What heating to choose for a private house or cottage? When choosing a particular heating method for a private home, we are guided by a number of factors, among which the most significant are:

1. The financial component, which includes the cost of installation, maintenance, operation and fuel.
2. Possibility of accumulation of heating material.
3. Possibility of application alternative options heating (during a power outage, interruptions in gas supply, etc.).

The optimal combination of the above factors allows us to identify the most efficient heating that can be used in each specific case to heat a private home.

Which heating to choose for country house? In order for every reader to find the answer to this question, we will briefly describe the most common and effective schemes heating system devices.

Water heating

This type of heating belongs to the category of the simplest and most reliable. The operating principle of water heating is based on heating water using a boiler and its subsequent distribution to room radiators thanks to a piping system.

Usage circulation pump ensures constant circulation of water in this closed system. The coolant in a water heating system is usually water or antifreeze, and the boiler can operate on coal, wood, natural gas, kerosene and other types of fuel.

Water heating includes the following main elements: boiler, pipelines, batteries, expansion tank, circulation pump, pressure gauges, shut-off valves, automatic air vents, safety valves.

Pipelines used for water heating can be made of various materials:

1. Steel.
2. Copper.
3. Polymer materials.

Steel pipelines, unlike stainless or galvanized ones, are characterized by low corrosion resistance. Copper pipelines are highly reliable and can withstand high temperatures and pressures.

Pipelines made from polymer materials, are quite durable, eliminate the formation of sediment on internal surfaces, are highly resistant to corrosion.

Their disadvantage is the presence of a large coefficient of thermal expansion, which contributes to the formation of leaks.

Thus, the most efficient water heating of a cottage or private house can be achieved using copper pipelines. This opinion is shared by the vast majority of experts.

The only drawback of pipelines made of copper is their comparative high cost, which is compensated by their absolute reliability and ability to last for several generations.

Water heating scheme. Click to enlarge.

Indoor piping can be done using single-pipe, double-pipe or manifold.

Single-pipe wiring does not allow full control of the performance of the entire system due to the impossibility of blocking access of the coolant to one of the radiators.

The option using a two-pipe system is the most effective (for individual houses) heating, allowing free adjustment of the temperature inside each room.

This type of wiring involves supplying cold and hot pipelines to each radiator. The distribution of pipelines can be carried out in a star-shape or in the form of a “loop”.

Manifold wiring involves connecting supply and return pipelines to each heating device from a common manifold.

Manifold systems are characterized by a high degree of versatility due to ease of installation and adjustment, and the ability to replace damaged areas pipelines (without destroying the floor structure).

Which heating is better (single-circuit, double-circuit or collector) for a country house? The answer is obvious - two-pipe and collector.

Air heating

Air heating of a private house can be arranged according to the gravitational principle (air movement is carried out due to temperature differences due to natural circulation) or due to forced circulation(air movement is possible due to the operation of a fan equipped with an electric drive).

This heating scheme allows you to heat rooms without the main elements used in a water heating system (boilers, radiators, pipelines, etc.).

Air heating heats rooms by supplying air heated to the required temperature.

Air heating scheme. Click to enlarge.

The main element of a fully automatic system (the best heating is the most automated) is a heat generator, which can be mobile or stationary.

The fuel (gas, kerosene or diesel) burned in the combustion chamber heats cold air, moving upward under the influence of a fan. The heated air is then directed to the heat exchanger, where partial mixing with street air can occur.

Using air ducts, heated air is directed directly into the rooms, ensuring their uniform heating.

The circulation necessary for the functioning of the system is established by returning air to the heat generator through the floor grilles. What is the most efficient air heating for a country house?

The efficiency of air heating is directly influenced by air ducts, which can have various design features:

1. Round or rectangular.
2. Rigid or flexible.
3. Metal (black and galvanized steel, copper, aluminum) or non-metal (plastic, textile).

Isolation of passing through unheated premises or pipelines adjacent to the outer walls is one of the ways to arrange more efficient heating of any cottage or house.

Electric heating

Various electric heating options are successfully used to heat private houses of various sizes:

1. Electric convectors.
2. Infrared ceiling long-wave heaters.
3. Film and cable systems for heating ceilings and floors.

The best electric heating for a country house is a system based on the use of electric convectors, which has gained the greatest popularity and distribution in low-rise construction, especially suburban ones.

The structure of an electric convector. Click to enlarge.

The operating principle of these devices is based on the phenomenon of air convection. Thanks to convection, heat transfer by air is ensured (up to 80%).

Convectors heat cold air through the operation of special heating elements made of conductive components. The heated air increases in size and rises through the louvers of the outlet grille.

Additional heating of the air is carried out due to heat radiation carried out directly from the surface of the electric convector.

The principle of using convectors for heating. Click to enlarge.

Electric convectors are the best heating (or one of the best) for a private home, inferior to gas only in operating costs, but superior in terms of safety and reliability.

The control units for these devices are equipped special protection from overheating, and the devices themselves have low sensitivity to voltage changes in the electrical network.

How to choose the type of heating

How to choose one type of heating or another? Which heating is more economical and profitable?

Many years of experience in building private houses and installing various heat supply systems suggests that the choice depends on the characteristics specific house(availability of fuel, distance from settlements, financial opportunities etc.).

Any schemes have their own positive traits and some disadvantages. Which heating is better: water, air, electric or stove, for example? For each individual case there is a single answer to the question posed.

When arranging a private home, sooner or later the question of choosing a heating system scheme arises. Today there are so many of them that an inexperienced person can get confused and choose the wrong thing. Installers often recommend what is profitable for them to install. But since you came to this page, choosing a system in your home will be much easier. First, we will share the main varieties, and at the very end we will share our opinion and choice of heating scheme for the house.

Any type of heating system is closed. IN simple version any wiring diagram can be considered as a ring consisting of pipes. It circulates hot liquid from the heating boiler to the heating devices, remaining in them for some time. The coolant releases during circulation thermal energy, and is again sent inside the boiler for heating. The cycle repeats periodically.

Any heating scheme includes:

• Heating boiler
• Connecting system pipes
• Radiators or similar heating devices
• Armature
• Circulation pump

Basic types of heating schemes

All types of schemes can be divided into 4 subtypes: open and closed, pump and gravity.

In a private home(system with natural circulation) the movement of the coolant occurs through natural circulation. By following simple laws of physics, the system is installed in such a way that it does not require an additional pump. Well suited for small one-story houses

In a forced scheme water heating of a private house occurs due to the action of a circulation pump. When using such a system, pipes can be mounted in walls, in the floor, along the ceiling, and hidden from human eyes. At correct selection The water heating pump will work successfully. Such wiring schemes are great for two-story houses.

Open system from closed differ in the expansion tank. In a closed system it is used membrane tank. It allows you to support the system required pressure and compensates for the expansion of the coolant.

Now let's look at each scheme in more detail.

Gravity heating system, advantages and disadvantages

In this type of heating system for a private house, hot water, heated inside the boiler (usually solid fuel), moves upward, after which it ends up in heating batteries. From them heat goes into the room and again goes into return pipeline. From it it already goes into the heating boiler. The constant movement of heated water is ensured by the necessary inclination of the supply (direct) pipeline and return, as well as the use of pipes various diameters. For the supply from the boiler, pipes of a smaller diameter are used, and for the return, the pipeline in which water is directed to the boiler, a larger one.

The gravity-flow wiring diagram for the water heating system of a private house has a specific device in the form of an open expansion tank connected to the outside space, mounted at the top of the pipeline. The tank is intended to take part of the water when it is heated, since this process is accompanied by an increase in the volume of coolant. Expansion tank, filled with water, creates hydraulic pressure in the heating system, necessary for fluid movement.

As water cools, its volume decreases. Some of the liquid from the open tank again enters the pipeline system. This ensures the necessary continuity of water flow circulation.

A gravity heating system has the following advantages:

• Uniform distribution of thermal energy
• Sustained action
• Autonomy from power grids

A gravity heating system also has disadvantages:

• Difficult installation. The slope angle of the pipelines must be observed
• Significant length of pipes
• The need to use pipes of different sizes
• Inertial system. It reduces the degree of control of the heating process
• The need to heat water to a relatively high temperature, which limits the use of p
• Significant volume of pipeline
• Inability to connect

Heating circuit with pump

In private residential buildings A heating circuit with forced water movement is often used. This is ensured by the action of a circulation pump connected to the electrical network. In this heating distribution system, it is possible to use any materials for pipes, for example, polypropylene. Also applicable different ways installation of heating devices.

Heating circuits with forced water movement are equipped with a membrane type. It can be installed in any part of the system, but is more often installed near the boiler. Accordingly, heating systems with forced movement of coolant are often called closed.

Single-pipe heating circuit

As a rule, this system wiring diagram is used in private one-story houses and is characterized by easy installation, low labor costs and low cost. Radiators are connected to the heating pipe in series. There is no provision for waste coolant removal. This water heating scheme has many disadvantages when heating a private house:

• loss of thermal energy - each subsequent heating device will heat up less than the previous one;
• the inability to regulate the heating intensity in one room without similar consequences for the rest. By reducing the temperature in one of the radiators, all subsequent radiators will inevitably cool down;
• the need to additionally equip the heating system with a pump to maintain operating pressure in it.

There are technological methods that can be used to partially get rid of these problems. You can improve the operation of a single-pipe wiring diagram using special equipment: thermostatic valves, radiator regulators, air vents, balancing valves. Their use will slightly increase the cost of installation, but will allow the temperature in one of the radiators to be lowered or lowered without undesirable temperature changes in the remaining heating devices.

Two-pipe heating scheme

This water heating system is widely used in houses of any number of floors. Its peculiarity is that water is supplied to the radiator through one pipe, and drained through another. The heat exchangers are connected to the heating system not in series, but in parallel.

Main advantages:

• coolant with the same temperature is supplied to each radiator;
• it becomes possible to install a thermostat on radiators to set the desired temperature in each individual room;
• disconnection or malfunction of one of the batteries will not affect the operation of the others.

The system has a number of disadvantages. Its installation requires a large number of pipes and connecting elements, which leads to an increased degree of complexity of installation work and a higher cost of the entire water heating system.

Heating scheme with heated floors

Heated floors provide horizontal thermal radiation, maintaining a higher temperature at foot level and reducing it to a comfortable level at higher altitudes. In areas with warm climates, the circuit can be used as the only source of heat. In northern latitudes it must be combined with the installation of a radiator heating system.

Structurally, the underfloor heating system is a network of pipelines. Heating can be done from any heat sources.

System advantages:

• uniform distribution of heat throughout the entire volume of the room;
• improving the aesthetic appearance of the room due to the absence of pipes and radiators.

Gravity system "Spider"

The vertical heating circuit of a private house with a top spill without the use of a circulation pump is called “Spider”. The main advantage is complete autonomy from gas or electricity, which is especially in demand in rural areas or in holiday villages. In the circuit, the coolant moves due to the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of the heating device. In the absence of gas and electricity, it is best to use a solid fuel boiler.

The operating principle of the “Spider” is based on the laws of physics - hot water rushes upward, displacing cold water downward. As a result of heating, the water rises from the boiler along the riser to the radiator, gives it part of its thermal energy and moves to the next one until it returns back to the boiler. The functioning of the system depends on the accurate selection of pipes and compliance with slopes. Water intake must be carried out above the level of the heat exchangers. The boiler should be located lower. The main disadvantage of the scheme can be considered quite complex installation work.

Scheme "Leningradka"

“Leningradka” is one of the simplest, but nevertheless quite effective and economical heating schemes wiring of a private house. It is similar to a single-pipe scheme, that is, the coolant sequentially passes through all the radiators of the room, gradually losing its heating temperature. The main pipe is placed along the floor and loops the circuit from the heating device. It is best to use Leningradka in one-story houses so that all batteries are on the same level. In this case, the system can operate with natural circulation, but when installed in two-story houses must be applied forced submission coolant.

The advantages of this scheme are:

• economical consumption of materials;
• easy installation;
• long-term reliable operation;
• the ability to hide the main pipe under the floor covering to improve the aesthetics of the interior.

Leningradka" is not without significant drawbacks:

• inability to maintain the same temperature regime in all rooms;
• horizontal wiring does not allow connecting heated floors or heated towel rails;
• big square room requires the use of a circulation pump to ensure operating pressure in the system.

Radiant heating scheme

The radial water heating wiring diagram is newfangled. When using it, hot water is evenly distributed throughout the room through the collector. The degree of heating of the home is regulated by changing the heating of the water and the speed of its movement through the pipes.

It is an improved version of the two-pipe circuit. To distribute the coolant, the same collector is used as in a warm field.

The main advantages of the beam wiring scheme include:

• Jointlessness. There are no joints inside the screed. The likelihood of leakage is significantly reduced
• The ability to turn off each device individually on the collector without harming the entire system

The only drawback is the price. Due to the use of a collector and an additional number of pipes, the price of the system also increases.

Which scheme should you choose?

Let's decide right away about single-pipe and gravity-flow systems. If you live in a modern metropolis or close to it, if everything is in order with energy resources (with light in the first place), if you do not need to save much, then do not consider these schemes.

They appeared at a time when electricity was bad, and they were also absent different kinds pipes We had to use metal. Now everything has changed and these systems have become obsolete.

Gravity flow schemes can be implemented in houses remote from civilization. For example, at your dacha.

If you want to use a radiator system in a private house, then best choice there will be a two-pipe dead-end heating circuit or a radiant one. Both systems operate almost identically. They differ only in implementation.

Before using a water heated floor, you should calculate the heat loss at home. They will help you understand whether it will be enough as the main heating or whether you will have to use radiators as well.

A pressing issue for owners of country houses and dachas is the question of the best heating for a private home. It is often difficult to decide on the heating option: electric, gas, water, air. This is due to the efficiency, as well as to the fact that it is more economical and expedient to install. I also often worry about the question of which heating devices to choose: radiators, convectors, heated floors or anything else. Let's look at each question in detail.

One of the most inexpensive options is gas heating, but provided that to your land plot gas supplied. At gas heating there is no dust, no dirt and soot. A gas boiler should be selected depending on the heated area. Boilers come in low, medium and high power. Gas boilers are equipped with devices that ensure safe operation. But there is always a danger of explosion if used incorrectly, or gas poisoning.

For residents of Russia, gas is the best option heating a private house in mind itself affordable price. An important factor when installing a gas facility is a large number of permitting documentation.

Electric heating

The advantage of an electric boiler is ease of installation and a small number of permitting documents. This boiler practically does not require maintenance. Electric heating Suitable for areas where there is no possibility of supplying natural gas.

Electric heating is an environmentally friendly form of energy. It can be done using infrared heaters, using electric heated floors, using oil heaters, electric boilers different designs. To convert electrical energy into heat, electric convectors are usually used for private houses. This is usually a metal case in which it is mounted a heating element, heating the air inside the housing.

Warm heated air rising upward heats the room. Convectors are equipped with a temperature sensor. These devices are quite expensive, and the level of electricity consumption is quite high. When heating a large area, it is not advisable to use them. The water heating system using electric heating elements does not differ from systems that use boilers running on other types of fuel.

Electricity will be better heating a private house, if the house is small, if you have nightly electricity tariffs, if there is no gas and there is no desire to heat it with coal.

Air heating

A house where air heating is practiced can boast of the absence of condensation on the glass, damp stains on the walls and non-bubbling wallpaper. The formation of swelling on the wallpaper occurs as a result of the formation of condensation from the air.

Due to the uniform heating of the air, air heating is the best option for heating massive rooms with large internal volumes.

Water heating pros and cons

Water heating devices play a role or. The closed cycle system does not require the consumption of additional water. This option reduces the amount of energy spent on “heating the street.” Water heating concepts do not trap dust inside or spread dust into the home. Don't forget that heating your home with water heaters is a long process.

Why is water heating the best option?

Any heating system has its own coolant. Of all those considered, water is the most rational for heating a private home. The reason for using water as a heating medium is the smooth and uniform distribution of heat throughout the heated room, as well as simplicity in design, reliability and stability of operation.

Pros and cons of solid fuel heating boilers

Solid fuel boilers use solid fuel: fuel briquettes, pellets, firewood, coal. They have relatively low heat transfer. In order to properly heat a large house, you need to spend a large amount of fuel and your own efforts. In this situation, the fuel will burn quite quickly in two to four hours.

On this moment time there are boilers long burning. Fuel can be loaded into them twice a day, or even once every 30 hours. But these boilers also have their drawbacks, for example, low efficiency (70%).

There will also be a need for auxiliary devices - this is the arrangement of additional traction in some cases or a heat accumulator. Don’t forget about the positive components of solid fuel boilers. They work on all types of solid fuel and anything that can burn. It is not difficult to obtain such fuel at a reasonable price. Solid fuel heating is the best in areas where civilization has not reached and gas supply will not be available soon. And if on top of everything you have a big house.

What is the best way to heat?

There are as many opinions about how to heat a house as there are people. Some people prefer to heat with electricity, some with gas, and others with coal. Let's consider each option.

Coal used in areas where there is no gas pipeline or as a backup type of heating. When burned, coal emits a large amount of smoke and soot. He has low level humidity. This property ensures the release of high temperature. Due to the use of coal, the room becomes very dirty, and it is also necessary to have a place to store fuel. It is necessary to periodically maintain the combustion process by adding a new batch of coal into the boiler and cleaning the boiler itself.

Electricity- an expensive service for heating large areas. It can be used in small rooms and compact premises. In our regions there are often power outages, and therefore, despite the variety of electric heater installations (from infrared emitters to boilers and electric boilers), there is a risk of being left not just without light for an indefinite period, but also in a cold house.

Gas is the best and most popular option for heating a private home, for all types of areas and houses, since it completely warms up the space.

Radiators or water convectors, which is better?

Convectors are based on the principle of heating a room through air flow. It heats up as it passes through the body of the heating installation. In turn, radiators heat the room by radiating heat from the surface body.

Radiators have gained great popularity. Their operating principle can be compared to the operation of a Russian stove.

Convectors are heating panels; they heat a space using the movement of cold and warm air masses. The convector includes a pipe in which the coolant is located. The pipe is framed by ribs, plates that heat the surrounding space. The plates are often made of copper or steel. Convectors are divided into external and built-in. The first type of convectors is mounted on the wall, the second can be mounted along the floor or wall. Convectors also include warm baseboards. This device an excellent solution for people who do not want to depend on state heating systems.

Convectors are used as additional and main heating; they are especially indispensable in places where standard radiators are not used. For example, built-in convectors in the floor are also located along sliding doors and glass walls.
Convectors heat a room much faster and cool it down faster. The devices are durable in use.

If it is better for you when heating a private house when the room warms up faster and more evenly, then install convectors. The most common options are (60% convection) or copper-aluminum (90% convection). If these points are not important, then install regular radiators.

Water heated floors

Water floors guarantee a comfortable stay in the room. A water heated floor is a rather complicated design, but it is cost-effective due to its convenience and coziness. Installation of such a structure costs a pretty penny, but is popular due to its low operating costs. Under flooring Pipes are laid and heated water circulates through them. A pump is required for proper circulation. The heating option is very suitable for country houses large area in which there is no connection central heating. In this situation, purchasing and installing a water floor will cost less than purchasing and installing electrical system heating (due to electricity prices).

Which radiator heating is better?

There are many radiator heating systems for private homes. They can be conditionally divided according to the following criteria:

With natural circulation

• Single pipe system
• Spider system
• Leningradka
• Moscow

With forced circulation

• Single-pipe
• Two-pipe (tee)
• Radial

Gravity systems are inferior in all respects to forced ones in heating a house. They should only be considered when there are serious problems with light. In other cases, choose a two-pipe or radiator radiator system. These systems are easy to balance and distribute heat more evenly across heating appliances.

Which heated floors to choose?

There are two types of warm floors:

• Electrical
• Mermen

Electric ones should be used if you need to cover small areas. In other cases, pay attention to heating a private house with water floors.

In the future, heating with water floors will be cheaper, since you will not depend on electricity and will always be able to change the heating source of the coolant.

What kind of heating for a private home should you choose in the end?

Most developers choose water heating systems for home heating. These are either radiators or water heated floors.

Choose better system It's quite difficult between them. Both systems do their job perfectly.

If you want your heating devices to not take up extra space, then opt for underfloor heating. This system will distribute heat more evenly throughout the room.

If you don’t like the heated floor or it doesn’t allow for heat loss, then you can install a two-pipe or radiator radiator system. The radial one is a little more expensive than the two-pipe one, but it is also more advanced.

In any case, the question of choosing heating for a home is the individual preferences of each person.

You can watch a detailed comparison of heated floors with radiators in our video:

Construction is always accompanied by a choice of how to arrange heating for a new home. A single-pipe or two-pipe heating system is used depending on the tasks and structural features. The decision requires a detailed understanding of which heating system is best suited.

In such a system, one pipe is used to circulate the coolant. Several advantages of this type:

• Lower costs for the material used;
• Simplified and quick installation;
• Hydraulic stability;
• Simple installation diagram;
• Less amount of coolant used, making it easier to drain the system.

The single-circuit heat supply design provides primary cost savings. The number of pipes, connections, risers and jumpers is significantly less than when installing two-pipe heating.

Flaws single pipe system heating:

• Large heat loss on the way to distant radiators. The latter, as a consequence, require volumetric increase to achieve comfortable temperature premises. The reason for the decrease in their heating lies in the exchange hot water with cold in every heating device standing in the way;
• Inability to regulate the temperature of individual batteries. Reducing the supply in one leads to the cooling of all subsequent ones;
• Requires high water pressure. The load on the pumps and the entire system as a whole increases. Leaks are becoming more frequent and the circuit requires constant replenishment of the coolant.

Important! The single-circuit circuit is extremely sensitive to low temperatures. When the slightest section of the coolant path freezes, the entire heat supply is blocked. At the same time, detecting a frozen element is extremely difficult, and delay in eliminating the problem leads to freezing of the entire circuit.

Advantages and disadvantages of a two-pipe system

H2_2

Comparing heating systems is impossible without reviewing a two-pipe system. The design feature is the use of two various pipes for supplying hot water and draining cold water from radiators.

Heat losses along the route of the coolant are insignificant, which saves fuel. The dual-circuit circuit allows you to freely regulate the heating of each individual battery or turn them off.

The disadvantages of a two-pipe heating system are minor. The circuit diagram is more complex, requires more installation costs and more time. However, it pays off thanks to good practical qualities.

Fact! The double-circuit design is not afraid of freezing of individual areas, and they do not block the rest heating devices, participating in heat exchange. Affected areas are easy to detect tactilely.

Other types of heating circuits

The three-pipe system consists of two supply pipes and one common one for collecting return water. Its advantages are that there is no need to use check valves; circulation is provided by only one pump. As a result, the three-pipe design is easy to operate, since the coolant is consumed automatically between the devices. The types of such circuits are more flexible compared to two-pipe ones; their advantages lie in convenient regulation and automated heating individual parts building. When choosing double-circuit heating and having a sufficient budget, it makes sense to pay attention to the functionality of the three-pipe system.

A bifilar heating system is a cross between single and two-pipe schemes. The entire circuit is divided into two identical parts with their own radiators, risers and branches. Both ends are connected in order by one pipe, first all the devices of the first, and then the second end. The water in the radiator compartments moves in opposite directions at different temperatures, thereby maintaining the same temperature throughout the system. According to this feature, the bifilar scheme belongs to double-circuit heating, and through a series connection with one pipe - to a single-circuit one, which is also convenient to use.

Operation of an open heating system

The choice of heating system also depends on other qualities of the circuit. When the question is asked which heating system to choose, you need to take into account the differences between open and closed heat supply schemes.

Design open system:

1. Boiler. Solid fuel and gas boilers are used;
2. Pipelines;
3. Batteries;
4. Expansion tank.

The coolant receives thermal energy when the boiler heats up. The circulation process begins under the influence of the zonal pressure difference. Ultimate and Starting point is a fuel boiler. Due to the thermal expansion of water, the circuit requires the inclusion of an expansion tank into which excess water will flow.

Significant disadvantages of an open design include energy loss and oxygen entering the circuit. These factors reduce the heat transfer of the system. There is a risk of formation air jams and corrosion on metal parts.

Advice! In an open plumbing system, you should not use any type of antifreeze as a coolant. Their ability to evaporate will lead to rapid quantitative loss through the expansion tank. In addition, their fumes negatively affect the health of residents.

Operation of a closed heating system

The closed structure does not have direct access to open air. The role of the expansion tank is played by the membrane tank. Excess hot water enters it, pushing through the rubber membrane. At the same time, the nitrogen in the air chamber is compressed. The coolant is removed from the tank using a special pump.

The absence of oxygen contact with circuit elements extends their service life. The coolant does not evaporate and does not require frequent replenishment. The closed circuit allows the connection of additional heat supply sources with their integration into common system. The temperature is regulated by reducing or adding coolant.

A closed system requires constant access to electricity to keep the pumps running smoothly. Despite this difference, it works more effectively in small homes. Multi-storey buildings require large quantity membrane tanks and complex calculations.

Important! Closed design heat supply allows unauthorized penetration of air through deformation of joints. Their tightness and presence of air must be checked regularly.

Selecting a heating system

If we compare heating systems for a specific facility, their merits are determined by the scale of the building. Open circuit leads to significant heat loss and the risk of saturation of the coolant with oxygen, therefore it is inconvenient for small private houses. A closed structure is optimal in such dwellings and has found wide application. However, in the event of prolonged power outages, its installation will lead to freezing of the premises.

In high-rise buildings, the advantages of closed heating are offset by the need to place very large membrane tanks. In order for the closed circuit to be functional, they are replaced with special non-pressure units operating in tandem with pumps - pressure regulators. Open design more different simple process installations in multi-storey buildings. The problem of airing is solved by using air vents.

When planning to build their own home, the future owner chooses a heating system. Vacation home heated in several ways. If you choose one of them correctly, heating will be effective and inexpensive.

However, you will have to take several factors into account. These include energy costs and availability, as well as features installation and operation.

Permanency of residence is important: if the house is only used several months a year there is no point in installing expensive heating equipment.

Bake

People heat their homes with ovens for many centuries.

During this time, many effective designs have been created that allow not only to keep warm, but also to prepare a wide variety of food or heat water for domestic needs.

A home heating stove is a device for burning solid fuel (firewood, coal, peat, wood waste pellets). It is built from stone, brick or welded from metal.

Any stove has a fuel chamber, a ash pan, channels for removing flue gases and a chimney. Fuel for heating is placed in the firebox on the grate. Air enters through the blower from below. Hot flue gases are removed through a duct into the chimney. The heating stove is supplemented hob and oven for cooking food and heating water.

Advantages and disadvantages

pros stove heating:

• Low cost construction and operation.
• For stove heating no electricity, water or gas supply required. Firewood, coal and peat are inexpensive and are available almost everywhere.
• Since the oven does not have coolant liquid, it does not need to be constantly heated. This option is suitable for a dacha that residents rarely visit.
• Many combined design options allow heat the room, cook food, dry herbs, clothes, mushrooms and berries, heat water.
• The home owner can choose standard or individual project . Many companies and individual craftsmen are ready to build a stove to order.

Disadvantages of heating using stoves:

• The stove takes up quite a lot of space (2 or more sq. m). For uniform heating, it is usually located in the center of the house.
• Quickly warm up the room with this heating impossible. Brick or masonry warming up few hours, but after heating it gives off heat for a long time.
• Heat transfer efficiency small. Increases with lengthening of channels.
• Unable to install automation. All heating system maintenance is done manually.
• Furnace design plan when designing a house. This is done only by qualified specialists.
• Firewood for the stove is prepared and dried in advance. A special room or shed is constructed for their storage.

Fireplace

Typically fireplaces are built in living room. This ancient heating device has become quite widespread in private homes, but it is used to heat only one room. Few homeowners realize that a fireplace is quite capable of heating an entire room.

Correct installation

The design is hearth with an expanded firebox and without a front wall. Flue gases exit it directly into the chimney. This device does not have a coolant.

Heat is transferred into the room by radiation from the flame, as well as through the heated side walls and mantelpiece. After some minor improvements, the fireplace is used to heat the entire house.

Heat is transferred to other rooms using two methods:

• A flow of heated air.
• Water through pipes.

In the first method, air passes through heated metal pipes in the fireplace, and then flows through air ducts to the rooms on the second floor. Thus, heat is effectively transferred by gravity to the second floor and 3-4 m to the sides. This is enough for heating small house. To a distance more than 4 m air is supplied using a blower fan installed next to the fireplace.

In the second, the fireplace is combined with a conventional water heating system. In this case, the heat source is pipes mounted in the firebox. The pump pumps water through them and pumps it into the radiators installed in the rooms.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of fireplace heating:

• Does not require coolant. The air itself plays its role.
• Heat generation does not depend from submission electricity.
• Room heating starts immediately after melting fireplace. Warming up the premises lasts only a few minutes.
• Operating costs small and depend mainly on the cost of firewood or coal.

Disadvantages of fireplace heating:

• Gravity heating only two-story houses area up to 150 m². For larger ones, it is required fan, which makes noise during operation and depends on the availability of electricity.
• When the fireplace goes out, the building quickly loses heat.
• The air flow carries into the rooms dust.

Water heating from a fireplace has the following positive aspects:

• Automatically adjusted using heating fittings.
• Heat transfer is also possible in rooms distant from the fireplace.

Disadvantages of water heating:

• A water heating system requires qualified installation and is more expensive than air.
• Heating depends on power supply, because the coolant is pumped by an electric pump.
• If the premises are used as temporary housing, the pipes have to be filled non-freezing liquid.

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Water heating

The heat source in this case is gas, solid fuel or electric boilers, and heat is transferred liquid coolant.

Water or antifreeze is heated in the boiler heat exchanger and flows through pipes into the rooms, where it gives off heat to radiators heating the air in the room.

The coolant in this heating system is supplied naturally: expansion when heated and rising into the storage tank or forcefully (by a pump).

Is it worth choosing

Positive sides water heating:

• System with gas or electric boiler is adjusted automatically. It is enough to set the required temperature on the thermostat, and it will be maintained.
• High efficiency. Modern gas and electric boilers are economical, using almost all fuel energy for heating.

Negative sides water heating system:

• Water heating depends on the supply of gas and electricity. In case of shutdown, the boiler is blocked. You have to start it manually again. Only a system with a solid fuel boiler and natural circulation works autonomously without electricity and gas.
• Is different complexity, therefore requires calculations by specialists and correct installation. This is associated with its high cost.
• During long outages, water freezes in the pipes, so it has to be replaced with expensive antifreeze.

Gas convectors

The heating device has a high efficiency and convenience. Gas convectors are installed under the window sill on the wall in each room.

Photo 1. Gas convector model Breeze 4C, power 4 kW, manufacturer Danko, Ukraine.

The gas entering the convector through the pipes burns in it, and the combustion products are discharged through a chimney pipe in the wall. Heat is transferred to heat exchanger directly to air without additional coolant. Modern gas convectors are equipped with a control system that regulates gas combustion depending on the air temperature in the room. For heating use natural or liquefied gas.

There are two types gas convectors:

• ventilators;
• without fan.

Attention! Fans are used for heating non-residential premises, because the fan creates noise. But they are distinguished by a more uniform distribution of warm air.

Advantages and disadvantages

The positive aspects of heating with gas convectors:

Negative aspects of gas convectors:

• Addiction from gas and electricity supplies. When they are turned off, the convector is blocked.
• Required qualified gas distribution into premises in compliance with fire safety rules.

Electric convectors

These heating devices most accessible. None special conditions no placement required. It is enough to install the electric convector yourself and connect it to the power supply. There are three types of such devices:

• floor(installed on wheels on which they are moved to comfortable spot).
• wall;
• installed under the floor.

The heat source of an electric convector is tubular electric heater (TEH). This is a metal tube with a nichrome wire stretched inside it, insulated from the walls with quartz backfill or ceramics. Electricity heats the heating element, and the heating element gives off heat to the air. Modern devices are also equipped thermostat, air filter and air ionizer. Floor option contains a sensor that turns off the heating device if it falls.

Photo 2. Electric convector of the Standart model, power - 2.5 kW, manufacturer "Roda", Germany.

Advantages and disadvantages

pros electric convectors:

• Easy to install and lack of specific requirements.
• Compactness. Trench convectors are invisible after installation.
• Uniform heating air, especially in combination with heated floors.
• The operation of these devices is controlled by a thermostat automatically.
• High efficiency, quick heating of the room.

Disadvantages of electric convectors:

• Dependence electricity.
• High price heating.

Heat pump

This term refers to a heating system based on heat transfer from external environment into the room. Such units are still rarely installed in private homes, but their prevalence is increasing.

Any heat pump is designed in the same way as refrigeration unit. The difference between these devices is where the heat is removed and where it is transferred. A refrigerator absorbs heat in a confined space and releases it outside, while a heat pump transfers heat energy into the room.

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Fine famous example heat pump —air conditioning with heating. In the summer it indoor unit operates in evaporator mode, and the external one serves as a condenser.

In winter, the heat pump mode is switched, as a result of which the evaporator becomes outdoor unit, and the internal one turns into a capacitor. Thus, a heating air conditioner is a universal heat pump.

There are also heat pumps that work only for heating. The evaporator of such a unit is placed in the ground or in the nearest body of water, and the condensers are placed in the rooms of the house. Heating system is full refrigerant, which is pumped by a compressor. The operation of the heat pump is controlled by an electronic unit that maintains a constant temperature in the rooms.

Advantages and disadvantages

Pros of a heat pump:

• High efficiency. The unit does not generate heat, but only transfers it. So, with the power of the pump electric motor 1 kW, thermal power unit reaches 4-5 kW.
• No need for fuel.
• Ecological purity.
• Switchable for cooling in summer time.

Disadvantages of a heat pump:

• Dependence electricity supplies.
• To install the evaporator you need a large area of ​​land or body of water.
• Individual design requires the services of specialists.
• High price.

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