It is a mistaken opinion that the strip foundation does not change in any way during operation. It decomposes, corrodes, and sometimes rots, which means it is important to create protective layer, protecting it from external influences.

It must be done with your own hands or with the help of craftsmen, otherwise there is a risk of deterioration of its condition, liquid leakage through microcracks that appear over time.

Is it necessary to do waterproofing if the building is many years old, but moisture does not accumulate in the basement and there are no signs of damage to the foundation? Yes, the procedure must be carried out, otherwise, in a few years, when the material develops microcracks under the influence of incoming liquid, the process will become significantly more complicated.

Moisture inside the walls can also freeze, causing them to deteriorate. This process occurs in all areas of the building, so that a building that has not been insulated is not as durable.

Strip foundation must be isolated from liquid. The procedure can be performed independently or by contacting professionals. If you plan to do the work yourself, the first thing you need to do is decide on the type of waterproofing, understand the application methods, and then find out the specifics of the process.

The waterproofing of the pile foundation must be continuous and proceed without interruption. In places where the procedure was performed poorly, moisture will seep in.

General groups of materials with which work can be performed:

• Coatings.
• Sprayable.
• Rolled.
• Pasting.
• Penetrating.

Each group differs in the way they perform work and has its own characteristics.

Coating

The work of waterproofing a foundation without a basement is carried out using bituminous materials, mastics and substances made on the basis of bitumen, which have a number of advantages.

pros:

• Low cost.
• High degree of elasticity.
• The hydrophobicity of the coating is optimal for such work.
• High degree of adhesion.

The material is easy to work with; no special skills or special tools are required. The disadvantage is the short period of use compared to others. Approximately 5-7 years after applying the bitumen coating, the substance loses its fragility and elasticity. The layer begins to become covered with cracks, which increase every year, due to which protective properties are getting worse.

Coating waterproofing

Due to the relatively low service life of the material, it is used less and less. The use of bitumen with additives – polymers – is widespread. As an additional substance in the composition waterproofing material Rubber and latex are used. Components can increase service life. Adhesion and elasticity improve, and the difference in temperatures at which the material can be stored without loss of properties increases.

The technological process when performing work using a coating material is simple. First, preparation is required, which consists of cleaning the surface from construction waste, dirt, dust, parts that may peel off or break off during work. Waterproofing a monolithic foundation slab eliminates the possibility of moisture getting inside the building

A primer is purchased, with which the strip foundation is processed. Be sure to let the walls dry, then the material itself is applied to the surface. The coating must be intact, without severe cracks or breakages.

Roll

To use roll waterproofing, it is optimal to first coat your foundation with bitumen, and then stick on roofing felt or its substitute. The application technology for the composition varies. In some cases it can be glued, sometimes only fusing roofing felt is suitable. To do this, you need to use a gas burner.

Roll waterproofing

The rolled tape is heated and then pasted onto the surface. If you plan to pre-apply bitumen, you should wait until it dries, after which you can add roofing felt. The joints in the strips overlap by at least 15 cm.

When using a burner, the material should not be overheated, otherwise it may melt and become unusable in some places.

The material is popular due to its low cost and high protective properties. Can be used for foundations buried no lower than 3 m. Ruberoid will protect from rain. One layer of such waterproofing together with bitumen will be enough for reliable waterproofing. Durability exceeds 45 years.

Sprayable

Sprayed waterproofing can be used without the involvement of specialists. The method is innovative these days and the material used does the job well. P Can be used for any type of foundation. Sprayed insulation can be applied as a means of restoring an old layer that has lost its properties during operation, for example, to remove cracks in coating materials. Used as independent species.

Sprayed waterproofing

The material is expensive, but has a number of advantages over other types of strip foundation waterproofing:

• Durability.
• Easy to apply.
• No seam connections.
• Fast hardening.
• Lack of toxicity and environmental friendliness.
• Ability not to deteriorate under the influence of ultraviolet radiation.

You need to work with the material as follows: the surface is cleaned of debris and dust, treated with an antiseptic solution, after which the spraying process goes through. For the best effect, it is important to reinforce the surface being treated. To do this, you should use geotextiles.

Penetrating

Penetrating waterproofing is effective, but expensive. The material used for application is most often made from cement mortar with the addition of quartz sand. Apply the same as plaster. You can also purchase a composition applied to the surface similar to sprayed waterproofing. The voids in the concrete are filled with crystalline elements that prevent any moisture from entering.

Penetrating waterproofing

The material is widely used; it can be used to protect any type of foundation from moisture. The composition is used to treat basements and any types of underground structures made of concrete.

Advantages:

• the actions are carried out indoors, there is no need to dig up the foundation;
• concrete does not require drying. The more it is moistened, the faster and better the composition will be fixed;
• the thickness of concrete through which the material can penetrate is 60-90 cm;
• the material protects not only the outer walls, but also the inner ones. Liquid does not penetrate into concrete;
• when a crack appears, it will be filled with nearby crystals on its own;
• concrete does not lose vapor permeability;
• the strength and resistance to frost of concrete increases due to the properties of the material;
• no application equipment required;
• concrete stops responding to mechanical stress. If it is necessary to clean it with metal objects, the waterproofing is not compromised. The foundation can be drilled, dowels screwed to it and any required operations can be performed - the waterproofing properties will not change;
• the material is environmentally friendly. Suitable for use on containers in contact with drinking water;
• at correct selection Even severe leaks are sealed with the composition.

Flaws:

• Only the concrete surface and substances similar in composition are treated with the solution;
• Before starting work, it is necessary to clean the surface completely, down to the concrete. The cracks are opened and degreased;
• the concrete is pre-moistened.

This type of waterproofing would be better suited for fresh material. Old structures need to be cleaned and degreased to free all clogged pores. To do everything properly, sandblasting tools are used.

Other types

There are other types of waterproofing, the use of which will protect the foundation from moisture. consists of blowing a special composition into cracks and seams. Work is performed on any hard surface.

Injection waterproofing

Benefits of use:

• there is no need to dig up the foundation;
• work can be performed on any materials: stone, brick, concrete;
• eliminates possible leaks better than other materials;
• removes capillary suction in brickwork.

The disadvantages of the material are the following: the cost is high, the implementation requires the involvement of specialists, the finishing must be completely dismantled.

For quality performance, it is important to know where the liquid is leaking, otherwise it is impossible to use the material.

Concrete mats One type of installed waterproofing is concrete mats. The basis of the mats is clay mixed with concrete, enclosed in granules.

The composition is laid between cardboard layers or geotextiles. The material is placed on the surface that needs to be insulated from moisture, after which the cardboard will decompose over time, and the mixture will act as an insulator between the water and the surface. When the composition comes into contact with liquid, it swells and takes on a gel-like form.

Concrete mats The mats should be laid overlapping, and the joints should be filled with concrete granules. There is only one drawback of the method: it is expensive. It can be used on any surface; it can be placed with a foundation in the ground to rainwater

did not seep close to the house. Waterproofing work in a similar way is carried out during the construction stage.

Features when performing work

• When performing work, the following features should be taken into account:
• Waterproofing must be carried out during the construction of the facility, but if the work has not been done, it will be more difficult to do this later. The entire foundation will need to be excavated, but to maintain the strength of the building, everything will have to be done in stages.
• The first layer of insulation is located horizontally, the second vertically.
• Once the foundation has been dug out, it should be cleaned, preferably without water.
• The soil is removed from all holes, which must then be filled with cement mortar or glue. Then the surface is treated with bitumen.
• The roofing material is fused using a torch.
• The first layer is always laid horizontally, and then they overlap.

Waterproofing a strip foundation is a simple task that anyone can handle. In this case, it is important to follow the recommendations given, take into account the sequence of actions and the specifics of performing the work for each type of insulating material.

Waterproofing a strip foundation helps prevent Negative influence moisture on the load-bearing parts of the house. Since the cement base has high capillarity, moisture penetration will lead to oxidation of the reinforcement, which can lead to distortions and shrinkage of the entire structure. In the article we will look at the structure of a strip foundation, as well as methods for waterproofing its main parts.

What is a strip foundation?

The structure of the strip base is quite complex, since the structure is a closed concrete contour located on sand and gravel bed. To strengthen the base, a reinforcing mesh is used, which consists of metal rods. The structure can be located directly on the ground or on piles, which take on the static load created by the building.

For what purpose is waterproofing a strip foundation done with your own hands? It should be taken into account that the strength concrete base During operation, sedimentary, groundwater and capillary water will have a destructive effect. To prevent damage to building materials, it is necessary to implement whole line measures to drain water from the building. These include:

• installation of a drainage system;
• laying a waterproofing cushion;
• hydroprotection of load-bearing parts of the structure (support piles, plinth, formwork).

Main types of waterproofing

After installing the strip base, it is important to ensure that moisture is “cut off” from the structure. To do this, use various waterproofing materials, namely:

• Coating - insulation occurs using polymer or bitumen compounds that prevent moisture from penetrating into the foundation;
• Rolled - materials with good water-repellent properties are suitable for finishing the base, pile-strip base (load-bearing supports), as well as waterproofing the foundation under monolithic slab. The most popular among roll moisture insulators are roofing felt, polyethylene film, geotextiles;
• Sprayed - waterproofing agents are applied to concrete structures using spray bottles. Liquid solutions based on bitumen and polymer additives are used as a spray mixture;
• Impregnating – mixtures of liquid consistency that easily penetrate into the structure concrete covering, filling all the pores. Thus, it is possible to prevent moisture from entering the foundation and destruction of the reinforcing mesh.

Horizontal waterproofing

Horizontal moisture insulation – complex construction work, which prevents moisture from penetrating into concrete structures from underground. This type of water protection is needed when constructing any type of foundation:

• tape;
• monolithic;
• pile;
• pile-tape.

How is horizontal insulation done? To provide reliable protection structures from negative impact groundwater, a specific horizontal water protection is used. It literally “cuts off” moisture, which rises to concrete structures due to soil capillarity. To ensure quality work, you must do the following:

1. Take care to lay a waterproofing cushion of sand and gravel. The layer thickness must be at least 25 cm;
2. Do concrete screed with a thickness of about 10 cm, then postpone work until the cement has completely hardened (at least 12 days);
3. Then they make calculations for breeding required quantity bitumen mastic, with which you need to treat the concrete strip;
4. After this, the base is covered with roofing felt in several layers;
5. Next, the formwork is installed to fill the second layer of screed;
6. The final stage involves insulating the floor and laying the finishing coating.

To understand how horizontal waterproofing of concrete structures is done, you can watch a video that describes the sequence of performing all the necessary work.

Vertical water protection

Vertical insulation of a structure from moisture involves treating exclusively the vertical parts of the structure, in particular the base, piles, etc. This procedure is recommended for use if there is a basement in the house. In this way, it is possible to prevent excess moisture from entering the underground space, from where it can penetrate into floor base first floor of the building.

How is vertical waterproofing of concrete structures done? In this case, to ensure water-repellent properties foundation, can be used various methods processing:

• plastering;
• pasting with roll insulators;
• spraying with bitumen compounds.

But before you make a calculation of the materials required for insulation, it is worth choosing best option for waterproofing. Experts recommend using two methods of waterproofing at once: coating and gluing. How to do it? If there is a feeder in the building, the work progress will be as follows:

1. First thing work surface must be coated with bitumen mastic;
2. After this, cover the ground floor for the basement with technoelast (a type of roofing felt);
3. When calculating rolled materials, keep in mind that they must be overlapped with a margin of at least 15 cm;
4. To ensure the seams are sealed, melt them with a gas torch, causing adjacent sheets to stick together.

The structure and nuances of treating a strip foundation with vertical waterproofing are shown in the video material.

Features of foundation and basement insulation with roofing felt

Waterproofing monolithic foundation most often done using roofing felt. It can be used either independently or in combination with bitumen solutions. When covering a concrete structure with roofing felt, several important rules must be followed:

1. Moisture insulation under the slab begins with the application of a bitumen solution;
2. The required amount of roofing material is calculated taking into account an overlap of 15 cm;
3. After this, using gas burner the insulator is softened and placed on the working elements of the structure;
4. When carrying out waterproofing work to finish the foundation under a monolithic slab, you can use special mastics to seal the seams.

Moisture insulation of the structure with roofing felt should be carried out using only quality materials. Ezoelast and tehnoelast insulators are considered optimal for protecting concrete bases. The process of laying materials is clearly demonstrated in the video clip.

Moisture insulation of pile-tape foundation

How to properly insulate in case of arrangement pile-strip foundation? The absence of a filer implies additional processing Not ground floor structures, and the load-bearing concrete parts themselves - piles. They take the maximum static load created by the weight of the structure itself.

Why is protection needed? support pillars? Under the influence of moisture, the supports begin to collapse over time due to corrosion processes occurring in the reinforcement of the pillars. To prevent distortion and subsidence of the base, additional water protection of the load-bearing parts is required. How to protect a pile-strip foundation without a basement?

• Bored piles. Bored supports are concrete pillars, reinforced metal fittings. As a rule, they are installed in casing pipes, which do not provide the proper level of protection from moisture. During the construction of the structure, it is advisable to insert roofing material into the wells for the racks, which will play the role of formwork and waterproofing;
• Screw piles. The elements of the concrete structure are represented by steel screws that are screwed into the ground. To protect them from corrosion, the spiral legs of the piles are treated with hydrophobic anti-corrosion solutions;
• Driven piles.

The supports in this case are represented by reinforced concrete or wooden pillars. To protect them, antiseptic and anti-corrosion treatment is required. Special impregnation and coating with bitumen will not be superfluous.

Do you need moisture protection for a sand cushion?

• What are the functions of a sand-foundation cushion? An embankment of sand and gravel, which is often made during the process of laying strip foundations, performs two tasks at once:
• Cuts off water from the structure;

Helps to distribute the load evenly. Laying the pillow is prerequisite

when constructing a basement in a house. As a rule, it is in this room that it is quite damp, which creates all the conditions for the accumulation of condensation under the floor and the proliferation of fungus. Is waterproofing of the pillow necessary in this case? If the building itself is installed on soil with strong heaving, during the laying process sand cushion

it is necessary to calculate the required amount of waterproofing material. It is laid on a layer of sand and gravel, which disrupts capillarity and the flow of moisture from underground into the concrete structure.

Moisture insulation of formwork

To answer the question whether waterproofing is needed for formwork or not, let’s consider its main functions. The design is designed to limit the space into which the concrete solution will be poured to form the foundation. In other words, the main function of formwork is the design of a liquid solution, which, when hardened, forms the necessary geometric shape. To assemble formwork, as a rule, use, which are hygroscopic. Because of this, structural elements may become deformed, leading to distortion geometric shapes poured concrete base. In this case, the answer to the above question becomes obvious: waterproofing for formwork is really necessary.

What types of insulators are used for finishing formwork? For guard wooden elements formworks can be used:

• bitumen solutions;
• hydrophobic impregnations;
• water-repellent varnishes;
• roll insulators.

When calculating the required amount of waterproofing agents, it is worth noting that for formwork processing the most budget option will be painted with bitumen.

Is insulation necessary for a strip foundation?

Why do they insulate concrete structures? There are three main reasons why it is necessary to insulate strip bases.

Waterproofing the strip foundation of a residential building is necessary to prevent moisture from sediment and groundwater in the concrete and reinforcing elements included in the foundation structure. Wetting of concrete provokes destruction of the foundation due to the expansion of frozen water in the capillaries of the concrete strip and leads to corrosion steel reinforcement, reducing the strength properties of the foundation of the house. Owners of individual buildings are able to independently correctly carry out work on waterproofing the foundation of their home, possessing certain knowledge in this area.

The destructive effect of moisture on the foundation of a building occurs when water interacts with the materials of the foundation structure. The porous structure of concrete, saturated with capillaries, contributes to the constant absorption of moisture from concrete environment and groundwater. In order to make the strip foundation of a residential building as protected as possible from a damp environment, it is necessary, in accordance with (previously SNiP 2.03.11-85), to ensure its waterproofing using methods of primary and secondary corrosion protection (clauses 4.5, 4.6 and 4.7). Foundation waterproofing falls into the category of secondary protection, based on the use of protective coatings or treatment with special compounds.

Scheme of waterproofing strip foundation.

Builders with their own hands or with the involvement of specialized organizations carry out measures to apply waterproofing materials to the foundation, taking into account external factors, affecting the foundation of the house:

• Atmospheric precipitation and melt water;
• Groundwater.

To guarantee the protection of the foundation from the penetration of sedimentary and melt water, it is enough to make a high-quality blind area around the perimeter of the entire building. To implement hydraulic protection from ground moisture, it is necessary to take into account a set of initial data, among which the main ones are:

1. Type groundwater near a building;
2. Depth of groundwater passing near the building;
3. Heterogeneity of soils in the construction area;
4. Purpose and planned operation of the house.

Let's consider how these factors influence the choice of foundation waterproofing method.

Type of groundwater

Groundwater has a direct impact on the formation of groundwater level (GWL) in the area construction site and on the degree of soil moisture near the foundation. The diagram below shows the distribution patterns of the two main types of groundwater in soil:

• Verkhovodkas are local centers of water formation that have a seasonal nature of existence. Verkhovodka lies near the earth's surface, forms and exists only during times of high environmental humidity, disappearing during dry periods;
• Groundwater that occurs near the surface of the earth and has a territorial regional distribution. Groundwater levels are subject to seasonal fluctuations.

As mentioned above, to protect against perched water it is enough to do good blind area and rain shower. Protection from groundwater will depend on its depth. This dependence is discussed below.

Depth of groundwater

“Recommendations for the design of waterproofing of underground parts of buildings and structures” Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings, M., 1996 (amended in 2009), determined that waterproofing of structures must be carried out above the maximum ground level by no less than 0.5 m (p. clauses 1.8 and 1.9). Since the average value of fluctuations in the level of hot water in many regions of the Russian Federation, according to the results of geological surveys, is accepted within 1.0 m, then in order to guarantee protection of the foundation from ground moisture, it is recommended to adhere to this indicator as a basic reference point when choosing waterproofing for the base of a building, depending on the depth of the hot water. . In particular:

• When the water level is less than 1 m below the base of the foundation, it is necessary to waterproof the foundation;
• If the groundwater level is located more than 1 m deeper than the foundation, hydraulic protection may not be installed.

It is necessary to take into account the possibility of increasing the water level as a consequence of infrastructure development in the region. As well as the maximum groundwater level for past seasons.

At high level GW exceeding the lower level of the foundation base, in addition to waterproofing, it is necessary to additionally make local drainage to remove moisture from the foundation, as prescribed in “Design and construction of foundations and foundations of buildings and structures” (Chapter 11).

Soil heterogeneity

Heterogeneity of soils with different chemical composition leads to chemical aggression of groundwater in relation to concrete in the foundation until its destruction (concrete corrosion). The use of special corrosion-resistant concrete grade W4 is required when pouring the foundation and highly reliable hydraulic protection made from materials resistant to aggressive environments.

Purpose and planned operation of the house

If you have self-equipped basements functional purpose such as a gym, workshop, etc. increased demands are placed on the reliability of waterproofing in order to prevent deterioration of the microclimate in these rooms.

Properly arranged waterproofing of the strip foundation of a residential building requires compliance with three basic principles of construction waterproofing system for the foundations of buildings of any purpose:

1. Continuity of each layer of waterproofing along the entire perimeter of the waterproofing;
2. Installation of a waterproofing layer only on the side exposed to moisture, i.e. waterproofing the foundation should be carried out outside, but in no case inside the basement;
3. Preliminary special training outer surface foundation for subsequent application of waterproofing material.

Types of waterproofing of strip foundations

According to clause 5.1.2 of the set of rules (formerly SNiP 2.03.11-85), waterproofing of a concrete structure is ensured:

• Paint and varnish and mastic coatings;
• Coating and plaster coatings;
• Pasted insulation;
• Impregnation of the surface layer of the structure or other surface treatment methods.

In relation to strip foundations, taking into account modern technologies applying waterproofing vertical waterproofing They are divided according to the method of construction into the following types:

• Coating (painting);
• Welded;
• Plastering;
• Stick-on;
• Injection;
• Impregnating;
• Sprayable.

Coating (painting) waterproofing

Water protection according to coating technology is based on the use of bitumen and bitumen-polymer emulsions and mastics with the formation of waterproof films on the surface of the foundation.

Coating waterproofing protects the foundation from the penetration of capillary ground moisture in low-moisture soils when groundwater is removed 1.5-2 meters below the basement floor level. In the presence of hydrostatic pressure, it is permissible to use coating technology in the following options:

• Bitumen mastic is used for pressure no higher than 2 m;
• Bitumen-polymer mastic - for a pressure of no more than 5 m.

Mastics are applied in 2-4 layers. The thickness of the coating waterproofing depends on the depth of the strip base and is:

• 2 mm – for a foundation with a laying depth of up to 3 meters;
• 2-4 mm – for a foundation with a laying depth of 3 to 5 meters.

The advantages of coating bitumen protection are as follows:

• Relatively low cost;
• No special requirements for the qualifications of performers;
• High elasticity;
• Excellent adhesion.

Among the disadvantages, it should be noted the short service life - after 6 years the insulation loses its elasticity. Waterproofing layer becomes covered with cracks, which reduces the overall level of water protection. To increase the shelf life of the insulation, add polymer additives, providing increased performance characteristics waterproofing coating.

The technology for applying mastic is simple. A special primer is applied to the pre-prepared surface with a roller or brush, providing deep penetration into the foundation material. After the primer has dried, bitumen mastic is applied in layers.

Welded and glued waterproofing

These technologies relate to methods of waterproofing with roll materials. They are used both as independent waterproofing measures and as an addition to the do-it-yourself coating method. When using adhesive waterproofing, traditional roofing felt is used, which is fixed to the foundation surface treated with a bitumen primer.

With glued waterproofing, the thickness of the waterproofing layer reaches 5 mm. The use of 2-3 layers is allowed.

Roofing felt can be fixed with special adhesive mastics in several layers with an overlap of 15-20 cm. If the fixing of roofing felt is carried out by heating with a gas burner, we will obtain fusing technology. From modern materials instead of roofing felt, roll waterproofing materials are used - TechnoNIKOL, Technoelast and other materials for fusing onto polymer based polyester, which increases the wear resistance of the coating. The service life of such waterproofing is 50 years.

Plaster waterproofing

Laying waterproofing using the plaster method is identical to plastering walls using beacons with your own hands. For insulation, mixtures of moisture-resistant components such as polymer concrete and hydroconcrete are used. Minimum thickness the applied layer should be 20 mm.

The advantages of the plastering method include the low cost of materials and ease of implementation.

Among the disadvantages it is necessary to note:

• Average level of moisture resistance;
• Short service life, after 5 years cracks appear through which water can leak.

Injection waterproofing

The injection method of waterproofing is based on pumping special polymer injector mixtures under pressure into the pores of the foundation. For injection technology materials are produced on a mineral or polyurethane basis, with a density close to ordinary water. If you use polyurethane-based compounds, then waterproofing each square meter you will need at least 1.5 liters, while acrylic-based mixtures will require much less. Perforation for injection is performed using conventional hammer drills or drills; the dimensions of the holes (from 25 to 32 mm) are determined by the diameters of the injection packers and capsules. Upon completion of the injection process, the perforation is sealed with a cement-sand mixture of normal composition.

Impregnation waterproofing

This technique is based on the impregnation of concrete with special organic binders, filling the capillaries of concrete and forming an anti-hygroscopic layer in concrete up to 30-40 mm deep.

The technology of spraying waterproofing material requires the use of a special sprayer. While the cost of materials is high, their use is economically justified for waterproofing foundations complex configuration, which are difficult to process in other ways.

Drainage as an auxiliary measure

Arrangement drainage systems designed to remove excess moisture from the foundation system of a building at a high level of groundwater. According to clause 11.1.15 of the set of rules, drainages are divided into general and local. Their use in combination with waterproofing helps protect the foundation from the penetrating effects of ground moisture.

Do-it-yourself waterproofing of a strip foundation is difficult. technological process, requiring a clear understanding of each stage of the entire event. Only in this case will a long period of trouble-free operation of the house be ensured.

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Very often, inexperienced builders, after constructing a foundation, neglect its waterproofing, considering this operation minor.

As a result of further exploitation load-bearing walls, built on such a basis, begin to come to disrepair due to constant exposure to moisture in the form of precipitation and groundwater.

What is waterproofing and is it necessary?

Waterproofing means protection various materials and designs from harmful effects liquids on them. Main The material for construction and foundation is concrete.

This material, despite its apparent solidity, has porous structure, therefore it is easily saturated with water (you can find out what kind of concrete should be used for a strip foundation).

Without waterproofing such a foundation, load-bearing walls begin to dampen and gradually collapse. Application of a protective layer increases service life of buildings and structures and significantly reduces the cost of their current and major repairs.

Types of foundation waterproofing

By purpose foundation waterproofing is usually divided into two type:

1. Horizontal. Surfaces located horizontally are protected, for example, the base of the foundation, the base of load-bearing walls;
2. Vertical. Apply to vertical surfaces, For example, outer part base;

Depending on the used material protective coating distinguish the following kinds waterproofing:

• Bituminous. Bitumen is used as an insulating material various types depending on weather conditions in geographical area construction;
• Ruberoid. Insulation is carried out using sheets of roofing felt, which are laid in several layers. When laying protection, not only roofing material can be used, but also isoplast, glassine or roofing felt;
• Liquid rubber. This material is made on the basis of bitumen. It has a liquid consistency and high elasticity, which is why it got its name.

By application method Waterproofing can be of the following types:

• Pasting;
• Penetrating;
• Roll;
• Plastering;
• Spraying.

Horizontal waterproofing

This type of waterproofing is used for guard walls and foundation bases. If you plan to insulate a foundation made of concrete mortar, then the protective layer is laid before it is poured.

To protect the foundation, waterproofing is laid before installation concrete blocks after backfilling and its special layer of cement.

To protect the walls, a layer of waterproofing is laid throughout the perimeter of the foundation plinth after its final setting.

Horizontal waterproofing applies in almost any construction, in contrast to vertical, which is sometimes neglected. This is explained by the fact that horizontally arranged protection effectively protects the walls of the building from exposure not only ground, but also surface waters.

There are various styling methods horizontal waterproofing. Depending on the creation of the required degree of protection and the cost of construction, they are used in its manufacture. special Construction Materials.

Bitumen waterproofing

Bitumen waterproofing is used to protect concrete and metal structures. Before installation mastics, the foundation is thoroughly dried, otherwise when bitumen comes into contact with water, it will form bubbles and the waterproofing will peel off.

For the manufacture of bitumen waterproofing material first melted, and then applied to the work surface using a brush or brush. The thickness of the applied layer must be at least 2 mm.

It is best to use construction grades of bitumen that contain special additives that prevent the destruction of the material at low temperatures.

Attention! Molten bitumen cools literally in minutes, so when working with it it is necessary to observe time intervals, avoiding premature cooling of the composition. Insufficiently melted bitumen does not clog concrete pores well. For waterproofing works bitumen grades BN-3, BN-4, BN-5, BP-5, DH-1V are used.

Ruberoid

Roofing felt coating is a highly reliable waterproofing, but such protection requires quite a lot of material costs. Before laying the sheets, a layer of mastic is applied to the surface.

There must be an overlap between adjacent sheets, at least 15 centimeters.

Attention! Before laying sheets of roofing felt, it is necessary to carefully level the surface for laying them! On uneven surface it will be difficult to ensure the necessary overlap of adjacent sheets, and the waterproofing will be unreliable!

Plaster waterproofing

With this method of protection, the surface is covered with a special plaster solution, which contains water-repellent additives, for example, asphalt mastic.

The solution is applied hot to ensure better adhesion to the surface to be protected. The solution is applied using the same technology as for precise leveling of walls, using lighthouses.

Liquid rubber

The use of this material in the manufacture of waterproofing requires both special tools and specialists high qualifications. This method produces protection that has high strength and wear resistance, which can be applied even to hard-to-reach places.

A special place in this technology is occupied by Preparation surface, which takes about a third of the total time of applying insulation. Main brands liquid rubber used in foundation waterproofing are "Profix", "Slav", "Ultramast" And "Mastic No. 33".

The equipment with which such protection is applied are special sprayers, operating both from electric drive and gasoline engines.

Penetrating waterproofing

Application of this protection does not require thorough surface preparation and special tools. The materials used in its manufacture fill pores in concrete, making it moisture resistant. Penetrating waterproofing significantly increases term foundation service and is considered most reliable and durable.

Technology making insulation is simple - purchase a dry mixture, for example, "Penetron", which is mixed with water according to the preparation instructions, and then applied to the protected surface using, for example, a roller.

After a few hours, the mixture acquires its final properties. Penetrating waterproofing, along with its advantages, has only one drawback - high price.

Roll waterproofing

Roll materials often used for waterproofing a building without a basement. This insulation is made on the basis of bitumen.

Materials and itself concrete surface previously heated with a gas burner, then carefully laid and, lightly pressing, smoothed. Adjacent sheets are laid with overlap 15-20 centimeters.

Sputtering

This type of moisture protection is applied using special construction installations, with the help of which a thin insulating layer is laid on the surface.

Waterproofing by spraying allows you to reliably protect concrete structures from moisture and can be used in severe frosts and heat. The material used for spraying is synthetic polymers - polycarbamides.

Foundation waterproofing: general rules

Today, to protect the walls of a building from groundwater and other types of moisture, two types of insulation are used - vertical waterproofing and horizontal.

They are also building additional structures, for example, install water collectors that drain moisture into special containers or channels.

Before applying the waterproofing layer, the surface must be leveled and cleaned of dirt and dust. For the best special primers are used to bond the protective material and concrete.

Look video lesson how to make vertical waterproofing of a foundation with your own hands: