this disadvantage manifests itself the more, the greater the curvature of the defective section of the pipeline and the greater its length.

Noteworthy are methods for repairing curved pipelines, in which corrugated pipes are used as a repair pipe. Corrugated pipes or sleeves have low bending rigidity, so they can be pulled (pushed) through. defective sections of strongly curved pipelines, even containing bends and elbows. Reason limiting use corrugated pipes, the same as for plastic pipes - their low strength. This refers not only to the pressure load strength, but also to the contact strength and tensile strength required when pulling into the pipe being repaired. This drawback is eliminated by providing them with an outer wire braid.

The described repair methods of all four groups, with the exception of the repair methods of the 2nd group, for minor damage require a mandatory stop of pumping the transported product. At the same time, there are quite a lot of situations when, despite a detected defect or through-through damage to the pipeline, stopping pumping is impossible due to the emergence of significant problems of a technological and social nature (metallurgical, glass industry, petrochemicals, cooling system reactors of nuclear power plants, power supply of heating boiler houses in winter, etc.).

There are ways to repair damaged pipelines without stopping pumping using cold tapping methods and installing a bypass line.

Way emergency repairs pipeline without stopping pumping includes two main stages (figure below):

1. Emergency shutdown of the damaged section of the pipeline.

Scheme of repair work with installation of a bypass line

a - installation of shut-off devices to cut off the damaged area from the main highway; b - installation of bypass; c - removing the damaged area and replacing it with a new one; d - dismantling of shut-off devices and commissioning of the pipeline

2. Laying and inserting a temporary bypass line for continuous pumping.

The main ones restoration work When replacing a section of pipe, they are carried out in the usual rhythm, which helps to improve the quality of installation work. Simultaneously with the start of emergency restoration work to open a section of the pipeline, collect and pump out the leaking oil product, shut-off devices are installed on both sides of the removed section of the pipeline (without emptying it) to cut off the damaged section from the main pipeline, for which purpose two types of complex and responsible operations:

Cutting holes in the pipeline.
Inserting overlapping devices through them.

To do this, at the point where the shut-off devices are introduced, two pipes or split tees are welded to the pipeline, the flanges of which have special grooves for installing plugs after the completion of repair work. A special connection is attached to the pipes shut-off valves, to which a mechanism for cutting a hole is mounted. The design of the mechanism allows you to cut holes in the pipeline, which is under pressure from the pumped product. Holes are drilled using a cylindrical tubular cutter with an end working part. The cutter must be installed very precisely along the axis of the intended hole, and the frame is attached to the flange.

The milling spindle is equipped with a special device that holds the cut piece of metal and allows it to be removed. The rotational movement of the cutter and its feed are provided by a pneumatic or hydraulic drive built into the frame. After cutting the holes, the mechanism is dismantled, the reinforcement is closed, and a device for inserting closing devices is installed in its place. The closing device is a plug in the shape of a ribbed cone, mounted on rods, and allows you to hold operating pressure liquids in the pipeline.

After cutting holes in the pipeline and dismantling the drilling device, a bypass is connected to the shut-off valve, through which the flow of the pumped product is directed. The damaged section is removed and replaced with a new one, then the shut-off devices are dismantled, the pipes are plugged with special segmental plugs, the shut-off valves on the bypass line are closed, and the flow of oil product is directed through the main pipeline.

In order to comply with safety requirements and fire safety standards When carrying out installation work, the pipeline cavity is sealed with various sealing devices.

Most widely used in gas distribution systems low pressure so-called “clay plugs” are fireclay clay, packaged in elastic fabric bags and compacted into the cavity of the pipeline. The length of the plug depends on the nature of the terrain, the quality of the clay, the time of year, the diameter of the pipeline, etc., but must be at least two pipe diameters and guarantee the safety of hot work performed manually. Stuffing and compacting the clay plug is usually done by hand. To seal the pipeline cavity, in addition to clay plugs, the creation of which is a very labor-intensive and low-productivity operation, other methods are used, the operating principle of which is based on the introduction of various balls, plugs, scrapers and other mechanical separators inside the pipeline, used when replacing sections of oil pipelines in a planned manner.

In the event of an oil or gas leak, there is a high probability of further development of damage, cracks, and negative development of the accident, which can lead to an unacceptable interruption of pumping through the damaged section of the pipeline, and therefore the issue of reducing the time of shutting down the damaged pipeline and constructing a temporary bypass line is very relevant.

Cutting holes using a tubular end mill should be done at low speeds so that the cutter teeth do not overheat, jam or break, which is why technological stage there is no reserve for reducing the time for emergency pipeline repairs.

Thus, only by reducing the installation time of a temporary bypass line is it possible to reduce the total time for localizing and eliminating an emergency situation without stopping pumping that occurs on the pipeline.

It is also necessary to try to improve the first technological stage - emergency shutdown of the damaged section of the pipeline with the possibility of further repair work as usual.

Needs to be developed technical means and technology for quickly eliminating an accident and restoring pumping using a trenchless method of the “pipe in pipe” type, as well as without stopping the pumping of the transported product.

Study existing methods repair of underground pipelines revealed that technologies that involve opening and repairing defective areas with stopping pumping are quite well developed and are successfully used for repairing pipelines. But these technologies are quite expensive and not possible in all cases.

If it is necessary to repair pipelines in cramped conditions when damage areas are located under swamps, transport highways and other obstacles, the most effective repair methods are the “pipe-in-pipe” type.

The use of a “cold tap” with the simultaneous construction of a bypass line does not solve the issue of reducing the time required to restore a damaged pipeline, preventing the occurrence of emergency situations associated with the cessation of the supply of energy resources to industrial and social facilities of a continuous nature.

Solving the problems of increasing the accuracy and efficiency of methods for determining the location of leaks, the formation of narrowings and blockages, creating effective and fast technologies repair of pipelines using the “pipe-in-pipe” method, as well as without stopping pumping, would significantly reduce repair time, losses of transported hydrocarbons, and reduce pollution environment, which is very relevant.

Every apartment owner is faced with the question: what to do to improve the system at home. In any place in the Russian Federation it is necessary to heat your home in winter. It is impossible to imagine human existence in Russian Federation no heating cottages. It's no secret that heating fuel is always becoming more expensive. This web resource presents many home heating complexes that are used exclusively different ways receiving heating. The published heating schemes are recommended to be implemented individually or in a hybrid manner.

Communications cannot last forever, so at one point there will be a need to repair or replace them. Not much depends on the material of the pipes either, since leaks can also occur on pipelines made from the highest quality and most reliable materials. Sometimes it may be necessary to repair heating pipes. We'll tell you why heating pipes crack and how to stop leaks.

Leaking heating pipes

Causes of leaking heating pipes

What happens if the heating pipe leaks? The main causes emergency situations may be the following:

Wear heating pipes. Most often it is associated with the long service life of products. Most often, steel pipes are subject to physical wear.
Violation of operating conditions. This can be caused by such phenomena as increased temperature, hydraulic shock, or increased operating pressure.
Installation of heating pipes of poor quality.
Violation of the tightness of the joint between the components of the line as a result of defects in the connecting components or their incorrect installation.

You will need to stop the heating boiler, turn off the pump and turn off necessary taps and valves. The clamp will solve the problem temporarily, so repairs will still be inevitable. Before you begin the repair, you will need to prepare necessary materials and tools, turn off the heating, turn off all taps and drain the water from the system. Depending on the material from which the pipes are made, repairs can be carried out in various ways.

Steel pipe repair

How to fix a leaking heating pipe? If the problem is observed in threaded connections, then the connection will need to be disassembled, and then a new layer of winding will be applied.

When disconnecting, you must act very carefully, as you can accidentally break the seal. To make disassembly easier, you can preheat the connections. If a leak is observed at the joint or on the body of the pipe, then gas or electric welding will be required.

Copper pipe repair

What to do if the heating pipe drips? Repairing copper pipes will also require the use of welding, but there are some nuances that differ from the previous method. Welding copper is quite difficult process, and only a qualified specialist can carry it out. A problem such as a ruptured heating pipe can occur on those connections that were made by capillary-type soldering. If repeated soldering does not bring results, the entire section of pipe will need to be replaced.

If your system is equipped with metal-plastic pipes, then most likely the entire area in which the damage occurred will need to be replaced. The damaged area will need to be cut out, and a new one will need to be installed using press fittings or compression fittings. A fistula on a heating pipe for metal-plastic heating usually occurs precisely at compression-type connections.

Repair of metal-plastic pipes

Repair of polypropylene pipes

Leaks can occur even in such heating systems. Sometimes it can be quite difficult to determine the location of the leak, especially if it is minor:

If the heating pipe (its threaded connection) leaks, the seals will need to be replaced.
If a problematic situation is observed at a welded connection or a straight section, then pipe repair will consist solely of replacing the entire damaged section.
Soldering of polypropylene pipes must be performed strictly according to certain technologies. The required temperature and heating time must be observed. Any mistake can cause the joint to fail within a short period of time.
When replacing a section of pipe, it is not allowed to change the wiring diagram.

Repair of polypropylene pipes

After all repair work has been completed, it is still too early to turn on the boiler. First you need to fill the system with water. You also need to make sure that the pumping equipment is also turned off. In addition, you will need to remove air from the pipes. Turn on boiler equipment and look after the area that has been restored. During the first day, you can check every hour or two how the joint behaves.

Extraneous noise

Sometimes noise may occur in the heating pipes - it can be either a knocking in the heating pipes, or various clicks, and a hum. Why are heating pipes noisy? There are several reasons:

During operation, the diameter decreases.
Pipes are leaking.
A smaller pipe diameter was installed.

It should be remembered that if the heating pipes are humming, immediately check whether there is a leak.

You may need to think about how to fix a leaking heating pipe. When you eliminate the leak, you will also eliminate the problem of noisy heating pipes.

Why are the heating pipes still humming? This may be a reduction in pipe diameter. You can hear the heating pipes knocking right on the spot. You need to walk along the pipes and find the reason why the heating pipes are clicking. Usually the source from which the heating pipes click is located in basement– because there is more pressure here. It is very important to find in time the reason why the heating pipes are firing, humming or making noise - because this could be a prerequisite for a serious problem.

Source: http://otoplenie-doma.org/remont-trub-otopleniya.html

When installing utilities, it is necessary to provide in advance the possibility of repairing heating pipes in the apartment without resorting to dismantling flooring or wall panels. If a leak has already occurred, then our article will tell you how to fix it.

Leaking heating pipe

Heating pipe breakdowns

Troubleshooting metal pipes

Leakage at joints

At the moment, metal pipes are rarely used for heating. But in old houses, the wear and tear of metal heating pipes is catastrophic. When a heating pipe leaks at the connection points to heating devices, fittings, taps, it is necessary to disassemble the fastening, replace the seal and reassemble the connection.

Replacing the seal

Leak in a metal pipe body

When eliminating a leak in a heating pipe, you need to keep in mind the cardinal difference between the water supply and the heating system - it lies in the temperature of the liquid contained in them.

Source: http://vse-o-trubah.ru/remont-trub-otopleniya.html

The importance of bathroom pipe repair work

Among various types repair work carried out in residential and non-residential premises, occupies a special place pipe repair. for which it is necessary to use the labor of qualified specialists, as well as appropriate equipment. At the same time, it is extremely important to comply with established norms and rules for carrying out repair work.

It should be noted that self-execution This work can lead to serious consequences during the operation of communication systems. Almost any malfunction in the functioning of pipelines leads to the fact that it becomes not very comfortable to stay in the room, and it can also cause material and moral damage to people living in the neighborhood.

Bathroom pipe repair

Repair of steel pipes for welding "exposed installation"

There is also a way to repair cast iron pipes when their sockets are sealed with asbestos cement. This also uses asbestos fiber, which is mixed with Portland cement. It must be borne in mind that the grade of this cement cannot be lower than four hundred. In addition, sealing the sockets must begin by first applying a tarred hemp rope to the places where the pipe connections are located.

Repairing steel pipes in the bathroom

Damage to steel pipes is usually associated with the occurrence of fistulas—foci of pitting metal corrosion. To eliminate these damages, it is necessary to carry out a number of operations:

The movement of water is blocked using a valve.
The fistula is expanded using a drill or core.
Using a tap, a thread is cut and a bolt is screwed into the prepared hole.

In some cases, fistulas have an oval shape. Here you cannot use the method described above. To solve the problem, it is necessary to apply a temporary bandage, which has rubber sealing gaskets. This bandage is tightened with bolts or clamps. In addition, such damage can be eliminated by using fiberglass fabric based on epoxy adhesive.

When gluing pipes, they must first be cleaned of rust and dirt using a file, sanding paper or brush. Then the ends of the steel pipes should be wiped with gasoline or acetone, and then they should dry for about fifteen minutes.

Repair of copper heating and water supply pipes

Copper pipes, despite their strength and functionality, are susceptible to wear and corrosion, which leads to the need to repair these pipes. Basically, copper pipes have damage at the bends, which can be repaired by using a sealant. If the damage is serious, it is necessary to replace the copper pipe, which will avoid problems in the future.

In the event that there is delamination of a copper pipe, you can use soldering, which is divided into two types: high-temperature and low-temperature. When high-temperature soldering is carried out, hard solder is used, which makes it possible to increase the service life of copper pipes. For low-temperature soldering, special low-temperature solders are used.

When installing copper pipes, you must remember that there are certain parameters their bending. For example, if the diameter of the copper pipe does not exceed 1.5 cm, the bending radius should be 3.5 times the diameter of the pipe or more.

Repair of PVC water supply pipes

PVC pipes are not only quite durable, but can last much longer than traditional cast iron pipes. When repairing PVC pipes, glue is used to connect them into a socket. The ends of the sockets and pipes are prepared by stripping and also degreased with a solvent.

In the case where PVC pipes do not have axial movement, repairs at an oblique joint can be used. To do this, use a hacksaw, which cuts a cut at an angle of forty-five degrees, both in the workpiece and in the pipe. Then the pipes are connected, pressed and fixed using a coupling.

You can perform surface repairs on PVC pipes by applying a bandage of adhesive tape. In addition, in this case, you can use a universal adhesive designed for gluing plastic surfaces. Before carrying out this repair, the pipes are cleaned and degreased. In a similar way, bathroom pipes are often repaired.

Repair PVC pipes It is also possible by welding, which is carried out using a nail or knife, which is preheated to a red-hot state. Under the influence of high temperature, the edges of pipes made of plastic melt, which leads to the filling of existing holes. When installing water supply or heating pipes, you can weld the pipe parts to each other. To do this, you need to hold them over the burner fire. At the same time, you need to remember that a material such as PVC cools quite quickly, so all work must be carried out promptly.

Cost of pipe repair work

The cost of work related to the repair of heating, water supply, and sewerage pipes depends on which pipes need to be repaired, the complexity of the work and the equipment used. The cheapest is temporary pipe repair, which uses fairly simple means.

Both pipes and any plumbing fixtures have the very inconvenient property of leaking at the most inopportune moment. And it’s good if this happens in your presence, but what if you’re at work and there’s no one at home? Alas, you will definitely flood your neighbors, and an impressive hole will form in the family budget.

However, let’s imagine that you are at home and there it is - a sudden leak, such that water splashes out like a fountain. What to do?

Shut off water

First of all, of course, you need to turn off the water supply as quickly as possible. Which valve should you turn? This depends on the specific type of sewer in your house or apartment.

Often the required valve is located next to the pipe or plumbing where the leak is detected. Sometimes this is a common valve that supplies water to the entire apartment or house.

Look for the right valve by looking at the pipe that supplies water to your bathtub or sink. In addition, there are separate valves on small pipes to which washing machines are connected.

Faucet for supplying water to the toilet

Found the required valve? Immediately turn it counterclockwise to shut off the water. When the water pressure has stopped, it's time to start repairs.

Drain the water

The leak has been temporarily stopped, but it is still too early to begin repairs - all remaining water needs to be removed from the water supply system.

As a rule, to do this, you should (if you have not already done so) turn off the water supply to the entire apartment.

Now open the tap that is located below all the other taps. Then gradually open other taps, thanks to which plumbing system Air will be supplied and the water will drain faster.

How to quickly fix a leaking pipe

The water has been turned off and drained - it’s time to patch up the pipe, which inappropriately began to leak.

When such a copper pipe begins to leak, it must be repaired immediately.

Let's see how this can be done.

If there is any water left in the pipe, it needs to be drained.
In the place where the pipe is leaking, place a thick piece of rubber or cut such a piece from an old garden hose. Such a patch should be larger than the leakage area by 5-6 centimeters in each direction.
Secure the patch using wire or plastic zippers.

How to quickly repair a cracked pipe

Hose clamps and a fragment of a regular garden hose.
Rubber or a piece of garden hose tied tightly with wire.

Protective shell and neoprene rubber allow you to temporarily forget about leakage

Tighten the clamp using bolts.
Pipe clamp.
Neoprene rubber.

Specialized plastic protective sheath for cracked pipe repair. To use it, place the shell exactly in the center of the crack and secure it in place.

More versatile and reliable option– purchase a special protective sheath for pipes, which will last much longer than your old garden hose. However, this is still a temporary solution and the pipe will have to be replaced.

Video on replacing water and sewer pipes in an apartment

This video demonstrates in detail the process of replacing pipes in an apartment, and also shows how you can connect pipes to a gas water heater.

How to repair a cracked water pipe

If steel water pipe If it is cracked, it will need to be overhauled. To do this, the cracked pipe fragment is replaced with a whole one.

If a steel pipe is cracked

To connect this fragment to the pipe, as a rule, a locking coupling is used.

To make a major repair of a metal pipe that has cracked, it is necessary to remove the cracked fragment and install a new one. Fixing couplings are used for fastening.

Coupling for connecting steel pipes.
Cut in the pipe.
Remove both pieces of pipe to the right and left of the cut.
Use a pipe wrench to hold the fittings and screw the pipe together with another wrench.
New pipe sections.
Assembled coupling.
The coupling nut is screwed onto the pipe.
The second connecting nut is also screwed onto the pipe.
The coupling nut is screwed onto the coupling nut.

In this case, the segment steel pipe changes to its galvanized version.

Repairing a Cracked Copper Pipe

If a copper pipe is cracked, repairs are made in the same way. The damaged fragment is cut out and a coupling is installed in its place. Sometimes it is necessary to cut the entire fragment down to the nearest connection, especially in the case where there is not enough coupling to bridge a crack that is too large.

To overhaul a copper pipe, the damaged segment is cut out and a special coupling is installed in its place.

Disconnect the end of the pipe from the fitting.
The damaged segment must be cut out.
Solder the new fitting.
Solder a new coupling.
Add a new pipe segment if the damaged segment is longer than the coupling.
The water from the damaged part of the pipe must be drained.

This cracked and swollen copper pipe requires immediate major repairs or complete replacement.

Replacing a cracked plastic pipe

Repairing a cracked plastic pipe is somewhat more difficult. As a rule, it is not possible to remove a plastic pipe from a fitting, so you need to cut out the cracked segment from the pipe, and then install a new segment.

In this case, the new segment is installed thanks to couplings that are attached with special glue.

Major repairs of a plastic pipe involve cutting out the damaged segment and replacing it with a new segment, which is attached using couplings “set” with glue.

Cut a piece of pipe long enough to install both the new piece and the two couplings.
Clutch.
New pipe fragment.
Clutch.
Cut out pipe fragment.
Insert a new piece containing two couplings and a short pipe segment.

Replacing a segment of plastic pipe located under the sink. Of course, working with plastic is much easier than working with steel or copper pipes.

Pipeline failure occurs due to mechanical wear. It is subject to erosive, thermal, and corrosive loads, so from time to time there is a need for its repair.

The rules and methods for carrying out repair work differ depending on the type of network and the material used to make the pipes.

Contents of the article

Types of water supply system breakdowns

Partial repair of pipes is the optimal moment for their complete replacement. Among the main breakdowns of the water supply system are:

interruptions in water supply (can be short-term or long-term);
complete loss of water in the network;
low pressure in the pipeline;
extraneous, uncharacteristic;
formation of condensate on the pipeline;
mechanical clogging of pipes;
failure of network elements.

Low pressure is a common problem that leads to the disappearance of water in taps. As a result, residents multi-storey buildings they don't receive it at all.

A pressure gauge is used to measure pressure. If indicators are low, first of all, you should open different areas pipeline networks: in wells and at the entrance to the system.

Equipment malfunction means failure of fittings, water metering unit, and alluvial installation.

If you suspect a breakdown of the fittings, it is worth checking all its types: shut-off, water-folding and regulating.

To ensure that the sediment is broken, a pressure gauge is also used. It is installed at the entrance of the water supply system to the building and after installation. If the difference in performance is obvious, the pump is broken.

What pipes are used for pipeline repair?

There are several types of pipes that are used to repair the water supply network (i.e., to replace damaged sections):

polypropylene;
metal-plastic;
polyethylene;
metal (cast iron).

Polypropylene products have the following advantages:

tightness and reliability of the connection;
preservation performance characteristics throughout the entire service life;
resistance to corrosion, deposit formation and the influence of chemical compounds;
simple installation, affordable installation elements.

A new leak on a pipe is a signal for urgent repairs

Metal-plastic products are a three-layer “pie” - there is a metal layer between two plastic plates. They suitable for local repairs in small areas.

They stand out for the following advantages:

affordability of pipes;
simple installation;
resistance of pipes to the occurrence of corrosion processes and the influence of chemicals.

However, metal-plastic pipes have lower fastening reliability indicators than plastic pipes. There may be a loss of joint density when the pipe is heated, which leads to. Fittings are used to install the matelloplastic system.

Polyethylene products are used only for the installation of external water supply networks. Among the advantages: simple installation using fittings, durability and affordability. Since they are not resistant to high temperatures, are used exclusively for the cold water supply network.

Metal products have long faded into the background. To their negative aspects include the complexity of installation, high cost and susceptibility to corrosion processes.

How to fix a water pipe leak?

Leaks are the most common type of failure that occurs in different parts of the water main, at industrial facilities or home mains.

Before performing any plumbing repairs, the water should be turned off. After fixing the breakthrough, you need to dry it work surface. Only then can you begin to eliminate it.

There are measures that can be taken in case of a leak:

Application of epoxy glue or sealant. On a metal surface, within a radius of up to 5 cm around the break, remove the rust and then apply a sealant. Epoxy composition requires the use of a bandage. Water can be turned on after 12 hours.
Installation of a temporary rubber bandage. After installation, it must be secured with wire.
Using a flange. The method is temporary, but allows you to eliminate the leak for a long time. Thanks to the rubber, wear-resistant surface, it can be used repeatedly.
Threadless method for eliminating leaks. Provides for the installation of a larger diameter pipe in place of the damaged area. An incision is made at the breakout site, the area is treated with glue and a pipe is installed in its place, which will act as a clamp.

Metal pipeline repair

Repairing a metal water pipe involves several methods:

“old-fashioned” using cement and fabric;
using asbestos and cement;
using a clamp with a rubber gasket.

The first method of sealing metal pipes is considered temporary. Before starting work, it is necessary to dilute the cement to a liquid state and saturate a piece of fabric with it.

Such a bandage is placed on the damaged section to a width of plus 20 cm in each direction from the site of the breakthrough.

A new launch of the water supply network can be carried out no earlier than one day after temporary repairs. Method cannot be used at pipe joints.

When repairing a pipeline, asbestos plays the role of reinforcement. If there is no material, it can be replaced with fiberglass.

The width of the cement-asbestos mortar patch should not be less than the width of the section being repaired.

Before applying it, the pipe is cleaned of any substances: paint, dirt, grease, etc. After installation on the surface, the fiberglass tape is secured with a metal hoop.

The clamp can be mounted on the working pipe. Shutting off water supply networks is not required. Before installing the product, it is necessary to spread its ears so that it easily covers the pipe.

The rubber gasket lies flat on the breakthrough. There should be about three centimeters between the ears.

Do-it-yourself leak repair on a metal pipeline (video)

Repair of plastic pipeline networks

Repair of a plastic water supply network is carried out by replacing the damaged section with a new one. For polypropylene pipes soldering is used for metal-plastic products– threaded inserts.

In some cases, makeshift welding is used, that is, the breakout site is sealed with molten plastic. To warm up the soldering area, open flame is used or hot metal. It is important not to damage the plastic surface of the pipe.

By connecting pieces of different diameters, you can do without soldering. Instead of her . It is necessary to process a piece of smaller diameter and lubricate adhesive solution. If required, you can wrap fiberglass.

The processed section is placed into a product of larger diameter. At the connection point you need to crimp with a bandage. If pipes operating under pressure are being repaired, mechanical pressure is required.

It should be remembered that sluggish glue breaks down over time and loses its connecting properties.

It happens that the plastic pipe of water supply networks loses its shape. Deformation of its surface does not always indicate damage. If you cannot align the pipe, the dented section should be replaced.

Also, a section must be replaced if scratches with a depth of more than 10% of the total wall thickness are visible on it.

Preventing water supply breakdowns is an important component of network operation. You should regularly inspect the pipes for damage and monitor the pressure in their cavity.

Very often, old pipelines in apartments leak. This is a sure sign that it's time to think about major renovation water supply pipes, that is, their complete replacement. But this is a rather lengthy procedure that requires a lot of money, effort and time. And if you do not have the opportunity to completely replace the pipelines urgently, then you should take care of eliminating the leak at the site of the breakdown. Moreover, it is better to carry out the work with your own hands, so as not to pay for the services of housing office workers or some other private organization. Today’s article will discuss how to repair water supply pipes in an apartment.

Note! If planned high-quality repairs, then without complete or partial replacement We can't get by with pipes. The one who started such repairs is responsible for the water supply of the entire house, so it will be better if the housing office carries out the work (otherwise, he should at least be warned).

Repair of metal water supply pipes

First way

Often, a section of the pipeline with minimal pressure, that is, the drain, fails. If the drain pipeline is leaking, you can use the well-known “old-fashioned” method - wrapping the defective area with cloth (gauze) with cement mortar. First of all, you need to close the shut-off valves on the main pipelines.

Next, add water to the dry cement and mix the mixture until it has a liquid consistency. We soak gauze with the resulting solution, which we immediately wrap around the pipe in several layers (directly at the leak site and on both sides of it, until the total length of the cement repair pad is 30-40 cm). We wait for the solution to harden (this will take a day). The repair is complete, you can safely open the mains and taps and start using the water supply without fear of leaks.

Main advantage The “old-fashioned way” of repairing water supply pipes is the strength and durability of the cement coating. It is simply impossible to tear off the gauze with your hands.

But there are also disadvantages. Pipes that fit tightly to the wall cannot be repaired in this way. And it is not recommended to repair the pipe joints in this way, since if necessary, it will be impossible to dismantle them.

Second way

There is a more modern method of sealing leaks - use of cement mortar reinforced with durable asbestos fiber.

Note! In this case, the cement mortar can easily be replaced with epoxy glue.

The embedding technology in this case is no different from the method described above (with cement mortar). Both when using epoxy adhesive and asbestos mortar, complete drying repair coating occurs in no less than one day.

Third way

If the hole in the pipe is small, it can be sealed by screwing in a bolt of the appropriate diameter. Please note that such “repair” work can only give temporary results.

First, we widen the hole in the pipeline to the size of a bolt using an electric drill, then screw a bolt with a massive elastic washer into the hole. If necessary, you can make a thread in the hole using a tap.

Fourth method

The next method is to apply a temporary bandage, tightened with elastic steel wire. We can use rubber, thin sheet metal, and even fiberglass as a patch. We wind the patch around the damaged section of the pipeline, tighten the wire “twisted”. It is advisable to crimp the patch in several places at once. When removing the clamps, the bandage must retain its original shape and, therefore, prevent leakage. What is

The same procedure can be done with a steel clamp and rubber pad. The main thing is that the clamp is wide enough.

Repair of plastic water supply pipes

Things are much simpler with a plastic pipeline. We can even carry out major repair work related to the replacement of individual sections of the highway ourselves. Pipe connections can be made in one of two ways:

with regular soldering, if we're talking about about polypropylene pipes;
threaded inserts if metal-plastic is used.

Soldering is a fairly easy procedure that even someone who has never held a soldering iron can handle with almost a hundred percent success rate.

Local work can be carried out using one of the methods below.