21.01.2013

The main difference between a bath and a sauna is temperature regime... There are several types of baths - dry-air (sauna), wet (public steam room) and Russian steam bath... The Russian steam room has high air humidity (40-70%), and the optimum temperature in the steam room is 50-60 ° C.

Good bath - hot steam

The air humidity in the steam room and outside has almost the same indicators. The Russian bath has a mild effect on the human body. The ideal ratio of temperature and humidity in a Russian steam room is obtained when the heat-absorbing heater is made of bricks. It is believed that even if a metal stove is faced with stone, there will be no such effect.

Steaming in a Russian bath

In order to maintain the required temperature in the steam room, the heater must be located in this particular room. Such an option is also allowed when the stove is heated from the rest room, and the other three walls are located in the steam room. Quite often, this is how the heater is positioned in the bath. It will not be possible to obtain the optimum temperature if the stove is not properly planned, when only one side of the heater comes out into the steam room.

In order for the steam in the bath to be "light", you need to be a master of the bath business. When the stones are not warmed up, and small droplets of water are felt in the air, the steam will be “heavy”, while it should be close to saturated in all respects. This is achieved by heating the stones in a closed oven. The door is only opened to add water. In the Russian bath, steam is created independently, that is, it is removed from the stove.

The stove is the heart of the Russian bath

Steam is the gaseous state of a substance. When it is only in a gaseous state, the steam is dry and saturated. Wet saturated vapor is produced when the substance is in a biphasic state. This occurs when dry saturated steam and boiling liquid are combined.

Russian sauna heater

Such optimal humidity and temperature indicators can be achieved at home and in the bathroom, but the resulting steam will be harmful to the human body. It is even possible to burn yourself if you inhale the heavy vapor. Some trying to get desired temperature in the steam room, do not take into account the importance of obtaining dry steam.

Thermal insulation of the ceiling in the bath

Undesirable in the Russian bath. When the stones are heated to 200-250 degrees, the air overheats. In the Russian bath, it is very important to get "light steam". That is why they choose those stoves in which the stones are closed. Only with this oven design can good steam be extracted.

In the bath, fatigue is removed, breathing is trained, the work of the heart is stimulated, the body is hardened and healed as a whole. However, we must not forget that exposure to high temperatures and humidity is a kind of shock for the body. As the temperature rises, the skin heats up for the first minutes. After this, the temperature of all internal organs increases.

In the Russian bath, steam is extracted from the stove by throwing water on the stones. Particles of liquid become smaller, and the steam is not scalding, but pleasant, the body easily tolerates it. It takes skill and concentration to make good steam. In the sauna, the conditions are stable during the entire stay there.

In the Russian steam room, on the other hand, conditions are constantly changing. You can't just lie in it, but you need to perform some actions. It is necessary to add and lower steam, as well as perform other actions. Therefore, a Russian bath requires knowledge and the ability to steam, as well as more time. It is necessary to invest not only the mind, but also the soul in the vaping process. The door in the oven is opened only to add water to the stones. The stove, which is installed in the bath, must have a minimum heat transfer from the walls.

Russian bath interior

In the Russian steam room, ventilation is also important. In such a bath overpressure... The steam that comes out of the oven rises and collects under the ceiling. Steam is made in different ways. Some put it down with sheets, towels, fans. Sometimes the steaming ones themselves wave brooms.

The steam that rises up settles on the wood. Since the wood is cold, condensation occurs. The wood first absorbs moisture, and then a film appears on it (1-3 mm). A steam bag or pocket is formed. Experts say that it should be 2.4-2.5 meters high. A threshold is also required to prevent steam from escaping. In the bathhouse, a low door is made so that steam does not penetrate from the steam pocket.

In order to keep steam in a pocket under the ceiling, it must be impervious to steam and sufficiently heat-absorbing. Such a ceiling is made as follows. First, reflective insulation (penofol) is attached to the floor beams. Then a board is installed that will absorb the steam, thereby preventing it from escaping. Such a board is called moisture-accumulating board. Its thickness is about 40-50 mm.

Covers such a ceiling, and high-strength wrapping paper (kraft paper) is laid on top and everything is poured with clay-sand mortar. The thickness of such a layer is usually 30-50 mm. After that, insulation is covered, its thickness should be at least 150 mm. The next layer is a windproof film. In order for the temperature regime in the bath to be maintained, it is necessary to make the ceiling correctly. Walls do not play a big role in the bath. Although, if you wish, you can insulate the walls, or sheathe it with wooden clapboard.

Steam room thermometer and hygrometer

Special fan made of stainless steel for wooden handle, which looks like an oval loop, is used to lower the steam. The fabric is usually pulled over it. Move steam to closed door, when everyone is already in the bath, so as not to lose some of the steam.

When preparing steam, one pours water on the stones, and the other disperses the air with a fan. They stop pouring water when there is already enough steam in the bath. For this reason, the ceiling in the bath is not made low so that there is a steam supply. In the bath, besides steam, there should be enough air.

In order for it to be pleasant and easy to breathe in the bath, the air must be infused. Water is poured onto the hot stones. The steam, mixing with the air of the steam room, interacts with it, and as a result, a good and light breath is obtained.

You can also lie down in the bathhouse. A floating broom can release steam. The Russian bath must take a long time to prepare and "stand". Over the course of six to seven hours, the temperature should rise gradually. During this time, the stones are heated to the required temperature, and after that you can start bathing procedures.

The bathhouse must be well and properly built so that it can be easily heated and ignited the stove. When it is necessary to take into account the fact that the recommended dimensions of the steam room are approximately 2.5x2.5x2.5. Planning smaller sizes is not recommended. Usually in a family bath 3-4 persons take bath procedures at the same time. The stove is located closer to the door. There should be a distance of 70-80 cm between the stove and the wall. Basins, brooms and benches can be placed in this place.

In the steam room, biometric thermometers are installed, alcohol, but mercury thermometers do not recommend using. After a broken mercury thermometer, the steam room will be completely unusable. Of course, there is a special way of collecting mercury and reusable room treatments (demercuration), but this is a very long and expensive process.

Modern interior of the Russian bath

In the Russian steam room, it is necessary to determine the power of the unit. This is important to maintain a comfortable temperature in the steam room. Woodburning stoves are in the lead among sauna stoves. Currently on the market there are big choice... Buyers pay attention to parameters such as dimensions and stylish design equipment. It is necessary to study carefully specifications aggregates. For a Russian bath, the most common stove is a double-walled steel stove, which has both a firebox and a casing.

Having melted the stove, the steam room is heated until the temperature at the shelf level is 55 ° -60 ° C. After that, steam is extracted into the room. Then water is poured onto the stones three times, observing the intervals. Experienced bathers know what to do to eliminate unpleasant odors in the steam room. First, pour a mixture of vinegar and water (0.5 liters) on the stones. The air becomes light and pleasant. A similar procedure is carried out 2 more times, with an interval of 15 minutes, and the air "reaches". At the same time, they make circular movements, thus mixing steam and air. Deep, fragrant and warm steam envelops after the third steaming.

On wooden trellises spreading straw. Fir, juniper, spruce branches are laid on the shelves. On the stones you can splash the infusion of mint, and on the walls - a medicinal infusion of birch with thyme. Bath procedures are completed with brooms, which are pre-soaked in a vat of ice water. They lie down on the shelves and put one broom under their heads, shaking off the liquid from it, and on their face - the second. The body basks in the hot steam, while the soul enjoys the coolness. You can take turns taking out different brooms - oak, linden, and so on. To do this, it is not even necessary to get up from the shelf, but only to reach out and take out a cold broom from the vat.

Make two or three visits to the bath. In order to warm up the body well, the broom is periodically lifted up and shaken with it. After sweating well, you can plunge into the ice hole. After that, the body perceives 70 ° C, and even all 90 ° C. At the end, you can relax at 60 degrees. On the final stage massage the body with birch brooms with soapy foam.

Steam room interior in the bath

The heat generated in the steam room should not burn, but only gently envelop the body. The intensity of the heat depends on where the stove is located and what material it is made of. The ripening time in each bath is individual. For bath sheathing, use different breeds trees that have different characteristics. Uniform heating of both surfaces and air creates coziness and contributes to saturation pleasant aromas herbs. At the same time, comfortable sensations appear gradually while the person is in the bath. The warmth becomes more pleasant every minute.

The speed of air movement affects the microclimate in the bath. If the air is stationary, the evaporation on the body is minimal. When they begin to make whipping movements with a broom, thereby increase the evaporation. Feelings of discomfort may arise as the body warms up and sweats.

• heat the oven. The temperature is chosen individually, and the procedures begin at 40-45 degrees;
• going to the bathhouse, you need to sit down and relax;
• depending on preferences, the bath is for 20-30 minutes, or 3-5 visits are made;
• spray water (5-7 liters) on the walls for the first time, but not on the heater;
• the optimum temperature in the bath is created for a certain humidity;
• you need to rest after the second run.
• having entered the third time, pour water on the ceiling (2-3 liters), then you need to open the heater and warm up the humid air a little. After that, only 50-100 grams of water are poured onto the stones.

Compared to the sauna, the temperature regime in the bath is characterized by increased air humidity. You can increase the humidity and temperature for a short time by pouring stones in the steam room. used to heat stones gas ovens... These are large structures that must store heat. Moreover, this warmth should be enough for a long time of work of a public steam room.

Wet steam in a Russian bath

For such a long period of operation of the bath, the temperature can be different at certain times. For example, in the morning the walls of the stove reach 100 degrees, and the stones are very hot. Opening the door to the steam room, the hovering person feels a strong warmth. During these hours, the ceiling and walls of the steam room become very hot, so in the bath it will more resemble a sauna. In the evening, on the contrary, the walls of the stove and stones cool down. This is also bad for a Russian bath.

The best temperature for a Russian steam room is 60 degrees, and the walls of the stove should not exceed 90 degrees. Otherwise, the stove will overheat the steam room.

There are two circuits in. The first is an internal high-temperature, the second is an external low-temperature. The material from which they are made inner contour- refractory fireclay bricks. The outer contour is made of red brick. Air gap reduces heat radiation and prevents the heater walls from overheating.

Temperature outer surface ovens can be adjusted by opening the circulation doors. Required amount stones are determined by calculations, and on their basis the thermal balance of the steam room is made.

In order to preserve the heat accumulated by the stove, it is necessary that the stones be strongly, but at the same time and evenly warmed up. Therefore, a bell-type mode of heating stones is used. In this mode, not only the required warm-up time is reduced, but also the gas consumption.

Firebox optimal sizes the furnace has divided furnace arches. This design of the firebox protects the supporting arch from overheating. It is also possible to carry out repairs without disassembling the entire oven. The firebox is not connected to the walls of the heat chamber, therefore it is protected from the formation of cracks.

There are sauna lovers who prefer temperatures over 100 degrees. Especially for them, it is possible to regulate the heating of the steam room, that is, to create conditions close to the sauna mode.

There are two ways to do this:

1. In order to free access to the firebox, the firebox door is opened. Heat is radiated into the steam room and the temperature rises.
2. The door for the water supply opens, and then the air dampers.

How to take a steam bath

The designers of the stoves have provided for the possibility of creating a normal temperature regime in the Russian bath. This is very important point so that the steam room can be heated without heating up the oven walls. Thanks to this, in the Russian bath, you can create the optimal temperature and regularly maintain it at the desired level.

With light steam in a bath (for example, with a humidity level of 80%), the following happens: the mass of water breaks up into small droplets. With heavy steam, for example, humidity is 30%, water molecules stick together in one drop. This process in the field of physics is called the degree of dispersion of water, or moisture vapor. Some people confuse this concept with air humidity, but this is not true.

It can be concluded that the higher the temperature in the bath rises, and evaporation occurs from a large surface, the more dispersed the steam. This vapor is called light. Simultaneously with evaporation, another process occurs in the bath - condensation.

You can measure the temperature in the bath using a conventional glass capillary thermometer. In a bath, for example, a temperature of 40 degrees, the thermometer shows the same value. If you understand that the thermometer simulates the temperature of the human body, you can conduct an experiment. To do this, the thermometer should be wetted, the readings will begin to gradually decrease. This will indicate that the temperature of the human body will also drop.

In meteorology, the concept of a wet thermometer (an ordinary thermometer wrapped in a cotton damp swab) has long existed. You can see the temperature in the steam room on a dry bulb thermometer. What temperature the human body will strive for is shown by a wet thermometer.

It is very easy to explain why a thermometer shows different temperatures. When there is moisture on the surface of the body (living or non-living), it evaporates. Evaporation of the liquid will cool the object. The concept of a wet bulb thermometer is very important in meteorology. It is quite clear that speaking about the temperature regime in the bath, it is necessary to mention the humidity.

A person must adapt to each bath. Lovers of the steam room believe that the nature of the bath is best known not by the builder, but by the bath attendant himself. It will still need to be studied. It is necessary not only to build a Russian bath, but also to achieve the creation of steam in it. They say that there are no two identical Russian baths, but a truly Russian person will adapt and make good steam, even in a not-so-good steam room.

Russian bath - bath of health

Conclusion!

A number of factors affect the temperature regime in the bath. What is important is the temperature in the steam room, the humidity and the speed of air movement. The heat radiation from the oven and its intensity are of no less importance. The design of the stove, bathhouse and a number of other factors affect the climatic parameters.

Have a nice time for the body and peace of mind in winter it is best in the steam room. But which one to choose? How to set the temperature there to really improve your health?

Steam rooms comparison (temperature, humidity)

There are many types of different pairs. Almost every nation has contributed something of its own to the art of body washing with the use of steam. The most common today are called the Russian steam bath, Turkish hammam and Finnish sauna. New products are gaining popularity. infrared saunas... Below is more detailed about how many degrees are in the bath, sauna and hammam and what Maximum temperature in sauna.

Of course, this is the optimum temperature for almost all categories of people. Experienced bath attendants, as a rule, prefer it hot. Comfort temperature for them in a Russian bath is in the range of 90-120 degrees Celsius. Coming to public bath, where, as a rule, these seasoned bath attendants gather, be prepared to meet with just such a temperature.

Russian steam bath

The Russian bath is called a steam room for a reason. Its big advantage is the absence of a big difference between the humidity in the bath and outside its window. Optimum temperature in the bathhouse, 60-90 degrees are maintained by means of a heater or stove, onto which water is poured to achieve the desired humidity level.

The optimum temperature in a Russian bath is in the range of 60-90 degrees. Experienced bath attendants can feel comfortable at temperatures up to 100-120 degrees Celsius.

Russian bath is the only steam room with such interesting tradition like a massage with a broom. Temperature and humidity in a Russian bath are considered optimal for removing toxins in the absence of a strong load on the body. During one visit, you can stay in the Russian steam room 2-4 times for 15-20 minutes.

Finnish sauna

The Finnish sauna is not at all the same as the Russian bath. The temperature here is much higher - about 70-110 degrees, and the humidity is much lower - 5-15%.

Optimally in one session Finnish sauna visit the steam room no more than 2 times for 5-10 minutes. Break for at least half an hour.

It is believed that the temperature in the sauna is normal - 90-100 degrees, but if you feel unhealthy, then get out of there as soon as possible. It's just that dry air is not suitable for you. Try a Russian steam room or hamam.

The preparation of the bath includes the creation of the correct ratio between temperature and humidity in the Russian bath, and the preparation of steam. And only with the correct ratio of temperature and humidity, the bath will have a healing effect.

Russian bath preparation

Aromatic additives for the Russian bath

As aromatic additives, you can use fir, menthol, lavender and | other essential oils(it is enough to dissolve from 10 to 20 drops in 2-3 liters of water), pine extract, 1 honey, kvass, mustard, instant coffee.
It is important not only to properly prepare flavored water, but also to properly steam with it.

First splash on upper part stove ladle hot water without additives, then immediately water with any product, then again 2-3 times clean water and again a portion of flavored. You do not need to pour a lot of water, each portion should contain no more than 300-400 g.

One more thing important note: Select aromatic additives strictly individually, focusing on the taste and needs of each. A scent that you really like and only makes you feel good can cause exactly the opposite reactions in your friends or loved ones. Therefore, it is advisable to limit the use of various drugs in family baths. In public institutions, it is better to refuse them, so as not to cause possible discomfort to others.

Brooms for a Russian bath

Baths and various brooms saturate the air with a unique aroma, however, they are intended not only and not so much for this. A broom is primarily a massage instrument that has a beneficial effect on the skin, and through it, on the entire body.

Therefore, it should be prepared not only based on one's own taste, but also taking into account the state of the body and existing diseases. For a broom, you can use the branches of almost any trees and herbs, if they do not crumble, do not have thorns and do not contain harmful substances... Let's talk about this next.

Bath procedures have a strong healing effect, however, if you are often sick and want to temper your body and strengthen your health, you can study the book and with its help you will get rid of many of your ailments forever.

Table of contents:

Proven: Heat and Steam Heal

Do you like bath procedures? Do you know what temperature in the bath is best for relaxing and having fun? And you also need to take into account the humidity of the air, as well as the presence of steam. The higher the humidity in the steam room, the more people feels hot.

Temperature and humidity in different types baths can be very different.

1. Russian bath. The air in them has a high humidity and a low level of heat. The humidity in the steam room is regulated by pouring water over the hot stones, which are heated in the stove. The higher the humidity of the air, the worse it is tolerated by the body. The optimum temperature for a Russian bath is 60-70 degrees Celsius, and the air humidity is 90%. High humidity in the room also has its advantages: the body warms up completely, with all internal organs and joints. Traditionally, brooms are used. They play the role of a kind of massager. It is known that massage is more beneficial if the body is already warmed up. In the process of steaming in a Russian bath, blood circulation increases, pores open, muscles relax, slags come out through sweat.
2. Turkish bath. The air and temperature are very different from the conditions in Russian. Women like it more, as it does not tire the body and is better tolerated. The air temperature here is not higher than 50 ° С, and the humidity is almost 100%. The steam in the Turkish bath is very thick despite low level heat. You can sit in it longer than in the Russian one.
3. .Humidity of air in Finnish saunas is much lower than in other saunas. The air is dry and the temperature rises high. Not everyone takes such indicators easily. Discomfort brings dry mouth, burning sensation in the nose when breathing hot dry air. The average temperature in a Finnish sauna is 70-110 degrees Celsius, and maybe even higher. Air humidity is only 10-15%.

How does heat affect the body?

When a person takes bath procedures, his whole body temperature rises. In the first 5-10 minutes, only the skin heats up, in the next 10 - everything internal organs... To keep the sweating process going properly, you should periodically wipe off the sweat.

For health - in the bath!

When blood circulates faster, blood pressure rises. The legs and arms are filled with warmth, so such procedures are useful for stagnant blood in the extremities. But for people who have problems with the cardiovascular system and blood pressure, going to the steam room can be harmful.

It is contraindicated to take such procedures for patients suffering from cancer, epilepsy, asthma, ischemia and brain diseases. Regular visits to the steam room and adherence to certain rules help to get rid of some ailments:

• Obesity
• Colds
• Allergies
• Circulatory problems
• Temperature increase

Temperature increase

There are always three sections in the room: a dressing room, a dressing room, a steam room. Each next one is hotter than the previous one. The temperature difference in the first room compared to the last is approximately 40 degrees Celsius. In the changing room - 23-25 ​​° С with a humidity of 60%, in the dressing room - 27-29 ° С, humidity - 80%, and even higher in the steam room - 50-90 degrees with a humidity of 70%. The fever rises gradually so that the body gradually gets used to the heat. In the pool, the water should not be hot. It is desirable to keep it cool, 10-25 degrees Celsius, creating a contrast after the hot steam.

Scientists conducted research: what is the level of heat in dry air and how long it can withstand human body... They concluded: the higher the temperature, the less time a person can sit in the steam room:

• 71 ° С - 1 hour
• 82 ° C - 49 minutes
• 93 ° C - 33 minutes
• 104 ° C - 26 minutes

A person can breathe at 116 degrees Celsius, although there have been cases when people tolerated 130 degrees and above. Heat water and air differ in their effect on the human body. The more a person hardens, the easier it is for him to adapt to changes in the environment.

The temperature and humidity in the bath or sauna must be monitored. For this, there must be devices in the room that measure these readings. If there is little moisture, you can pour water on the stones, if there is a lot, open the door. When a person feels that he is hot, it is better to transfer to the lower shelf and away from the stove.

With a humidity of 90-100%, the heat should not be higher than 70 degrees Celsius, and for elderly and physically weakened people, 45-55 degrees is enough. When humidity is low, the level of heat can be high. Sweat is more intense when the air is drier.

First visits

If you are going to visit the steam room, then you should do it regularly, and not from time to time. Permanent procedures that promote perspiration bring benefits to the human body. For beginners, there are several rules that will help make bathing procedures comfortable.

You need to properly prepare for the bath

1. A person who comes to the bath for the first time is not recommended to stay in the steam room for more than 5 minutes. There is no need to use brooms immediately. If the first visit went without problems, the next time the time spent in the steam room can be gradually increased by 1-2 minutes.
2. Lovers of bath procedures know that they need to take a steam bath for no more than 30-35 minutes at a time. But the procedure is not determined by time: if a person does not feel well, he needs to leave the steam room.
3. Standing in a Russian bath or sauna is not recommended: you can get heatstroke. The position should be such that it promotes the outflow of lymph, that is, it is better to lie with raised legs. Thus, the stress on the heart is reduced. If you can't lie down, sit with your legs at the level of your torso.
4. To warm up the whole body, it is good to change positions: on one side, on the other, on the back, on the stomach. You only need to breathe with your nose - it regulates the temperature of the air you breathe: hot air cools, and dry air moisturizes.
5. It is impossible to get up abruptly in the sauna - there is a risk of losing your balance and falling. It is necessary to prepare for the exit gradually.
6. To make sweating more effective, you can drink a little warm tea or vitamin drink.
7. You can enter the steam room 3-4 times in one visit. However, after each session, it is required to increase the rest time in the changing room or dressing room.
8. Contrast treatments should be taken between visits to the steam room. After the second call, you can start patting with brooms.
9. Massage is useful for a warmed-up body. Before him, you should not drink cold or go into cool rooms. Self-massage takes 15 minutes, and a specialist will give you 25-35 minutes. After that, you need to take a warm shower and wash.
10. Dress should be done only after the body has dried and cooled down. After a pool or a cool douche, you cannot go outside. The body should be warm and rested.

High humidity in the bath is one of the conditions for health improvement and comfortable rest. Humidity indicators vary from 0% to 100%, and the therapeutic effect depends on the set temperature and humidity conditions. Optimum humidity is:

• for Finnish bath(saunas): 0-10%;
• for a hot Russian bath: up to 35%;
• for a Russian steam room: up to 65%;
• for Turkish bath(hammam): up to 100%.

But when the bath is not in use, it must be dry. High humidity leads to serious problems.

Violation of humidity standards

Other problems arise due to dampness in the bath: it corrodes the metal, affects the insulation of wires, increases the risk short circuit and fire. Condensation accumulates in the drains: the water becomes swampy, in summer it contains mud and insects, and in winter it exudes bad smell... One of the problems is the violation of a healthy microclimate: it is unpleasant to be in such a room, but about comfortable rest you can forget.
If the humidity standards in the bath are violated, it quickly breaks down and requires constant financial costs to replace rotted lining and broken wiring. Wooden interior items and cladding first swell and then rot. They lose their attractiveness and functionality, it is impossible to save rotten wood, and repairs will have to be done in the bathhouse.

How to lower the humidity in the dressing room and sauna?

to install optimal level moisture, it is necessary to provide proper ventilation and install dehumidifiers. The principle of operation of these devices is simple: they heat the air and pump it into the steam room. As a result, the room is dehumidified, condensation on the walls evaporates, excess moisture is removed, and a healthy microclimate is maintained in the bath. It is effective to turn on dehumidifiers every time the room is used. This is enough not to think about how to remove moisture in the bath and eliminate its consequences.
To establish and maintain normal conditions, a suitable dryer must be selected. Some models run on electricity, however, recent times solar-powered equipment is of more interest. Unlike electric dehumidifiers, they do not consume expensive electricity and do not place stress on the wiring, making them fire safe.

Dehumidification of air in a bath is inexpensive

Solar dehumidification of premises is recognized not only as effective, but also economical option eliminating high humidity in the bath. One or more collectors are installed in the room, the power of which depends on the area of ​​the steam room. The equipment automatically turns on every time the sun hits it, but it can be turned off while using the bath. Since no electrical connection is required, this the best option for draining non-electrified buildings.
Solar appliances are powered by free solar energy, differ simple installation and competitive price. And most importantly: they allow you to maintain the humidity in the bath at the desired level and protect it from dampness and mold.