17.2. Organization of training camps The organization of training camps is similar in the structure of administrative, economic and educational activities. The fees for high-class taekwondo athletes are divided according to their purpose into:?

CHAPTER 16 ORGANIZATION AND CONDUCT OF JUDO COMPETITIONS Wrestling competitions aim to determine the strongest participant (the strongest team), summarize the training and educational work of sports teams and their coaches and promote

CHAPTER 17 ORGANIZATION AND CONDUCT OF SUMMER CAMPS AND TRAINING AND TRAINING COLLEGES

Chapter V ORGANIZATION, PLANNING AND ACCOUNTING OF TRAINING, SPORTS AND EDUCATIONAL WORK IN SAMBO ORGANIZATION Sambo classes are held in sambo sections and study groups of those universities that have specialized departments for sports.

Chapter 7. Conducting training sessions The first lesson, followed by the second, and the school year, season began, and a sports career began. After reading the chapters about the adaptation of muscle tissues, about the energy supply of muscle activity, we can reasonably talk about a set of exercises, their

11.3. Hygienic support during the organization of training camps When conducting training camps, it is important to carry out the following basic measures to ensure the necessary hygienic conditions for athletes.

Training camps refer to short-term forms of improving sportsmanship. At the training camp, the best conditions for preparing for the competition are created for the participants: strict daily routine;

regular meals; good material and technical equipment of the places of employment; constant medical supervision, etc.

Classification of fees

Fees, according to their purpose, are subdivided into:

Training;

Precompetitive.

Training camps differ from pre-competition ones in that they are not directly related to the preparation of the team for performances at the competition, in this regard, they can be devoted to various aspects of training (physical, technical, tactical), where great opportunities are provided for experimental, promising and individualized training.

Pre-competition fees are carried out in order to prepare the team for participation in the competition and set the following tasks:

The final determination of the composition of the team and its teamwork;

Bringing the technical and tactical indicators of each player and the team as a whole to the planned level;

The acquisition by the players of the state of the highest sports form.

Duration of collection is from 7 to 20 days. A longer separation of the players from the family and the usual regime negatively affects the quality of training and the condition of athletes.

Short-term camps (7-10 days), as a rule, are organized between rounds in the competition period.

The numerical composition of the collection is 14-16 people. With a larger team, difficulties arise in the high-quality conduct of the collection (dispersal of the attention of coaches, decrease in the intensity of the training process, etc.).

Educational and training process;

Educational work;

Recovery activities. Educational and training process:

a) determine the main task of the collection (taking into account the preparedness of the trainees, the available amount of training time, mass

the headquarters of the upcoming competitions and the planned result, material base and other conditions);

b) determine the content of the educational and training process in terms of training sections (physical, technical and tactical, psychological, theoretical, etc.);

c) determine the means, methods and forms of training sessions;

d) establish the cyclicity of the collection (draw up a plan for training microcycles);

The variability and content of microcycles depends on the training period, its duration and the main focus of training in stages. For example: in the preparatory period, the stages of general, special and pre-competition training are distinguished. In each stage, on and off the collection, microcycles of the following structure can alternate: 5-1, 4-1, 3-1, 2-1, 3-1,2-1.

As an example, a 5-1 microcycle of a training camp at a special preparatory stage:

1st day - one-time training - 3 hours (improvement of techniques in the links) and the development of special endurance.

2nd day - two-time training - 5 hours (morning - TFP and individual improvement of technical and tactical actions; evening - improvement of group tactical actions in defense).

3rd day - the same as the first day.

4th day - two training sessions - 5 hours (morning - as on the 2nd day;

evening - improving group tactical actions in the attack).

5th day - one-time training - 2.5 hours (playing training, jumping training).

6th day - rest.

The main documents for planning and pedagogical control at the training camp are:

1. Curriculum schedule (monthly, weekly).

2. Lesson plan.

3. Individual plans.

4. Trainer's journal.

5. Athlete's diary.

6. Daily routine.

7. Schedule of duty.

8. Tables of performance of control tasks.

The daily routine provides for the time of getting up, exercising, having breakfast, checking the individual diaries of athletes, conducting theoretical studies, training, lunch, rest, free time, evening walk, lights out.

Tables for the fulfillment of control tasks are drawn up by type of training, where against the surname of each volleyball player his indicators are put down in training sessions and in control competitions.

Educational work

The main support of the coach in conducting educational work is the coaching council, which includes coaches, a captain, a leading player, and a doctor. The coaching council conducts all the work at the training camp related to the organization and conduct of the training process, the formation of the composition, the conduct of cultural and educational activities, etc. A plan of educational work is drawn up.

The plan provides for holding meetings, issuing information materials, conducting lectures, cultural events (for example: chess tournaments, visiting theaters, discussing political events, meeting interesting people, visiting sponsored groups, etc.).

The coach's job is to create everything the necessary conditions for the coaching council, so that the work is full-fledged, active, with a certain independence and initiative.

The weekly work schedule, daily routine, duty schedule, tables of fulfillment of control standards, a plan of educational work are posted in a conspicuous place at the gathering location.

Recovery activities

The main condition for improving fitness and increasing sports results is an increase in the volume and intensity of training loads and the implementation of games that contribute to the recovery of the body.

Pedagogical (full-fledged warm-up, correct alternation of loads and rest, change of loads and types of activities, etc.);

Psychological (organization interesting rest, autogenous training, taking into account psychological compatibility, etc.);

Medical (vibration and hydromassage, light and heat procedures, proper nutrition, pharmacological agents, etc.).

In addition, the most simple and available means recovery are passive and active relaxation, massage and steam bath.

Funding collection

Based on the competition calendar for each financial year, the team coach draws up a general estimate of the costs of supporting the team. The estimate reflects the following main items of expenditure:

1. The number of fees and their cost.

2. The cost of travel.

3. The cost of renting sports facilities.

4. Organization of competitions (cost of accommodation, meals, payment of judges, bus rental, etc.).

5. Purchase of equipment, inventory and sports uniforms, medicines.

6. Postal and telegraph costs, motor transport, rewarding, etc.

The total amount of expenses is calculated, and this document is approved by the club's management. This estimate is the guiding document for the provision of the team.

For the TCB (training camp), on the basis of the preparation plan for the competition and the expense items of the general estimate, an estimate is drawn up for the training camp, which indicates the place and time of the TCB and the number of participants.

The following items of expenses are disclosed:

1. Meals for participants and trainers.

2. Accommodation for participants and trainers.

3. Travel (if in another city) of participants and coaches.

4. Daily allowance for participants and trainers.

5. Rent of a sports hall, base.

6. Other expenses.

If there is no departure, only food, accommodation, rent, rehabilitation means are paid. The estimate is approved by the club's management. Together with the estimate, the work plan for the collection and the payroll of the team are approved. The plan consists of the following points:

1. Goals and objectives of the collection.

2. Recruiting a team.

3. A summary of the types of training: physical, technical, tactical, psychological, educational work and control.

The plan is signed by the coach.

Simultaneously with the estimate and plan of the TCB, an order is prepared, an order for the collection.

Technique of calculation with a food point, a hotel: on the letterhead of a society, club, etc., a letter is written to the director of a restaurant or hotel with the following content:

Restaurant director

Hotel director

The sports club asks to accept for meals and place in the hotel the participants of the volleyball TCB, the men's team in the amount of __ people from __ to _______ 1998. Meals at the rate of _____ rub. per day per person for

total amount _______ rub.

We guarantee payment upon presentation of your invoice. Our current account number _______ in the Pervomaisky branch of the state bank of Moscow.

Supervisor

Chief accountant

This letter is endorsed by the head of the restaurant, hotel, and an invoice is issued in the accounting department to transfer the amount for accommodation, meals to the account of the restaurant, hotel (cash settlement is possible). This account is handed over to your accounting department to transfer money for services. After the end of the gathering, the food manager from the team, together with the restaurant accountant, close the documents on the nutrition of the athletes.

At the end of the stay at the hotel, a receipt is issued for the number of people staying at the hotel and the cost of living is indicated. This receipt is submitted to the club's accounting department.

Taekwondo educational and sports work can be carried out in sections of sports societies, in sections of higher and secondary specialized educational institutions, CYSS, SDYUSHOR and SHVSM, sections of rural and urban production associations on the basis of an independent initiative with all the attributes of a licensing procedure with registration in the local state physical culture sports organization.

The nature of the work differs in the forms of organization, which depend on the tasks set by the management paying for this physical culture and sports activity, on the personal aspirations of the coach, the recruited contingent, material conditions and the possibilities of its training.

The currently existing Federal Agency for Physical Culture and Sports in its work is guided by previously developed provisions containing uniform principles for organizing educational and sports work in the field.

The main work on the training of taekwondo players is carried out by clubs. Therefore, the boards of sports clubs, councils of physical culture collectives, regardless of their affiliation, should pay attention to:

Creation favorable conditions to conduct regular classes, instill in those involved in the love of taekwondo, increase interest in classes and the growth of sports skills;

Providing comprehensive physical training of the members of the section;

Continuous improvement of the level of technical and tactical readiness of those who go in for high general and special physical readiness;

Instilling in trainees the skills of sports ethics, discipline, love and devotion to their team;

Strengthening the health of those involved, hygiene, as well as a clear organization of medical supervision;

Systematic holding of sports competitions and active participation of members of the section in them;

Active participation of members of the section in the promotion of sports.

The beginning of classes is preceded by campaigning work, which consists of various forms of advertising:

On the TV;

In the form of posters, which requires their production and placement;

Through demonstration performances, for which it is necessary to have a special team of demonstrators, etc.

Admission of newcomers to the section should be held in September - October of each year, at the beginning of the preparatory period. This, however, does not exclude the possibility of admission to the section at other times of the year.

The standards for the number of students in study groups are determined by official programs. At this time interval, it is " Sample program sports training for children and youth sports schools, specialized children and youth schools of the Olympic reserve ”(2005). However, the standards for the occupancy of study groups are somewhat incomprehensible:

1. Why, with the primary need for pairwise training of educational material, is the standard of 15 people established?

2. How can the variability of the simulated situations be ensured in the presence of 4–5 people in the group of sports improvement?

Apparently, in this matter, one should be guided by the standards according to which the groups of newcomers consist of 18–20 people, and the 1st category - of 10 people.

There is a practice when a trainer, paying special attention to "selection", comes to a situation when by the month of January in the group there is an impermissibly small number of students. In this case, he is forced to make an additional set during the winter holidays. People are found, but a problem arises: how to conduct classes with those who have already completed half of the year's program, and with those who have just come? Apparently, classes at the stage of initial training should be conducted for the purpose of learning, not selection, especially since those who can be selected are becoming fewer and fewer.

Educational and training sessions in the section are conducted in the form of lessons according to the generally accepted scheme according to the schedule drawn up taking into account the employment of athletes at work and in study.

Lesson planning forms

In each section of taekwondo, documents for planning, guidance and control over the educational and training process should be kept: curriculum, program, work plan for a certain period with an indication of the nature and dosage of exercises according to their intensity, a summary of classes, a class schedule, a journal of attendance and content of classes , sports results journal and calendar of sports events. For taekwondo athletes of the highest ranks, individual training plans are drawn up, including a long-term plan for preparing for important tournaments, periodic and current plans.

The curriculum determines the main direction and duration of educational work for a particular contingent of students and provides for the sequence of studying the material, the content of the main sections (topics of the classes), the number of hours for each section (Table 15.1).

Table 15.1

Components of the curriculum of educational and training sessions in the CYSS and the CYSSOR (with the calculation of hours) *

Following the curriculum, the coach will be able to properly organize the training process and achieve success in sports work.

Lesson program is compiled on the basis of the curriculum and determines the amount of knowledge and skills that must be mastered by students.

The program reveals the forms and methods of pedagogical work, determines the main content of educational material on theory and practice for specific contingents of students (CYSS, SHVSM, etc.). In the theory section, the names of the topics and their brief content are indicated, and when presenting the practical material, all types of exercises are listed: combat, general developmental, special preparatory and special.

All material is presented by years of study and in a certain methodological sequence (see Chapter 6).

In the section of functional training, the norms and requirements for those engaged in physical, sports and referee training are given, as well as material for independent work and recommended literature.

The program usually consists of the following sections:

a) an explanatory note, which indicates: for whom the program is intended, training objectives, the procedure for completing the course and the form of credit; number of lessons;

b) program material by years of study and periods;

The program is approved by state organizations, and all the requirements in it are mandatory, although it is not excluded the possibility of some clarification of certain tasks and means of their implementation, depending on the working conditions.

Work plan is compiled on the basis of the curriculum and can be thematic (when the material is presented on topics that can be divided into several sessions in a methodologically expedient sequence) or lesson (when the material for each lesson is determined). The work plan is drawn up for six months, three and one month, depending on the conditions of the classes and the calendar of the competitions. The work plan indicates the topic and content of the material - a list of exercises, the volume of training loads.

V lesson plan the main topic of the lesson is indicated, for example: oncoming side blows of the near to the head to the attack with the lateral long-range blows and side blows of the far to the head to the attack of the side near to the head.

For a certain period of preparation, a plan is drawn up (in the form of a schedule) for training the team, which indicates all types of exercises for the planned time (from a month to three), depending on the competition calendar, as well as an approximate curve of the intensity of the load for each lesson.

The preparation of individual plans by the coach is an integral part of the training of taekwondo athletes of senior and higher sports categories. When drawing up an individual training plan for a taekwondo fighter, it is necessary to take into account: a) the state of health; b) age; c) the ability to perceive in learning; d) sports qualifications; e) the level of preparedness; f) hard work and perseverance; g) combat experience; h) sports results; i) working and rest conditions; j) conditions of sports training venues; k) the schedule of the competitions in which the taekwondo fighter should participate; m) the weight category in which the athlete is performing.

When drawing up a plan, the coach gives a brief description of the moral, volitional and physical qualities, technical and tactical readiness of the taekwondo fighter and lists the main shortcomings that should be eliminated, and the positive qualities and skills that should be developed and improved.

Based on the work plan, the coach draws up a synopsis for each lesson, in which all the exercises proposed to the trainee and their focus are expressed in concrete terms, methodological instructions are given, and the time is strictly regulated.

The abstract is drawn up taking into account the results of previous classes, the conditions in which the new lesson will be held. In each lesson, the previous material is repeated, a new one is studied and improved.

Lesson notes are based on the lesson outlines provided in chapter 7.

In practice, the lesson schemes in the weekly training and training cycles are at the same time a synopsis plan, the structure of which remains unified, and the content changes depending on the thematic plan.

The class schedule determines the days, hours, and the location of the class. It indicates the teacher conducting the classes.

The schedule allows you to properly organize the work of the section, and when drawing it up, it is necessary to take into account the employment of athletes, the nature of their work or study. It is best to start classes 3-4 hours after work (so that the athlete can come home, eat and get some rest).

It is important that the schedule is long term and not subject to frequent changes.

Attendance log classes of the generally established form is used in each group of the team. It also records demographic data, keeps records of indicators of special physical fitness.

In the plan of work of the section of the collective of physical education, all the activities of the collective are reflected: the organization of training and educational work, participation in competitions. The team's work plan is usually drawn up for a year. In addition, the section keeps records of the composition of the people involved, as well as records of their sports results.

Competition register and the accumulation of the number of victories for the assignment of sports categories, it is advisable to duplicate the information board located in the hall.

1. Organizational activities of the trainer to ensure the work of the section.

2. Campaigning activities of the trainer to organize recruitment to the section.

9. Keeping records of attendance and participation in competitions.

The rules of competition in any kind of sport can be changed as you like and as much as you like, if this does not change the visual and semantic content of the exercises being evaluated.

However, a change in the rules of a competition can contribute to an increase or decrease in their entertainment, the preservation of the body's functional reserves or their excessive exploitation, the improvement of technical and tactical skill, and vice versa.

Thus, a decrease in the time per round and an increase in the number of rounds lead to an intensification of the battle, to an increase in the total time for often ill-conceived and "dirty" spurts, an increase in the number of "clinches" and the time spent in them.

A decrease in the time of the round leads to an increase in the intensity of the fight, which significantly hinders the participation in taekwondo competitions for people over 25 years old, and, accordingly, harms sports taekwondo as a means of physical education.

Another option is from freestyle wrestling (which can also appear in taekwondo): the overall victory is determined not by the total number of points won during all rounds, but by the ratio of the won rounds, regardless of the quality of victory in each of them (!?). Naturally, such rules cannot contribute to the growth of technical and tactical mastery.

Taekwondo competitions are a continuation of the training process. Their pedagogical significance lies in the fact that they summarize the results of educational work, identify certain weaknesses of the educational and pedagogical process, help improve its quality, show the achievements of sports teams, coaches and athletes.

Competitions are the best means of sharing best practices. On them, the athlete acquires such knowledge that it is impossible to obtain in ordinary educational and training work. Sports duels require the mobilization of all the athlete's abilities. They are a kind of test of moral and volitional preparedness, fighting qualities and the most effective means of their education. The presence of spectators, difficult conditions of the fight impose on the athlete great responsibility for their actions, require discipline from him and the ability to subordinate personal interests to the interests of the team. Competitions contribute to the upbringing of such important character traits in taekwondo as perseverance, will to win, courage, self-control, a sense of friendship, camaraderie and respect for their opponents.

The agitational significance of the competition is that it is an interesting sporting show and attracts a large number of spectators. Taekwondo competitions popularize this sport among young people and are the best advertising medium.

The rules of international competitions in amateur taekwondo contain a list of conditions aimed at regulating the rights and obligations of both participants and judges, and to put participants on a level playing field in all respects. They are official and obligatory for all participants.

The Russian rules in the main provisions are identical to the international ones. They are the basis for correct organization competitions in accordance with the recreational and educational goals of sports.

They determine the types of competitions, methods of drawing championships and identifying winners in individual and team competitions.

To equalize the forces of the competitors, they are classified according to age groups, weight categories and sports categories. The rules determine the conditions under which participants are allowed to compete in accordance with the requirements of medical and pedagogical control of the state of health and sports readiness.

In order to protect the health of the participants and reduce injuries, the rules of taekwondo restrict the actions of taekwondo fighters on dayang, prohibit the use of techniques that may be harmful to health, regulate the duration of the fight in accordance with the age of the participants and their sports fitness.

The rules also provide for the procedure for organizing refereeing in competitions, precisely defining the functions of referees and support personnel.

It should be borne in mind that the rules of the competition largely predetermine the predominant content of the technique and the tactics of its implementation.

Competition rules can be changed as much and as you like. As a rule, these changes are aimed at increasing the spectacularity, the objectivity of determining the winner, although they can bring the opposite result (with the best intentions).

Depending on the tasks set, the competitions are held in different forms.

Qualifying competitions are held among the strongest taekwondo athletes to recruit national teams.

Classification competitions are the main form of training for taekwondo athletes of junior sports categories.

In terms of scale and representation, competitions are divided into territorial, departmental, international, closed, open competitions for certain categories, ages and weight categories.

Territorial competitions are organized by committees for physical culture and sports in order to check the state and development of taekwondo in cities, districts, regions, territories, republics, with the participation of teams and individual athletes living in the respective territories, regardless of their affiliation with the DSO and departments.

By the nature of the competition, there may be:

a) personal, that is, only personal places in each weight category are determined on them;

b) personal-team, that is, they determine the personal results of each taekwondo fighter individually, and then, based on personal places, the team places;

c) team, that is, only team places are determined on the basis of the personal results of each taekwondo fighter - a team member.

Taekwondo competitions can be held according to one of three systems:

a) with the elimination of the loser, when a participant (team) is eliminated from the competition after the first defeat;

b) with the elimination of the loser, when a participant (team) is eliminated from the competition after the second defeat in accordance with the current situation and the data of the competition;

c) round robin (only for teams), when the participating teams meet each other once and each participant can have no more than two defeats.

Successful competition largely depends on careful and deeply thought-out preparation. It is advisable to divide all preparatory work into several stages.

The first stage includes:

a) determination of the timing and location of the competition;

b) development and approval of regulations and cost estimates;

c) the allocation of persons responsible for the competition (organizing committee);

d) selection and approval of the chairman of the organizing committee (chief judge) and the chief secretary.

Determining the date of the competition is associated with the sports calendar. The rationally drawn up and gradually implemented calendar plan of the competition contributes to the promotion of sports, the attraction of young people to it, regular training sessions, and an increase in the level of sports readiness of taekwondo athletes.

The calendar plan of the competitions for the upcoming sports year is drawn up by the committees for physical culture and sports, DSO and departments. The regulation on the competition is developed based on the timing of the calendar plan, and it should be borne in mind that it is not only an organizational, but also a methodological document that determines the direction of educational and training work during the period of pre-competition training. Therefore, it is very important that the regulations are circulated in a timely manner to the organizations participating in the competition.

Preparation for any competition begins with drawing up the regulations about them. The regulations are drawn up by the sports organization hosting the competition. The quality of the competition depends on how the regulations on the competitions are drawn up, whether all the features of their organization are taken into account.

The competition regulations must contain clearly and concisely formulated points:

1. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the competition (popularization of taekwondo, summing up the results of educational work, identifying the strongest taekwondo players or teams) should depend on the scale of the competition.

2. Competition management. It is indicated who organizes the competition and directs it, as well as the composition of the panel of judges, by whom it is approved.

3. Time and place of the event. The days of the competition are determined and the city (base) where the competition is held is indicated.

In order to find out the number of days required for the competition, you need to know exactly the number of participants in each weight category. When determining the number of days of the competition, it should be borne in mind that holding a competition in which 2 people take part takes 1 day, 3-4 people - 2 days, 5–8 people - 3 days, 9–16 people - 4 days. Usually the calculation is carried out according to the weight category in which the largest number of participants is expected. For example, seven teams are supposed to participate, each having one taekwondo fighter in the weight category. Then the competition takes 3 days.

However, if we consider that athletes must come to the city where the competition will be held one day before the start and leave the city the next day after the end of the competition, then you need to add another 2 days. And in the regulation it will be written that the competition will be held for 5 days.

Knowing how many days the competition will last, you can set the exact timing of their holding.

4. Competitors. This section defines the composition of the participating teams and the number of athletes per weight division from all participating organizations. The qualifications (rank) and age of taekwondo fighters are indicated.

5. Conditions of the competition. This clause of the position is drawn up in strict accordance with the rules of the competition (personal, team, personal-team). It is indicated according to which system the competitions are held (with elimination of the loser, with elimination after two defeats, round robin).

6. Rewarding the team and participants. This section indicates how the teams or participants who have won prizes, who have shown the best technique, coaches, etc. are awarded.

7. Applications for participation in competitions. This section discusses the timing and form of submission of preliminary and final nominal applications.

The nominal application should include only the information that is necessary for the clear and orderly conduct of the competition.

8. Reception of participants. The date of arrival and departure of the participants, the conditions of their accommodation and meals are indicated.

After the regulation has been developed, an estimate of costs is drawn up, on the basis of which the organizations holding these competitions allocate funds. When drawing up the estimate, the name of the competition, the time and place of its holding, the number of judges, participants (including from other cities), the costs of their meals, accommodation, travel, etc. are indicated. The estimate also includes rental costs premises, decoration of the competition venue, transportation, office expenses, dayang installation costs, as well as labor costs for maintenance personnel (workers, doctors, nurses).

In preparation for a large-scale competition, an organizing committee of 5-7 people is created. Its work plan includes the organization of the events necessary for the successful holding of the competition. The organizing committee draws up a calendar plan of its work, involving public activists. The most experienced judge is invited as the chairman of the organizing committee (chief judge). The success of the competition depends on his organizational skills, objectivity, integrity, consistency and discipline.

The second stage of preparation for the competition includes:

a) selection and equipment of the competition venue;

b) preparation of inventory;

c) preparation of the location;

d) catering;

e) preparation of places for training and weighing;

f) staffing the secretariat and the panel of judges;

g) preparation of the necessary documentation;

h) conducting preliminary information about the competition.

Taekwondo competitions can be held outdoors (in summer) and indoors. Dayang site should be protected from sunlight.

The venue of the competition must be colorfully decorated with slogans, posters, tables, graphs reflecting the course of the competition. There should be dressing rooms nearby for participants, judges, medical staff, and a shower with warm water.

The place of the competition is radio-specified, and microphones are installed on the tables of the Chief Judge and the Informing Judge.

In the immediate vicinity of the dayang, a table for the main panel of judges, five (three) small tables for the judges outside the dayang, tables for the timekeeper, the informing judge and the medical staff are installed. Places for team representatives are equipped away from the seats of the judges, for participants in the competition - in the auditorium.

The sizes of the dayang must strictly correspond to those specified in the competition rules.

Strict adherence to the requirements for equipping the competition venues guarantees the safety of their holding.

Upon preliminary requests, places are prepared for the accommodation of arriving teams near the competition venues and catering facilities. If they are far away, transport should be provided for participants.

At the location of the teams, it is advisable to have a first-aid post with a doctor on duty, medical scales, a recreation room, where there should be newspapers, magazines, games, etc.

Meals should be organized according to a free menu, with a view to regulating the weight of the participants. Participants should receive part of the diet in the form of yogurt, sour cream, raw eggs, chocolate, fruit, etc. It is tentatively necessary to set the hours for breakfast, lunch and dinner.

In order for nonresident athletes to train before the competition, they need to be provided with a training room with a hot shower and a medical scale for weight control.

It is advisable to weigh-in at the place of accommodation of participants in two adjacent rooms. One of them is set aside for the dressing room, in the other one is weighed. Participants are provided with other scales for control weighing. The weigh-in room must have tables for the judge, secretary and doctor.

The panel of judges is composed mainly of local judges. The respective Taekwondo Federation will allocate the required number of judges, assistant secretaries, radio announcers and the chief physician of the competition.

The documentation required for the competition is competition protocols, participant cards, referee's notes, schedules, etc.

It is also necessary to prepare and print posters, programs, participant tickets, etc. in accordance with local needs and conditions.

The preliminary information is that through the press, radio, television, messages about the competitions, the date and place of their holding, and the participants are transmitted. It is necessary to establish contact with representatives of the press about the coverage of the competition in the local press. It is advisable to organize the release of the bulletin on the days of the competition.

For participants in the competition, coaches, representatives and judges, a memo is drawn up, which indicates:

1) the place and time of work of the medical and credentials commissions;

2) the place and time of meetings with representatives and judges;

3) the time and procedure for the ceremonial opening and closing of the competition;

4) the address of the canteen and the meal plan of the participants;

5) the place and time of weighing the participants in the competition;

6) addresses and opening hours of training places and doctor's offices;

7) the address and telephone number of the local committee of physical culture and sports;

8) addresses, days and hours of work of local museums, exhibitions;

9) the address and telephone number of the location of the participants;

10) addresses and telephones of the railway station, airport, train and airplane schedule.

At the third stage of preparation for the competition, the following are carried out:

a) reception and accommodation of participants;

b) the work of the credentials committee for the admission of participants;

c) general meeting of participants to familiarize themselves with the conditions of the competition;

d) meeting of the panel of judges.

Reception and accommodation of nonresident participants and judges arriving at the competition is carried out by the representative of the organizing committee in charge of the meeting, and representatives of local public and sports organizations. At the airport, at train stations and in other places of possible arrival of nonresident participants, announcements are posted indicating the address to which they should be. Judges arriving at the competition must be accommodated separately from the participants.

The admission to the competition is carried out by the credentials committee, which checks the applications and documents of the participants, stipulated by the rules and regulations on these competitions. The chief judge, the chairman of the credentials committee and the chief doctor of the competition are responsible for the admission of participants.

The application for participation in the competition must comply with the established form. When familiarizing with it, attention is drawn to the age, sports category of the participants (whether it complies with the rules of the competition, whether they are admitted to the competition by a doctor), the presence of a doctor's signature, the date and stamp of a medical and physical dispensary or other medical institution is checked against each surname. The doctor's permission must be given no earlier than 3 days before the start of the competition, and for nonresident participants - 3 days before leaving for the competition. Particularly carefully examined by the doctor (member of the commission) medical control cards for the declared taekwondo players, in which all columns must be filled in in detail with the obligatory conclusion of an ophthalmologist and neuropathologist.

When admitted to the competition, a participant card for all days of the competition is drawn up for each taekwondo athlete, certified by the signatures of the doctor serving the competition and the chairman of the credentials committee, an informant card and a questionnaire.

On the eve of the start of the competition, a general meeting of taekwondo players, coaches, representatives and judges is held with the obligatory presence of persons responsible for holding these competitions. The panel of judges is presented there, the order of the competition and the conclusion of the credentials committee on the admission of teams and participants are announced, certain points of the rules and regulations on the competition are clarified, the time and place of weigh-in, the order of the draw are appointed. The drawing of lots will normally take place during the weigh-in period, unless scattering is provided for by the regulation. In team competitions, the draw will take place before the weigh-in or at the end of it. In conclusion, the order of the official opening and closing of the competition is announced.

At the end of the general meeting, the first meeting of the panel of judges is held. At the meeting, the composition of the panel of judges is specified, instructions are given, judges are appointed to weigh the participants, judges are determined to work on the dayang.

The judging of the competition is carried out by the panel of judges.

Every fight is judged: judge on dayang, side judges outside dayang.

The chief judge oversees the fights, the work of the panel of judges and the competition in general.

More qualified judging requires less experienced judges to work with more experienced ones.

The system of sports competitions as one of the organic aspects of physical education is a social mechanism of the mass influence of society on the formation of a new person.

Of great educational importance are the rules of sports competitions, which are the most important statutory provisions that determine the necessary procedure and conditions for organizing and holding competitions and regulating the behavior, actions of participants and judges.

1. Purpose and objectives of the competition.

3. Forms of the competition.

4. List of measures for the material support of the competition.

5. A list of activities to prepare your own team to participate in the competition.

The most effective means of educating members of the sectional team, preserving the contingent of students in the sports section of taekwondo, educating individual psychological qualities through the team is a summer sports and health camp.

Camp objectives:

Team building;

Social education of the individual by the team;

Social adaptation;

General health improvement;

Expanding the range of motor and mental skills.

Summer camps can be organized under various names, depending on which organization takes on the main financial burden. These may include:

a) health camps;

b) sports camps;

c) sports and health camps;

d) health-improving labor camps;

e) defense and sports camps.

To organize such camps, it is necessary to carry out a number of activities.

1. Planning the camp at the level of any official organization by introducing it into its annual plan, including drawing up a cost estimate.

2. Providing a place for the camp:

Land plot;

Driveways;

Water supply;

Sanitary and hygienic areas;

Doctor's place;

Fecal discharges;

Latrines;

Accommodation for students (dormitories, houses, tents);

Placement of sports grounds;

Equipment for specialized classes.

3. Ensuring the comfort and safety of bathing (requirements for the bathing area along the shore and the bottom).

4. Ensuring the safety of swimming (rescue craft, floating rudder).

5. Providing food.

6. In the period of preparation for the camp, it is also necessary to ensure its filling:

Sports equipment;

Household inventory.

7. Conducting a parent-teacher conference.

Since at present state and public organizations bear only part of the expenses, it is necessary to hold a parent meeting not only to instruct the parents, but also for their consent to additional payment of expenses.

Two to three days before departure, it is necessary to hold a general meeting of children and parents.

8. For the leadership of the camp, it is necessary to provide:

Composition of the camp management and coaching staff;

Providing day service;

Ensuring the fulfillment of the daily routine;

Providing security for the camp;

Providing internal oversight;

Ensuring safety on the water;

Ensuring environmental discipline;

Providing fire-fighting discipline;

Ensuring safe functioning in nature.

Planning and implementation of health related work (hardening, general motor development, general physical fitness, sports activities);

Planning and conducting entertainment programs;

Planning and conducting tourist trips and trips.

ten. ? Educational work:

Collective participation in the equipment and cultural decoration of the camp;

Conducting conversations;

Conducting disputes;

Holidays;

Tours and excursions;

Watching films followed by discussion;

Analysis of conflict situations and camp violations.

11. Providing medical supervision and self-control:

Organization of general medical supervision;

Teaching self-control and organizing the test of the assimilation of the habit of self-control.

12. Organization of beach tanning and bathing regime.

13. Organization of arrival, departure and meeting of children by parents.

14. Conducting a sociological survey on the results of recreation.

15. Drawing up general and financial reports (report forms are not provided due to different requirements in different organizations).

16. The basis of semantic activity in the camp is the daily routine.

Its strict observance is a guarantee of fulfilling the assigned tasks and ensuring order in all aspects of camp life (Table 17.1.1).

Table 17.1.1

The daily routine of the camp (training) gatherings

The organization of training camps is similar in the structure of administrative, economic and educational activities.

Fees for high class taekwondo athletes are divided according to their purpose into:

Preventive (general health), which are carried out during the preparatory period;

Educational-training, which are carried out at the stage of preliminary preparation of the main period;

Pre-competition, which are held at the stage of direct preparation for the competition.

Training camp

The purpose of the training camps is to complete the preparation of taekwondo athletes for the competition, and, in fact, they are the last mesocycle of the stage of direct training.

At the training camp, the tasks of the final part of the stage of direct preparation for the competition are solved. The duration of the collection is approximately 20 days. The number of participants in each weight category and the collection as a whole is determined by the long-term objectives of the organization conducting the collection and the nature of the upcoming competition.

The possibilities and tasks of the training camp predetermine a more specific character and content of the training work. Usually, the training camp is held at sports centers located in the countryside.

In the conditions of round-the-clock contact with athletes, coaches have the opportunity to get to know each of them better, to more fully determine their ability to perceive high training loads. At the training camp, it is easier to unite a team to solve a sports problem. The change in the environment promotes a good mood of athletes, increases the desire to train, and helps to recover quickly.

For successful work at the training camp, coaching councils are created, which include all coaches and a doctor, as well as employees of the biomedical center (physiologists, psychologists, massage therapists, etc.) involved in the training camp. The team captain is involved in the work of the coaching council.

The educational and methodological documentation of the collection (general work plan, curriculum, work (lesson) plan, individual plans and daily routine) is drawn up on the basis of an analysis of the training of athletes prior to the collection and taking into account the tasks for the upcoming competitions.

The plan of educational and cultural work is drawn up taking into account the historical characteristics of the area where the gathering is held, and the contingent of athletes.

The implementation of plans for educational and educational work is organized and monitored by the coach on duty. The duty schedule is drawn up for the entire training period, taking into account the employment of each of the trainers in specific events of the general work plan.

Based on the analysis of the implementation of individual training plans and reports of coaches responsible for training athletes in the field, the coaching council draws up all the methodological documentation of the collection: a curriculum, which defines the collection task and indicates the approximate amount of training work; a work plan, which consists of weekly training cycles and provides for the implementation of the tasks of the curriculum in specific conditions with the contingent of athletes who arrived at the training camp. Each weekly cycle is aimed at completing a specific task in the immediate preparation phase.

At the beginning of each training camp, an organizational meeting of all participants is held, at which the head coach informs about the state of preparedness of the training camp participants, introduces them to the general work plan and other methodological documentation.

Features of the coach's work at the stage of direct preparation for the competition. Interaction between coach and athletes. In preparing for a taekwondo competition, the correct selection of partners plays a significant role. It is very important that each of the fighters knows how to play the role of the attacked fighter. The mechanism of the effectiveness of the first (when learning) performance of a technique, and even more so a counter technique or combination, largely depends on the skillfully helping partner. The value of his correct actions increases markedly with the improvement of the combinations, since they are performed in such modes that are most close to the competitive environment. Therefore, each of the fighters at the highest level of skill must not only understand well the essence of the combat fragment being worked out, but also be able to participate in it as a worthy partner, creating the battle conditions necessary to improve combat skill.

The ability of the coach and the athletes themselves to analyze the skill of the alleged opponents is of great importance in preparing for the competition. It is necessary to present the general preparedness of the enemy on the basis of data on the individual aspects of his skill (physical, technical, tactical and moral-volitional). A detailed analysis and search for weak points in the preparedness of opponents have an impact on the improvement of the skills of the athletes themselves. Most of them have disadvantages, the elimination of which remains the most important task in training.

The most difficult preparation for a meeting with an unknown enemy. In such cases, the athlete should aim to reconnoiter the enemy in the first minute of the fight, without revealing his intentions. Further success depends on the athlete's ability to fight according to various tactical schemes, which is also one of the tasks of pre-competition training. To this end, the trainer (along with preparing for battles with specific opponents) constantly takes care of setting various tasks for the students.

Training and practice battles are held with partners with diverse sports skills.

1.5–2 weeks before the start of the competition, when the fighters begin to conduct control fights, the coach, if necessary, organizes fights two days in a row or twice a day, and sometimes two fights during one lesson, thereby creating conditions close to competitive ones.

As a result, athletes develop the appropriate mental processes and states, and the athlete's psyche adapts to competitive conditions and possible difficulties.

Intensive special preparatory exercises and exercises with shells at a "ragged" pace, with unexpected accelerations and jerks are used to simulate a competitive environment; combat trainings are held in the open air under unfavorable meteorological conditions (wind, heat, cold), in poor lighting, on bad dayang; training battles are held at the beginning of classes, immediately after a combat warm-up; trainings of the "combat practice" type are used during the hours corresponding to the time of the upcoming competitions (such trainings can be held for several days in a row in accordance with the days of fights in the tournament).

However, it must be remembered that there should not be more than two or three rehearsals such close to a competitive setting, since in a state of high training this is a strong means of increasing readiness and can lead to overtraining phenomena.

Correcting mistakes in tactics and technique, which can lead to failure in the competition, should mainly be completed in the pre-competition period. At the stage of competitive training, it is necessary to engage in the consolidation of error-free actions. The coach must ensure that no conditions arise for the revival of old mistakes. His focus is on reinforcing the right action.

The last trainings must be carried out in the same sports equipment in which the fighter will perform at the competitions. The same pads and bandage must be used by the fighter throughout the entire stage of direct preparation for the competition and at the competition.

At all stages of training, control over the health of athletes is the first concern of the coach, since the health of athletes and their achievement of high sports results are closely related to each other. A stable sports result is possible only if the athlete is in excellent health. However, when we talk about the humane positions of coaching, we primarily mean his attitude to the use of training tools and methods. It is impossible not to take into account the age, sex and other characteristics of the trainees. It is also necessary to exclude the forcing of the stages of preparation for the sake of today's achievement of a sports result.

In a fight, where the training load is difficult to accurately measure and where the athletes' interest in a sports fight captures, thereby reducing the possibilities of self-control, the coach should be especially attentive to the slightest deviations in the health state of the trainees.

For this, first of all, the contact of the trainer with the doctor is very important. The doctor and coach must have indicators of the body's reactions to a standard load, know the individual characteristics of athletes in the manifestation of such reactions.

To make a decision to change the load, especially in the direction of increasing, data from early pedagogical observations, medical supervision and self-control are needed.

Mutual contact of athletes, a coach and a doctor allows to determine the load that best suits the athletes' abilities and the solution of the sports and pedagogical problem.

It is difficult to come up with a training plan that is not changed in the course of its implementation. The trainer has the means to change the load by adjusting the volume and intensity of the exercises used, to change the duration of the periods of rest and work. But changes should not be made due to random events. They are carried out in order to achieve the set sports and pedagogical task for a much longer period than preparation for one competition.

The quality of the educational process cannot be considered satisfactory if in the course of training the coach is forced to drastically change the load both upward and downward. The load of each stage of preparation must be planned in advance and ensure the gradual acquisition of high efficiency by the beginning of each competition. One of the most important tasks of a coach in ensuring such a systematic approach to competitions is the organization of the work schedule, study and life of the athletes themselves.

The coach must always remember that the results of training work under conditions of high loads are largely dependent on measures to restore the athletes' working capacity. Other training loads, walks, steam baths, massage and self-massage, etc. should be used.

Special remedies for recovery include the use of pharmacological preparations and vitamins, which not only promotes recovery, but also increases the body's resistance to sudden changes in weather conditions and other environmental influences, protecting athletes from diseases.

Cultural events are an excellent form of recovery for athletes: visits to theaters, cinema, concerts, meetings with scientists, etc.

Below is an action plan for organizing and conducting the training camp.

1. Organizational work:

a) planning of the organization (venue, sports facility, etc.);

b) securing funding:

Schedule approval;

Drawing up and approval of cost estimates.

2. Providing accommodation and meals:

Communication and documentation of the meeting place;

Communication and documentation of power supply.

3. Ensuring the educational process:

Planning and conducting educational work;

Planning and conducting training work;

Providing pedagogical control.

4. Educational work:

Conducting meetings and conversations;

Leisure activities;

Ensuring a hygienic regime of the day;

Providing household control;

Administrative disciplinary levers;

Indirect disciplinary levers.

5. Providing medical supervision:

a) express control;

b) planned control;

c) predictive control;

d) dietetics.

6. Completion of fees:

a) preparation for participation in competitions:

Assessment of technical and tactical readiness;

Functionality assessment;

Team building principles;

Securing the application;

b) ensuring departure:

Financial support;

Provision of transport;

Conducting a meeting of team members;

c) report on fees:

Financial report;

Fees report.

1. Draw up a letter of application for the inclusion of the summer camp in the action plan of the organization's calendar plan.

2. Draw up a plan for a sports and recreation camp.

3. Draw up an action plan for organizing a sports and recreation camp.

4. Make up the daily routine of the sports and recreation camp.

5. Draw up a plan of sports activities for the sports and health camp.

6. Draw up a plan of educational work for a sports and health camp.

7. Draw up a plan of educational and training work for a sports and recreation camp.

8. Draw up a plan for the training camp (economic part).

9. Make a plan for the training camp (educational part).

10. Draw up a plan for the training camp (educational part).

11. Draw up a plan for the training camp (medical unit).

According to scientific research in the field of health care and physical education, at present about 80% of children are born unhealthy, and by the end of secondary school, about 7% remain healthy.

It turns out that all our claims in the field of sports achievements concern a small number of people in our country. The rest of the road to sports has been barred, since the state allocates funds only for functionally gifted people.

However, during childhood, with a properly delivered physical education, a number of functional deviations can be eliminated.

First of all, it is important to provide proper individual nutrition, which is solved with the help of medicine. But the effective assimilation of adequate nutrition is possible only with its intense demand.

Therefore, physical education is of paramount importance for the effective correction of functional deviations by nutrition (with the exception of anatomical ones).

Thus, a small part of children can go in for sports, while the rest requires some adaptation.

Taking into account the above and taking into account the protective orientation of parents whose children have any functional deviations, a taekwondo coach needs to make significant efforts to organize advertising of his type of martial arts. The basis for this is in the form of the common desire of each boy to acquire personal security and social significance.

The main thing is that during the advertising period, not a single combat with the tasks of conquering the whole world came to the fore, but a set of techniques that ensure the safety of everyone and the presence of a team capable of protecting its member.

Preparation of posters (compilation and replication);

Distribution of posters (first personally, then with the help of pupils);

Conducting demonstration performances in schools;

Conducting demonstration performances during sports events with simultaneous orientation of those who wish about the place and time of the section;

Campaigning work in schools with the help of students already engaged in the section;

Involvement of interested teachers of physical culture of secondary schools in such agitation.

Unfortunately, so far in our country not enough attention is paid to the issues of qualification assessment of activities as a means of enhancing learning activities students.

However, at present, they begin to engage in taekwondo sections from childhood, and the results of those involved must be qualified in children's and youth categories.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system of qualification assessment of students in the sports section in such a way as to stimulate them to both educational and sports activities.

In order for the children not to leave the taekwondo sections, a gentle training regime, both technical-tactical and physical, is necessary. The positive opinion of the children involved in the section on next year will ensure the arrival of even more children.

To satisfy the social ambitions of children who want to get some evidence of the measure of their achievements as soon as possible, but do not have such opportunities at this stage, it is necessary to strictly observe the system of passing standards for technical categories accepted throughout the world.

It is especially important to take into account the motivation for physical culture and sports activity at the stages of initial training and in recreational work ("fitness"), because excessive demands on current sports results without taking into account moral satisfaction and the emergence of pessimal emotions as a result of losses in untimely organized competitions lead to leaving the section ...

A significant part of those wishing to engage in physical culture and sports activities are motivated not to achieve sports results, not to win prizes (that is, to satisfy the instinct of self-affirmation), but to master certain skills as an "activity", educational component (G.G. Natalov, 1994).

At the early stages of the child's individual development, a significant incentive to continue engaging in a certain activity is the need for explicit and indirect social encouragement (B. B. Kossov, 1989). In addition, it is precisely due to the "activity" component, due to cognitive motivation, that it is possible to ensure the mass character and longevity of functioning in this area of ​​activity with gradually changing personal and social functions (S. Donichev, 1985; R. Teseter, 1985).

Taking into account the fact of uneven somatic development and the inability of all children and adolescents to equal sports activities, in our opinion, it is advisable to use a reward system for the quality of mastering educational material in non-stress conditions and for hard work.

In this case, it will be possible to support and develop motivation for the type of activity through the use of psychological mechanisms of urgent and delayed effects.

This is necessary, especially since, according to sociological research (M.E. Kutepova, 1980; A. Ya. Sviridova, 1974), the spectrum of sports and physical culture interests of schoolchildren decreases with age.

This is explained, apparently, by the diversion of excess adaptive energy to the search for emerging sexual interests (according to Z. Freud), especially since the “lawlessness” of the media nullifies all the necessary restrictions developed by society.

The fact is that, according to Z. Freud, the bulk of adaptive energy in reproductive age is aimed at solving the problem of procreation. This energy includes the search for a sexual partner, the struggle for him, the very relationship of partners, caring for newborns, their upbringing and preparation for a future independent life.

However, at a young age, the use of sexual energy predominates, and its solution begins with a struggle for a partner, that is, with a conflict.

This aggressive energy is inherent in nature, and, as already mentioned in the preface, it must be directed into a channel that is safe for society.

Therefore, it is necessary during childhood (especially in adolescence) to take possession of the hearts of children, to develop in them a stereotypical need for physical education, to find their social status in it instead of the ruthless official and unofficial pushing out of the sports sections.

As shown by the results of a survey of children and adolescents involved in martial arts sections and abandoned them, a significant number of students, keen on the educational component, left the sections in cases when the content of such a component did not suit them.

In addition to the physiological need for sports activities, there are social and psychological needs, which, when solving the problem of choosing a type of activity, can be conscious and unconscious (G.B. Gorskaya, 1991; B. B. Kossov, 1989). According to Murray, in contrast to physiological and social needs, there are a number of needs of a "psychogenic" order (BB Kossov, 1989; G. G. Natalov, 1976; Yu. A. Shulika, 1996).

These include needs:

Prestige;

Social status;

Dominance (power);

Communication, commonwealth, cooperation;

Participation in the cognitive process.

Another statement in favor of ending the tough selection in the taekwondo section: “The main way to find young athletes is to organize training for as many children and adolescents as possible. Such initial theoretical prerequisites determine new levels of requirements at the first stage of selection, which does not limit the admission of children with average physical abilities to the CYSS ”(A. A. Guzhalovsky, 1979).

We should dwell on the term "selection". If at the end of the twentieth century the main part of sports sections was financed by the budget of state or public organizations, then this term had a meaning in the sense that these organizations did not want to spend money on the health of all children. They were interested in the development of those children who can ensure the achievement of high sports results and thus glorify the "philanthropy" of the leader.

Classes on a commercial basis were not encouraged by the state, as a result of which children who did not have time to show athletic inclinations, the road to physical education was closed.

Currently, such organizations are becoming less and less and work with children and youth is carried out on a commercial basis. Maybe this is better? After all, this is done all over the world. In Korea, the bulk of people do not dream of sporting success, but go in for physical education for their own pleasure and for their own benefit. To motivate activities in taekwondo, a qualification assessment system has been developed in the form of a set of requirements for everyone who has passed a certain training cycle (gyp, dan).

Only those who want to participate in taekwondo competitions, and this does not affect his qualification in traditional taekwondo. A purely sports activity of taekwondo is a completely different type of activity, the qualifications in which depend on the place occupied. In connection with the above, there is no selection problem in Southeast Asian countries. It happens by itself, and no one humiliates anyone in this process, which is not noticeable to anyone.

Do we need selection for the section if parents pay for the education of their children? I think not. Of course, every coach dreams of preparing a champion, since its presence indirectly reflects the coach's qualifications. However, it often happens that the appearance of a champion is just an accidental appearance of a person with absolute functional qualities (high energy, reliable sensorimotor and psychomotor skills).

Therefore, the training process in taekwondo in the early stages should be focused on universal learning, personality education and physical development. The appearance of a champion should, of course, bring joy to the team, but with an awareness of the element of chance and without much emotion about his involvement. The very process of learning and functional loads is important as a means of improving the body.

The more technically and tactically complex the type of the chosen sport, the longer the "latent" period of manifestation of the necessary specific abilities will be. In cyclic and speed-strength types of overcoming exercises with limited technical content, inclinations and abilities are found already at the early stages of preparation and even during recruitment.

When working with children, every coach, no matter how he realizes the need for equal treatment of students, will pay attention to those who are better at assimilating the educational material. However, one must always remember that in complex coordination sports, and even with situational conditions, the leading criterion for assessing a student's activity is not so much his current physical abilities and even not so much initial coordination, because it has its own sensitive periods of development (G.K. Fedyakina, 1998), how much motivation to engage in this type of activity and the quality of the training program.

So, at first, the quality of mastering the technique of attacking techniques of a taekwondo player in the form of strikes on various objects and imitation of strikes on a real opponent should be assessed.

Then the defense is studied and practiced in response to imitation of attacking actions. This ensures the formation of reliable coordination structures without excessive sensorimotor and even more psychological interference at this stage.

The desire to master the technique of a large number of techniques does not threaten with the dispersal of attention, since many of them have a common coordinating structure.

The ability to demonstrate a large number of techniques motivates you to engage in long-term taekwondo.

Therefore, the organization of tests for the demonstration of the studied techniques has great importance to preserve the student population.

In this regard, it would be advisable to initial stage training in taekwondo not to overload unprepared children with psychomotor loads, but to stimulate them to cognitive activity and to encourage it in a timely manner.

Early specialization in sports, and especially in martial arts, raised the still unsolvable problem of age-related inability to perform functional loads. Martial arts is a combat type that requires high volitional qualities and high noise immunity of the emotional sphere. These qualities have not yet matured at the age at which children are now being taken to the section. Not all children are ready to go in for martial arts without preliminary preparation, although many want to go in for them due to the high social significance of these types. Therefore, long-term preparation in gentle modes is needed.

The previous chapters describe a formal approach to organizing various types of sports training. However, as time goes on, society receives new information, often diametrically opposed to past ideas, but the phenomenon of conservatism of social ideas continues to hinder the development of physical culture as a factor of biological and social development.

As an example, we can cite a number of statements by sports specialists about the problem of optimizing sports training, which were heard back in the 50s of the twentieth century:

a) “Children have become the object of a policy of forced upbringing and education. The dominant doctrine of domestic pedagogy (which is in circulation abroad) is developing education. Having emerged in the field of school education, it extended its effect to all stages of childhood, including prenatal ... There are tendencies in teaching children to swim in infancy before they master the skills of walking. If these are nothing more than curiosities, then attempts to activate the motor development of children in preschool age when transferring the basic techniques and principles of school physical education to them is a fairly common phenomenon. The validity or falsity of these attempts depends on the clarification of the question of what is primary - learning or maturation (T. Bayer). In many examples of the infantile period of life, he proves the primacy of the factor of maturation. By stimulating a function, the material substrate of which has not yet matured, we forcibly keep it at a sufficiently high level. However, when the educational impact is eliminated, the achieved effect disappears, the function returns to its original level of intensity, corresponding to the capabilities of the material substrate. The forces of the child's body were wasted, and their consumption was excessive due to the biological unpreparedness of the body to perceive and rationally implement the training effect. Therefore, the violent stimulation of the development of unprepared organs and systems damages the growing organism. "

“The results of a violent policy of upbringing and education in childhood may be: premature wear of the immune system, leading to the“ rejuvenation ”of a number of diseases; activation of the growth of heavily loaded organs with delayed growth and development of adjacent ones, leading to the phenomena of disharmonious acceleration of the organism's development ”(BA Nikityuk, 1994);

b) “The somatopsychic integrity of the individual and human personality is a living system, the elements of which are balanced, connected with each other by not very rigid ties, which allows them to undergo adaptive changes, but only within certain limits. Adaptation to the conditions of the natural and social environment is achieved while saving physical strength and energy costs, synchronously and harmoniously at different levels of somatopsychic integrity. At the same time, social adaptation mechanisms are prioritized over biological ones ... The requirement of economizing rational adaptive changes is fulfilled with their slow course under conditions of a gradual increase in the intensity of external influence ”(V. A. Nikityuk, V. V. Kuzin, 1995);

c) “By massive use of training means, we strive to compensate for their insufficient focus, which leads to an unjustified growth of the quantitative aspect of training to the detriment of its quality” (LP Matveev, 1969);

d) "The enthusiasm of many coaches for general physical loads cannot be justified, since at competitions, in the end, not general physical qualities are assessed, but specific actions" (A. N. Lenz, 1972; G. I. Toropin, 1984);

e) “The mediocre level of inclinations and abilities should not serve as an obstacle to enrollment in the CYSS. After all, a person's giftedness is revealed only through activity and mainly in the type of activity for which he has the inclinations and abilities "(" Teaching about training ", 1971).

Unfortunately, the period when the all-encompassing requirement in the USSR was the delivery of the standards of the TRP (Ready for Labor and Defense) complex has passed a long time ago. Already in the 60s, an unbridled race for the United States began in all military, economic and social aspects that could testify to the superiority of the socio-economic system.

Deception of world public opinion was used. It was necessary to prove the superiority of our socio-economic system, an indicator of which, in particular, were sports achievements. The previously dominant requirement for the organization of a comprehensive physical culture and sports movement was replaced by a system for reducing the costs of mass sports and the transfer of funds to elite sports.

We have come to a “stalemate” situation when there is something to “feed” the champions, but it is not known where they should come from, while it is known that mass sport is the basis of the highest sporting achievements. Higher sporting achievements should not be an end in itself for society. They should only testify to the complete economic and social well-being in the country. The decline in our results in the world sports arena testifies not only to the decrease in the energetically gifted people from the former southern republics. The main reason its is the disappearance of mass sports. In addition, the “childhood disease of leftism” in Russian sports has a significant destructive effect on the results (once V. I. Lenin wrote an article with a similar title, which criticized the tendency of the Russian Bolsheviks to obtain results by any means, but “now and completely”) ...

It is possible to somehow justify the coaches in our traditional martial arts (types of wrestling and boxing), but it is surprising that many Russian coaches in martial arts, bowing to the eastern system, do not fulfill its basic principle - sparing training regimes, abandon other people's children with impunity from 6 -years old to compete in adversarial mode, destroying their physical health and psyche.

After watching films about Chinese wushu classes, which demonstrate methods of developing the will of monks through self-torture, our exalted trainers, without having experienced this on themselves, transfer such a "technique" not to their children (and some also to their own, even losing them for this reason ), the perniciousness of which was already mentioned above.

Unfortunately, in our school, among children, on average, only 15% of children are healthy. Why cripple these remaining unbearable loads and early exposure to fights with hard contact?

According to the results of a survey of children who have gone through early competitive single combat, most of them do not return to sports, and according to a survey of teachers, these children (already adolescents) are subsequently prone to taking various tranquilizers, since their adaptive physiological and psychological systems turned out to be broken.

There is an absolute ignorance of parents who allow their child to be released to martial arts competitions at the age of 7. In this case, they are driven by self-esteem for the championship of their "child". The self-expression instinct works against their child.

A coach with a physical education must prevent such a situation and by all means deter bragging parents from forcing athletic performance.

Only the organization of training with scrupulous adherence to the pedagogical principles of teaching (gradualness, accessibility, etc.), respect for the personality and health of each student will allow the team to be preserved.

A. N. Bernshtein described the principles of life as a "Great Competition", but the word "merciless" should also be added to it.

Indeed, all living things are trying not only to survive, but also to leave behind offspring. To ensure the first task, you need to find food. In this process, even plants enter into fierce competition, as for animals, among them the competition manifests itself in even more cruel forms. If predators by nature, in order to feed themselves, must deprive herbivores of life, then, as it turned out, intraspecific competition turns out to be more severe.

The program of every living creature contains deep instincts that provide the individual with the implementation of the biological program of development and extinction.

For example, in youth, the macroinstinct of the struggle for a sexual partner is most clearly manifested. In men, this is the need for competition, which is provided by the instinct of aggression by self-assertion, and in women, it is the need to attract attention, which is provided by the instinct of self-expression. These instincts are deep (dark), and it is pointless to fight against their manifestation.

This brief biological information is given with the aim of arguing the impossibility of a direct fight against their manifestations.

As A. Pushkin says: “Vague desires have woken up ...”, which the subject cannot really explain, but acts spontaneously, at the level of logically not reasoned emotions.

It is easier, as mentioned earlier, not to prohibit, but to direct excess adaptive energy into a channel that is safe for society. This way is competitive activity, which exactly copies the laws of intraspecific competition.

It is the competitive activity, clothed in the rules of competition, that allows you to realize (satisfy) the unconscious need for a power conflict in a civilized framework with the exclusion of subsequent “showdowns”.

The biological instincts in the nude are characteristic of the child, since voluntary attention and voluntary inhibition have not yet matured in them. Each of them is largely focused on the results of the upcoming competitions in their educational and cognitive activities. Moreover, these competitions should be held quite often and necessarily with certification and awards.

The above does not mean that full contact dayang competitions should be held frequently. You can think of a lot of competitions with gentle sensorimotor and psychomotor modes.

However, due to the inherent high level of unreasoned claims (at a low level of opportunities) for this age, children react painfully to loss and to the last places. It is these factors that are responsible for the massive dropout rate among children.

To reduce this negative factor, it is necessary to organize competitions for them in the form of demonstration of wrestling techniques for assessment, as is done in gymnastics competitions. Moreover, it is advisable to divide children into groups of accelerators and retardants, so that children who are delayed in somatic development do not develop a negative feeling of inferiority.

As mentioned above, at present, a significant number of children, due to the ever worsening environmental situation (air, water, food), due to the smoking of expectant mothers, due to the drunkenness of their parents and the lack of necessary physical activity, belong to the group of patients. According to medical examinations, only 15% of children in grades 5-7 can be considered practically healthy. If we also take into account the presence in the section of children with different levels of somatic maturity, then the coach, in addition to the problem of technical and tactical training available to all, faces a complex problem of organizing sparing, but effective physical training.

In order not to hurt the souls of children, in order to give everyone the opportunity not to be socially humiliated (otherwise children leave the sections), it is necessary to organize testing of physical qualities on an individual basis.

All children are given a list of test requirements and deadlines for their delivery. Everyone can be tested at any training session within three months.

While the whole group completes any group task, an announcement is made: "Who wants to pass the standard for physical fitness?"

After the individual testing, together with the student, an approximate date for the next test is set with a forecast for a certain increase in indicators.

The delivery of standards for physical training should not be carried out in front of the entire team.

In conclusion. It is very important to maintain mutual respect in the group. Without shouting, by explaining ethical norms, to suppress any attempts by children to mock each other for any reason, and even more so attempts to violence against the weaker. It should be borne in mind that children are born small animals with all the instincts inherent in animal instincts and become human only through upbringing. In the conditions of early specialization, this role of the educator falls on the coach.

1. Motivating principles for qualifying the activities of taekwondo athletes.

3. Measures to preserve the contingent of students with different motives and necessary incentives.

4. Observance of gentle functional loads.

5. Gentle stimulation of the growth of physical qualities of children.

Hall equipment

A specially equipped room for practical training sessions is allocated under the taekwondo hall. Its size should allow for classes with a group of at least 14-16 people. The height of the hall is 5–6 m. The walls should be painted 1.5–2 m from the floor with oil paint (wipe it regularly with a damp cloth). The color of the walls and ceiling is light. The floor is best made of wood. It is recommended to wash it, and not rub it with mastic, which is easily transferred to the tatami.

The latest data on the use of sports equipment suggests that in order to maintain the amortization period of the dayang, it must be placed on a platform that allows air to be ventilated under the mats.

Windows should be wide and fitted with protective screens.

For artificial lighting, lamps of reflected or diffused light should be used, placed at the top and equipped with protective nets.

The hall must contain:

Supply and exhaust ventilation, which provides three times air exchange per hour;

Storage rooms for inventory;

Utility rooms: locker room, showers, massage room, toilet (it is better to place it near the entrance to the locker room, at the exit from the toilet you need to put a mat for wiping your feet), rooms for a teacher, nurse, etc.;

First-aid kit, which includes: iodine, alcohol solution of brilliant green, Novikov's liquid, ammonia, potassium permanganate solution, hydrogen peroxide, chloroethyl, petroleum jelly, dressings, adhesive plaster, cotton wool, bandages, rubber band, splints made of cardboard, plywood or wire, scissors.

All medications must have labels, expiration dates and doctor's instructions for their use.

Dayang... For taekwondo practice, dayang must be 12? 12 m brickwork". Once assembled, the dayang can be reinforced with a wooden frame made of small blocks. There should be no depressions or protrusions at the joints of the mats. To protect taekwondo players from injuries and bruises, a soft path or mats with a width of at least 1 m and a thickness of at least 2.5 cm (but not thicker than the dayang itself) must be laid around the dayang (especially the reduced size). There should be no foreign objects, columns, equipment around the dayang and in its immediate vicinity.

The working part should be marked on the dayang, which is indicated by the layout of the red sections, the outer zone of the red sections should be 10? ten).

The two opposite sides of the dayang along the longitudinal axis of the hall must have a mark of the location of the taekwondo fighters before and at the end of the fight. One is marked with a red stripe, the other with a blue stripe.

Inventory

In a typical taekwondo hall, you should have 5-6 bags of various shapes and weights. So, 3-4 taekwondo players can simultaneously strike at the “giant” bag. Such a bag should not be solid, its diameter is 1.5 m, and its height is up to 1.8 m.

Soft elastic washers are put on the inner metal rod of the conical and cylindrical bags TU 6233-63.

In training, a pneumohydraulic bag TU 3040-65 is also used, which consists of a strong rubber cylindrical chamber, a cover and a shell of the same shape, which is filled with water. It is convenient for hitting hard during all preparation periods and especially before a competition. A ball-shaped bag is also used.

also in enough there should be protective protectors, helmets, paws and pads.

Equipment: rope 4–5 m high, rings, crossbar, gymnastic horse and goat, gymnastic wall, gymnastic benches.

For individual training in the gym, you need to have dumbbells weighing 2-5 kg, weights weighing 16-32 kg, collapsible dumbbells weighing up to 15-20 kg, barbells (preferably reduced in size), expander and rubber bandages, jump ropes, stuffed balls, balls for sports games (basketball and football, as well as rubber or synthetic for outdoor games).

It is advisable to have exercise equipment.

In non-dayang classes (cross-country, games, strength training), Taekwondo athletes wear regular tracksuits and athletic shoes. In cases where athletes are forced to maintain or reduce weight before competition, they train in special suits made of windproof and waterproof artificial fabric.

The hall should have: a long bench, a notice board, a mirror, a wardrobe, a chair, a table with a decanter (with water) and glasses.

The specified minimum of equipment and inventory, if possible, can be expanded and improved.

Large physical activity in sports requires that the training conditions can be changed if necessary. Therefore, a game room, outdoor sports fields, a swimming pool, a general physical training room, etc. can be adjacent to the taekwondo hall.

In order to better organize the work, coaches should have two changing rooms so that the students from different training groups undress separately.

When organizing taekwondo classes, it must be remembered that a sports club for practitioners is not only a place for training, but also a place for spending most of their free time. Therefore, the complex of premises, in addition to the gym, should include a foyer with comfortable furniture, TV, radio, fresh newspapers and magazines.

All this contributes to successful educational work, without which there can be no high sports results.

The problems of increasing the effectiveness of physical culture in ensuring the full-fledged physical development of people and long-term maintenance of their functional capabilities, first of all, require a study of the possibilities of taekwondo in this area, since its social significance attracts significant masses of people of different ages.

At present, in the conditions of constant growth of sports results, work with talented athletes and constant improvement of teaching and training methods, taking into account the increasing demands of the competitive activity of a taekwondo player, are of particular importance.

However, social and environmental changes in the life of society have raised the problem of using taekwondo as a recreational means of physical culture, which requires serious research in the field of ensuring mass participation in such a seemingly difficult occupation.

It is also known that some means and methods of teaching and improving different parties Taekwondo training can also become a brake on the path of athletic growth. It all depends on their rational interpretation and use. Scientific research in solving these issues is the main one. Moreover, the value of a scientific approach lies in the ability to look into the future.

This chapter provides general provisions preparation and conduct of research in taekwondo, as well as a brief description of the main research methods used in the development of problems, topics and tasks of scientific research.

The concept of "research work" includes the generalization of methodological, scientific and methodological, scientific research works.

The concept of "methodological work" reflects the specifics of work related to the generalization of experience or well-known methodological and scientific developments, and does not require a specially organized research.

When performing methodological work, a specialist must, first of all, know well the practice of taekwondo, be well versed in the issue that is supposed to be covered, know the relevant literature, as well as how other practitioners relate to this problem.

In the methodological work, the already known provisions of the teaching, training and organization methodology are mainly stated. Methodical work does not require a strict scientific organization of the research, scientific substantiation of the research results, but relies on these data. As an example, we can cite the development of programs for a sports school, sports school, etc., preparation and writing of some recommendations, methodological letters, manuals, textbooks.

Scientific and methodological work is characterized, first of all, by the presence of elements of novelty, the clarity of the setting of tasks, the scientific validity of the recommendations offered after the experiment, as well as scientific and practical generalizations of the direct activities of taekwondo players in the conditions of education, training and competition.

The scientific and methodological works can include term papers and theses of students, scientific reports of complex scientific groups, etc.

Each student is obliged to demonstrate his ability to conduct scientific research, which is confirmed by the obligatory performance of the thesis, lasting 3 years.

Completion of the thesis

Research work includes a clear statement of research objectives, the advancement of a working hypothesis, the choice of research methods, the development of a program, own research (selection of experimental groups, a calendar plan for the implementation of a working hypothesis, etc.), processing of the data obtained, discussion of research results, writing a scientific report, conclusions and proposals.

Classic examples research work are dissertations, scientific reports of employees of the institute, etc.

Preparation for research

For execution scientific work it is necessary to develop a research methodology, that is, to determine the topic, its specific tasks, to outline the course (stages) of work and research methods as ways of obtaining specific scientific data.

Choosing a topic, setting research objectives

The choice of the topic marks the beginning of work and follows directly from the need to study the comprehensive process of education and training of an athlete. The topic should meet the modern requirements of science (sports pedagogy, psychology, physiology, etc.) and be relevant.

Currently, in taekwondo, the following questions are especially relevant:

Modeling sports characteristics (technical-tactical and functional);

Feasibility and variety of selection;

Ensuring the speed and reliability of the development of technology;

Formation of an optimal technical and tactical arsenal;

Taekwondo training at different stages of their training;

Improving the effectiveness of training in the conditions of early specialization;

Optimization of training loads in the light of individualization of biological rhythms.

Naturally, research topics should reflect these important issues.

The requirements imposed in modern taekwondo for certain aspects of skill and for the body of athletes can be combined into one problem: "Managing the training of a taekwondo player." The research topic is concretized by the range of tasks. When setting the optimal number of tasks, it is necessary to determine the mutual relationship.

Knowledge of the subject of research allows you to formulate a working hypothesis, that is, to give scientifically grounded assumptions about solving a specific problem, about the possible results of the phenomenon under study, etc.

A working hypothesis should not be a dogmatic guide to action, forcing to consider the data obtained in the process of work through the prism of assumptions not confirmed by experiment.

After the researcher has put forward a working hypothesis, he outlines a scientific work plan, which should include all the main research questions, including research methods, a work implementation program and the necessary material support.

Research methods

To solve the problems of the theory and methodology of teaching and training a taekwondo player, the following research methods can be considered the most effective (in order of conduct):

1 Analysis of sources of special literature.

2. Analysis of sectional, guideline and competition documentation.

3. Interviewing specialists (highly qualified coaches and taekwondo players).

4. Sociological survey (persons incompetent in single combats).

5. Pedagogical observations using the technique of symbolic registration of technical actions (or video recording) with subsequent statistical processing of the data obtained.

6. Method of control tests (physical and technical readiness).

7. Laboratory experiments using:

Digital synchronized two- and three-plane video filming;

Tensodinamometry using strain gauges and strain gauges;

Registration of hemodynamics by heart rate, blood pressure;

Chemical analysis of the composition of blood, lymph, sweat, urine;

Psychological methods of forecasting and control.

8. Model experiments (by approbation of technical actions in the conditional contact mode).

9. Natural (pedagogical experiment to test the effectiveness of the proposed methodology).

The choice of research methods is determined, first of all, specific tasks work and the feasibility of solving the topic as a whole.

Analysis of sources of special literature allows you to choose a topic and research methods, to compare the practical and scientific value of conclusions and recommendations, to have deep awareness and a modern understanding of the topic being studied.

Practically the generalization and theoretical analysis of the data of special literature allows the researcher not to "break into an open door", to understand what is, what is not, what is the contradiction and the problem. These data are displayed together with the analysis of sectional and competition documentation, with a survey of specialists, a sociological survey and pedagogical observation data. In addition, the author shows the depth of his erudition by the quality and representativeness of references to the literature, and by the presentation of complex material - the relevance of the research being undertaken.

Documentation analysis is necessary to identify:

Influence of attitudes from above on the formation of the program and teaching methods, etc .;

The degree of student turnover in the field of sports school or in school sections;

Quality and representation from different regions participants in competitions of various sizes, etc.

Sociological survey it is necessary when you need to know the public opinion, the opinion of students about the degree of effectiveness and perception of the methods with which teachers are trying to influence them.

Pedagogical observations different from the usual viewing of training sessions and competitions. An observer-teacher deals with a specific object, he uses specially developed schemes, keeps minutes, makes certain notes, taking into account specifically solved problems.

Before conducting pedagogical observations, it is necessary to determine the observation tasks, the object of observation, the method of fixation (diagram, protocol, transcript), the processing method, additional facts that allow you to delve into the solution of this problem. For greater objectivity, the observation of the phenomenon under study is carried out by several researchers.

To observe technical and tactical actions in competition conditions with the help of symbolic registration, symbols, the method of fixing them and further mathematical processing, described in the "Pedagogical control" chapter, are used.

To monitor the implementation of the planned load in the weekly cycle, a scheme for planning, recording and processing the received data is used. To calculate the load performed in a training session, the net time of a particular work is multiplied by the points of the intensity with which this work was performed. The intensity is determined by the heart rate.

Laboratory experiment

The laboratory experiment is characterized by strict standardization, significant conventions necessary to isolate the subjects from the influence of environmental factors. Basically, a laboratory experiment is used to identify deep physiological mechanisms underlying any process. For example, taekwondo fighters perform standard intensive work, after which energy consumption, the reaction of the cardiovascular system, the neuromuscular system, recovery processes, etc. are studied.

This study makes it possible to study the functional state of various systems of the taekwondo athlete's body and changes in their states under the influence of loads of various volumes and intensities. A laboratory experiment requires careful adherence to all conditions for its conduct.

To study the parameters of the execution of technical actions, instrumental research methods are used (film, video and photography, tensometry, dynamometry, etc.). In taekwondo, registration methods, for example, techniques, are used not only during competitions, but also in laboratory conditions. This makes it possible to reveal general patterns in the structure of a specific attacking action and to reveal the individual orientation of the technical skill of a taekwondo fighter.

Strain gauge registration methods are used for high-quality and quantify basic taekwondo techniques. For the graphic registration of support and shock reactions when performing technical actions, special horizontal and vertical platforms are used, the base of which is attached to elements that perceive mechanical deformation from the movements of the taekwondo player on the platform or from impacts on the vertical platform. Electrical strain gauges are glued to these elements, converting mechanical deformation into electrical signals. Each element has two or four strain gauges, electrical connection which is carried out using a half-bridge (2 sensors) or bridge (4 sensors) scheme. Electrical signals from the strain gauges are fed to the input of the strain amplifier, which amplifies the incoming current and voltage signals. Electric signals amplified by a strain gauge station are fed to a computer and illustrated on a monitor with subsequent decoding on a printer.

It is possible to obtain tensometric information using tensometric insoles made of polymer rubber, which makes it possible to register the redistribution of body weight on different parts of the foot (toe or heel, outer or inner edge of the foot) at the moment of an impact or maneuver.

Laboratory experiment may pursue the goal of identifying the body's response to various kinds of functional loads.

In this case, the following can be used as tools:

Registration of heart rate (HR);

Blood pressure measurement;

Chemical analysis of blood and excretion products (urine, sweat, breath);

Psychological research methods (questionnaires, reflexometers), etc.

Model experiment

A model is a reproduction of a phenomenon under certain, artificially created conditions. In a model experiment, the analyzed phenomenon can be repeated the required number of times. It can be reproduced in a simplified but more accurate form.

A model experiment is characterized by a greater proximity to real actions. It has the ability to simultaneously use a large range of research methods (including instrumental ones) and thereby reveal the discovered pattern with great accuracy and detail. Significant signs models are visualization, a well-known distraction, an element of scientific and creative imagination, the use of analogies with practical reality. In the course of applying the model in experimental work, its individual sides are polished. Adjustments are made to the original version of the experiment. The variant, as it were, turns into a model of the second, third, etc. order. Ultimately, variants of model studies can serve as a training method that locally affects one or another aspect of an athlete's training.

With the help of a model experiment, for example, it is possible, in artificially created conditions, to establish a list of optimal technical actions when changing certain kinematic, static and dynamic situations.

During the model experiment, the number of successful actions (including their score) is recorded. Moreover, the number of these actions should ensure statistical reliability.

This is followed by the finalization of the innovative proposal and its verification through a natural experiment.

Natural pedagogical experiment

A natural experiment is carried out when the researcher needs to check the objectivity of the results of his preliminary research and his working hypothesis in a real educational process. Natural pedagogical experiment is the final experimental substantiation of the hypothesis put forward. The simplest example of a natural experiment can be considered a taekwondo lesson, in which teachers study the effect on the body of those who are engaged in a new set of training means and methods, at the same time including it in the set of exercises of the usual program.

The optimal form of a pedagogical experiment is the organization of two groups: a control group (practicing according to a standard program) and an experimental one (with the inclusion of developed innovations).

Processing of research results

One of the most important sections of research work is the processing of the results obtained. The effectiveness of conclusions and proposals depends on the depth of analysis of the factual material of the research.

When solving major problems, such as, for example, the management of the training process of a taekwondo player, they use a qualitative analysis using the methodology of a systematic approach. In this case, the analysis uses such provisions of the systemic approach, such as, for example, the definition of functional, genetic and other connections between the subsystems of the model of athletes in the initial and final state, training programs and control systems.

Despite the enormous importance of qualitative analysis in the study of various phenomena, the identification of objective patterns largely depends on the use of quantitative analysis. In science are widely used statistical methods processing numerical data. However, some pedagogical problems of the research, for example, the study of the activity of the behavior of a taekwondo fighter in combat, the effectiveness of attacking and defensive actions, a variety of technical actions in competitions, can be solved by simple arithmetic calculations.

For example, a quantitative indicator of the effectiveness of technical actions (KOPE) is determined using the formula:

where n is the number of estimated attacking actions,

m - the number of all real attacks

To study the electrical activity (EA) of the leading muscles when performing a technique, determine the level of EA of the main muscle groups in a standard position, and then - when performing a technique using the opponent's defenses. The difference will allow you to determine the leading muscle groups when performing a particular technique and the level of their activity in comparison with the standard position. But if the process under study is considered as probabilistic, which is described by quantities subject to uncontrolled dispersion, and there is a need to study the mean values ​​of features, use the methods of mathematical statistics. So, the arithmetic mean allows you to generalize the quantitative values ​​of homogeneous features, the standard deviation allows you to characterize the degree of dispersion of the values ​​of the studied features relative to their mean values.

To process the results of research in taekwondo, you can use, for example, the following statistical parameters: the arithmetic mean (M); standard deviation (±?); mean error of the arithmetic mean (± m); mean error of the difference (t).

The description of these operations, which are commonly used in all educational research, is described in any textbook on mathematical statistics.

Literary and graphic design of the work

The design of the thesis (research results) should be subject to uniform requirements, the most important of which are the visibility and accessibility of the work for the reader.

The structure of the final qualifying work

1. Title page.

2. Introduction, divided into sections:

Relevance (state of the matter, contradiction, problem);

Purpose of the study;

Working hypothesis;

Research objectives;

Scientific novelty;

Practical significance;

Structure and scope of work.

3. Chapter 1 - the detailed content of the results of the analysis of special literature, a survey of specialists, pedagogical observations with a summary of the need for this research.

4. 2nd chapter - methods and organization of research with a description of all the methods used.

5. 3rd chapter - the content and results of laboratory, model and natural pedagogical experiments.

7. List of used literature.

8. Application.

9. Act of implementation.

1. The purpose of student research work.

2. Actual directions of research in taekwondo.

3. The order of work with literary sources.

4. Tasks and content of work when interviewing specialists.

5. Tasks and content of work in a sociological survey.

6. Tasks and content of work with section documentation.

7. Objectives and content of work with competition documentation.

8. Justification of contradictions and problems.

9. Formation of the goal and objectives of the study.

10. Formation of a working hypothesis.

11. Drawing up a plan for a formative experiment.

12. Methods of instrumental research of athlete's movements.

13. Methods of instrumental research of sensorimotor functions.

14. Methods of instrumental research of vegetative functions.

15. Methods of model experiments.

16. Methodology for conducting a natural pedagogical experiment.

17. The use of mathematical statistics in the assessment of technical and tactical activities.

18. The use of mathematical statistics in the assessment of sensorimotor functions.

19. The use of mathematical statistics in the assessment of vegetative functions.

20. The use of mathematical statistics in assessing the data of a sociological survey.

The leading role in the learning process belongs to the trainer-teacher. This is manifested in the leadership of learning (planning, organization and control), leadership in the learning process (management and optimization of the learning process) and leadership through learning (the formation of the personality of the trainees).

The effectiveness of the learning process depends largely on the conditions of its organization. There are two groups of conditions: socio-pedagogical and psychological-didactic.

To the first group include: the presence of a qualified, creatively working teacher; the presence of a close-knit, friendly team of students; availability of material and technical conditions (teaching aids, technical teaching aids, etc.); the presence of a favorable psychological climate, good relationship between trainees and teachers, based on mutual respect, on the teacher's love for children; observance of the rules of hygiene and the regime of exercise and rest.

To the second group can be attributed: high level training level of the trainees, corresponding to this stage of training; the presence of a sufficient level of formation of motives for learning and future professional activity, ensuring the interest of students in independent educational and cognitive activities under the guidance of a teacher; observance of the didactic principles and rules of organizing the educational process; the use of active forms and methods of teaching.

The activity of a trainer as a pedagogical system. The activities of a trainer are carried out within the framework of a certain pedagogical system, in which structural and functional components are distinguished.

Structural components: goal; content (educational and scientific information as a subject of assimilation); means, methods and forms of pedagogical influences (pedagogical communication); object (teacher, coach) and subject (student, athlete, class, team, etc.) of pedagogical influences.

Functional components include actions aimed at solving various problems arising in the training process. Allocate gnostic, design, communicative, organizational and motor components.

Gnostic component includes actions aimed at obtaining and accumulating knowledge about the structural components of the sports training system:

The goals of sports training for taekwondo athletes at different stages of sportsmanship;

The system of knowledge in the field of theory and methods of training taekwondo players;

Means to achieve the set goals;

Objects of activity (fighter, group as a whole), their condition, development;

All the changes that occur with them, the patterns of adaptation of the fighter's body to training and competitive loads;

Functions of the coach's activity and methods of managing the training process.

The gnostic functions of a trainer also include the ability to acquire new knowledge on the basis of constant self-education, professional and cultural development, study, analysis and generalization. scientific facts and the accumulated personal experience of training taekwondo, as well as the experience of other coaches. Especially important in this regard is the ability to restructure their activities on the basis of new knowledge.

Design component includes actions related to the planning of the training process (perspective, current, operational) and the development of training programs for a different contingent of people involved.

The teacher should be able to:

To select and determine sports orientation in order to identify the initial level of those involved in the rational acquisition of training groups;

Predict changes in the state of the object of pedagogical influences;

Determine the goals of the training process and intermediate tasks for different stages of training;

Determine the programmatic and regulatory framework for plans.

Constructive component. The teacher should be able to:

Select and program the content of educational material in separate training sessions;

Develop learning objectives upbringing, education and training of taekwondo players;

Design the qualities that need to be nurtured in taekwondo players;

Methodically develop separate areas of activity of the sports team during school and outside school time;

Program activities - their own and those of students - in training sessions and in the process of conducting educational activities;

To form in taekwondo athletes a system of special skills and abilities, versatile physical and psychological training.

Communicative component includes activities related to the establishment of relationships:

With a sports team, in a team, with each team member;

With the administration sports school, parents, sponsors;

With other sports teams and organizations.

Communication skills express the coach's desire to be demanding, but fair, to take into account the psychology of the personality of a taekwondo fighter, to form in pupils a steady interest and motivation for systematic sports and the achievement of high sports results.

Organizational component. The teacher should be able to:

To organize the activities of a sports team with the participation of each athlete in it for the successful solution of the set goals and achievement of the required result;

Create and develop traditions in the team;

To form students' organizational skills;

To train pupils to lead a team, to ensure interaction in a team;

Combine accounting, control, punishment and reward systems in your work.

Motor component. The teacher must:

Skillfully master the technique of physical exercises of the chosen and auxiliary sports;

Possess the techniques of insurance and self-insurance;

Rationally choose methods, forms of conducting classes, your place in the hall;

Own the methods of organizing the movement of students in the hall, on the site;

To be able to repair and manufacture the simplest sports equipment.

The most significant didactic skills are the following (I.P. Sokolova, 1979):

1) see the error;

2) see the reason for the error;

3) briefly and clearly explain the exercise;

4) choose a place for observation;

5) analyze the technique of the performed exercise, taking into account individual and age characteristics;

6) select exercises with the transition from simple to complex, from easy to more difficult;

7) determine the logical sequence of the exercise;

8) select simulation exercises;

9) highlight the main elements of technology;

10) anticipate possible difficulties in mastering the technique of movement;

11) choose a system of various exercises for the development of special physical qualities.

Less essential are the skills:

1) force to complete the task;

2) figuratively compare the studied exercise;

3) create associations with existing motor experience;

4) provide practical assistance to the student (push, support, tilt, etc. in time);

5) do the exercise correctly;

6) divide the exercises into their constituent elements;

7) show the exercise as a whole with varying speed and emphasis on the nodes and elements;

8) show the exercise in parts and elements.

The activity of a teacher is largely determined by the level of preparedness of the trainees with whom he works, and the nature of the educational process.

Practically all of the above skills are important in working with beginners and with athletes of mass categories, the severity of which characterizes the skill of the coach. When working with highly qualified athletes, the importance of such skills as to briefly and clearly explain, to create associations with the already existing motor experience, to see the reasons for arising errors in the technique of performing exercises increases.

There are empirical and theoretical components professional activity. The empirical component is made up of the skills and abilities of stereotyped (already existing) ways of solving typical problems in certain situations. The theoretical (creatively transformative) component is the ability to navigate in unexpected situations, to find new solutions in unusual, atypical, problematic situations. The level of a coach's professional skill is determined by his ability to find a way out of problem situations.

The teacher in the educational process acts as:

Team leader (organizer);

Teacher (theorist and practitioner);

Educator (psychologist);

A person with his own worldview, moral principles, professional qualities.

There are four substructures in the structure of a coach's personality.

The moral qualities of the teacher's personality that determine the motivational orientation of his activities:

Sustained desire and desire to transfer professional experience in sports activities;

Passion for the profession, dedication in work, responsible and creative attitude to work, support and correct criticism of students.

Professional qualities of a trainer:

Knowledge of a specific sport and possession of specific sports skills;

Quality of teaching;

Organizational skills;

Attitude to work;

The ratio of exactingness, fairness, adherence to principles, objectivity;

Ability to organize training and recreation;

Ability to maintain and create positive traditions and habits in a team.

Individual psychological traits of a coach's personality: the level of intelligence, motivation, attitude, strength and stability of nervous processes, erudition, intelligence, memory, thinking, volitional qualities, emotionality, cheerfulness, experience and intuition, the ability to generalize situations already encountered in practice, etc. etc.

Dynamic personality traits: age, gender, temperament, health status, level of development of physical qualities, etc.

The dominant qualities of a coach working with young athletes are the following (A. A. Derkach, A. A. Isaev, 1981):

Ability to instill love for the chosen sport;

Love for children;

Striving to help in difficult times;

Complete dedication to your favorite business, the ability to spare your free time;

The ability to assist in the formation of personality, character formation;

Ability to monitor the behavior of students outside the classroom (for academic performance and behavior at school, on the street, in the family);

Ability to provide assistance in solving vital issues.

There are three main groups of factors that determine the ways of forming a coaching authority: the manner of communication, demeanor and specific professional and business qualities of the coach.

In addition, a coach who cares about his authority among pupils and about its strengthening must strictly adhere to certain principles of behavior.

Trainer pedagogical skill levels

Coaches differ from one another not only by the athletic achievements of their students, but also by the methods by which they achieve these results. An ideal trainer (“model” of a trainer) is characterized by the following pronounced qualities (according to I. V. Zhmarev): emotional stability, sociability, high level of intelligence, enterprise, desire for creativity, independence. However, in real conditions, certain qualities of different coaches can prevail, leave an imprint on the nature of their activities and determine the style of leadership of a sports team or the training of individual athletes. Distinguish between authoritarian, democratic and liberal styles.

The authoritarian type of a coach is characterized by: one-man management, intolerance to objections and criticism, categorical judgments. Such a coach requires an athlete to strictly fulfill all his tasks, leaving practically no room for the initiative and creativity of students. This leadership style is based not on the coach's personal authority, but on his official rights. The reasons for the manifestation of authoritarian leadership are: the characteristics of the coach's temperament, lack of upbringing, as well as the lack of proper control and exactingness on the part of the leadership.

The democratic type of coach is characterized by: the presence of collective thinking and discussion of problems and tasks facing the sports team; the presence of a creative environment in the team. In such a team, the coach clearly sets the main goals for the athletes, defines the tasks and indicates the main ways to solve them, providing athletes with an opportunity for search, initiative, experiment. The basis of the democratic leadership style is the high personal authority of the coach, his professional skills and personal qualities. At the same time, such a style of leadership is possible only in such a sports team, which is characterized by a certain level of social and theoretical maturity. In this case, the sports collective, brought up on democratic principles of leadership, is distinguished by cohesion, high discipline, consciousness and is ready to solve the most difficult problems and achieve high sports achievements.

The liberal style of leadership is characterized by minimal intervention of the trainer in the training process and by him solving mainly organizational issues. The basis for such a leadership style can be, on the one hand, a sufficiently high level of the coach's preparedness, his competence in matters of sports training methodology, and on the other, the coach's inability (for various reasons) to reach the level of the achieved leadership, and his training does not correspond to the requirements of the time.

The effectiveness of the coach's activity depends not only on the style of leadership of the sports team, but also on other factors that can be divided into: objective (economic, social, scientific, organizational) and subjective (personal - basic, situational - procedural), which are of the greatest importance for assessing the coaching skill.

1. Describe the signs of social and pedagogical conditions that affect the effectiveness of the learning process.

2. To characterize the signs of psychological and didactic conditions that affect the quality of educational and training work.

3. The composition of the trainer's gnostic functions.

4. The composition of the design functions of the trainer.

5. Composition of the trainer's communicative functions.

6. Organizational functions of the trainer.

7. Constructive functions of a trainer.

8. The motor component in the trainer's activity.

9. Didactic functions of the trainer.

10. Moral qualities of the teacher's personality.

11. Professional qualities of a trainer.

12. The manner of communication of the coach.

13. The behavior of the coach.

14. Professional and business qualities of a trainer.

16. Democratic type of coach.

17. Liberal leadership style.