If you have planned repairs and glazing of the balcony, then it’s time to think about increasing it usable area by removal. To do this, you can use the following techniques:

1. Increasing the floor area along the slab (usually up to 50 cm).
2. Carrying out removal along the windowsill (usually up to 40-50 cm). In this case, the installed glazing frame is moved this distance outside the balcony.
3. Simultaneously increasing the floor area and carrying out the removal along the window sill.

Having certain knowledge and skills, it is quite possible to arrange a balcony with a take-out with your own hands.

Advantages of remote balconies

1. Significant expansion of the balcony space by increasing the area of ​​the existing floor.
2. Getting a wide window sill, without compromising the original area of ​​the balcony.
3. Giving an original and unique appearance.
4. Providing good illumination due to the large glass area.
5. Strengthening the power structures of the balcony.

Work order

Project preparation

At this stage they are produced necessary calculations, all space-planning solutions are determined and design features balcony with removal:

• dimensions;
• floor and roof structure;
• number and type of window blocks;
• insulation methods;
• lighting and heating solutions (if necessary);
• methods of interior decoration.

Welding work

The main purpose of this stage is to create and strengthen the frame. For the first floors, removing the balcony is much easier. At the same time, piles are installed to strengthen the reconstructed balcony. For the upper floors, with the help of welding work and special additional metal structures, it is necessary to transfer the weight balcony slab on the supporting (load-bearing) wall of the house. This will be done with the help of additional reinforcement fixed to the load-bearing wall of the house.

To obtain reliable and durable design welding work The frame of the reconstructed balcony should be entrusted to professional welders. You should also take care of the anti-corrosion protection of metal structures.

Next, you should install the roof in accordance with design solutions. It is preferable to use more “quiet roofing materials” - such as bitumen shingles. This will allow, taking into account the significant increase in roof area, to avoid excessive noise produced by raindrops. Otherwise, for example, when using metal tiles, in addition to insulating the roof, you will have to solve issues of its sound insulation.

Glazing

During glazing, custom-made windows are installed with installation additional elements: visor and low tide. Using a canopy installed at an angle from the outside helps protect the space above the window from moisture. The drip sill is mounted outside at the bottom of the window and performs a similar function.

The most popular solution is to use metal-plastic windows. If necessary, sliding windows can be installed.

The use of multi-chamber profiles (for example, 5-chamber) and double-glazed windows will reduce noise, reduce heat loss and obtain the so-called “warm glazing”.

Insulation and ventilation

After completing the installation of windows, you can begin sealing and insulating the balcony. It is important to provide for ventilation. Insulating the balcony allows you to improve the microclimate and turn it into extra room. Depending on preferences, polystyrene foam or mineral wool are usually used as insulation.

In order for the balcony to be used year-round, it is necessary to provide heating. Due to the ban on placing radiators on balconies in many countries central heating(By building regulations), you will have to install an electric radiator or heated floors.

Making the floor

Creating a warm and reliable floor is important element, creating a comfortable atmosphere on your balcony. If you decide to install a “warm floor” system, you will need to consult with a specialist to choose the right implementation option: cable heating, heating mats or infrared film floors.

Selected flooring should be easy to clean and harmoniously combined with all other design elements.

Interior decoration

At the stage of interior finishing, installation of electrical wiring and selected lamps is carried out, as well as installation electrical switches and sockets (if necessary). In addition, the walls are finished in accordance with color scheme which you preferred.

A well-implemented reconstruction of a balcony with an extension will allow you not only to significantly increase the area, but also to make it more functional, convenient and aesthetically pleasing. Selection quality materials and compliance with the technology of their use will help extend the useful life of your balcony until the next repair.

Video

Below you can see instructions for self-production balcony removal:

Photo

September 16, 2016
Specialization: facade finishing, interior decoration, construction of cottages, garages. Experience of an amateur gardener and gardener. We also have experience in repairing cars and motorcycles. Hobbies: playing the guitar and many other things that I don’t have time for :)

As a rule, owners of apartments on the ground floor do not have balconies, however, not everyone is ready to put up with this, because additional space is never superfluous, and besides, it can even be used as a living space. Building a balcony yourself is not difficult, however, before doing this, you need to familiarize yourself with the many nuances of such an undertaking. Therefore, in this article I decided to tell you how to legally build a balcony on the first floor.

General information

People who want to add a balcony are primarily interested in why there are no balconies on the first floors and are there any objective reasons for this? Many believe that the absence of balconies on the first floors is explained only by security purposes, since it is not difficult for intruders to enter the premises.

In reality, there are other reasons. The fact is that a balcony increases the load on the walls and also reduces their strength, since there is a doorway in the wall. Therefore, in some houses the construction of a balcony is strictly prohibited.

However, often a balcony can be added without damaging the house. It is up to the relevant authorities to decide whether it is possible to attach a balcony to your home. That's why, Before starting construction, you must obtain permission.

If you do work that is not authorized, then at best you will have to dismantle the building. Therefore, first of all, we will consider what documents will be needed to attach the structure.

How to get permission

So, you decided to build a balcony on the ground floor - what do you need for this? The first step is to contact your county's redevelopment authority. There they will advise you free of charge and tell you whether it is worth trying to obtain a building permit at all.

It must be said that in some cases you don’t even have to try to draw up documents, since it is known that extensions are out of the question. All such cases are listed below:

• the house is an architectural monument;
• the windows of your apartment face the main street;
• the extension requires the destruction of load-bearing walls;
• underground communications are located closer than two and a half meters to the extension (in this case, the communications can most likely be moved, however, you will have to pay all the costs for this work).

If it turns out that the extension is quite acceptable, then you need to perform the following steps:

1. Before completing the paperwork, it is advisable to obtain the consent of the neighbors so that problems do not arise in the future, especially if the construction somehow affects their apartments or a common basement. It is advisable to obtain permission from neighbors in writing;

1. Next, you need to order a detailed design of the balcony from an architectural bureau;
2. the finished project must be agreed upon with supervisory authorities, such as the water utility, gas service, etc. If necessary, you will have to pay for the transfer of communications, for example, if a gas pipe runs along the wall;
3. Next you need to contact the construction department and the district administration. You will need the following documents:
   • application for redevelopment;
   • project of the future balcony;
   • title deed;
   • certificate from the BTI;
   • documents confirming the approval of future construction with public utilities;
   • photos of the house;
   • written consent from neighbors.

There are no other options for legalizing construction. Moreover, your application can be considered for up to 45 days and there are no guarantees that the request will be granted.

Because it is quite difficult to make documents, the construction of balconies on the ground floor is not widespread.

During the construction process, it is necessary to strictly adhere to technical documentation. The fact is that trying to gain a few centimeters of space, you may lose the entire balcony, even after it is built. In addition, you may be subject to administrative liability.

If you managed to get permission, consider yourself lucky and feel free to start construction.

Construction of a balcony

First of all, it should be said that there are two types of balconies that can be attached to the wall:

Below I will tell you how to make both types of balconies yourself.

Hanging type design

Since the balcony project is created special services still at the approval stage, we will not further consider the process of its preparation, but will pay attention only to the construction of the balcony itself.

It is most often based on metal, which consists of several main elements:

• struts – serve as the basis of the structure, which determines the width of the balcony. Externally, the strut looks like a triangle. One of its edges, which is fixed to the wall, is located at an angle of strictly 90 degrees in relation to the second edge, which serves as the base of the floor.

Between these ribs there is a brace, which ensures the strength of this part;

• bottom dressing – connects the struts into a single structure;
• racks - serve as the basis for the fence and canopy of the balcony;
• upper dressing – connects top part racks into a single structure;
• fencing – is a security element that encloses the balcony space. There is a filling between the bottom trim and the fencing crossbar. IN glazed balconies the fence serves as a base (essentially a wall) on which they are installed window frames or double glazed windows.

Keep in mind that the height of the fence must be at least 100 cm from the floor of the balcony.

A metal frame can also be used to expand the loggia on the ground floor. However, do not forget that even this procedure requires approval from the relevant authorities. True, it is much easier to obtain permission for it than for construction from scratch.

The balcony frame is made of the following materials:

• corner section 50x50 mm;
• profile pipe with a cross-section of at least 40x40 mm and a thickness of 5 mm;
• profile pipe 20x20 mm.

Accordingly, to make the frame you will need welding machine and other metal tools.

In production metal carcass with your own hands as follows:

1. work should begin by cutting corners and pipes into parts of the required sizes, according to the project;
2. Next you need to make struts from 50x50 mm corners. The upper rib of the strut should correspond to the width of the balcony, as a rule, no more than 80 cm. The rib that is attached to the wall, as a rule, has the same dimensions.
   The number of struts depends on the length of the balcony, the main thing is that their step is no more than one meter;

1. After making the struts, you need to mark the location of all the structural elements of the frame on the wall. The marking is carried out strictly according to the building level;
2. Next, following the markings, you need to secure the struts to the wall. To do this, use anchors. The anchor pitch should be about 15-20 cm;

1. After installing the struts, the lower strapping is performed. In this case, the beam, which is located near the wall, is also attached to it with anchors. To increase the strength of the structure, additional stiffening ribs can be placed between the struts, on which the floor will be laid in the future;
2. then you need to weld the racks, positioning them strictly vertically. Supports adjacent to the wall should also be anchored to it. To ensure the slope of the visor, the rear pillars must be 20-25 centimeters longer than the front ones;
3. Now the racks should be connected to each other by the top trim and the crossbar.

At this point, the hanging frame for the balcony is ready, now you just need to sheathe it. Work should begin with arranging the floor.

From concrete screed it's better to refuse, as she has heavy weight . Therefore, you can make a balcony as follows:

1. on the floor frame should be laid any sheet material and cover the top with a vapor barrier film;
2. Next, the subfloor boards are laid. They can be attached to the base using bolts;
3. then another layer of waterproofing is laid, and the logs are laid;
4. if the floor is insulated, insulation should be placed in the space between the joists;
5. then the insulation with logs is covered waterproofing film and plank flooring is laid on top. Subsequently, you can lay it on top of the boards finishing coat, for example, linoleum.

All wooden elements Before use, they must be treated with a protective impregnation that will protect them from rotting and other negative biological factors.

1. on the frame of the visor should be fixed wooden slats or boards that will serve as sheathing;
2. then a waterproofing film is laid over the sheathing;
3. then attached to the sheathing roofing material– it can be corrugated board, slate or any other covering;
4. At the junction of the wall and the roofing material, the ebb should be fixed in the form of a corner, and it is advisable to treat the junction with construction sealant. The price of this product is only a few hundred rubles.

Now all that remains is to sheathe the outside of the fence with corrugated sheets or other material, as well as complete the glazing and interior. On our portal there are separate articles devoted to finishing the balcony.

Also, during the construction of the balcony, it is necessary to make an exit. To do this, you should dismantle the part of the wall adjacent to the window, according to project documentation.

The balcony door should be positioned so that it opens into the apartment.

Here, in fact, are all the nuances of building a suspended (cantilever) balcony.

Pole-supported structure

The process of installing a structure on support pillars is not much different from the construction of a cantilever analogue. The only difference is the need to carry out earthworks and production of foundations on piles. Therefore, below we will consider these stages of work.

The materials for building a balcony will be the same as for the cantilever structure. The only thing is to prepare the support pillars.

For this you can use:

• profile pipe with a cross section of 10x10 cm;
• round pipe with a diameter of 10-15 cm;
• concrete pillars or others.

So, a balcony on stilts is made by hand as follows:

1. work must begin with excavation work. First of all, the area under the future balcony is marked, and according to the project, the pillars are marked;
2. then you need to dig holes for the pillars to a depth of at least 60 cm;
3. the bottom of the pits should be covered with a layer of crushed stone to a depth of about 15-20 cm;
4. The pillars are now being installed. To do this, each post should be installed in a vertical position and level and secured with spacers. Keep in mind that the height of the posts should be such that they reach the balcony floor frame;

1. Then you need to pour concrete into the holes. Fill each hole with a small mound of concrete to prevent water from accumulating in them;
2. After the concrete has hardened, further construction can begin. The first thing you need to do is bottom trim. The part of the frame that is in contact with the wall should be fixed to it with self-tapping screws;
3. then stiffening ribs are attached between the long frame beams, which later serve as the basis for the floor. The step between these ribs should be about 40-50 cm;
4. further work is carried out according to the scheme described above.

An attached balcony can either be partially supported by a wall or be completely autonomous, i.e. with full support on poles. All these nuances must first be agreed upon with the relevant services.

This is, perhaps, all the basic information you need to know in order to add a balcony on the ground floor.

Conclusion

The construction of a balcony in itself is not difficult. However, before building a balcony on the ground floor, it is necessary to obtain permission and coordinate the design documentation with many authorities. However, if the troubles do not frighten you, the result of the work may be an increase in the usable area of ​​​​the apartment by several square meters.

See the video in this article for more information. Leave all questions regarding the construction of a balcony in the comments, and I will definitely answer you as soon as possible.

September 16, 2016

If you want to express gratitude, add a clarification or objection, or ask the author something - add a comment or say thank you!

In many high-rise buildings, owners of ground floor apartments are faced with the problem of lack of a balcony. The presence of a balcony provides a number of advantages, thanks to which the life of apartment owners becomes more convenient. Today, residents of the first floors can expand their living space by adding a balcony. Many owners may think that this will take a lot of time, money and effort. Today, many restrictions on the construction of additional buildings on the ground floor have been lifted, so every owner can build himself a balcony on separate foundation or make a hanging balcony.

Extension to a house with a balcony: options and advantages

In order to start building a balcony on the first floor, you should outline an action plan, draw up a drawing and a project for future work. For a successful outcome of the construction, it is necessary to draw up an official project, thanks to which the official authorities will give consent to the construction of the appropriate balcony or loggia.

There are the following options for buildings on the ground floor:

• Erection of a building on a foundation;
• Construction of a building on a metal frame;
• Constructing a building using concrete slabs on brackets.

The most convenient, but at the same time expensive, ways to build a balcony and loggia are a foundation and a metal frame. They provide the advantage of a separate additional space that can be used as a home cellar.

Advantages of building a balcony on a foundation:

1. Possibility of expanding the balcony by moving the structure to a greater distance from the walls;
2. The possibility of constructing a long balcony that will cover the entire apartment, but will not disturb the neighbors;
3. The ability to perform high-quality insulation and glazing of the balcony using convenient methods.

It is important to keep in mind that in order to construct a door leading to the balcony, it will be necessary to perform a number of operations to create an opening in the load-bearing wall. This will be considered a redevelopment of the apartment, therefore there will be a need to prepare documents and obtain the proper permission.

Installing a new balcony (video)

How to add a balcony on the ground floor: we do it legally

In order to start adding a loggia or balcony to the house, you need to prepare Required documents and approve them in the relevant authorities. The design of the future balcony must be agreed upon with the water utility, gas service and other supervisory authorities. After this, you need to contact the administrative organization and the department of construction and architecture.

Required documents for approval:

• Owner's application for redevelopment;
• Document on ownership of the apartment;
• Notification from the Technical Inventory Bureau;
• Photo of a residential building;
• Documents from public utilities;
• Written consent of neighbors for construction;
• Balcony planning project.

It is important to remember that there is always the option of refusing permission to build a balcony.

According to the law, owners can be refused for the following reasons:

1. The residential building is located on one of the central streets of the city;
2. The house is a historical monument;
3. A balcony can damage the building and worsen its aesthetic appearance;
4. The design will affect communications;
5. Used construction technologies will not comply with safety regulations.

It is very important to go through all official procedures before construction in order to be confident in the legality of your actions.

Installation of a balcony on the first floor: installation from “A” to “Z”

If permission to complete the balcony has been issued, all documents are in order, you can proceed construction work. The first step is to lay the foundation. If the owners decide to do everything themselves, they will need to check the correctness of the work and the manufacturing of the structures.

If it exceeds one and a half meters, then the foundation should be laid to a depth not exceeding half a meter. With bulk soil, the foundation level changes and must exceed the ground level.

Necessary tools for marking the foundation site:

• Leg-split;
• Large square;
• Wooden boards;
• Pegs;
• Nails;
• Dye.

In order for the balcony to be level and stable, it is necessary to make precise markings.

Marking should be done in the following sequence:

1. First you need to mark the location of the foundation using twine and a square.
2. Using a square, carefully compare the angles and lengths of the diagonals in the rectangle.
3. Correctly mark the axes of the walls with pegs and nail the boards slightly above the ground.
4. Drive nails into the joints between structures.
5. Remove the twine and start digging the pit.

Each stage of balcony construction is important and requires a special approach. If all the nuances are followed, the balcony will last for many years.

Features of foundation construction

It is important to carefully consider the issue of waterproofing. Level of protection against groundwater should be high, and the walls and the extension should not collapse, therefore a waterproofing layer should be laid 0.1 meter above the blind area.

If the plans include building a cellar under the balcony, you will have to do double waterproofing.

Subtleties in the construction of floors

In most cases, floors are a means of covering a balcony. When laying floors, it is important to ensure that the reinforcement matches the places where the slabs have maximum tension.

To construct such a device, reinforced concrete slabs 3-6 meters long and 110-180 cm wide are usually used. Such an overlap will also act as the floor of the balcony. The slabs must be installed along the walls of the building. The slabs are supported by the side walls, and the supporting part must exceed 14 cm.

If you follow all the rules, you can be confident in the stability of the structure.

Nuances in the construction of walls

The extension to the balcony must be strong and stable. It must be thick enough to withstand the load if you need a balcony on the second floor.

Important for exterior finishing use material that will not violate the general aesthetically pleasing Houses. Bricks should be laid using chain laying. It will increase the strength of the balcony extension and efficiently tie all the seams.

The most common and acceptable option is the construction of brickwork with a width of at least 15 cm.

Roof construction: technology

For a smooth roof construction you will need to make wooden frame. The frame should be built at an angle so that in case of rain, water flows down the inclined plane.

The roof itself can be made of slate or corrugated board. Roof joints should be treated with galvanized steel to prevent the possibility of leaks. A layer of insulation between the frame and the roof will help get rid of condensation.

After the work has been completed, all that remains is to install windows and doors, as well as complete finishing work.

How to install suspended balconies on the first floors

Today there is an opportunity to build suspended balcony on the first floor. It is made from hanging frames, which are attached to the wall of the house using metal corners and bolts. After this, the frame is sheathed with corrugated sheets.

For roofing, it is best to use ondulin, which is affordable and easy to use. It looks beautiful and does its job perfectly, making raindrops silent.

Suspended balconies require durable and high-quality installation, so it is best to turn to specialists for their construction.

Extension of a suspended balcony (video)

Before you begin adding a balcony or installing a suspended balcony, you must go through registration procedures with official authorities and obtain permission to carry out these actions. Once the project plan has been approved, construction of the balcony can begin. All stages of construction must be carried out carefully, because the strength of the entire structure depends on how we build. The price of constructing a balcony depends largely on the materials used in construction. New balcony will expand the space and functionality apartments.

Rating

Do you live on the 1st floor apartment building? Congratulations to you! After all, this floor has a number of advantages. You won’t drown the neighbors below with your own hands, they won’t complain about your noisy party. And for the future, to open a private business, you have ready-made office space. But there is another side to the coin.

Dale Carnegie said, “If you get a lemon, make lemonade.”

You can do the same. If the balconies of the upper floors are the same and of the same type, then residents of the first floor can create unique and unique loggias and balconies with their own hands. After all, this is not only an area fenced with railings where you can go out to get some air. This is perspective! Let's look at how to make a balcony with your own hands and use the extension as efficiently as possible.

A self-built balcony, the photo clearly demonstrates the good taste of the owner. The facing masonry of the building is a real decoration.

How can you use the attached balcony?

• combine the balcony and the room, thereby expanding the area of ​​the apartment;
• make an extension in the form of, although not large, but a room;
• construct a summer veranda;
• construction together with a cellar;
• place cabinets on a makeshift balcony and free up space in the apartment.

Where are balconies built?

1. On the first floor.
2. On the second floor.
3. On floors above the second.

Installing a balcony above the first floor is permissible only if there is a project for reconstruction or construction. The design of a balcony on the ground floor is also mandatory, for at least two reasons: this is the only way to legitimize square meters extensions, as well as guarantee the safety of the balcony or loggia.

DIY balcony design.

1. Construction on an independent foundation.
2. Slab on cantilever beams.
3. A slab cantilevered into a wall.
4. Plate on brackets.
5. Balcony supported by a wall and columns.
6. Extended balcony.

Let's take a closer look at how to make a balcony with your own hands on a foundation.

When the design work is completed and permission has been received, the construction of a balcony on the first floor must begin with some technological research. If we are building a balcony with our own hands from scratch on a strip foundation, then we should clarify two aspects:

1. Soil freezing depth.
2. Level groundwater.

The first aspect must be known to determine the depth of the foundation. Although the extension is a relatively light structure and is used for it strip foundations shallow, the base should be below the freezing level of the soil. Otherwise, when the soil freezes, it will move the foundation and the entire balcony, which will lead to cracks in the extension. Believe me, frost heaving of the soil has enormous power!

The second aspect comes from the first. Knowing the required depth for laying the foundation of the extension, we compare it with the groundwater level. If the foundation extends into a humid environment, it is necessary to make high-quality waterproofing.

The addition of a balcony on the first floor begins with the construction of the foundation. And the first thing we do is markup. For this we need:

• pegs;
• cord;
• square;
• nails;
• boards;
• dye.

Sequence of work on marking the foundation.

1. We mark the location of the foundation using a square and a cord.
2. We mark the axes of the extension foundations with pegs.
3. We fix the boards in the alignment of the walls and pull the cord of the foundation dimensions.
4. On the base of the house we mark with paint the axis and dimensions of the foundation of the extension.
5. We remove the cord and begin excavation work.

The foundation of the balcony can be made monolithic, but this requires the construction of formwork. Or you can use standard foundation blocks minimum section. Their dimensions are 2400×600×300 mm. The blocks do not contain reinforcement and are easy to cut right size grinder with a diamond wheel.

Advice: measure the diagonals of the building's foundation rectangle along the axes. If the diagonals are the same, right angles are constructed accurately.

Another option is a suspended balcony on the ground floor. The supporting structure is the brackets. Special attention attention should be paid to attaching the extension frame to the wall of the apartment building.

Important! hanging frame, hanging balconies Be sure to weld it into a solid structure and attach it to the house with metal anchors of at least 20 cm along the entire height. Secure the top of the frame with studs through the wall.

The advantage of this project is that it is cheaper than the option on a foundation and is suitable for construction on any floor. Disadvantage - there is no possibility to make a cellar under a balcony or loggia.

Canopy balcony on the first floor in the process of being manufactured. Further vertical racks They will connect it to the roof.

The addition of a balcony on the first floor is radically different from the one on the 2nd floor. In the previous version, the building stands on a foundation. It is now a cantilevered extension that hangs in the space. Therefore, the reliability of the design and adherence to the technology of making a balcony with your own hands is, without exaggeration, of vital importance.

Installation of a balcony above the first floor

Material for making the extension:

• channel No. 10 or No. 12;
• fittings Ø 12mm;
• knitting wire;
• concrete (cement, crushed stone, coarse sand);
• boards or plywood panels for formwork;
• pipes or logs for supports;
• brick for racks;
• spatulas, trowels;
• welding machine;
• vibrator for concrete.

Extension of a balcony on load-bearing channels. The entire frame is tied into a single structure.

1. Load-bearing elements buildings - we insert channels into the wall with a pitch of no more than 2 m. The channels, at least two, must be positioned so that the walls are the side edges of the balcony slab.

Note: channel - metallic profile, representing the letter “P” in cross-section. Consists of a wall and two shelves directed in one direction. It is necessary to install with a vertical wall position. In this position, the channel has the greatest rigidity and load-bearing capacity.

2. We make a reinforcing mesh from reinforcement bars Ø 12 mm and a pitch of 100 mm. We fix the mesh rods with knitting wire. We lay the finished mesh on top of the channels.

3. The same mesh must be attached below. You can fix it with the same knitting wire to the top mesh and channels.

Note: fastening mesh reinforcement with wire is the most quality option. The use of welding is allowed, but only on the condition that there is no reduction in the cross-section of the reinforcement during the welding process.

4. Install the formwork for the bottom of the building slab using boards or plywood panels.

Important! The formwork should not directly touch the reinforcing mesh. Between them there should be protective layer concrete minimum 20 mm. Otherwise, due to the influence of moisture and air, corrosion will actively destroy the reinforcement.

5. We strengthen the formwork with racks made of pipes or wooden logs.

6. Pour concrete into the formwork. We lay concrete using a vibrator. Otherwise, air cavities may remain in the concrete, which will significantly weaken the slab. Tapping the formwork and tamping concrete manually does not give such a high-quality result as vibrolaying.

7. When the concrete hardens, we make permanent supports for the balcony from the ground or diagonal supports on the wall.

You can also build a balcony in place of the old one. The photo shows how you can increase the area by making a balcony with an extension.

This is how to properly build an extension with a gas pipe with your own hands.

How to legalize a balcony?

Making balconies with your own hands, regardless of the floor, is allowed only on the basis of the project. Therefore, we will consider the necessary steps that must be taken before starting construction.

First, to clarify the situation, contact the city architectural department. Perhaps your house is an architectural monument and the issue of approving the construction of a balcony will no longer be necessary. There are also restrictions that are individual for each city and they should be clarified.

Next, you need to submit an application to an organization that has a license for the appropriate type. design work with an application for designing a balcony. As a result of visiting these two authorities, you will have a list of documents that should be prepared before construction begins.

We invite you to watch how to build a balcony with your own hands, the video shows many important points. You can start making an extension only by following the advice of the specialists shown in the video.

A beautiful balcony makes the architecture of a private house more interesting and attractive, setting its tone and special style. Often it becomes a real highlight, decorating strict rectangular shapes building. However, the purpose of the balcony is not only to enrich and enliven the facades. This structural element, of course, significantly increases the comfort of living of the inhabitants of the house and significantly improves the functionality of the premises.

A balcony increases the illumination of the room in which it is located, this is especially true in bedrooms on the attic floors. It represents an additional living space used for admiring the beautiful scenic view, organizing family tea, relaxing and working fresh air. In the southern regions, the balcony is used for sleeping in the warm season and organizing a dining room for the whole summer. Restless mothers can easily keep an eye on their children walking on the street from the balcony. And of course, smokers are the ones who can appreciate all the conveniences of having a balcony in their room, even if it’s a very small one.

The balcony will serve as a good natural canopy. Under it there may be a porch of the central entrance, a terrace and just a relaxation area. Often the base of the balcony is the covering of the veranda.

Where to place the balcony, and what it should be like

It's no secret that building a balcony is a troublesome and expensive task. Therefore, when starting work, you should determine exactly how it will be used. The dimensions and shape of the balcony can be almost any, the main thing is that these parameters are harmoniously combined with the architecture of the house.

Very often balconies are located between corner walls building, which significantly increases the reliability of its attachment to load-bearing structures. As a rule, they are well protected from the influence of the dominant wind and the gaze of curious neighbors. Sometimes the base of the balcony rests on the walls of the veranda and serves as its ceiling.

A balcony intended for decorative purposes may be limited to just a door and a balustrade, the so-called “ french balcony" If the balcony has only an applied function (drying clothes, smoking...), then a small extension of 700-1000 mm will be enough. But a balcony for relaxation will require several large sizes, because on it you will need to place a table, several chairs, a sun lounger and other large items. Such a balcony must be made at least 1500 mm wide using support posts.

The best material for constructing a balcony is wood. Wood has very good thermal insulation properties, therefore, the formation of cold bridges, which is so characteristic when using reinforced concrete slabs, especially pinched ones, is almost completely eliminated. Thanks to a small specific gravity It is easy to make a wooden balcony even after building a house, using an independent structure. Needless to say about the decorative appeal and functionality of wooden balconies; an example is the unsurpassed beauty of the designs characteristic of Scandinavian and Alpine houses.

You should be very careful when choosing the location where the balcony will be located. Often it is completely impractical on the front facade of a house, due to the fact that views from it only open to the road or the houses of neighbors opposite. It’s good if access to the balcony is from a wide room, hall, then balcony door will not take up precious wall space attic floor. Balconies with access from dimly lit rooms located under the roof (bedroom, office) have become widespread. A door with a large glass area will significantly increase their illumination.

Frame structure

If the structure wooden balcony is carried out during the construction of a house, it is advisable to use interfloor beams as the basis of its frame, the special length and support system for which are calculated and provided in advance.

You should simply release them beyond the plane of the wall to the distance of the intended extension of the balcony. The cross-section is approximately 150x50-150x80 mm, quite enough to avoid collapse and deformation of the frame even without support pillars. The width of the balcony in such cases is made up to two meters.

Sometimes external load-bearing floor beams cannot be used to assemble the base. For example, if the installation of a balcony occurs after the completion of the building, or if the floors are made of reinforced concrete. Then the design of an independently standing balcony with several support posts is used.

Initially, a powerful beam with a cross-section of at least 150x50 mm should be secured to the wall using anchors or galvanized metal consoles. The method of its installation should be chosen depending on the characteristics of the main wall of the house. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the requirements for the reliability of fastening of this element.

Next, a transverse beam is mounted strictly horizontally to the wooden columns of the balcony, which will serve as a support for the load-bearing beams of the balcony floor. It will be much more reliable if the cross beam rests on top of the columns, rather than being screwed to them with an overlay. It should be installed slightly lower than the wall support beam, so that when the finished floor is laid, an “invisible” slope of 1-2 degrees is formed. In general, it is recommended to make the entire area below the floor level of the room, somewhere within 50-100 mm, so that when the snow melts, water does not penetrate into the house.

Balcony beams with a section of 150x50 mm and a pitch of 500x700 mm are installed on support beams with a pitch of about 500 mm and secured with corner roof consoles made of galvanized metal.

The assembly of the frame should be done very carefully, since the platform below is very clearly visible. All beams must be planed and sanded before being installed in place.

Arrangement of struts and columns

When using a beam-cantilever structure with a sufficiently large extension of the balcony, struts are used to strengthen the base. Sometimes they are made from wooden beam, embedded in the outer beams of the balcony platform and resting against the embedded elements of the main wall. Often a wooden strut is a right-angled triangle, one of the legs of which is attached to the facade with anchors, and the other is screwed to the beams of the balcony platform.

Struts made of twisted and forged metal look very beautiful in combination with the wooden structure of the balcony. They are durable and practical; they are much easier to securely anchor to a load-bearing wall due to the relatively small thickness of the metal relative to the beam.

If the construction of a balcony is based on a structure with an independent wide balcony (beam-post system), then its outer part must necessarily rest on pillars, of which, like struts, there can be more than two, depending on the dimensions of the product.

Columns are installed on columnar foundation, the strength of which is subject to serious requirements. It is better if the base for the racks is poured simultaneously with the foundation of the building and is one with it, an example would be a reinforced concrete porch. This eliminates the risk of distortions and deformations due to the planting of the soil or walls of a wooden house.

For the construction of wooden columns, dry timber with a cross-section of at least 100x100 mm is used. It is mounted strictly vertically, pre-fixed with auxiliary struts made of slow-moving lumber, which can be removed after assembling the frame. Columns are attached to the foundation using corners or special box-shaped consoles for mounting racks embedded in concrete. Such fasteners are produced various sizes so that a beam of a certain cross-section fits inside the galvanized console and is securely fixed.

Sometimes to ensure durability rack design embedded inclined braces are used, which eliminate lateral vibrations of the columns.

Making the floor

The balcony floor is made of dry planed boards with a thickness of 40 mm. It is attached perpendicular to the load-bearing beams through the body, having previously made hidden holes to hide the heads of the screws. Gaps of about 1-2 mm are left between the floor boards, through which atmospheric moisture can be freely drained from the balcony area. For the same purposes, the edges of the upper layers of the boards are planed to form chamfers at the joints.

Very good performance characteristics will have a balcony floor covered with a so-called “terrace board”. This one is relatively new material is a composite mixture of plastic and wood fiber. Just like wood, it is easy to drill, cut and process, being stronger and denser. Terrace board has a non-slip corrugated surface, tinted to resemble precious wood, often with a beautiful texture. Many manufacturers complete their composite boards with a system of hidden fasteners, which, of course, has a positive effect on the appearance of the finished product.

Balcony fencing

Railings are a very important element of the balcony design. In addition to performing a purely practical function, a beautifully made balustrade greatly decorates the appearance of the entire house. For the manufacture of railings, turned or carved wood is most often used, however forged metal also looks great, organically combining with both the wooden structure of the balcony and the general architecture of almost any building.

Fence posts must be securely attached to load-bearing beams using tenon joints or double-sided self-tapping studs. Often, various brackets, corners, and metal struts are used for mounting balustrade posts, including for fastening to walls.

If the balcony is long, in addition to the corner and wall posts, several intermediate ones are installed, because according to safety standards, the fence must withstand a horizontal load of 100 kg/m or more. Between them, vertical or horizontal filling is performed. If there are children among the inhabitants of the house, then the distance between the elements of the railing should be no more than 100-120 mm, and horizontal fencing should be abandoned altogether so that children do not climb on them. Another requirement is the height of the balustrade - this is about 900-1200 mm from the finished floor.

Canopy

They don’t always make a canopy for a balcony, but to make outdoor recreation truly comfortable, it’s still worth covering the area. The most logical option is to create a balcony under a common roof with the house. If the site is located on a gable wall, then the ridge line is lengthened and additional rafters and sheathing boards are installed. If there is a roof overhang above the balcony, then the rafter legs are lengthened.

The option with an independent canopy attached to the wall also deserves attention. In this case, on load-bearing wall secure support board, on which the rafters are laid. The front part of the canopy should rest either on struts coming from the wall or on pillars, which can be used as balcony support columns protruding beyond the level of the platform. It is preferable if the roofing material for the canopy is the same as for the roof of the house.

Sometimes PVC or lightweight fabric awnings are used for protection from bad weather. frame structure. These awnings, professionally manufactured and installed, have an attractive appearance and a reasonable price.

Protective covering

All wooden elements of the balcony require protection from atmospheric exposure. Only high-quality processing by specialized paint and varnish materials ensures proper durability wooden structure. When choosing compositions, one should take into account their resistance to sunlight, temperature fluctuations, humidity, and mechanical stress. Alkyd-urethane varnishes, which are very hard with significant elasticity and have high weather resistance, are considered the best for exterior work. The entire coating complex (primer, impregnation, varnish) must be from the same manufacturer, which guarantees their mutual compatibility.

First of all, unevenness, cracks and scratches on the surface of the wood are sealed with wood putty. Next, after completely dry putty composition, it is thoroughly sanded and dust is removed.

To equalize the absorbency of wood, it is coated with a special primer, which helps reduce the consumption of compounds for subsequent stages of painting and uniform application of finishing layers.

Using tinting impregnations, you can imitate valuable types of wood, highlight the texture, and effectively hide stains and other surface defects.

The finishing is done by spraying several layers of glossy, matte or semi-matte coating. Sometimes it is recommended to sand each new layer of varnish, except the last one, with a very fine abrasive - from No. 220, then the surface will be perfectly flat and smooth.

Results

Of course, the construction of a balcony will require certain financial and labor costs, the size of which depends on its design, dimensions, and the specifics of the materials used. Don't discount the cost of annual maintenance street design and the purchase of additional necessary accessories, such as: furniture, a glazed balcony door, flower pots, protective wind screens, awnings, parasols, a wooden perlog with climbing plants. There is some heat loss through the doors.

However, how nice it is to be able to admire nature while sitting in comfortable chair on the balcony, have breakfast in the fresh air with your family, sunbathe, work or relax in the shade - and all this without leaving home.

Of course, everyone chooses for themselves, weighing all the pros and cons, but, you see, beauty and comfort are truly priceless.

Anton Turishchev, rmnt.ru