The times are far gone in the past when the ceiling in a house or apartment was simply whitewashed, renewing the coating every year. Now exists a large number of building materials that will allow you to create beautiful cladding premises.

This article, illustrated with a photo, tells how to decorate the ceiling in an apartment. The instructions will be especially useful for those who want to do all the work themselves.

A variety of materials - their features and basic installation rules

Finishing the ceilings in an apartment is a simple process. The main thing is to choose one or another facing material. Let's look at the main options for finishing the ceiling in an apartment and the use of various products.

Choosing wallpaper

Wallpaper has been used for a long time.

And the reason for such popularity of this material is as follows:

• low price;
• ease of pasting.

Advice. Before wallpapering, it is necessary to level the surface, and also to properly seal all the cracks and holes, and the joints between the floor slabs. This is necessary because the wallpaper itself is very thin, and therefore even the slightest unevenness in the ceiling will be visible under it.

The wallpaper itself should be chosen depending on what type of room is being renovated:

• Ordinary paper wallpaper is suitable for the corridor;
• For the kitchen, so-called glass wallpaper is best suited.

This coating has a lot of positive characteristics:

• hide surface unevenness;
• have a reinforcing property;
• durability;
• fire safety;
• moisture resistance;
• Possibility of multiple dyeing.

Advice. The choice of wallpaper color depends on the overall interior design of a particular room. However, experts recommend paying attention to models that can subsequently be repainted many times. Thus, when changing the interior design, you will not have to change the ceiling covering, but will only need to repaint it.

Choosing polystyrene panels

The methods for finishing ceilings in an apartment are varied. For example, everyone more people Polystyrene panels are used for this purpose.

This material has a rich range of colors and can be:

• white;
• blue;
• green;
• pink;
• cream, etc.

And this is not to mention these types of products that almost perfectly imitate natural materials:

• tree;
• metal;
• stone, etc.

However, polystyrene panels have one very negative point, which is that they are very difficult to glue. Do it yourself this work, especially without experience in carrying out repairs, is extremely difficult.

Before you start gluing the surface with panels, you need to prepare it by removing and sealing:

• cracks;
• joints;
• protrusions, etc.

After all, even if one panel is glued a little unevenly, then all subsequent ones will be “skewed.”

Choosing stretch ceilings

If we're talking about about the kitchen, then in this case all of the above types of ceiling finishing in the apartment will not be relevant, which is due to the fact that both wallpaper and polystyrene panels absorb dirt, and it is very difficult to wash such material.

In the kitchen, there is a constant release of soot and moisture, which settles on the ceiling and pollutes it.

Installation of tension structure

The optimal solution in this situation would be a suspended ceiling. Experienced craftsmen will complete the installation quite quickly, literally in a day, since for installation tension material there is no need to carefully treat the surface.

The installation itself is not a dusty job, and therefore you don’t have to worry that you will have to spend a long time cleaning and cleaning the room. After all, to install the tension facing material Only a few holes need to be drilled.

1. First, the frame is mounted - for its manufacture it is necessary to use metallic profile, which is attached via a quick installation system to the ceiling.
2. After creating the frame, immediately distribute the wiring - this is especially important if you plan to install built-in lamps, through which it is easy to zone the room.
3. Next, you can begin installing the drywall sheets. If you are still going to install spotlights, then holes for them are drilled in the drywall after it is fixed to the metal profile frame.
4. Sheets of material are also attached using self-tapping screws.
5. After all the sheets are secured, they are carried out

Before you begin repairing the ceiling, you should decide on its design, select materials and calculate their cost. Construction market offers a wide choice finishing materials. These can be water-based paints, paper or liquid wallpaper, drywall or suspended ceilings. To make it easier to make a choice, we will consider the options for finishing the ceiling separately.

The most affordable way to update the ceiling is to level it using putty and plaster mixtures, and then cover with a layer of whitewash, water-based paint or wallpaper. The price of wallpaper starts from 180-200 rubles. per roll, it is enough to cover 6-7 sq.m. surface, depending on the roll width and footage.

In order to plaster and whitewash the surface of the ceiling, you will need special dry mixtures that are diluted with plain water. Ready solution Apply it to the ceiling with a trowel and rub it in a circular motion until the surface of the ceiling is leveled. Then the ceiling is sanded and painted. For a ceiling surface of 20 square meters, you will need 1 bag of the mixture. Its price starts from 300-350 rubles.

The advantages of this finishing method are its inexpensive cost. The disadvantages are that this process not only labor-intensive, but also dirty, because... The whitewash gets on the floor and spreads throughout the apartment. It is necessary to remove furniture and close walls and windows if they are not planned to be repaired or changed.

After leveling the ceiling, its surface can be finished not with ordinary, but with silk plaster, the so-called liquid wallpaper. This ceiling finishing option is a little more expensive than the previous ones, but overall relatively cheap. If you do the plastering yourself, without involving specialists, repairing a 20 sq.m ceiling will cost about 3,000 rubles.

The surface on which liquid wallpaper will be applied must be dry, primed and dust-free so that the mixture adheres well to it. Solution liquid wallpaper applied with a trowel (it comes complete with wallpaper) or using a special construction gun. The mass is simply pulled out with a trowel over the surface of the ceiling. Rub it like ordinary plaster, no need.

With the help of liquid wallpaper you can create interesting color combinations and original effects, giving an unusual texture.

Suspended ceiling

By using frame structure a practical and functional suspended ceiling is created. Which can be faced with mirror slabs, wood or plastic panels, clapboard or drywall.

Hard wooden or metal carcass attached to the ceiling, then sheathed with the selected material. Additional benefit This finishing method is that, if necessary (breakdown or repair), you can replace a separate module section without having to remove the entire structure.

Construction suspended ceiling hides 7-10 cm of the height of the room. But this inter-ceiling space is used to its advantage: for communication and lighting. The advantages of a suspended ceiling include quick installation of the structure, aesthetic appearance, the ability to install built-in or surface-mounted lamps, which give the room a specific and original look.

Suspended ceilings can be sheathed with any material according to your preference. For example, wood is a natural and beautiful material, but is afraid of dampness. Not suitable for wet rooms. Plastic is not afraid of moisture, it is easy to attach and clean. Such ceilings are ideal for the kitchen. Good sound insulation The room and the whiteness of the ceiling will be given by finishing materials made of mineral fiber.

Mirror ceilings have an unusual appearance, they are durable and do not require complex installation. The material used is polished glass. Finishes made from MDF panels will last a long time, but plasterboard has gained the most popularity. This material is inexpensive and easy to make designs with. complex shape– round or oval. To many advantages, you can add one disadvantage - this material will not withstand large water flows, for example, if the neighbors from above are flooded. There are also moisture resistant drywall, but it is more fragile than regular one, and it will be difficult to cut structures of non-standard shapes from it.

Stretch ceiling

Surface finishing with stretch ceilings profi-potolkov.ru wins in terms of technical and quality characteristics for all other ceiling finishes. Stretch ceilings are moisture- and fire-resistant, have modern look and a rich range of colors. They are easy to match to any interior design. They come with matte, glossy, mirror finish. Stretch ceilings can be made multi-level, in the form of a tent, tier, wave, arch. An unusual look will be given to the canvas by photo printing or art painting– a flower will bloom above your head or the starry sky will spread out.

Installation of a stretch ceiling is carried out within several hours. Along the perimeter of the room, a canvas is attached to the baguette. To make it elastic, it is first heated with a heat gun. The height of the baguette on which the canvas is stretched is only 3 cm, which takes much less free space than when installing a suspended structure. In the inter-ceiling space under suspended ceilings you can hide the communication system of the room, and there will still be room for built-in lamps. The ceiling is not afraid of moisture and can withstand 100 liters of water per 1 sq.m. If the canvas has been deformed and stretched under the weight of water, after some time it returns to its original shape and appearance, leaving no traces.

Manufacturers suspended ceilings are both foreign - French, German, Belgian, and Russian companies. Russian suspended ceilings are somewhat inferior in quality and richness color range foreign paintings, but twice cheaper. Price 1 sq. m of French canvas is 25-30 dollars without installation costs and additional materials– baguettes, lamps, without taking into account the complexity of the design.

After completion of external construction work country house, we need to get down to something difficult, but necessary process - interior decoration. Usually interior design begins with the question of how to decorate the ceiling in a private house. The proposed article will help you decide on the choice of finishing material.

Finish options

There are many worthy materials for finishing the ceiling in a private home. These include traditional and modern materials that meet the most demanding tastes.

The main options for finishing the ceiling in a private house:

• whitewash;
• coloring;
• plaster plinths with stucco molding;
• decorative plaster with baseboards;
• suspended structures;
• wood paneling;
• stretch fabrics;
• designs from plasterboard sheets;
• wallpaper.

An important role when choosing the type of ceilings in a private house is the need for leveling rough coating. So, if you mount a suspended structure, then level rough surface not necessary. Communications and wiring will be covered with a suspended structure.

Any of the options for finishing the ceiling of a private house has its advantages and disadvantages. Which design method to choose depends on the height of the ceilings, interior style, budget, taste and preferences.

Let's take a closer look at some of the materials from which ceilings are made in a private house.

Painting

One of the most simple ways design of the ceiling space. Classic option the surface will become white. But this design is unlikely to be suitable for a bedroom or living room.

The color of the paint should be taken into account. So, dark colors visually reduce the height of the room. But painting with light paint, on the contrary, will make the room spacious.

If you still want to use dark tones, then it is recommended to combine them with pastel colors on the walls. You can use decorative coloring compositions with various effects.

Plaster, gypsum or polystyrene foam

Easily mounted on the surface of expanded polystyrene slabs, or gypsum panels and plinths with stucco molding. This coating is usually white, but after installation the panels can be painted in any shade.

A good solution would be to decorate the ceilings of a country house decorative plaster, which can be smooth, textured, imitation marble or patterned panels. But finishing with decorative plaster requires special skills.

Suspended structures and tension fabrics

Due to the peculiar design of the ceilings of a private house, you have to think about how to cover the wiring, ventilation and various elements communications. A suspended plasterboard structure is suitable for this purpose. Lighting fixtures can be mounted to the surface. This LED strips or spotlights.

A correctly chosen hanging structure makes it possible to visually enlarge the space and use various design solutions.

You can combine suspended structures with tension fabrics.

Wallpaper

Can be glued to the surface decorative wallpaper in the form of stripes. You can paste wallpaper of the same color in the bedroom above your head. And for the rest of the ceiling, choose a material of a different color scheme.

To cover the surface with wallpaper, first level it work surface. The coating must be even. Photo wallpaper is suitable for a child's room.

You can add decorative stickers to the wallpaper that imitate a glowing starry sky, or beautiful plants.

Nuances when decorating the ceilings of a country house

When choosing what to make a ceiling from in a private house, you need to take into account the design features of the rough surface of country buildings.

To sheathe the ceiling in a private house from the inside, you need to perform the following additional work for the rough coating:

1. install thermal insulation;
2. lay hydro- and vapor barrier layers;
3. you need to take care of insulation and find quality material. Used for insulation mineral wool, expanded clay, sawdust and other materials.

After installing the necessary layers on the floors, interior finishing begins.

Which ceilings are better?

Sometimes it is difficult to make up your mind and decide which ceilings are best done in a private house. After all, a well-designed ceiling space should not only be beautiful, but warm and practical, with a long service life.

Problem ceiling decoration exists where rooms are not heated in winter. If in such a private house the ceilings are decorated with wood or plasterboard, then in a damp and unheated room the coating will soon become unusable and begin to deteriorate. Therefore, if the house is used only in the summer, then it is best to cover the ceiling in a private house with a suspended structure. Plastic and PVC panels and suspended beam structures are also suitable.

You need to choose something like this facing covering that can withstand temperature changes. You can cover the ceiling of a private house with a stretched vinyl film. This coating does not deform when sub-zero temperatures and will withstand heat.

If Vacation home heated in cold weather, and they live there all year round, then wood will be the best finish for it. Wooden ceiling covering, at proper care behind the surface, will last a long time. In addition, this finish is safe, environmentally friendly and durable.

You can cover the ceiling of a private house with plasterboard. This coating allows you to hide almost any defects in the base surface. After installing the plasterboard sheets, additional finishing can be done. The surface can be painted, wallpapered, or decorated with plaster.

Low ceiling finishing

The ceilings of a country house are not always different great height. In many private buildings the ceiling height is low. To visually increase the height, you need to seriously consider the question of how to decorate a low ceiling in a private house.

• upon registration ceiling surface choose only light colors;
• you can use a glossy finish if a tension fabric is installed;
• When installing lamps in the coating, it is better to abandon bulky lighting fixtures with hanging mount. Such lamps visually reduce the area of ​​the room and take away the already small height of the ceilings;
• in the bedroom, to visually increase the height of the room, you can make a covering that differs in color from the entire ceiling.

Furniture is of great importance for rooms with low ceilings. So, if the ceiling decoration is done correctly, but the furniture is tall and massive, then there will be no height-increasing effect.

How to finish a wooden ceiling?

To decide on the choice of finishing materials for the ceiling of a private house made of wood, you need to take into account the features of the ceiling structure:

• floors wooden house lightweight, and made using beams;
• There is a space between the beams that is filled with insulating material. The insulated space is covered with finishing;
• a wooden house shrinks, which affects the ceiling covering.

Finish wooden ceiling in a private house, it is best to use wooden materials. Natural material combines with any style of a country house, will support optimal level temperature and humidity.

Important: when choosing wood for finishing ceilings, it is necessary to periodically treat the coating by special means, protecting from moisture.

If you install a wooden ceiling for the bathroom and kitchen, then there is a possibility of mold growth. In rooms with high humidity It’s better to avoid decorating ceilings with wood. Tension coverings are suitable for bathrooms in a wooden house.

Wooden covering

Wood lining is considered the most common type of cladding due to the following properties:

1. good noise insulating and heat insulating properties;
2. the ability to close ceiling defects;
3. no surface preparation required;
4. long service life if you properly care for the ceiling. It is necessary to periodically impregnate the material with a special composition;
5. quick installation;
6. suitable for any design solutions interior

The disadvantages of lining include the possibility of deformation during sudden temperature changes and flammability.

Typically, lining made of pine, linden, oak, and larch is used for ceilings.

Plasterboard finishing

Plasterboard finishing for the ceiling of a wooden house has the following advantages:

1. allows air to pass through well, eliminating the appearance of condensation on the surface;
2. the ability to hide defects and cover wiring with communications.

The disadvantages of plasterboard coating include the inability to attach directly to a wooden ceiling. You need to pre-mount the frame. After installation, additional work will be required. The surface is puttied and painted. You can cover the surface with wallpaper.

Conclusion

When choosing the material and method of fixing the ceiling for a private home, you need to take into account the height of the room, the presence of unevenness and surface defects. Lighting plays an important role, which also affects the visual increase or decrease in the height of the room.

When choosing a ceiling finish, you need to adhere to moderation color scheme. Top part premises should be combined with general style country house. Ceilings need to become real interior decoration private house.

New trends in ceiling design in a private home

Video on the topic

In any apartment, residents want to have their own unique renovation, which would bring not only style, but also comfort to the room. Therefore, the issue of finishing a home is very relevant, because a lot depends on what the walls and ceiling will be covered with. An incorrectly selected combination can destroy the carefully planned image and design of the apartment.

Thus, you should pay maximum attention to the materials used to decorate the ceilings in the apartment, because the result of the renovation will have to be enjoyed for more than one season. So what is popular and practical today?

Painting or whitewashing

It would seem that there is nothing easier than finishing the ceiling in an apartment with simple whitewash. However, there is definitely a catch. In this case, it's uneven ceiling, which you will definitely have to fight, because on a painted surface all the roughness will be even more noticeable.

Therefore, leveling work will have to begin. In addition, you cannot slightly improve the surface and abandon the matter once you start whitewashing: cracks and depressions will stand out strongly on the ceiling. Leveling is also bad because it is not only a difficult and time-consuming process, but also very dirty. All putty will fall from the ceiling onto the craftsman, or onto the floor around it, so before putting new laminate, it's worth dealing with opposite sex surface.

The best option The paint for the ceiling will be a water-based version, which can give the room a touch of solidity and completeness.

Wallpapering

If there were problems with the whitewashing, then there definitely shouldn’t be any problems with the wallpaper, because they will cover up the unevenness. However, not only will they not hide them, but they will also make them more obvious.

The following facts should be taken into account when working with wallpaper:

Ceiling paneling

Every year new ones appear in the apartment and now PVC modules seem commonplace. This is not surprising, because the material is easy to use, practical and attractive.

In general, polystyrene foam modules have plenty of advantages:

So, if you have chosen this option, you just need to select the desired pattern on the modules, purchase material and glue, and then feel free to get to work. Of course it's worth getting construction knife or at least scissors to cut the modules. In addition, a tape measure will also be very useful, but all this is a mandatory tool for any repair, so you should not focus on this.

In order to mount the module on the ceiling, you will need to apply glue evenly along the edges of the tile, as well as in its center. The undoubted advantage of the tile is that it covers small unevenness in the ceiling, which eliminates the need for thorough leveling of the surface. In addition, such finishing is easy to bring to the stage of completion, you just need to glue the plinth at the joints of the modules and walls at the end of the work.

Of course, the options for finishing the ceilings in the apartment can be more original, but PVC tiles it is very functional and durable, so when you just need to update the design a little or save money, this is one of the best options.

Suspended structures

If you want to create unique interior, then this option can be very attractive. Now there is not only a wide range of similar ceilings, but also a proven scheme for their installation, so there should be no problems during installation.

So, what other qualities do suspended ceilings have:

• These structures depend little on the flatness of the surface, as they are mounted on a frame.
• Thanks to the presence of the frame, between the ceiling and the surface a small space, in which you can hide wiring and lighting.
• They significantly “eat up” the height of the room, since the modules must be located on suspensions that are attached directly to the ceiling surface.
• The main materials are not only metals, but also drywall, polystyrene foam, mineral fiber and MDF. All this expands the possibilities and options for finishing ceilings in the apartment.

The most popular in this ceiling family are cassette options, which are a frame onto which special modules are attached. They are usually produced in white. The cheapest options do not have special characteristics, but you can order cassettes that are not afraid of moisture, germs and force, or those options that provide better sound insulation.

Finishing the ceiling in an apartment is easy and quick; in addition, dismantling is carried out at the same speed. Moreover, you can replace one panel with another without any extra effort.

Slatted suspended ceilings

Some types of ceiling finishing in an apartment suffer from the fact that such cladding cannot be used in extreme conditions kitchen or bathroom. However, this does not apply in any way to rack modules, which are not afraid of either cold or heat, and, in addition, moisture has no effect on them.

The installation of such a structure differs little from other suspended analogues. In the same way, the slats are attached to the pre-assembled frame using hooks. On the other hand, the modules can be placed directly on the ceiling. To do this, you will need a comb that will be fixed to the ceiling. The modules will be inserted into it and fixed with latches that are already located directly on it.

Thus, slatted ceilings are the only analogue among suspended structures that can be placed on the surface without stealing the height of your room.

Stretch ceiling

If it is implied modern finishing ceilings in the apartment, then tension option– exactly what lies behind this phrase. It is almost impossible to install it yourself, since special equipment is required for this, but, on the other hand, this particular cladding option should always be left to the craftsmen.

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Which ceiling is better to make in an apartment: solutions for rooms with different functionality

Greetings, comrades! In this article I want to touch on the topic of finishing ceilings - choosing one or another finishing method depending on the functions performed by the room and the finishing technology itself in each specific case. Let's get started.

Types of premises and ceiling requirements

Both in the apartment and in the house you can select rooms with different functionality:

• Living rooms (living rooms and bedrooms). They are characterized by constant humidity in the range of 60-90% and the absence of heavy contamination (soot, splashes, etc.). Attractive design ceiling, the presence of lighting or spot lighting is welcome;

• A bathroom (or separate toilet and bathroom), as well as a kitchen. It is not for nothing that they are combined into general group: they are characterized by frequent fluctuations in humidity and high probability of contamination ceilings (in the kitchen - soot and splashes of grease, in the bathroom or bathroom - splashes of shampoos, scrubs and limescale streaks remaining from drops of water). Aesthetics are in demand here too;

Therefore, the ceiling decoration should combine an attractive appearance with low hygroscopicity and resistance to cleaning (read: wet abrasion).

• Technical rooms (storage room, home workshop, and in a private house - boiler room and laundry room), on the contrary, are undemanding in terms of the appearance of the finish and do not impose any special requirements on the strength, wear resistance and water resistance of the ceiling covering.

Materials

So, what types of ceilings in an apartment or house are suitable for each of the listed types of premises?

Living rooms

For a small bedroom in a private house (primarily in a log house or frame structure) a wooden ceiling assembled from pine lining over lathing is ideal. The smell of wood will create an incomparable atmosphere of comfort. In addition, phytoncides released by fresh wood are considered an excellent means of preventing respiratory diseases, help cure colds and generally increase immunity.

How to decorate the ceiling in the living room or studio? Inexpensive and universal solution— plasterboard over a galvanized profile frame. It allows you to hide the differences in the panel ceiling and create as complex as you like. multi-level structures, capable of hiding boxes, soffits or lighting.

Stretch ceilings in an apartment are especially beneficial when there is a small distance between the floor and the ceiling. Standard height The ceilings in Khrushchev or Brezhnevka buildings are only 2.5 meters, which is already quite small for a person above average height.

The frame of any suspended structure further reduces this height by at least 5 - 7 centimeters, but a canvas made of polyester or PVC film can be stretched to minimum distance from the ceiling.

Which stretch ceilings are better - fabric or film? Comrades, it is difficult to give a definite answer here. The pros and cons of both types of suspended ceilings have been discussed many times in review articles and on thematic forums, so I will only mention the key properties of both solutions:

• Fabric ceiling much more resistant to accidental mechanical damage, while a thin vinyl film can be broken even by a cork from a festive champagne that shoots up;
• On the other hand, in a low room glossy ceiling visually increases its apparent volume due to the translucent reflection above the head: the ceiling seems much higher. And gloss is precisely vinyl film. A fabric ceiling can only have a matte or “satin” texture.

If there is a catastrophic lack of height in the room, the only option for finishing the flow is plastering it (or, if the unevenness in the ceiling is small, puttying). Yes, complex design delights are impossible here, but the room will hardly lose any height.

Some finishes I strongly recommend I do not advise use in living rooms. Not only because they are impractical, but also for purely aesthetic reasons:

• Slatted suspended ceilings and modular systems(Armstrong and others like them) make an already low room visually more cramped and give it the appearance of a standard office from the 90s;

• Foam and polystyrene ceiling tiles will give the room a frankly “collective farm” look. Even with a perfectly even sticker, it looks dull and boring;

• For the same reason, you should not glue wallpaper to the ceiling. Let's leave this “collective farm style” to the bygone 90s;

• Glass and mirrored suspended ceilings are unsafe: by accident broken glass quite capable of peppering everyone who stands on the floor under him with shrapnel.

Bathrooms, kitchens

A stretch ceiling would be appropriate in this case as well, but not just any one, but again made from vinyl film. Unlike fabric, if necessary, it can be easily washed from grease, traces of splashes and soot using soapy water or any household cleaning products. detergents(except, of course, abrasive ones).

The film ceiling is waterproof and, if flooded from above, can retain several tens of liters of water. In the future, it can be drained through any hole for the lamp.

Alternative stretch film- suspended ceiling made of plastic wall panels. It is also easy to clean using household detergents, and, unlike suspended ones, without any risk of accidental damage: the panels are only afraid of strong impacts and significant deforming loads.

Hanging plasterboard structures in use here too: they are useful because they allow you to conceal ventilation and install spotlights that provide maximum illumination with a complete absence of shadows.

The last property is useful, first of all, to the fair half of the family. Shadows interfere with makeup application, while even lighting from multiple light sources allows you to pay attention to the smallest details of your appearance.

If the average ceiling height in the bathroom and toilet is 2.4 meters or even less, losing a few centimeters of distance from the floor to the ceiling is highly undesirable. The only sensible solution is a plaster ceiling.

What about the requirements for resistance to wet abrasion? Is it possible to wash the surface of gypsum board or plaster?

Calm, just calm. It all depends on how this surface is painted.

And how to paint drywall or plaster to make it washable?

"Rubber" water-dispersion paint. Personally tested: it withstands not only wet wear when cleaning with a sponge with “Whiteness” or a solution laundry soap, but even a long-term acquaintance with cat claws (painted wall near a litter tray) and abrasion from shoes (plywood street stairs).

Technical buildings

The options for finishing ceilings in technical rooms are not very diverse: as a rule, slab or monolithic ceiling stupidly painted white. The seams of the slab floor are reinforced with fiberglass mesh and puttied to prevent cracks from appearing.

How are ceilings whitened in boiler rooms or home workshops? Along with water-based paints on acrylic, latex or silicate based, here the lime familiar to the apartments of our childhood is often used. It is attractive not only because it is cheap: lime is a natural antiseptic that helps clean and disinfect the air.

Finishing technique

Now let’s talk about how ceilings are finished in an apartment or house in each specific case.

Wooden lining

Assembling a lining ceiling begins with installing the sheathing. The pitch between its elements is 60-80 cm, the direction is perpendicular to the lining, the material is a bar with a cross-section of at least 40x40 mm or galvanized profiles for gypsum boards (ceiling CD and ceiling guide UD).

To install profiles to the ceiling, direct hangers are used. They can also be used to level wooden sheathing if the floor has significant unevenness. If the differences in the overlap are small, the sheathing made of the block is attached with dowel screws directly to it or through linings made of any available material.

The first board of the lining is attached with a groove to the wall. Fasteners - self-tapping screws (they can be used with wooden or metal sheathing) or nails with sharp tips bitten off with pliers (for lumber sheathing). A blunt nail crushes the wood fibers rather than splitting them, which prevents damage to the lining.

Holes in the lining for self-tapping screws must be drilled with the same diameter as their thread. This precaution serves the same purpose - to prevent the fastener from splitting the board along the grain.

On the wall side, the lining board is fastened with a self-tapping screw or nail passing through it at a minimum distance from the wall. The fasteners will later be hidden under the ceiling plinth. On the other side, the board is attached obliquely into a tenon; here the fasteners will go into the groove of the next board.

An alternative way to fasten the lining is with galvanized clamps. Kleimer presses the tenon to the sheathing and disappears into the groove of the next board.

The last board is cut to width and again attached at a minimum distance from the wall. The fastener is closed with a wooden baguette, which is easiest to fasten with liquid nails or silicone sealant with additional fixation to the lining with nails without heads.

When hammering them in, use a hammer (for example, a dowel under mounting gun with a ground sharp tip). The finisher will not let you crush the baguette with an accidental blow of the hammer.

What should be used to make the flashings between the ends of the lining joined along the length? Their slats are 3 - 4 cm wide and 1 cm thick. The slats are sanded and attached in the same way as a baguette.

Drywall

What is the best way to make a suspended ceiling from gypsum plasterboard?

As a frame, a set of CD, UD profiles and direct hangers, already familiar to us from lining, is used.

For the simplest single-level ceiling, it is assembled like this:

1. On the walls, the bottom line of the frame is marked using a level (preferably a laser or water level);
2. Along this line, the UD profile is attached with dowel screws in half-meter increments;
3. Parallel to the shorter wall of the room, the attachment lines for the CD profiles are marked on the ceiling. The step between their axes should be exactly 60 centimeters: then the seams between adjacent sheets of drywall (let me remind you, their width is 120 centimeters) will fall exactly in the middle of the profile;

The standard size of a plasterboard sheet is 2.5x1.2 meters. One of the sizes must be a multiple of the sheathing pitch.

1. According to the markings, in increments of the same 0.6 meters, direct hangers are screwed to the ceiling with dowel screws;
2. The CDs are cut to length and inserted into the guides, and then pulled to the ceiling by the curved ears of the hangers;

If the width of the room exceeds the length of the profile (3 or 4 meters), straight connectors (“crabs”) are used to splice CDs.

1. Several cords or threads are stretched between the guides across the sheathing, which will be used to align the sheathing in one plane;
2. The CDs are one by one freed from the bent hangers and lowered to the level of the stretched cords, after which the ears of the hangers are screwed to the side walls of the profile using metal screws 9 mm long;

1. The free part of the hangers is bent upward.

For ceiling cladding, 9 mm thick ceiling gypsum plasterboard is usually used. The sheet needs to be lifted and secured by at least two people. For fastening, 25 mm long plasterboard screws are used, which are screwed in with a screwdriver in increments of 15-20 cm along each profile (including guides).

The head of the self-tapping screw sinks about a millimeter and is subsequently hidden under a layer of putty. You need to screw in the screws no closer than 2 cm from the edge of the sheet, otherwise the edge of the gypsum board may crumble.

After last page fixed, the seams between adjacent edges are reinforced with serpyanka (strips of self-adhesive fiberglass mesh) and puttied with gypsum putty. You will have to putty the seams and screw heads two or three times to compensate for the shrinkage of the putty when setting. After puttying, the ceiling is sanded, swept away from dust and primed with penetrating acrylic primer for painting.

How to make a multi-level ceiling? Here are some solutions:

• Along with straight ones, when installing the frame, use adjustable hangers that allow you to choose the distance from the ceiling to the sheathing;
• Use the CW profile as rigid posts between the sheathing and the ceiling;
• Combine suspended plasterboard and plaster ceilings. In this case, the loss of room height will be minimal.

The lower level will be formed by plasterboard on the frame, the upper level will be formed by plastered floor slabs.

Tension fabric

How are PVC stretch ceilings installed?

1. Along the perimeter of the room, at a minimum distance from the ceiling, a baguette is attached - a profile onto which the canvas will be stretched. The pitch between the attachment points does not exceed 25 cm. The most common harpoon profile, fixing the film inserted into the groove with a rigid harpoon welded to it;

1. The air in the room is heated to a temperature of about 70 C using a gas heat gun;

1. The heated canvas is stretched and inserted with its edges into the groove of the baguette;
2. The groove is covered with a flexible vinyl strip or ceiling plinth.

Plastic or polyurethane ceiling plinth attaches only to walls. There is a gap between it and the tension flow web. This gap can be used to accommodate hidden backlight ceiling LED strip.

The mount deserves special mention tension fabric to the multi-level frame plasterboard ceiling. In this case, the frame must be reinforced with bevels, since the tension force of the web after cooling reaches 60-70 kgf per linear meter.

Plastering

To level the ceiling in living rooms, gypsum-based plasters and putties are currently used. They differ from pure gypsum primarily in the setting time: it is increased from 3-5 minutes to 30.

Of the mixtures tested, the most pleasant impressions were made by HP Start plaster and ABS Saten putty. They do not clump when mixed, and Saten is additionally attractive due to its long life after mixing - up to 45 minutes.

Repairing the ceiling in an apartment using gypsum mixtures begins with stripping it of old coatings - cement plaster and whitewashing. To remove them, use a hard steel spatula; The plaster should also be tapped with a light pick or hammer.

To ensure that cleaning the ceiling is not accompanied by clouds of dust, first soak old finishing, 2-3 times at intervals of a quarter of an hour, moistening it generously with water using a brush or spray.

The next stage is treating the overlap with a primer (acrylic strengthening primer). It will strengthen the base and stick to it any remaining dust that can affect the adhesion of the ceiling to the finishing layer.

If the ceiling is plastered over the entire area, it needs continuous reinforcement. How to paste it over as a base for plaster? Fiberglass mesh with a mesh size of about 2 mm; it is glued directly to the plaster, pressing it into it with a spatula.

Plan “B”: the mesh is pressed against the ceiling and covered with a layer of plaster.

The technique for applying gypsum mixtures is spreading. To apply plaster, it seems to me that it is most convenient to use a rectangular spatula; For puttying, use a regular steel spatula with a width of at least 30 centimeters.

If the ceiling is significantly uneven, it is more convenient to plaster it using beacons. The outer beacon profiles are leveled, the intermediate ones - along the threads stretched between the outer beacons. It is convenient to use to attach them building gypsum, setting in a few minutes.

The step between the beacons should be less than the length of the rule at your disposal. The plaster is spread on the ceiling, after which its excess is removed as a rule and can be used for the next section of the surface.

Panels

If installing suspended ceilings requires some skill and quite expensive equipment (at least a gas heat gun and a cylinder), then a suspended ceiling from panels is easy to assemble with your own hands.

As its basis, a frame made of galvanized profile is used, completely identical to the lathing intended for plasterboard. The only difference is the pitch between the ceiling profiles: it should be reduced to 40-50 centimeters to avoid the panels sagging under their own weight.

The frame for the ceiling made of panels is the same as for plasterboard. Only the step between the profiles has been reduced.

The panels are attached to the frame profiles with metal screws 9 mm long, screwed into the tenon using a screwdriver. The panel adjacent to the wall is screwed all the way through at a minimum distance from the wall. As in the case wooden lining, the fasteners are covered with a ceiling plinth.

It is most convenient to glue the foam plinth on acrylic putty: its viscosity will prevent the baguette from sliding down the wall. The same putty is used to fill gaps between the baseboard and uneven walls.

This fastening method ceiling molding applicable to all types of suspended, suspended and plaster ceilings.

Problems and their solutions

Among the problems that every owner of his own home faces is not only the decoration of the apartment, but also its Maintenance. Let me give you some advice on how to do some DIY repairs on some types of ceilings:

• What to do if your ceiling has collapsed in the area of ​​the seam between the floor panels?

Minor repairs can be performed as follows:

1. Clean the peeling plaster and whitewash around the defect;
2. Process the whole ceiling acrylic primer. It will glue the layers of finishing and prevent its further destruction;
3. Level the defect with gypsum putty, placing a reinforcing fiberglass mesh under it;
4. Level the defect area by sanding;

1. Paint the ceiling throughout the entire area. Partial painting will make the color stand out.

• How to repair a sagging ceiling made of plastic panels?

1. Remove the baguette and panels;
2. Install additional (intermediate) parallel to the old sheathing ceiling profiles. Cause of sagging - only in a large step between the sheathing elements. It should not exceed 50 cm;
3. Hem the panels again, making sure to fix them to each profile.

• How to repair accidental damage in a plasterboard ceiling?

1. Cut out a patch from a sheet of drywall with a width slightly smaller than the defect, and a length exceeding its size by at least 10 centimeters;
2. Screw a self-tapping screw into the center of the patch;
3. Tie it with rope;
4. Apply strips of PVA glue to the underside of the patch along its edges, liquid nails or silicone;
5. Place the patch into the gap and pull it by the rope to the back surface of the drywall sheet;
6. After the glue has set, fill the gap with gypsum finishing putty.

Conclusion

I hope that my simple tips will help the dear reader in decorating and repairing ceilings. Additional information can be found in the video attached to the article. Feel free to comment on it and share your own experience. Good luck, comrades!

November 2, 2016

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