Pellets advantages. Advantages of using pellets (wood pellets) - "FRP" Pellets. What are pellets

What are pellet boilers, their characteristics and features

The article was prepared with the participation of DOZATECH specialists

Despite the fact that our country is one of the largest exporters of blue fuel, there is no need to talk about widespread gasification. For many consumers both in Moscow and Siberia, the most cheap way heating is unattainable now, and it is not a fact that it will be available in the future. Therefore we have to look alternative sources heating, fortunately, the choice in this area is impressive. And in last years The range of heating equipment has been replenished with an interesting unit - a pellet boiler. Let us dwell in more detail on this type of equipment, for which we will consider the following aspects:

  • What is a pellet heating boiler and what fuel does it use?
  • Unit design.
  • Advantages and disadvantages of a pellet boiler.
  • What to look for when choosing a unit.

What is a pellet boiler

In essence, this is a type of solid fuel boiler, but designed for a specific type of fuel (pellets) and with the possibility of full or partial automation of the work process.

It is the ability to function autonomously with minimal intervention from the owners that makes pellet boilers radically different from conventional solid fuel boilers.

They have a higher efficiency (efficiency factor) - both due to the characteristics of the pellets and due to the design features. Pellet boilers can be either highly specialized - intended only for pellets, or combined (universal) - capable of running on wood or coal, some models operate on almost any biomass; husks, wood waste and the like can be used as fuel.

Alexander DimitrevRepresentative of DOZATECH, a manufacturer of pellet boilers

At specific design The boiler in it can burn any biomass of very low calorie content - wood chips, bark, wood waste, agricultural waste, sunflower husks and more.

Pellets, or wood pellets- environmentally neutral fuel, obtained mainly from waste from the wood processing industry (chips, shavings, bark), but they can also be from agricultural waste. Pellets appeared in the thirties of the last century, when the first installation for pressing waste from local sawmills into pellets was invented and tested in the state of Idaho. Under strong pressure, the raw material mass is heated, which provokes the formation of lignin, which binds the smallest particles into dense, smooth granules. This allows you to avoid using chemical substances– pellets are completely natural, environmentally safe fuel. The diameter of the granules varies between 6-8 mm, length – up to 50 mm. IN European countries ah pellets belong to standardized types of fuel and are produced according to the DIN plus standard.

In our country, their production is not so developed and supervised; the quality of the granules, on which both the efficiency of the boiler and its performance will depend, is determined visually - white ones are better than gray ones. Unlike wood, pellets have low humidity and high density, which is why when burning, more heat is released and a minimal amount of carbon dioxide is released. If we translate this property into numbers, for comparison, we get the following ratio: when burning a ton of pellets, the same amount of heat will be released as when burning 1.6 tons of firewood. The ash content will be only 0.5% of the burned volume, and the emitted flue gases will be colorless.

The approximate calorific value of pellets is 5 kW/hour per kilogram, but how close the actual efficiency will be to the theoretical data depends on the quality of the pellets themselves and on the performance of the boiler in which they will be burned.

Unit design

The pellet boiler itself consists of three main components:

  • Furnace - equipped with a special burner (retort or torch) and two doors (control, cleaning).
  • Convective zone - a heat exchanger is located in it: it can be vertical, horizontal or combined, tubular or plate type. In the convective zone, the coolant in the heat exchanger is heated by gases released during the combustion of pellets. Most units are designed only for heating and have one circuit, but some models have two circuits: heating and water heating.
  • Ash pan - it receives combustion waste (insignificant during normal afterburning), which is periodically removed through the cleaning door.

However, the listed nodes are, although the main part, but only a part for which the APT prefix is ​​required ( automatic feeding fuel). This attachment includes the following components:

  • A hopper is a container for pellets of a certain volume, from which the pellets enter the combustion chamber; it can be built-in or external.
  • Auger - portions feed granules to the burner as needed, driven by a gearbox.
  • A fan is necessary to maintain the combustion process, since the boiler design does not provide for natural draft.

Since a pellet boiler is automated system, its device also includes a control unit with a display, which displays information about the current state, and through which the main operating parameters are set. The controller regulates the ignition of the burner, the supply of granules and air, and the stop when reaching desired temperature, maintaining the heating mode selected by the owner.

Depending on the capacity of the bunker and the selected mode, one filling can be enough for several days, a week or even more.

To make the heating process fully automatic, the boiler can be connected directly to the storage - a pneumatic pipe will supply granules to the bunker as it is emptied.

Advantages and disadvantages of a pellet boiler

One of the main advantages of pellet boilers is their efficiency; in this indicator they are second only to gas main heating. This is due to the high efficiency of the equipment, the high calorific value of pellets, and their affordable cost. The second aspect that attracts consumers is process automation. Unlike other solid fuel boilers, pellet boilers do not require constant monitoring and regular manual fuel supply. For units operating on diesel fuel, it also wins in terms of environmental friendliness - no odors or black smoke.

The main disadvantage of these units is their substantial price - these are the most expensive solid fuel units, the cost of an automated station made in Europe is measured in hundreds of thousands, domestic ones are slightly cheaper. Not every private owner can afford such infusions into heating system of your home. However, with equipment longevity now approaching two decades, it is a wise investment in the long term.

In addition to the high cost, the disadvantages include energy dependence - the automation requires electricity, and if a shutdown of several hours (on average up to 10) is acceptable and will not disrupt the settings, then a longer shutdown will stop the operation of the boiler. The station must be equipped with an independent energy source, which will further increase the cost of the system.

What to look for when choosing a unit

Despite the relative “youth” of this type of solid propellant, the market big choice boilers of foreign and domestic production. To choose the optimal unit for your conditions, you should pay attention to several important parameters.

Power – each manufacturer has a fairly wide the lineup, including both domestic and industrial units. As with any heating equipment, power is measured in kilowatts (kW), the power of household models starts from 15 kW. Since heating a room with average heat loss requires about 1 kW per 10 m², such a boiler is capable of heating a house of 150 m². However, it is worth considering that the boiler is needed with a small margin.

One of modern species solid fuel are pellets, fuel granules, which are actively used in special pellet boilers for heating residential buildings, commercial and industrial facilities.


What are pellets?

is a granular type of solid fuel cylindrical, from compressed waste from agricultural production and the woodworking industry. The main materials for the manufacture of fuel pellets are:
  • sawdust, wood chips, bark, slabs of coniferous and deciduous trees ( best option) wood species;
  • peat;
  • sunflower husks (the most common solution), rapeseed (the best option), straw of various grain crops, corn, husks, cake and much more;
  • charcoal;
  • household waste.
The base binder is a substance of plant origin - lignin, a natural polymer contained in almost any plant, capable of being plasticized during granulation under the influence of a sufficiently high operating temperature.


Pellet classification

Main normative document, predetermining the production of pellets, is the standard European Union EN 14961-2, adopted in January 2011, on its basis the international quality certificate EN Plus is issued. There are three classes of granular fuel:

  • ENPlus-A1 – best premium quality, diameter up to 8.00 mm, ash content up to 0.70%, another name is “white granules”;
  • ENPlus-A2 – with ash content up to 1.50%, also called industrial granules, can consist of mixed wood species;
  • EN-B – standard quality, with ash content up to 3.00%, an alternative name for agropellets.

In terms of cost, the most expensive pellets are ENPlus-A1 class, the cheapest are EN-B class, it is better not to take substandard fuel.




Basic parameters of pellets


Pellets for heating are granules of white or shades Brown, length from 10.00 to 30.00 mm, diameter 6.00 and 8.00 mm, fuel with a diameter of 10.00 mm is less common, the maximum diameter of granules is 25.00 mm. The darkening of pellets is associated with the presence in the structure of the material of various non-combustible residues (dust, earth, and a number of others).




The main parameters of pellets are:

  • ash content (the lower, the better and the less ash, so the boiler will have to be cleaned much less often);
  • humidity;
  • calorific value (ENPlus-A1 – 18.0 MJ/kg, ENPlus-A2 – 18.0 MJ/kg, EN-B – 15.0 MJ/kg).
  • total length;
  • degree of density;
  • diameter;
  • bulk mass;
  • abrasion class.



Pellet manufacturing technology

The production of pellets consists of pressing waste that has been previously dried to a certain moisture content and crushed to a given fraction under a pressure of about 300 atmospheres. At the same time, the use of glue and other additives is prohibited (sometimes unscrupulous businessmen add sand and other non-combustible impurities to them to increase the weight of the granules, and synthetic polymers to ensure adhesive properties).


Main stages of pellet production:



  • Grinding. The raw material enters the crusher and is crushed to a given fraction;
  • Drying. The resulting raw material is dried to the moisture percentage specified by the technology (about 10% plus or minus 2%);
  • Pressing. The dried raw material enters a press granulator, in which it is pressed into granules of a given length and diameter. As a result of compression, friction, and adiabatic processes, the temperature can reach 100°C Celsius, resulting in the formation of thermal energy, softens lignin and particles stick together into granules. This process is called pelletization;
  • Cooling. To ensure the strength of the fuel granules, the pellets are cooled after pressing;
  • Packing and sending to the consumer.

In some cases, water treatment and additional grinding are performed before pressing; everything directly depends on the type and quality of the raw materials from which the granules are made.

Pressing is carried out in molds, ring-type dies using rotary rollers (rollers), which press the raw material into cone-shaped dies located on the matrix. On the other hand, the resulting granules are cut with special knives.

After cooling, the pellets are sieved and small particles are sent for recycling. Closed cycle technology is virtually waste-free; only non-combustible impurities are removed.

In order to make one ton of pellets, three to five cubes of wood waste are needed. The raw material is compacted approximately three times. To prepare one ton of pellets you need from 30.00 to 50.00 kW per hour.






Necessary machines for the production of pellets


Equipment for the production of sawdust pellets includes:
  • crushers (chopping machines) for grinding the raw materials used to a given fraction;
  • dryers to ensure the required percentage of humidity of the initial, base raw materials;
  • hammer mills (in some cases they are replaced by flaring machines, disintegrators, everything depends directly on the characteristics of the feedstock), make it possible to obtain raw materials with a fraction of up to 4.00 mm;
  • screw mixers (used when using overdried raw materials with a moisture content of less than 8.00%, by dosed supply of steam or water);
  • presses (differ in the type of matrix used, which can be flat or round).
Dryers, in turn, are divided into:
  • principle of operation (can be drum or belt (cost more, but are more productive and safer to use));
  • drying technologies (using flue gases, water vapor or hot air);
  • the fuel used (gas, wood waste, coal, etc.).

Special equipment is used for burning pellets -pellet boiler.
Optimal solution in terms of price/quality/performance characteristics for Russian market This heating devices Polish manufacturer Metal-Fach, including line boilersSD DUO, SD DUO BIO, SMART, SMART EKO, S.E.G.SEG BIO.

They have a steel heat exchanger (P265GH steel with a thickness of 4.00 to 6.00 mm is used for production), an efficiency of over 90%, an innovative, modern type controllerFL 310LGRTC, with continuous logic and PID control, as well as an upper combustion chamber and a retort type burner.





Also worthy offers are:

  • domestic boilers, created in Krasnoyarsk,ZOTA series Pellet;
  • joint development of a Russian-Polish companyVulkan, rulers ECO;
  • pellet boilers from the legendary Italian companyFACI Caldaie, rulers FACI SSL/SSP.




You can purchase pellet boilers in a wide range, get the necessary advice, order installation, warranty and post-warranty service in Krasnoyarsk from the Kras-Kotel company.




Pellet sales form


Pellets are sold:

  • in bulk;

    • In big bags (large packages weighing up to several tons, classic packaging from 500.00 to 1200.00 kg);

    small packaging, several tens of kilograms (standard containers from 10.00 to 20.00 kg).

The cheapest fuel pellets are those sold in bulk, the most expensive are pellets in small packaging.

How to distinguish high, premium quality pellets from substandard fuel?

When purchasing pellets, you need to pay attention to:

  • the surface of the material must be smooth, shiny, without signs of deformation (swelling and microcracks);
  • diameter (this parameter is established by the standards, the minimum value is 4.00 mm, the maximum is 10 mm, also standard are fuel pellets that have a diameter of 6.00 and 8.00 mm, please note that a pellet boiler operates on pellets of a certain fraction);
  • length (this parameter should be about 20.00 - 30.00 mm, this optimal value, although the equipment can also operate on pellets longer than 50.00 mm);
  • smell (the granules should have a slightly sweet smell of freshly prepared glue, this a clear sign excellent quality);
  • color (it is important to remember that the highest quality pellets are white or slightly cream-colored, agropellets are predominantly dark, and wood pellets dark color indicates that bark, other impurities or mixed wood species have been added);
  • dust (there should be a minimum amount of dust on pellets, so it is better to buy fuel in sealed packaging);
  • impurities (the presence of non-combustible impurities in the granules themselves can only be checked by burning them and determining the residue in the form of solid particles).

Advantages and disadvantages of solid fuel in the form of fuel pellets

The main advantages of pellets:

  • environmental cleanliness (when burning this type of solid fuel, carbon dioxide is released in volumes equal to the volumes formed during the natural decomposition of various wood wastes);
  • Fire safety(pellets are less susceptible to self-ignition than other types of solid fuel);
  • optimal humidity(8-10% versus 30-50% for logs) and density (one and a half times higher than that of firewood);
  • remarkable calorific value, one ton of fuel pellets is enough to produce 3500 kW/h of thermal energy;
  • constant and very high bulk density, which facilitates logistics, loading and transportation of pellets;
  • the uniformity of the structure in shape and size makes it possible to automate all processes of loading and loading and combustion of fuel pellets in boilers.

Cons of pellets:

  • high cost of solid fuel modern stage;
  • to burn pellets you need a special pellet boiler equipped with automation, which also costs more;
  • low volume of supply on the market, the situation will improve over time, but pellets must be purchased in reserve and provided warehousing without allowing excess moisture to enter.

Pellet cost

Let's take the initial data:

  • the average cost of industrial pellets in the Krasnoyarsk Territory as of December 2015 is 3,500 rubles per ton (3.50 per kilogram);
  • the price of birch firewood is 1,300 rubles per cubic meter, in terms of tons (a cubic meter of dry birch firewood equals 650 kg of weight) is 1,846 rubles per ton (1.85 rubles per kilogram);
  • the calorific value of birch firewood is 10 MJ/kg;
  • The calorific value of wood industrial pellets is 18 MJ/kg.

In order to obtain 100 MJ of thermal energy, you need 10 kg of firewood (100/10), that is, 18.50 rubles, or 5.5 kg of pellets (100/18), that is, 19.44 rubles. The difference in cost is 1 ruble per 100 MJ. Moreover, it is necessary to note the undoubted advantages of pellets with an ash content of 1.5% over firewood with an ash content of 10%, the difference is obvious.

It should be taken into account that the pellet market is growing dynamically, and with an increase in supply, the price will undoubtedly decrease. By the way, pellets can be made independently from agricultural or wood waste. Read below how.

We make pellets with our own hands

You can make pellets with your own hands. To do this we need to assemble a granulator. It is necessary to take wood or agricultural waste, grind it to a particle fraction of 30.00-50.00 mm, dry it to a moisture content of 15.00%, grind it to particles with a fraction of 2.00 mm and place it in a granulator. In the case when you use agricultural waste as an initial, basic raw material, such as sunflower husks, rapeseed or sawdust, there is no need to crush anything. But if branches, bark, or various substandard lumber are used, it is necessary to crush, although the use of a granulator allows you to omit this operation.

The dryer is made from an ordinary metal barrel.
The granulator is best used with flat matrix(cylindrical matrix in the form of a perforated drum more difficult decision) and a perforated disk with cone-shaped outlet holes with a diameter of 8.00-10.00 mm, this is the optimal solution.

You need to buy a matrix and rollers (the production of spare parts is carried out by manufacturers of equipment for the production of animal feed). The matrix is ​​also made independently, from steel with a thickness of at least 20.00 mm, and gears are used as rollers. You will also need a gearbox and an electric motor with a power equal to or greater than 15.00 kW. It is necessary to ensure rotation in the range of 60-120 revolutions per minute. The shaft can be installed both horizontally and vertically; the main thing is to make tanks for loading the raw materials and subsequent unloading of pellets.



Stages of making pellets:

  • we take or make a matrix, make a hole in the center for the gearbox and always a groove intended for landing;
  • gears (rollers can be used, the width of which must match the width work surface matrix used), are put on the shaft strictly perpendicular to the shaft axis of the installed gearbox using a conventional coupling;
  • the cylindrical body is welded from sheet steel or steel pipe, taking into account the dimensions of the matrix, which should rotate easily and freely, by providing holes for unloading pellets and a tray also made of sheet steel or steel pipe, the bottom and top of the structure can be made detachable to facilitate maintenance;
  • the output shaft of the selected gearbox is strengthened in the lower part of the machine using a coupling and always bearings;
  • the matrix, as well as the rollers, are installed in a cylindrical body;
  • the resulting structure is mounted on a frame made of a channel or an ordinary angle and is rigidly fastened; all that remains is to install the engine and connect the output shaft to the installed gearbox.

The future belongs to pellets and pellet boilers. Specialists of the Kras-Kotel company will help you make right choice pellet boiler, taking into account all your wishes and the characteristics of your home.

When choosing an energy source for heating your premises, you need to answer the question:

“I want an automated boiler?!”

If you are satisfied with a non-automated boiler, into which you will need to load firewood or coal 3-4 times a day, then you can install a wood-burning boiler or boiler long burning. Perhaps you have a lot of free firewood or coal.

In this case, you need to understand one important point, that all long-burning boilers, which claim that one fill is enough for 12-36 hours, actually work this way only if the moisture content of the firewood is 10-12%. To do this, you need to prepare the firewood in advance so that it can sit for 1-2 years, dry out, and only then use it for its intended purpose.

But as a rule, all firewood that is sold in Russia has a humidity of 30-40% and when burning such firewood in long-burning boilers, part of the energy will be spent on drying it to the required humidity and one bookmark will not be enough for the stated 12-36 hours, but in reality will last for 6-12 hours.

If you still need automated heating and you don’t have mains gas, then you have a choice: pellets, diesel, electricity or propane gas.

The cheapest energy source listed is pellets.

Well, now the most important question: what are pellets?

Pellets are biofuels produced from peat, wood waste and waste Agriculture. It is a cylindrical granule of standard size.

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Pellets are a renewable energy source. The most popular and effective are wood pellets; pellets are also made from: buckwheat husks, seed husks, peat, straw, etc.

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Here is a photo of pellets made from various raw materials:

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Compound feed!!! Everyone who sees pellets for the first time thinks so)

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In appearance, all pellets are the same: they have the same shape and dark color, but they have strong differences, I will talk about that later.

How much do pellets cost?

The cost of pellets varies depending on their characteristics and region from 5,500 rubles to 8,500 rubles per 1 ton.

But in fact, the cost of 1 ton of pellets does not mean anything, because it is not clear what it will be monthly expense fuel.

On average, per 200 m2 of living space, monthly fuel consumption is 1400-2000 kg, depending on the insulation of the room. From here you can calculate estimated cost heating with pellets: from 8,400 rubles to 12,000 rubles per month, depending on the insulation of the room and the temperature outside.

Below is a graph of heating costs for various types fuel 200 m2 of living space per year, data are given from thermal engineering calculations based on aggregated indicators:

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The graph shows that the cheapest energy carrier in Russia is

This is main gas, then there are pellets.

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Diesel heating is 2 times more expensive. Electricity is also 2 times more expensive, with the cost of 1 kW of electricity being 2.4 rubles. Propane gas is 1.5 times more expensive.

Also, when using pellets instead of electricity, you release free electrical power.

With an electric boiler, there may be a shortage of electricity. This means that, for example, 10 kW of electricity is allocated to the facility and that’s it. But you need to turn on the TV, kettle, refrigerator and there is nothing left for heating.

For people with energy education and for those who understand thermal power engineering: the cost of 1 gCal of heat is 1,100 rubles, or the cost of 1 kW of heat is 1.1 rubles.

For example: everyone knows the cost of 1 kW of electricity in their premises. If 1 kW costs 3 rubles, then the cost of heating with pellets will be 3 times cheaper.

Where can I get pellets?

Today in Russia there are more than 500 pellet producers. In each region there are 5-7 manufacturers and 10-15 trading companies that sell pellets. Therefore, I can say with confidence that there are a lot of pellets, you won’t be left without pellets.

It is always more profitable to buy pellets in the period May-July (summer), because during this period all pellet manufacturers experience a strong decline in sales.

The heating season has already ended or has not yet begun. The cost of pellets in summer can be 2000 rubles cheaper per 1 ton than in heating season. The peak prices for pellets occur in December and January.

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To do this you need to understand:

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How much does a pellet, diesel or electric boiler cost?

How much will heating cost per year using these types of fuel?

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The heating system itself, regardless of the choice of boiler, will cost approximately the same.

Let's consider the payback period using the example of heating 200 m2 of a residential building:

Conclusion: despite the fact that a pellet boiler is more expensive, installing a pellet boiler will pay for itself in the case of diesel in 1 year, in the case of electricity in 1.5 years.

How are pellets made?

Pellets are obtained by grinding raw materials to flour. It is then dried to a moisture content of 8 to 12%. Further granulation, in special device resembling a “meat grinder” or granulator.

The gluing of wood pellets occurs due to the content of a substance - lignin, which, when heated, ensures the creation of the required shape.

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Pellets are an environmentally friendly fuel

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The pellet production process is as follows:

How do pellets differ from each other?

Diameter (mm). In Russia, pellets of 6 and 8 mm are most often found, but pellets with a diameter of 8 mm are more popular. 6mm pellets are mainly for Italian boilers, or for the supply of pellets for export and pellet fireplaces. 99% of pellet boilers in Russia can consume at least 6 mm or 8 mm pellets.

Ash content (%). This indicator means how much ash will be formed when burning 1 kg of pellets. The lower the ash content, the less frequently the boiler needs to be cleaned. For normal operation of a boiler using wood pellets, their ash content should not exceed 1%. The ash content of agro pellets (buckwheat, sunflower seeds, etc.) is from 3% and above. Accordingly, the boiler will have to be cleaned 3 times more often. I didn’t clean the boiler in time and fuel consumption increased.

- Heat of combustion or calorific value. This indicator means how much energy will be released when 1 kg of fuel is burned. Or the amount of heat released when burning 1 kg of fuel. Accordingly, the higher the combustion heat, the lower the pellet consumption.

Humidity (%) . The humidity of the pellets should be between 8 and 12%; if this figure is higher or lower, the pellets will crumble.

Pellet density. Subject to all production technologies, 1m3 pellets = 650kg. If the pellets are not dense, this reduces their efficiency and accordingly increases fuel consumption.

Package. There are 2 main types of packaging such as big bag (600-1000 kg) and bag (15-40 kg). Depending on the storage space, bunker and method of feeding pellets, the client chooses the packaging that suits him.

Bags are most often placed on a pallet and wrapped in packaging film, because... Since the film is not resistant to sharp objects, the pallets must be of high quality and not have a sharp surface. Also, pellets in bags can be shipped in bulk.

How to store pellets?

Storing pellets is very easy. The main enemy of pellets is moisture. Pellets are afraid of direct moisture. They do not absorb humidity from the air.

Therefore, they can be stored in bags outside on pallets and covered with waterproof materials, and big bags can simply be stored on the street. because they are already waterproof.

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Advantages of pellets over other types of fuel

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Advantages over diesel fuel:

    The cost of heating with pellets is 2.5 times cheaper than with diesel fuel;

    Pellets are non-flowing, non-flammable, non-odorous;

    Pellets are a renewable energy source. The cost of diesel is growing faster than the cost of pellets.

Advantage over electricity:

    Heating with pellets is 2-5 times cheaper than with electricity;

    Liberation of the free electrical power;

    There are no high-power electric boilers.

Advantage over wood and coal:

    Pellets have an ash content of 0.5%, firewood and coal have 30-40%. Pellets have lower ash content and higher boiler efficiency;

    A pellet boiler can operate autonomously from 7 to 30 days. Possible for pellets autonomous operation from 1 to 30 days;

    Coal is dirty and burns with soot.

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Advantage over gas tanks (propane gas):

    The cost of 1 kW is 2 times cheaper than using gas from a tank;

    Pellet boilers do not require approval from the supervision (up to 1 mW);

    The price of propane gas is rising rapidly;

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Advantage over mains gas:

    Not all territories are gasified;

    Payment is required for connecting to the main gas and mains up to the point of connection;

    The price of 1 kW from main gas is only 20-30% lower, connection to the main gas will pay off only after 10 years;

    Permits are issued slowly;

    Gas fuel is constantly becoming more expensive;

    In the event of an accident on the gas main, you will be left without heating;

    It is impossible to extend gas to the “wild corners” of nature;

    Pellet boilers do not require supervision approval (up to 1 mW);

    Pellets are a renewable and environmentally friendly source of energy.

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How does a pellet boiler work?

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Device

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A pellet boiler consists of 3 main parts: a heat exchanger and burner, a fuel supply system, and a pellet storage bin.

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Operating principle of a pellet boiler

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Pellets are poured into the bunker. Using the fuel supply system, they are supplied to the combustion chamber (burner). A powerful air flow is pumped into the burner using a fan and the combustion process and water heating occur.

Pellets without forced submission air does not burn because it has an increased density. The boiler reaches the set water temperature of 80-85 C, turns off, and the supply of air and pellets stops. The pellets in the burner simply smolder. When the water temperature cools by 5-7 degrees, the boiler turns on again and this happens cyclically.

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Pellet boiler maintenance

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The frequency of filling the bunker with pellets depends on its volume; on average, a standard bunker is enough for 3-7 days of boiler operation. The boiler must be cleaned 1-2-3 times a month, depending on the ash content of the pellets and the design of the heat exchanger. The ash pan of the boiler is also emptied of ash and the burner is cleaned of “coke”.

The pellet boiler can be serviced by unqualified personnel; the service time takes 5-10 minutes. To operate a pellet boiler you do not need to have any special skills.

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Placement of the pellet boiler

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The pellet boiler can be placed in basements With low ceilings. The boiler can be placed in outbuildings, as well as in detached buildings. For reliable operation automation systems, the temperature in these rooms must be positive. It is important to ensure easy access to the pellets and the pellet boiler from all sides.

Do I need permits or approvals to install a pellet boiler?

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Pellets are non-explosive and environmentally friendly fuel. Pellet boiler - belongs to the segment of solid fuel boilers. When installing a pellet boiler, no permits or approvals are required.

What to do with a pellet boiler if main gas is supplied in 3-5 years?

If you are planning to use pellet heating as a temporary heat source because you are waiting for a connection to the main gas, then you do not need to worry about unnecessary expenses.

You can sell the boiler to us after it has been used. We call this function trade-in of pellet boilers.

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Also, the pellet boiler can be left as a backup.

Call us, we will select a boiler for you based on power and calculate the monthly consumption of pellets in comparison with other energy sources.

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Why pellets?

Wood pellets are an environmentally friendly type of fuel that is produced from waste from the wood processing industry. They are the highest quality and most common type of fuel.

What are the main advantages of wood pellets along with other types of fuel?

1. Environmental benefits

1.1 Reducing the greenhouse effect

When burned, the same amount of carbon dioxide is released into the air as the tree absorbed during growth, the so-called closed carbon cycle.

Whereas when burning fossil fuels, carbon dioxide accumulated over millions of years is released. All this increases the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere and, therefore, aggravates the greenhouse effect.

1.2 Low risks during transportation

The risk of environmental pollution due to leakage of oil products and tanker accidents is eliminated. There is absolutely no danger of fires, explosions, or water pollution.

2. Socio-economic benefits

2.1 New jobs

Thanks to wood, as well as the use of wood, new jobs are created in the industrial, forestry, agricultural and service sectors. This significantly affects the cost of fuel and also strengthens social structure region.

2.2 Security of supply

Wood is a raw material that grows constantly and, accordingly, is not exhausted. If we assume that times will come when fossil fuels are used up, then wood will help us out.

2.3 Price advantages

Pellets are a cost-effective alternative to fossil fuels. Their prices are formed regardless of the prices of oil and gas, the resources of which may be exhausted over time.

3. Ability to compete with other biogenic fuels

Wood pallets have advantages not only in comparison with fossil energy sources. If you compare pellets with other types of biogenic fuel, you can find the following advantages of pellets:

3.1 Warehousing

Due to the high energy concentration of pellets, they can be stored in a smaller storage area than any other solid biogenic fuel. This allows you to save fuel volume for the entire heating season.

3.2 Transport

The standardized sizes and flowability of pellets make them easy to transport. This also makes it possible to automate the heating system: pellets are transported using a tank truck, blown into the warehouse, and then automatically fed into the boiler.

Due to the listed advantages, the production of wood pellets has currently doubled compared to 2007.

Pellets appeared on our market relatively recently. They came to us from America and European countries, where they have been used for a long time. However, this type of fuel is becoming increasingly popular in our country. Using pellets, you can organize heating in a private home as efficiently as possible.

To understand exactly what the benefits of pellets are, you need to understand what exactly they are. High-quality pellets consist of pure wood, they do not contain chemical additives or other impurities. The wood used to create them is granulated after pre-treatment. Raw material first crushed to obtain a homogeneous mass consisting of elements of a certain fraction. Then the prepared wood is dried to ten percent moisture content and crushed again. Ready heating material obtained after packaging the formed granules.


The color of the pellets can be different, since much depends on the quality of pre-cleaning. Light pellets are more preferable because the wood has been thoroughly cleaned before pressing and forming pellets. If the fuel is dark in color, there are particles of bark left in it. In a private house, the boiler will have to be cleaned frequently, as these particles will create carbon deposits. Dark pellets are usually used in industrial boilers. Their diameter, as a rule, is significantly larger. They are supplied in large quantities of two to three tons and are used to generate heat for settlements and industrial facilities.


There are several options for using this type of fuel. Initially, the production of pellets is carried out for burning them in pellet boilers and special fireplaces. This application is the most effective, because pellets were created precisely as a heating material. When burning them, the boiler heats up very quickly if additional oxygen is supplied. Compared to other types of fuel, pellets are considered one of the most economical options. In addition, they provide a stable heat transfer process. Many convenient features are usually found in modern pellet boilers. During operation, granules can be supplied automatically. They can have a built-in temperature controller, oxygen supply controllers and much more. When burning pellets, the efficiency is ninety percent or more.


In ordinary fireplaces and boilers, it is also possible to use heating pellets, but you will need to constantly add fuel manually. You will also need to carefully monitor the consumption of pellets, control the oxygen supply and heating temperature. When using pellets in equipment not intended for them, you must not forget that this type of fuel burns much faster than, for example, firewood, and therefore the fireplace or boiler will heat up faster. The advantages of heating with pellets include the absence of the need for large quantities storage space. Before heating equipment they can be carefully placed in bags or some containers. You can even store pellets in residential premises, since they do not contain chemical components or harmful impurities. This is a very environmentally friendly fuel, the safety of which is comparable to natural wood.


You can also take pellets on a hike if there is no easy access to firewood. Starting a fire in camping conditions using pellets is quite simple. It's easy to move on and keep the fire burning. Pellets today are often used for other purposes than their intended purpose. For example, they fill toilets for animals. The harmlessness and safety of wood makes it possible not to worry about the health of your pets. This heating material is very versatile. You can also find it in automotive services, where pellets are used as an effective absorbent.

What raw materials are used

In our country, coniferous species are most often used to make pellets, but higher quality fuel is obtained from the wood of deciduous plants. Prevalence coniferous species This is explained by the fact that the equipment required for their processing is less expensive and complex. In addition, they are pressed hardwoods quite bad, so you have to spend money and time to select pressing, moistening and processing modes for them. More powerful equipment is also required. At the same time, in the domestic market the cost of pellets depends very little on the material.


When burning birch pellets, more heat is released than when burning coniferous pellets, however, the difference is small. But at the same time, birch wood does not contain resins that settle in the chimney. When using pine pellets, the chimney must be cleaned periodically.

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