The entrance of the house is its face. It can set the guest up for a pleasant welcome or, conversely, make him wary. Most entrances are made with a rectangular or square porch, but a round concrete porch looks more impressive. Filling it requires some ingenuity, since achieving the ideal shape can be difficult. If there are several steps to be made, then the work becomes much more complicated, but remains within the control of even an inexperienced master. The article will discuss ways to give a specific shape to the porch, as well as the requirements for the concrete mixture.

Design Process

Drawing up a drawing of a semicircular porch is also done with your own hands. To do this, you need to take a blank sheet of paper, preferably in a square, and make some measurements that will be transferred to the plan. When designing, it is necessary to start not from the lower part of the porch, but from the upper part, which will be located near front door. At a minimum, two adults should comfortably fit next to it. To achieve this, the width of the porch near the entrance should be at least 50 cm larger on each side of the edge of the doorway. Now you need to measure the total width of the site. Using a compass at the selected scale, the drawing is transferred to a piece of paper. First, the front door is schematically depicted. A semicircle is drawn from the central point of the door with the dimensions specified on the scale. An example can be seen in the photo below.

If there are several porch steps, then it is necessary to measure the height from the ground level to the threshold of the front door. The resulting size will need to be divided by the height of one porch step. It can be 16 cm. If the number is obtained with a remainder, then you can make an additional small step or evenly divide the remainder between all steps. The width of the step should be such that it is easy to stand on. Usually 25 cm is enough for this, but the size can be increased to 30 cm. Knowing this data, you can add it to the drawing. The next step of the porch is depicted by another semicircle, which is drawn to scale. The drawing requires all dimensions that must be observed during installation.

Note! The angle of the porch should not exceed 45°. In this case, it can be called safe. If according to the drawing the angle is larger, then you can increase the width of the steps. This will also reduce the strain when lifting.

Calculation of required materials

After making the drawing, you can begin to calculate the amount of material required. To do this, you need to calculate the volume of the porch. To simplify the process, you can divide the porch into separate figures, the volume of which will subsequently be folded. Since this is a non-rectangular porch, then it is necessary to calculate the volume of the half-cylinders, each of which is a separate step. The volume of the cylinder is calculated using the formula V=πr 2 h. Let's assume that the upper platform is 2 meters wide. This value corresponds to the diameter of the circle, which means the radius will be half smaller, i.e. 1 meter. The height of the step is 16 cm. Now you can substitute all the values ​​into the formula and get 3.14 × 1 × 0.16 = 0.5 m 3. But it is worth remembering that the site is a semicircle, so the result must be divided by 2 and the result will be 0.25 m 3. Each step is calculated in a similar way. At the end, all volumes are added up and the total value is obtained.

Next, you need to assume that it takes 320 kg of M400 cement to prepare one cube of concrete mixture. Knowing that the solution is prepared in a ratio of 1 to 3 to 5, you can calculate that approximately 1000 kg of sand and 1600 kg of crushed stone will be needed. If you build semicircular porch with your own hands with the dimensions given above and three steps, then its total volume will be 1.2 m3. This means that it will require a total of 384 kg of cement, 1200 kg of sand and 1920 kg of crushed stone. These figures were obtained by multiplying the volume of the porch by the required amount of materials. It is worth considering that concrete mortar will also be needed for the foundation.

Preparatory stage

The preparatory stage is one of the most important when building a semicircular porch with your own hands. The area is thoroughly cleaned of various debris and plant debris. Needs to be removed upper layer turf to make marking easier. It will be more convenient to work on a flat area, so it can be partially leveled using the rule. After preparation, you can begin marking. The size of the lower step is already known; in order to draw a semicircle of the required size, you need to take a strong rope, the length of which will be equal to the radius of the lower circle. The rope is fixed at a point that will correspond to the middle of the door. Reinforcement or a small wooden block. With the help of such a simple device, a semicircle is drawn from wall to wall. It will mark not only the bottom step, but also the foundation of the entire structure, as in the photo below.

The entrance will be quite heavy, so it needs good support. A pit is dug with a width of 30 cm. It is necessary to go deeper to a depth of at least 70 cm. The best solution the foundation for the porch will be built to a depth below freezing of the soil. The bottom of the resulting pit is filled with crushed stone 10 cm thick. It is leveled and the same layer of sand is laid. The sand must be well compacted and leveled. Additionally, it can be moistened so that the load is subsequently well distributed throughout the material. For better waterproofing Roofing material can be laid on the bottom and walls of the structure. A mesh is made from metal reinforcement and placed in the pit. In this case, it must be raised slightly by placing it on supports. This is necessary so that the solution ends up at the bottom of the structure; the photo shows an example.

The porch foundation is poured to ground level. In this case, it is necessary to ensure its connection with the foundation of the building. For these purposes, holes are drilled in the foundation into which studs or metal reinforcement are inserted. After pouring concrete with your own hands, you need to make sure that it fills the voids and that air bubbles come out of it, which can cause voids to form. For these purposes, a deep vibrator or pieces of reinforcement are perfect, which need to be used to methodically pierce the thickness of the solution. Additionally, you can insert reinforcement around the perimeter of the foundation for the porch, which will protrude above its level. This is necessary for dressing with steps. Strengthening will occur over several weeks. At this time, it is advisable to cover the base with a waterproofing material, as shown in the photo, which will prevent the rapid evaporation of moisture. A video on how to bend the reinforcement is below.

How to build formwork

Formwork in the case of a semicircular porch has some nuances during construction. It will not be enough to simply knock down the shields that will prevent the solution from leaking out. They must be of the required shape for the porch. For these purposes you can use:

• board or plywood;
• galvanized metal;
• plastic sheets.

If the radius is small, you can try using a regular board with a small thickness or plywood. The elements must first be soaked in water. As moisture increases, they will become more elastic. After this, the boards are bent to the required diameter and clamped in this state until dry. After drying, they will retain the shape of the future porch. But to carry out such an operation when building a porch with your own hands, you need to spend a lot of effort. Therefore, it will be easier to use galvanized metal. This material bends well, so it will not be difficult to give it the required shape. Less commonly used plastic panels linings. Plastic can withstand the low weight of the solution, so it is suitable for small porches.

Formwork can be made for all steps at once or gradually constructed for each step separately. In any case it will be necessary wooden frame, which will hold the sheets. They can be screwed to the bars with ordinary self-tapping screws. It will be necessary to install transverse struts that will keep the shape of the porch steps within the required limits.

Installation process

A metal sheathing is installed inside the prepared formwork for the porch, as in the photo. In this case, the reinforcement rods must be bent along the radius of the steps. All grids that will be laid in the steps of the porch must also be connected to each other. This will ultimately create a strong monolithic structure. By tying the base of the porch to the foundation of the building, cracks will not appear during shrinkage. After installing the metal porch grating, you can begin pouring the concrete. Its proportions were discussed above. It is better if the filling occurs at one time. But sometimes this seems impossible, so the process has to be carried out in several passes. It is for such cases that bandaging all the elements of the metal base will be good.

Advice! In the case where the filling will be done gradually, the reinforcement can be laid in conjunction with the installation of formwork. But it is imperative to ensure binding with the previous step. For these purposes, you can leave protruding reinforcement in it, which will be part of the new fill. You need to take care of a freshly poured porch in the same way as you would a foundation.

What to do with the cladding

After several weeks or a month, when the porch has gained full strength, you need to start finishing it with your own hands. Concrete is certainly a durable material, but it needs additional protection. This is due to its porous structure. Because of this, moisture will constantly get inside the porch, which will eventually destroy metal fittings, which will lead to chipping of parts of the porch. Therefore, the pores must be closed and the porch will retain its appearance longer. This can be done with your own hands, for example, using porcelain tiles. It has high strength and resistance to mechanical stress, so constant loads from people’s feet will not lead to wear. Thanks to minimal pores, such tiles will provide excellent waterproofing to the base of the porch.

Note! Tiles for cladding the porch must be selected with a rough surface. This will make it possible to prevent falls during rain and snow.

Another excellent option for cladding the porch would be clinker tiles. An example can be seen in the photo. It is made from special type clay by sintering method. At the same time, there are practically no pores in it, which also minimizes the amount of moisture that can seep to the base of the porch. The color scheme of such tiles will match any home exterior. It is not advisable to use paving slabs to finish the porch. This is really the most affordable option, but it will also provide minimal protection, since such tiles also allow moisture to pass through perfectly. When laying tiles with your own hands, you need to consult with a professional in your field, since laying on the rounded base of the porch requires a certain skill.

Note! If you want to have handrails for the porch, the foundation for them must be laid during pouring, so that you do not have to drill holes later large diameter for pipe installation.

Conclusion

The construction of a semicircular porch will require significant investment of money and effort. But the result will please the eye for a long time. Over such a porch you can build a canopy made of polycarbonate and metal. You can make a forged canopy over the porch. Great solution there will be a canopy built over the porch that will cover the steps. This will prevent them from freezing in winter.

Upon completion of the main construction work When building a country house, it is necessary to design and install concrete porch, with your own hands you can build a convenient entrance, monitoring the quality of work, because this part welcomes owners and guests every day, which is why it is constantly under stress. We will help you plan the progress of work correctly, select materials and comply with all necessary regimes.

Concrete porch - do it yourself cheaper

The porch structure itself is a small extension adjacent to the entrance door opening. Main positive quality concrete version is durability, exceptional strength and reliability. As negative point It should be noted that construction is highly labor intensive, high consumption building materials, and therefore this construction will be relatively expensive. Although when it was created on our own costs can be significantly reduced; at a minimum, there is no need to pay for a team.

Before starting construction, it is necessary to decide on the design of the porch, which should fit organically into the overall architecture of the house. For example, if country house built from timber or logs, the porch is usually wooden. It can also be made from concrete, but then you will have to take care of the finishing wooden materials so as not to violate general style buildings. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the size of the house so that the porch is proportional to it.

We calculate materials for the construction of a concrete porch

After determining the size of the porch, it is necessary to calculate the amount of building materials. The size includes not only the overall width and height, but also the number of steps, which determines the volume of concrete. First of all, you need to calculate the cubic capacity of concrete, which is the main building material. It is best to draw up a preliminary drawing on some scale and use it to make all calculations. If you plan to use ready-made concrete, then in this case it is enough to simply calculate the total volume of the future structure.

If you plan to prepare the concrete mixture on site, then you need to take into account the consumption of materials, which is per 1 m3 of concrete: cement - 340 kg, sand - 1.05 m3 and crushed stone - 0.86 m3. Based on the dimensions of the porch, the reinforcement and waterproofing are calculated. In the reinforcement cage there should be two bars for each step. After all the calculations, the formwork for the steps is arranged with your own hands.

How to make formwork for steps - we knock down the frame with our own hands

Porch formwork is usually made of boards or plywood. It should be approximately 30-35 centimeters higher than the porch, since part of it will go into the ground. If the soil is sufficiently strong, this distance can be reduced to 20 centimeters. Then you need to draw the sides of the formwork on the plywood. First, treads and risers located at right angles are drawn, and after them the platform and the last tread with the necessary slopes are designated to ensure water drainage.

The side parts of the formwork are additionally reinforced with stiffeners. The distance between the prepared shields and the wall of the building must be at least 1 centimeter. Reinforcing stakes are driven to a depth of 20 centimeters and at a distance of about 45 centimeters from the base of the porch. Fixing spacers are installed between the stakes and formwork panels. This way the structure will not fall apart under the weight of liquid concrete until it dries.

After installing the formwork, the base is backfilled with a 10-centimeter layer of sand, which must be thoroughly compacted. The excess pieces of boards installed for rigidity are then cut to fit the dimensions of the risers. To subsequently eliminate possible unevenness after pouring concrete, their lower edges should be made at an angle. The boards are fastened to the formwork base using double-headed nails.

After the formwork is ready, the foundation of the house is covered with a sheet of roofing material, followed by a layer of sealant. This is how creation is done expansion joint. And so that the concrete does not stick to the formwork structure when drying, its inner wall is coated with lubricant.

Step by step we learn how to make a concrete porch with your own hands

All preparatory work done, it’s time to figure out how to make a concrete porch with your own hands.

How to make a concrete porch with your own hands - step-by-step diagram

Step 1: Determine the type of steps

It is necessary to dwell separately on the size and configuration of the steps. They are the most important detail throughout the porch structure. Convenience and comfort when entering the house completely depends on their parameters. When calculating the number of steps, the distance from the ground to the floor level is taken into account. It is best to make the steps themselves wide, since this option is safer, in contrast to small and narrow steps, on which the foot is placed with great difficulty. The porch structure itself can have a square, rectangular or trapezoidal shape, and the steps themselves can be located on the front or side. If the steps for a concrete porch exceed the number of three, it is necessary to consider the installation of railings.

Step 2: Reinforcement

After insulating the bottom with roofing felt, it is necessary to proceed to tying the frame from reinforcement in accordance with the configuration of the stairs. When purchasing fittings, you should keep in mind that, on average, for a porch its approximate consumption ranges from 150 to 170 meters. If it is used less, cracks may form in concrete over time, so you should not skimp on reinforcement. When tying the reinforcement, it is necessary to leave several outlets from the pipes or corners on each side for the future construction of the canopy and railings.

Step 3: Pouring Concrete

When the reinforcing mesh is ready, you can move on to concrete works. As a rule, a lot of concrete is consumed, and its pouring is carried out in several stages. Typically kneading is done by hand or electric concrete mixer. A normal solution has the following proportion: cement - 1 part, crushed stone - 2 parts and sand - 2 parts. Water is added until the solution reaches a normal consistency, convenient for installation. For pouring, you can build a special trench for supplying concrete. When the level of the steps increases, the concrete mixer must be gradually raised. During the work, the entire mass must be constantly compacted using wooden tampers or a special vibrator.

A concrete porch is one of the most durable. Thanks to concrete, it can withstand heavy loads and is resistant to abrasion. You can do it yourself, the main thing is to make accurate calculations and draw the project correctly. Drawings will help you build formwork faster and without errors. It is better to fill the porch yourself at the stage of building a private house, since it also requires a foundation. If it is attached to a rebuilt building, then it will require arrangement of the base and its connection with reinforcement to the foundation of the house.

When making calculations and drawing, you need to consider the following factors:

• The height of the porch is the distance from the ground to the bottom line of the threshold of the front door.
• The width is selected depending on the number of people in the house, and whether heavy and large items (furniture) will be carried through it. For one person, a width of 80 cm is sufficient; for two people to pass at the same time, a minimum of 100 cm is required.
• For comfortable ascent and descent, it is recommended to build an unpaired number of steps. Width – 25 cm, height is selected from 12 to 20 cm, depending on their total number and the height of the porch. The width of the steps is chosen so that the leg fits freely. Then the porch will be safe. It also takes into account who plans to walk on it. If there are elderly people and children, then the height of the steps is reduced to make the stairs more comfortable.
• To prevent the front door from touching the surface of the extension, it must be poured 5 cm below the threshold.
• If the porch is high, then places for installing railings or other fencing should be provided in advance.
• The march inclination angle is 27-45°.

A pre-made plan with a diagram will save time and correctly fill the porch for a private house, since everything will be described step by step.

Installation technology step by step

The construction of a porch consists of the following stages:

• drawing up a drawing with a diagram;
• site and soil preparation;
• marking;
• formwork assembly;
• concreting.

1. Preparing the site.

Regardless of the chosen construction scheme and technology, you should first carefully prepare the site. The old porch is completely dismantled and debris is removed. If it was made of brick, then the brick can be left nearby, as it will work as a filler. If shrubs or trees grew in this place, then everything is completely removed, including the roots. If this is not possible, it is recommended to process them chemicals. Sprouting plants can even damage concrete.

Before making a concrete porch, you need to calculate the required volume of concrete solution. You will need water, sand, crushed stone and cement. The components are mixed in following proportions– 1:2.2:3.7 (cement, sand, crushed stone). Cement grade – M500. Then the strength of concrete will be 300 kg/cm2. Reinforcing bars and wire for tying them are also prepared, waterproofing material, boards, plywood (sheets of metal), self-tapping screws, shovel, concrete mixer, building level, spatula and broken bricks.

2. How to build a foundation.

A strong and stable base is made from concrete mortar for the porch. To do this, dig a hole 30-70 cm deep. The depth depends on the degree of soil freezing and heaving. The foundation must be built 20-30 cm below the freezing level. The deeper the ground freezes in winter time, the deeper the hole. The width is dug a few cm wider than the porch.

A substrate is needed at the bottom of the pit; for this, sand and crushed stone are poured. First, sand is poured in a layer of about 10 cm and compacted. After which crushed stone 5 cm thick is poured. Thanks to such a cushion, the foundation of the concrete porch will be protected from groundwater, and it will make the foundation stronger. The entire backfill must be at least 10 cm wider than the foundation of the future building.

The formwork is made so that it can withstand the load from the weight of the concrete solution. The frame should completely follow the shape of the future porch. To assemble the formwork, boards, plywood, metal sheets and bricks are used. The boards must be strong and not overdried, otherwise they will burst under the weight of concrete, width - 200 mm, thickness - 20 mm.

The sides are mounted, supports and boards are installed for each step. There should be no gaps at the connection points to prevent water from leaking out of the concrete solution. You can additionally strengthen the sides using reinforcement rods by sticking them into the ground. Reinforcing bars are laid inside the formwork in increments of 20 cm. On the outside, the frame is covered with soil approximately 10 cm deep and compacted. After this, concreting begins.

4. Concrete pouring technology.

To increase the strength of the structure, not only reinforcing bars are used, but also broken stones and bricks. In addition, they help reduce concrete consumption. They are laid under the reinforcement. It is best to use a concrete mixer for mixing, as it is necessary a large number of mixture, and its quality will be higher. As soon as the solution is ready, it is immediately poured, as it sets quickly.

Concrete pouring begins from the bottom step. Each stage is treated with a vibration installation. It will help remove air and distribute the concrete evenly over the entire area of ​​the formwork. After which it is compacted and smoothed with a rule. The evenness of the surface will be checked building level. As soon as the concrete has hardened a little, they begin to pour the second stage and continue to rise higher. The formwork can be dismantled after about a week.

Filling the semicircular porch

Building a round or semicircular concrete porch with your own hands is somewhat more difficult than a square or rectangular one. The main difficulty is arranging the formwork for concreting. First you need to carry out calculations and make drawings. The width of the platform for the semicircular porch should be at least 50 cm wider than the front door. Then 2 people can pass without colliding.

The midpoint from which all measurements are taken is considered to be the middle of the front door. It is from this that the lines of the steps are drawn on the drawing with a compass. The height of the steps for the porch is 16-18 cm. Higher is not recommended, since climbing such stairs will be uncomfortable and unsafe. The width of the treads should be from 26 to 30 cm, then it will be comfortable to stand on them. It is this number that is added each time to the drawing when the next steps are outlined. It is better to make the angle of the porch less than 40°.

To make a semicircular porch, you will need formwork, reinforcement and concrete mortar. It is better to mix the mixture in a concrete mixer. To build a semicircular formwork, you need a flexible and durable material. Plywood or galvanized sheet metal will do. To give plywood a bend, it is soaked in water and bent until desired angle. Then it is left to dry. But since this process takes a lot of time, it is more often used sheet metal– it is flexible and durable.

The semicircular porch has big sizes and weight, so a secure base is required. A hole is dug and sand and crushed stone are poured into the bottom. After this, the reinforcement is laid. The porch foundation must be connected to the base of the house. Therefore, holes are drilled in the walls and reinforcement bars from the porch frame are inserted into them. After this, concreting is carried out. After a few days, when the concrete has hardened sufficiently, it is covered with waterproofing and the construction of steps begins.

Curved formwork is installed on each step. Supports are installed for strength. The main thing is that the entire structure can withstand the weight of the concrete solution. Reinforcement is placed in the formwork and concrete is poured. For greater density, it is processed with a vibration unit, after which everything is leveled using a rule and left to harden.

After the concrete has fully gained strength, finishing begins. First, the surface is sanded to remove all irregularities and bulges.

The most suitable finishing material for a porch made of concrete is clinker tiles with a rough and anti-slip surface. It can withstand heavy loads and temperature changes. Not afraid of both frost and heat. When its surface is wet, you can safely walk on it without fear of slipping. The tiles are laid using glue, which must be diluted only according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Concrete or paving slabs. It has a low price, but over time it begins to crumble. Wood finishing material is most often used for finishing the porches of wooden houses.

To properly build a concrete porch for a private home yourself, you do not need to have construction skills. It is enough to follow the pre-drawn plan and installation instructions.

After pouring concrete for 3 or 4 weeks, it must be sprayed (watered) with water to better gain strength. If it dries too quickly, then some of the cement will not have time to react with water, which will reduce the strength characteristics of the entire structure. In addition, due to the excessively rapid evaporation of water, the concrete sets unevenly. As a result, cracks appear on its surface. It is recommended to fill each new stage only after the previous one has hardened - after about 4-5 days.

In order to enter Vacation home, you need to climb to a certain height along the porch. The need to build a porch arose because the foundation and plinth rise above the ground surface in order to prevent moisture from seeping into the walls of the house. Most often, a self-built porch is equipped with wood or concrete, less often - with steel elements or a combination of different building materials.

A porch made of concrete is considered the most durable - it will last more than a hundred years, withstanding heavy weight and mechanical loads. The technology for installing this structure has been perfected for years, so making a concrete porch with your own hands is not difficult - you just need to have the appropriate construction tool, purchase necessary building materials, and stick to technology. The porch can be built on empty space, but it happens that you need to repair or replace the old one. This is preceded by the following operations:

1. Dismantle the old structure, clear the area from construction waste;
2. Measure the height of the porch - this is the distance from the threshold of the house to the soil, calculate the height of the steps based on their preferred number;
3. The minimum size of the area at the entrance door should be 0.3 m wider than the entrance door - 0.15 m on each side;

The construction of the porch can be organized along with the construction of the walls of the house, or it can be attached after the construction of the building is completed. If all requirements are met, the structure will last a long time - it will not crack, shrink or deform from constant use. The advantages of concrete construction are as follows:

1. Long-term operation under conditions of high and constant loads;
2. Over time, concrete not only loses its physical and operational properties, but, on the contrary, its strength increases;
3. The strength of a concrete structure is enhanced by reinforcement;
4. You can cast a porch from different types of concrete geometric shapes, up to curvilinear;
5. Use of available and cheap building materials - Portland cement, sand, crushed stone or gravel;
6. Fire safety, environmental friendliness, resistance to high humidity and temperature changes over a wide range;
7. Finishing work is carried out ceramic tiles, natural stone, painting, artificial stone, plastering, etc.

Structural forms and design

The design can be made different shapes– round, square, rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular or curvilinear, it can also be an oval or semicircular porch. Structurally, you can equip closed, open or veranda-like objects. All these building construction can be equipped with railings, or do without them. Railings are not only safety, but also aesthetics in combination with original design entrance area.

The first point in the project is the shape and type of structure, the number and size of steps, taking into account the height and age of the residents of the house. The width of the stairs should allow not only people to climb freely, but also to move furniture and other large objects. Therefore, when developing a project, the following circumstances are taken into account:

1. The porch staircase must have a width of ≥ 85 cm;
2. Tilt – 5°. With a greater slope, walking up steep stairs becomes dangerous;
3. The number of steps is odd. This follows from a centuries-old observation - it is more comfortable for a person to stand on the top landing of the stairs with the same foot with which he stands on the first step;
4. Step height – up to 0.3 m. Standard height– 0.8 m;
5. The steps are made overhanging each other by no more than 3 cm;
6. Height difference between landing and entrance door – ≤ 50 mm;
7. The landing should allow the entrance door to open and close freely.

Tools and building materials

If you have chosen a concrete structure, the porch can be filled with concrete delivered from the manufacturer, or you can prepare the solution yourself. Ordering, transporting and unloading batch concrete is not the most economical option, but with its own advantages - the mixture remains homogeneous, without air, after hardening the concrete does not lose the parameters declared by the manufacturer. Concrete made at the factory will retain its working qualities longer due to mixing in an automixer or concrete mixer during transportation. The disadvantage is that it is expensive compared to manually preparing the solution. Therefore, before you make a concrete porch with your own hands, choose a solution that suits your project and budget.

You can prepare your solution either in a concrete mixer or by hand. If the preparation and pouring technology is followed, the quality of the solution will not be inferior to the quality of factory-mixed concrete. To mix the mortar yourself, you need to take a grade of Portland cement M 400 or higher, and the following building materials and tools will be useful:

1. Cement M 400-M 500, screened or river sand, crushed stone (can be replaced with gravel, pebbles or broken natural stone);
2. Reinforcing bars Ø 12-24 mm, soft steel binding wire;
3. Materials for arranging formwork - boards, plywood, corrugated sheets, fiberboard, chipboard, OSB, slate;
4. Wooden beams, roofing felt, nails or screws.
5. Grinder (grinder), hammer drill, vibrator and concrete mixer, bayonet shovel, mortar trough (for manual concrete preparation);
6. Bucket for mortar, hammer, level, tape measure, rule.

Porch construction

When starting to build a concrete porch, you must follow three basic rules:

1. The height of the porch should be the same as the foundation;
2. It is advisable to connect the foundation and reinforcement to the foundation and reinforcement cage Houses;
3. It is necessary to install waterproofing so that moisture from the staircase foundation does not seep into the concrete of the house foundation and walls.

Standard or ready-made original project you can calculate the approximate costs of building materials. The volume of concrete is calculated based on the area of ​​the foundation. To find out the base area, the width B, height H and length L of the structure are multiplied. Stages of constructing a porch;

1. Before you build a concrete porch, you need to build a foundation for it. The depth of the trench will be the same as the depth of the foundation of the house. It is poured into the bottom of the pit sand-crushed stone pillow- This is an operation necessary for all types of foundations. The pillow is compacted while simultaneously wetting it;
2. The formwork is assembled and installed - the walls of the formwork must be smooth, and the horizontal and verticality of the structure when installed in a trench is checked with a level. The formwork is attached to the walls of the trench with metal rods - they are driven into the ground through the formwork material. If this is not done, then the formwork may deform or crumble under the weight of the solution. The formwork walls are also fastened together from the outside and inside;
3. The estimated height of the porch should be increased by 0.3 m so that the formwork can be conveniently arranged. Directly on the surface of the formwork, future steps and steps are drawn, which will be located at an angle of 900, here the contour of the platform and steps are drawn, having a slope for every 0.3 m of depth - 0.05 m;
4. The side formworks are reinforced with stiffening ribs - wooden beams or metal corner. A gap of 2-3 cm is left between the formwork and the walls of the trench to ensure a slight play of the panels when pouring concrete;
5. The next step is to attach boards to the formwork along the width of the staircase steps. The bottom ends of the boards should be inclined so that the poured solution is even. The boards are fastened with screws or nails;
6. Before pouring concrete mortar, it is necessary to lay a vapor barrier layer at the bottom of the prepared mortar and remove expansion joint between the foundation of the house and the base of the porch. To do this, roofing material is laid on the foundation of the house and a layer of sealant is applied. The inside of the formwork is coated with a lubricant (in its absence, bitumen or tar can be used) so that the solution does not stick to the walls of the structure;
7. It is mandatory to reinforce the future foundation. The reinforcing bars are connected to each other with soft steel wire - it is not advisable to use welding. To connect both foundations to each other, you need to drill several holes in the base of the house with a hammer drill, into which reinforcement will be driven, laid in the frame of the porch foundation, and linked to its reinforcement frame. The distance between the fastening rods is maintained at 10-15 cm.

Concreting and building steps

TO external wall A layer of waterproofing is attached to the foundation - roofing material, membrane or polyethylene. When pouring concrete layer by layer, it should be immediately compacted with a vibrator or piercing bayonet shovel to get rid of air in the solution. When constructing steps, the following nuances are observed:

1. Rise and steps in the structure must be mounted at an angle of 900;
2. When installing formwork, stiffeners are required;
3. The angle of inclination of the seizures is 6 mm over the entire length of their surface. The slope is necessary for rapid drainage of rainwater;
4. The bottom and walls of the formwork must be protected with a layer of waterproofing.

For steps of a semicircular or oval shape, the formwork is made of plywood 3 cm thick or thin metal sheets. The steps are reinforced with rods Ø 8-10 mm, which are fastened to the foundation of the building or porch to prevent cracks from appearing in the concrete. Final stage concreting - pouring mortar into the formwork of steps and porches. The surface is leveled using a rule or a spatula 0.8-1 m wide. The smoother the concrete surface, the less is required finishing materials during finishing work.

Finishing work

After the solution has set and hardened, the formwork is broken and removed from the trench, and the space between the concrete and the soil is filled with earth and compacted. For finishing The following finishing materials can be used in the structure:

1. Fake diamond;
2. Natural stone;
3. Porcelain stoneware, clinker or ceramic tiles.

The choice of materials is not critical and depends on individual preferences. The color and texture should be in harmony with the decoration of the house. If these conditions are met, the technology for installing finishing materials is also indicated.

How to make a porch out of concrete with your own hands updated: December 29, 2016 by: Artyom

It is quite difficult to imagine the facade of a private housing construction without a porch. As a rule, it is erected simultaneously with the building. But from time to time situations arise when it is necessary to make a porch with steps after the completion of the main stage of construction. Often in this case they resort to constructing a structure made of concrete. We will tell you in detail what you need to know about the stages of construction with your own hands.

Design

Any construction begins with a sketch. Only after carefully drawing out all the details of the project can we proceed to the main stage of work.

Shape Definition

Traditionally, the main entrance with steps is located on the facade of the building. In addition to its direct purpose - to provide ease of movement, entry group should fit harmoniously into the overall architectural style the buildings. Therefore, along with the choice of material for making steps, it is important to correctly determine the shape that will become the original design element. The front part of the house can be decorated with semicircular or trapezoidal concrete steps.

If the building is compact and the goal is not to impress those present with its elegance, you can make a classic porch of a rectangular or square shape. The same applies to spacious houses, where it would be a good idea to equip your own emergency exit with compact concrete steps.

Size calculation

The starting point for DIY construction is the dimensions of the concrete steps for the porch. It is very important to correctly determine the dimensions of the structure so that it meets the requirements of SNiP, is durable and comfortable. The following recommendations for choosing parameters will help you competently design concrete steps:

• To determine the overall height of the porch, you need to measure the distance from the soil to the bottom of the threshold. The upper platform of the structure is arranged 5 cm below the end of the door for its unhindered opening.
• If the steps are located in the immediate vicinity of the entrance, their minimum width should exceed the size of the doorway by 15 cm. In order to ensure free passage for two people, the width of the top step should be more than 1 m.
• The height of one step varies between 12-20 cm, the choice depends on the population for which the concrete porch is intended. For children and the elderly, it is better to make the height of the structure 12-15 cm; adults feel comfortable even with a 20-centimeter rise.
• It is optimal to plan the tread width from 27 cm.
• To determine the number of steps, it is enough to divide the height of the porch by the size of one level. To obtain an integer value, adjust the height of the steps.

• The staircase must be made with an angle of inclination within 26-45 degrees.
• The minimum side of the porch area is 1 m.

After drawing up a plan, taking into account the recommendations outlined, they move on to the material support of the construction process.

Handy tools and building materials

It is necessary to calculate the need for materials for concrete steps based on the prepared project. If the mortar mixture is purchased from finished form, you need to determine its volume. If you want to prepare a composition for concreting with your own hands, start from the following indicators material consumption for the production of 1 m 3 of concrete:

• sand - 1.02 m 3;
• cement - 340 kg;
• crushed stone - 0.86 m3.

Attention ! The presence of reinforcement in concrete steps will increase the strength of the porch.

To build concrete steps with your own hands, you will need to stock up on the following materials:

• formwork is formed from plywood sheets and boards more than 2 cm thick, it is better to choose the width within 20 cm;
• the function of stiffeners will be performed by 40x40 mm bars;
• fasteners for formwork boards in the form of nails;
• metal rods for frame reinforcement Ø 6.5-12 mm;
• material for waterproofing;
• ready-mix for concreting or its components;
• finishing materials.

The tools you should have on hand include:

• concrete mixer;
• perforator and vibrator for compacting concrete mortar;
• electric saw;
• bayonet and shovel shovels;
• spatula, tape measure, level.

Site preparation

When arranging a porch made of concrete at the stage of general construction of a house, preparation of the site comes down to clearing the site of construction waste. In a situation where you need to replace with your own hands an old structure that does not have a foundation with new concrete steps, the algorithm of actions is as follows:

• A foundation pit is being prepared for the porch foundation. The depth must be 20-30 cm below the soil freezing line. For different regions this figure varies; the minimum recess for compact concrete steps is 50 cm. Each side of the pit must exceed the dimensions of the concrete porch platform by 25 cm.
• Recesses are prepared in the foundation of the house for mutual reinforcement of concrete steps with the building.
• At the bottom of the pit under the concrete porch you need to make a “cushion”. First they distribute wet sand, layer thickness is 15 cm, then a layer of crushed stone 20 cm high is compacted tightly, and finally sand is again distributed to a height of 10 cm. Everything is covered with water. This layer will reliably protect the porch steps from destruction by groundwater.
• As a waterproofing layer concrete structure roofing material appears.
• Next, you need to make a reinforcing mesh with your own hands, the side of the cells is 10x10 cm.
• Finally, the porch area is covered concrete mortar, which must be pierced with a metal rod to remove air bubbles in several places.

Note! In order for the base of the concrete porch to become stronger, it is necessary to take a break from work for several days.

Installation of formwork

After arranging the cushions, they begin to form the formwork for the steps with their own hands. The frame of the structure must be made reliable so that it can withstand the weight of the poured concrete. The outline of the frame corresponds to the dimensions of the future steps for the porch; it is made of boards and plywood sheets. The preparation procedure includes the following steps:

• Marking the porch on a sheet of plywood starts from the bottom step.
• Treads and risers are drawn at right angles.
• Next, you need to mark the platform and the upper tread. To ensure precipitation drainage, a slope of 6 mm is provided for every 30 cm of length.
• All contours are cut using a grinder.

In order for the frame of the steps for the porch to withstand the poured mass of concrete, it is necessary to strengthen the sides of the formwork with your own hands. The timber acts as stiffening ribs. Using boards that follow the shape and dimensions of the risers, the panels are connected with nails. It is recommended to make the lower edge of the boards at a slope to form flat surface poured concrete.

The formed structure for the future porch is arranged near the foundation of the house with an interval of 1 cm. For fixation, spacers are used, the movement of which is limited by stakes. They are buried into the soil by at least 25 cm, the distance between the stakes and the panels of the frame of the steps for the porch is about 45-50 cm. The entire 10 cm gap is filled with soil and thoroughly compacted.

Attention ! Plywood formwork should exceed the height of the concrete porch by 30 cm.

Pouring the foundation

Before pouring concrete, you must:

• cover the base of the steps for the porch with a layer of vapor barrier;
• protect the foundation of the house with roofing felt and then apply sealant.
• Treat the formwork of the porch steps with a special lubricant from the inside, this will prevent the concrete from sticking to the plywood or boards.

Reinforcement will increase the strength of the concrete porch and extend its service life. To do this, cut metal rods required sizes and connected to each other with wire. Their length should be 4-5 cm less than the width of the steps, layers of reinforcement are formed at intervals of 15 cm. Broken bricks or stones laid between layers of reinforcement will help save concrete consumption and increase its strength.

Advice ! At this stage of the work, embedded elements are left for the subsequent installation of a canopy or railing, if such parts are provided for in the project.

The use of a concrete mixer will significantly speed up the process of constructing steps for the porch. Pouring concrete begins from the bottom step. It is recommended to lay the solution immediately after mixing, this will preserve its strength characteristics. Each layer of concrete poured is compacted to remove voids. If the actions are carried out poorly, the remaining air bubbles will provoke rapid destruction of the concrete steps. The protruding bricks are pressed inward with a shovel or trowel. After pouring and compacting, the quality of each stage of work on the construction of steps for the porch is checked using a level.

Filling the formwork with the next layer of concrete proceeds after completely dry previous one. Work with the solution ends at the top step. The porch formwork is not removed for a week. When working in hot weather, the concrete is regularly wetted to prevent it from cracking. The porch formwork is removed carefully by tapping the boards with a hammer. If necessary, the surface of the concrete porch is polished.

Finishing work

The finishing of concrete steps begins a month after the formwork is removed. During this time, the solution gains standard power. There may be several design options:

• The simplest solution is to cover the porch with paint intended for exterior use.
• The steps on which a pattern of pebbles is laid out look elegant (this work is done with your own hands at the stage of pouring concrete).
• The most common option is to use clinker tiles or porcelain stoneware.

It is important that the chosen design of the porch steps is combined with the overall decoration of the building. We hope that the material presented will help build reliable porch which will last for a long period. The proposed video will once again describe in detail all stages of the work.