When planning the construction of a private house, sewer ventilation is designed. There are two ways to ensure good air exchange in the septic tank and system:

1. Installation of a fan riser.
2. Installing a vacuum valve.

The purpose is to prevent water from being sucked in from the water seals of the plumbing fixtures. While filling sewer pipe(when flushing the toilet, using the sink), a vacuum is formed inside and a rarefied environment is created, as a result of which water can completely leave the siphon, and air and an unpleasant odor, on the contrary, will penetrate into the room. To avoid this, it is necessary to let air into the pipe cavity.

Device ventilation system quite simple. To prevent moisture from the sewer from entering ventilation shaft, it is located above the last plumbing fixture. If we talk about the air duct, according to technology it must be installed above the roof at least two meters.

Scheme of work (in a multi-storey and private house)

In both options, the principle of operation is the same, but there are also differences. In a private house, you can install a riser along the outside and interior wall, but in a multi-story building this is technically impossible.

Another difference is also in the method of installing the system. Most often, when designing a nine-story building, the ventilation diagram is drawn taking into account the characteristics of the building, its height and typicality. In low-rise construction, it is possible to deviate from the basic norms of SNIP and design according to the wishes of the owner of the premises.

What is a fan boner?

It is needed to ensure communication between the sewerage system and external environment, that is, so that the sewer system is not closed.

Most often it is plastic or polyethylene pipe the same diameter as the sewer. However, sometimes cast iron and metal are still used.

Fan pipe- this is actually a continuation of the sewer, except that water should not flow through it, this is the so-called dry pipe.

Installation methods

If the house has two floors and a bathroom on each, then according to building codes and regulations, FS should be installed and not used vacuum valve. There are two installation methods:

• Interior.
• External.

In the first case, it is installed completely inside the building and is led out through the roof to the street, but it must be remembered that minimum height from the roof to the head should be 1–1.5 meters.

It is best to run the pipe through the ridge to prevent it from being blown in by the wind. In some cases, a narrowing of the outlet diameter is allowed. However, professionals do not recommend doing this; less air will flow into the smaller size, resulting in the sound of “choking” in the room.

In the process of passing through the floor slabs, there is no need to insert a “sleeve” between the pipe and the concrete cavity; it is better to foam polyurethane foam and seal with mortar.

During warm weather, the ventilation pipe tends to expand, and in cold weather, on the contrary, it narrows. If the riser is not securely fixed and dangles in the hole, it may come out of the joints, and it will be very difficult to insert into place.

In the second case, installation is carried out at a certain distance from the windows and entrance groups. For window openings and doors, the distance should be at least 400 centimeters horizontally.

It must be fastened securely. Otherwise in winter time Ice and wind will break the system.

The external ventilation method is not very different from the internal one; it is also installed above the roof ridge. Places where the roof slope hits the fan outlet should be avoided; snow and large volumes of water can damage the pipes.

After installation, it must be insulated using glass wool, or mineral wool. For different regions its own thickness of insulation is used. In middle and northern latitudes there is a layer 100 millimeters thick. In the southern and central region 50 mm allowed.

This measure will prevent freezing of the air duct in cold period, as well as the accumulation of condensate on the outer wall of the shaft. A very popular material for ventilation insulation in Lately became a polystyrene foam coating, which is stored in metal cylinders under high pressure.

This composition is applied using a special gun and is securely fixed, forming a heat-insulating layer.

Vacuum valve

IN one-story house, as well as in a building where plumbing fixtures are installed only on the first floors, it is allowed to use VK instead of FS.

In order to provide ventilation, a special mechanism can be installed in a small system, which is mounted using a tee connection.

It works on the reverse principle. The device has a sealed curtain with spring resistance. When a vacuum occurs in the sewer, the vacuum draws in the valve and with it the air from the room, and when the balance is restored, the spring closes the valve again, preventing the smell from leaving the pipe.

How to install

The installation of an air duct can be combined with the installation of an air duct, but you need to remember several nuances with this combination:

• The valve should not be higher than the fan riser.
• In some cases, it is possible to install the mechanism not only on a vertical, but also on a horizontal pipe.
• If the length of the horizontal section of the shaft with plumbing fixtures is more than 8 meters, install two valves at an equal distance from each other.

How to make it yourself

To do this, a plastic plug is inserted into the tee, in which several holes are drilled in a circle. So that they can be closed, a flat disk with a diameter slightly larger than the halo of holes is cut out of foam rubber.

Then you will need a simple wood screw and a loose return spring. In order for the foam rubber to press down and close the holes after the valve operates and the pressure in the system normalizes, a plastic or iron plate is inserted between the spring and the disk.

Now the screw is screwed into the cover with reverse side. It is worth considering that the performance of a valve made independently will be several times lower than a factory one. All calculations and drawings are carried out in the factory, which are based on all indicators of the future sewer system, and the volume of air required to be supplied inside is calculated. It is unlikely that such actions will be possible to perform under domestic conditions.

Note. You can combine the use of a vacuum device and the FS system. In this case, the valve is placed at the end sections.

How to choose pipes?

Mostly plastic or polyethylene is used, as well as polypropylene.

You will also need 45 and 90 degree bends, tee connections and couplings. It is best to use polyethylene products, since it is not always attic spaces heated. Aggressive environment– frost and sun – can break the seal.

Polyethylene is very elastic and responds well to changes in weather conditions. In each case, the amount of material must be calculated separately; we can only say that in any project there must be at least one compensator and instead of bends of 90 degrees, it is better to use 45.

As for the tool, each employee chooses it for himself. To secure or cut a pipe, you need a hammer drill or a screwdriver (it all depends on the walls of the building), an angle grinder with adjustable speed, or a hacksaw.

Installation of sewer system ventilation and septic tank

First, it is necessary to ensure air ventilation of the septic tank, which is located on the street. When laying a sewerage pipeline, waste pipes are installed in it using connecting tees, which are then brought to the surface.

If the system is long, then VCs are installed every 7–8 meters. If possible, it is better to bring the underground risers as high as possible, but this does not always work out that way.

An air duct is also needed on the . The mounted branches of the pipeline perform the function of taking air into the cavity of the line and supplying it inside the septic tank. If available autonomous system wastewater treatment, then the installation of the specified FS is mandatory, since for those living in the storage tank and processing waste, air is needed, which will flow into the main line and into the tank itself.

Installation of pipes along the external wall of the building and on the roof

It is desirable that this be a gable wall. Before entering a bathroom or room, especially if the plumbing fixture itself is still a few meters from the outer wall, you need to stretch external wall additional air duct, which is also discharged above the roof. This measure will ensure better circulation within the system.

When collected in the most top point, after the plumbing fixture, a tee is installed in the pipeline with the socket facing up. Then a pipe of the same diameter is inserted into it and brought out through the ceiling to the roof. If there are various obstacles along the route (rafters, chimneys, etc.), they will have to be bypassed without changing the angle of inclination using bends.

Products from the store often do not fit in size. You'll have to cut it with a grinder and then chamfer the end to make it easier to join the bell of the next piece.

On the roof itself, the shaft exit should protrude at least 50 centimeters above the roof. Then a headband is put on its end, which will prevent moisture and snow from getting inside.

Moreover, it is unacceptable to install a weather vane or deflector; this can lead to the formation of ice and subsequent blockage of the pipeline. It is enough to put a small umbrella or visor

Throughout the entire external ventilation, inspection fittings must be installed, which look like a standard tee with a socket and an inspection window with a lid. This part is necessary to solve diagnostic problems internal state trunk and execution preventative work. If a blockage occurs or a foreign body enters, through such a unit it is possible to accurately determine the clogged area and eliminate it.

Important! The rubber bands must be left in the sockets and lubricated with oil or sanitary sealant. Also, if the length of the pipe was changed by cutting, a chamfer must be made at the end of the part, otherwise the cut end will rest against the sealing ring and lift it inside the socket.

Rules for installing a ventilation riser

1. The air duct must be the same diameter as the sewer.
2. The intersection of the vent riser and the ventilation of the room is unacceptable.
3. When laying a pipeline along external wall building, the distance from windows and doors must be at least 4 meters.
4. The fastening must be secure and airtight.
5. An “umbrella” or headband is installed at the end of the socket, and it should not interfere with the passage of air.
6. It is allowed to combine several air ducts into a common network and only then should it be routed above the roof.

How to check if it's working correctly

You can simply turn on the water in the sink and flush the toilet tank at the same time. The large volume of water will create a rarefied environment and the vacuum valve or duct will operate.

If, when flushing, “sobs” of water were heard and an odor appeared, and the liquid left the water seals of the plumbing fixtures, it means that the system was assembled in violation of the rules and regulations.

Useful video

More details are given in the videos.

At large cluster household waste inside the treatment plant may release an unpleasant odor into the room, penetrating through the sewer system. For safety reasons, private residential buildings must be equipped with ventilation for sewerage, which prevents the water seal from breaking down and keeps indoor air clean. plumbing equipment.

In what cases is ventilation for sewage necessary?

Sewerage is a drainage system used to remove products obtained during human activity. According to SNiP, sewerage without ventilation is installed only in cases where the height residential building does not exceed two floors, and the volume of sewage is insignificant and does not cover the cross-section of the sewer pipe.

In other cases, especially during construction country house with different plumbing fixtures, design and installation of ventilation is required. The presence of ventilation for sewage drains allows you to solve the following problems:

• Pressure balancing - in the process of draining sewage, a deficiency of air occurs in the sewer pipeline, called “vacuum”. With ventilation, air flows through the ventilation ducts, thereby maintaining a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the system.
• Penetration of unpleasant odors - air coming from ventilation allows maintaining a constant water level in the “elbow” of the sewer pipe. This layer of water blocks the flow of unpleasant odors from the riser into the kitchen and bathroom.
• Removal of hazardous gases - a large volume of waste products located in closed sewage pits and septic tanks releases a large volume of methane during processing. Ventilation allows a significant accumulation of gas to be removed in a timely manner, preventing its ignition and poisoning of residents.

Lack of ventilation and problems in its functioning (freezing, clogging) are the main cause of failure hydraulic valve. This is fraught not only with the introduction of odors from waste products, but can also lead to chronic illness in residents.

Features of sewer system ventilation

Ventilation of sewerage in multi-storey buildings is carried out by installing ventilation ducts based on an exhaust pipe, which is installed in the following places:

1. Inside the building - the pipe is connected to the riser of the sink, toilet or bathtub without connecting to common system ventilation and exhaust. The exact mounting location is determined at the design stage of the sewerage and water supply system;
2. Outside the building - the drain pipe is mounted to the drainage system outside the building. The ventilation outlet with a pipe is fixed on the external wall of the building or located on any other drainage area with a vertical surface.

When creating ventilation internal type and the sewer system, a pipe of the same diameter is selected. Professional plumbers recommend using products with a cross section of 50 or 110 mm.

When installing external ventilation, the height of the exhaust pipe above the roof level must be at least 100 cm. The outlet of the ventilation duct is not closed with a tight plug. Otherwise, condensation will accumulate under the hood. This is fraught with education ice jams and pipe damage.

It is not advisable to install the exhaust pipe in the immediate vicinity of the roof overhang. This can lead to damage to the ventilation due to the removal of large volumes of snow.

Design nuances

In private two- and three-story houses, if there are several bathrooms on different floors, the “rarefaction” of the air increases. In this case, the optimal solution would be to route the ventilation pipe through the roof of the house. The total height of the pipe should be more than 3.5 m, which will prevent the occurrence of air lock during simultaneous draining.

To construct ventilation in private housing, it is better to use plastic pipes. They are quite easy to install due to the convenient system of fastening elements included in the kit. For one-story buildings, products with a cross section of 50 mm are used. When installing ventilation in a multi-story building, it is better to purchase pipes with a diameter of 110 mm.

The ventilation duct for the sewerage system is designed in advance and installed during the construction of the house. If there is no design for the ventilation system, then the ventilation pipes are routed through the load-bearing walls after the house is built. When installing ventilation in houses located in regions with very low temperatures, winter period outer part pipes must be insulated to prevent icing.

Chimney-based ventilation

The vent pipe is used to connect the pipeline with the exhaust pipe ( ventilation duct). Fan pipes are divided according to shape and material. The choice of one product or another depends on the configuration of sewer lines and the location of their exit from the building.

Principle of operation

If the drainage system is not equipped with a ventilation duct, then the wastewater entering the sewer riser creates a “rarefaction” of air. The air deficit is partially replaced by water located in the siphons of sinks, bathtubs and other equipment.

During simultaneous drainage, especially in multi-apartment and multi-storey private buildings, a vacuum is created in the sewer pipe, which “breaks” the water seal. Therefore, unpleasant odors and harmful gases freely penetrate into the room.

IN sewer lines where the vent pipe was installed, the process occurs differently. The air entering through the ventilation duct during “vacuum” in the riser protects the integrity of the water seal and normalizes the pressure inside the pipeline.

When installing exhaust pipes and sewers, it is recommended to use products made from similar materials. This will allow for reliable sealing of the joints due to identical fasteners and fittings. Use pipes from various materials(plastic, cast iron) is not recommended, as the connection will not have sufficient strength.

Ideally, if design work has been previously carried out and space has been provided for the installation of an exhaust pipe. Before starting work, it is advisable to prepare everything necessary materials and tools.

If installation work are carried out in old houses where there is already a sewer system based on cast iron pipes, then you will need to purchase a fan pipeline from similar material. When using plastic products, complete dismantling is performed existing system and laying new communications.

At self-installation Ventilation based on fan pipes should adhere to certain rules:

• According to the project, the end of the exhaust fan pipe is brought to the roof of the house through interfloor and attic floors. The height above the roof level is at least 50 cm. When passing through the attic, the height from the ceiling to the end of the vent pipe is at least 300 cm.
• When the exhaust pipe is routed through the ceiling, the junction is insulated with sound-absorbing material. If necessary, a steel box is installed, the space inside of which is filled with heat-insulating material.
• When constructing ventilation for sewerage at an already operating facility, the drainage pipe is carried out through load-bearing wall. It is not advisable to lay through floors, as this can lead to a decrease in their strength.
• The cross-section of the exhaust pipe must be equal to the cross-section of the riser pipe. As a rule, in multi-storey private houses a pipe with a cross-section of 110 mm is selected.
• If there are several risers, they can be connected to one exhaust pipe at the top. The connection of sewer ventilation with the stove chimney and hood is not allowed.
• The length of the pipe from the plumbing equipment to the exhaust pipe should not exceed 6 m. The connection is made by connecting the equipment siphon to a socket adapter.
• For laying and exiting the pipe, special couplings and bends with the right angle turn. Compound various elements exhaust pipe is performed using crimping metal clamps, sealants and silicone-based sealants.

If, during the process of exiting through the roof, the drain pipe hits the floor beams, then an elbow with the required rotation angle (30–45) is installed for displacement. In multi-storey private houses, it is recommended to install an element with a plug on each floor (revision). If blockages occur, this will allow you to quickly resolve the problem without dismantling the ventilation duct.

Related video: drain pipe for sewer ventilation in a private house

Ventilation with vacuum valves

A non-return (vacuum) valve is equipment for ventilation of a sewer system, used in cases where installation and removal of a ventilation riser through the roof of a building is impossible for a number of reasons.

Operating principle

The principle of operation of a vacuum valve is quite simple - at the moment of “discharge” of the air inside the riser, the valve valve moves back and allows air into the sewer system. Due to the air flow, the pressure inside the pipe is normalized. After this, the valve closes, thereby blocking the entry of unkempt odors.

Despite the simplicity of the device, vacuum valves are not without drawbacks. If there is no water in the water seals, the valve will not prevent the entry of unpleasant odors. In areas with very low temperatures in winter, the valve will constantly freeze and become clogged, since the valve design is not adequately protected.

Valve installation

The vacuum valve is mounted at the top of the sewer system. It is optimal if the distance from the riser to the valve is less than the distance from the riser to the sink, bathroom or any equipment with a water seal installed.

Typically the valve is installed near the outermost plumbing fixture. For example, on a horizontal branch in the bathroom near the toilet at a low height in the socket of an outlet or tee.

During installation, it is important to observe following rules:

• The connection between the valve and the socket must be completely sealed. When installed in a plastic pipe socket, the valve is mounted without additional accessories. To ensure tightness, the included ring-shaped seal is used.
• When used with a cast iron riser, you will need to purchase rubber cuff. Before installation, the pipe socket is thoroughly cleaned of rust and debris. Next, the pipe is dried using a construction or conventional hair dryer. Then the cuff and valve are attached with silicone sealant.

How to make a valve with your own hands?

You can assemble the valve yourself using simple improvised means. To do this you will need: a spring from a fountain pen, a self-tapping screw 45 mm long, foam rubber, a polyethylene cover, an end tee, universal glue, an awl.

The assembly process consists of the following steps:

1. The spring is removed from the pen and screwed onto a self-tapping screw 45 mm long. The diameter of the screw must fit the spring and not stretch it.
2. A circle with a diameter of 50 mm is cut out of a plastic cover. Next, a self-tapping screw with a spring is screwed into the center of the workpiece so that the spring is located between the plastic washer and the head of the self-tapping screw.
3. A circle with a diameter of 60 mm is cut out of foam rubber. The blanks are glued to each other using universal glue. Before gluing, the self-tapping screw is unscrewed.
4. Several holes are pierced in the end tee plug using an awl. If necessary, use a drill or screwdriver.
5. TO inside The plugs are screwed together with glued washers with a self-tapping screw in the center.
6. The resulting structure is installed in plastic tee, which is mounted on a selected section of the pipeline at a height of 30–35 cm from the outermost plumbing equipment.

When the air in the riser is “discharged”, the pressure from outside will act on the spring through the holes made. The spring, in turn, will move the valve, thereby allowing air to pass through and normalizing the pressure inside the sewer system.

Functional check

Before installing the assembled valve, it is recommended to check its functionality. To do this you need to blow into each of the drilled holes. If everything is assembled correctly, the air will pass through unhindered. Otherwise, you should slightly unscrew the screw to loosen the spring force.

After this, you will need to carry out the opposite actions - you will need to draw air into yourself. In this case, no air should enter, since the spring will reliably press the workpieces to the base of the plug.

Installing a sewer hood in a private house is prerequisite for the normal functioning of the system. After spending simple work By making minimal financial investments, the formation of an unpleasant odor in residential premises is prevented. Simple actions will guarantee the absence of the characteristic sounds of water suction, which happens when zones of low pressure form.

Why is ventilation needed?

According to modern building codes, sewerage ventilation in a private house is mandatory if the building has more than 1 floor. The hood is installed when the system contains risers with a diameter above 50 mm.

If ventilation is not provided, when draining a large volume of liquid, the lumen of the pipeline is blocked, which leads to the formation of a vacuum. As a result, water is sucked out of the siphons. This element of the sewer system is a kind of valve that blocks the movement of unpleasant odors outward. In the absence of water, the siphon is not able to perform its intended function.

Unpleasant sewer odors occur when the sewer system is designed and installed to meet building codes. If the water drain in the building is small and the sewer pipe is not completely blocked, the water from the siphons may evaporate. This happens when you do not use a plumbing fixture for 3-5 days. Modern siphons have a small volume, which reduces their cost, but impairs their efficiency.

When installing a ventilation system, choose the installation of a drain pipe or a vacuum valve. The first method is more effective. Installing vacuum valves will not always give the desired result.

Installation of a drain pipe

Efficient ventilation The riser of the sewer system is formed using a drain pipe. It is a kind of continuation of it. The principle of operation of the fan pipe is quite simple. Warm air inside the sewer riser rises to the outside. A kind of draft is formed in the system. It promotes the absorption of air from the room. Therefore, unpleasant odors will be able to leave the sewer system. As a result, the comfort of living of the owners will not be disturbed.

When installing a sewer riser using a waste pipe, the following rules should be followed:

• rises above the roof level by 500 mm (more is allowed);
• diameter exhaust system must correspond to the diameter of the sewer riser;
• if there are 2-3 sewer risers, it is allowed to connect them at the top point and exit through a single drain pipe;
• It is strictly forbidden to combine a sewer hood with a stove or building ventilation;
• It is not advisable to install the vent pipeline near windows and balconies. This will cause an unpleasant odor to spread inside the building. The fan pipe moves away from the windows at a distance of 4 m;
• If there is a multi-slope roof, it is prohibited to route the ventilation pipeline under the slopes. It can break under the weight of snow cover;
• It is not recommended to install a deflector on the upper edge of the hood. There is a possibility of condensation forming. The resulting liquid freezes in winter when sub-zero temperature, which will significantly reduce the efficiency of the hood;
• The sewer pipe is made from materials used for the production of sewer risers. Cast iron quickly deteriorates under the influence environment. It is unacceptable to use it.

Application of Vacuum Valve

Sewer ventilation in a private house can be installed using a vacuum valve. The device works according to the following principle:

• the device body contains a spring and a rubber seal;
• when a sudden release of a large volume of water occurs, the spring provokes the opening of the seal. This allows you to take air from the room and equalize the pressure in the system;
• after performing the necessary actions, the spring returns to its original position. In the following position, it prevents the penetration of unpleasant odors into the room.

This sewer ventilation scheme in a private house is imperfect, but there is a certain efficiency in its installation. The vacuum valve will prevent the formation of an unpleasant odor when the water inside the siphon dries out.

Vacuum valve installation rules

Installation of a vacuum valve requires compliance with the following rules:

• The device should be installed at the top of the riser in a heated room. If the air temperature drops below zero, the vacuum valve will not work effectively;
• the device is installed above the drains of plumbing fixtures;
• if there is a shower stall, the vacuum valve is installed at a level exceeding a distance of 35 cm from the drain location;
• Good access should be provided to the mounted device for maintenance and repair work.

What is a sewer vacuum valve for?

Non-standard solutions for arranging a ventilation system

If a building with a sewer system has been built, and it is physically or materially difficult to change them, you can use several alternative ventilation options. They do not contradict basic building codes and are quite effective. The installation of the presented schemes is possible if there is a septic tank or other treatment facilities. If they are present on the site, you can try to install the hood in several ways.

Examples of alternative ventilation arrangements

Installation on the wall of a building. The presented option is considered advantageous, since the ventilation pipeline will not differ in appearance from a regular drain. He won't spoil appearance buildings, which is important for many owners. When installing, the pipe is installed above the roof level. Its diameter is 110 mm. It is also recommended to install the exhaust duct away from windows to prevent the spread of unpleasant odors.

Fence installation. Installation of ventilation is no different from installation along the wall of a building. It is recommended to take into account that the hood is removed from the building at a considerable distance. When installing it, you should take into account the placement of the main and additional buildings on your own and neighboring sites.

Septic tank ventilation. The treatment facility should be located from the building at a distance of 5-20 m (depending on the requirements regulatory documentation). This will prevent getting unpleasant aroma to residential premises. Installation of a septic tank ventilation pipe can be carried out at the final stage of construction. Installation is not difficult to perform.

The selection of the sewer system exhaust system option is made based on its initial parameters and the needs of residents. Fan pipe, vacuum valve – best solutions, which are preferred by most private property owners. Submitted alternative options not always successful, but acceptable.

Video: Ventilation of a private house

There is an opinion that sewer ventilation in a private house, the scheme of which is developed at the building design stage, is necessary only for large cottages with several floors and a large number of plumbing facilities. In fact, ensuring the flow of air and the removal of generated gases is necessary for any sewer system, although the design may vary significantly depending on individual conditions. The presence of ventilation, first of all, allows you to ensure a balance of pressure in the sewerage system. Thanks to this, you can avoid the penetration of unpleasant odors into living spaces and the appearance of unpleasant sounds water absorption when low pressure zones form.

Sewer ventilation in a private house can be done with your own hands, regardless of the number of storeys of the house and the number of drain points, it is only important to correctly develop the scheme. There are two possible options – using vent pipes and using vacuum valves. Before you make a choice, you should know that the current building codes lists the conditions under which it is mandatory to install vent pipes.

These include:

• the presence of several floors in the house with drain points located above the level of the 1st floor,
• the diameter of the risers is more than 0.5 m.

In other cases, the homeowner has the right to limit himself to a simpler scheme, however, experts emphasize a noticeable decrease in the efficiency of the sewer system when using only valve devices. Whether sewer ventilation is needed in a private house using vent pipes, if its presence is not required by the rules, is up to the homeowner to decide, but he must take into account that the valves are not a complete replacement and cannot guarantee the occurrence of odors or extraneous noise.

The photo shows a diagram of a sewer hood in a private house with a ventilation pipe when using a septic tank as quality treatment plant

Ventilation with exhaust pipe

In addition to the advantages listed above, ventilation systems with waste pipes ensure the correct operation of the sewer system, for which in this case it becomes less dangerous for the siphons to dry out. If the plumbing has not been used for several days and the siphon (hydraulic seal) has dried out, if there is a ventilation pipe in the system, warm air from the sewer will rise and exit up the pipe. Since dry siphons cannot perform their functions as a water barrier between the sewer system and the room, in the absence of a drain pipe, odors will enter the house.

Installation rules

The ventilation pipe may be made of the same material as the sewer pipe. This makes it easy to seal the joints. Due to its low weight, which is important during installation and operation vertical structures, often chosen for these purposes plastic products. When choosing, you should also take into account that the diameter of the ventilation outlet should not be less than the diameter of the largest riser.

Following certain rules, it is not difficult to understand how to install sewer ventilation in a private house.

• The risers and fan terminals are connected into a single system. At long distance It is advisable to install several fan pipes horizontally between individual risers.
• Installation fan sewer It is advisable to carry out during the construction stage. This will reduce labor intensity and make the system more convenient.
• When constructing a building, a special channel and hatches are organized to install a ventilation pipe. If the sewerage system and its ventilation are installed in an already built house, the line can be laid not through the ceilings (this option can reduce the strength and reliability of the structure), but through the wall.
• When developing sewer ventilation in a private house, the scheme must provide for maintaining a horizontal distance from the outer sections of the pipe to balconies and windows of at least 4 m, otherwise it cannot be guaranteed that unpleasant odors will not penetrate the house.
• The height of the exhaust pipe outlet to the roof depends on the roof structure and varies from 0.2 to 3.0 meters. In particular for flat roofs enough to top part pipe was 300 mm higher than the roof level, and for pitched design the height must be no less than 500 mm. And if the roof is used - 3 meters.
• If ventilation pipes from residential premises or chimneys are led onto the roof, the sewer exhaust pipe should be higher than all the others to prevent unpleasant odors from the sewer from entering the house.
• Installing a deflector on a pipe does not increase the efficiency of ventilation of the sewer system, but can cause the formation of ice from frozen condensate during the cold season.

Using Vacuum Valves

An alternative to a sewer drain can be the installation of vacuum valves, however, professionals recommend choosing this option only if installing a drain pipe is technically impossible or economically infeasible.

Operating principle

The valve leaf is connected to a spring that has a slight resistance, and the hermetically sealed seal prevents air from leaking when the device is closed. If a vacuum occurs in the system after the valve (often caused by releasing water under pressure - flushing the toilet or draining water from washing machine using a pump), the valve automatically opens and allows air from inside the house to flow into the sewer system, restoring the balance. When pressure equilibrium is reached before and after the vacuum valve, the valve closes hermetically again. Through a closed vacuum valve, unpleasant odors cannot enter the room, and when the valve opens, their penetration is prevented by air flow directed in the opposite direction.

When installing equipment of this type, you should remember some of the nuances of operating such systems.

• The presence of valves cannot prevent the penetration of odors from the sewer system into the house if the siphons are dry.
• Vacuum valves are usually mounted on risers, however, if this installation method is difficult for any reason, they can be installed on any of the horizontal sections of the sewer system.

Note: Installing water seals will in any case increase the efficiency of the system, regardless of whether it uses a ventilation pipe or a vacuum valve.

You will find more information about it in another article on the site.

We also have a separate, more detailed material about it.

To avoid unpleasant odors, you definitely need to use a siphon. , how to select and install it in the kitchen.

Non-standard ventilation solutions for sewer systems

Non-standard solutions that at the same time do not contradict safety rules and sanitary requirements, can be a solution if a sewer hood in a private house is installed after the building itself is built. Under such conditions, the implementation classical scheme may cause some difficulties.

Installation on the external wall of the house

If the ventilation pipe is routed along the outer wall of the building, from the outside it will resemble a regular drain and will not spoil the appearance of the house. The only difference will be the height of the upper part, which in any case will be above the roof level. The most common pipe diameter for such sewer ventilation is 110 mm. When choosing an installation location, you must comply with the requirements regarding permissible distances between fun conclusion and windows (balconies, loggias) indicated above.

Fence installation

Installing a drain pipe and fixing it on a fence is virtually no different from installing it on an external wall. The only feature is the greater distance of the ventilation outlet from the building. When choosing this option, it is important to take into account the location of the house and outbuildings on the neighboring site. Don't bother your neighbors with the smell from your sewer.

Ventilation to the septic tank

A sewer ventilation system in a private house, connected to a septic tank, in some cases may be considered the best option. Purification devices and storage tanks, according to the rules, must be installed at a certain distance from the house (depending on individual conditions - from 5 to 20 meters). This ensures that no unpleasant odors enter the house. In addition, it is not difficult to draw a similar conclusion during the construction of a house, when renovating and improving living conditions.

Before choosing the most suitable ventilation scheme for the sewer system of a private house, it is necessary to carefully study all the existing conditions and nuances of operating the existing sewer system.

One of the factors for comfortable living in a private house is high-quality ventilation sewer system, through which unpleasant odors accumulating in the pipeline are removed. Ventilation is necessary when different types sewerage (autonomous, centralized, isolated and non-isolated). Its functions include ensuring the flow of the required volume of air, normalizing the pressure in the system for silent drainage. Ideally, a sewer hood is designed during the construction of a private house, but basically it is remembered only in emergency situations, when an unpleasant odor appears on the territory.

Preparation of the sewer system and installation of ventilation during the construction phase of the house

Types of ventilation systems

Ventilation in the sewer system can be external or internal.

Internal sewer ventilation is designed during construction inside the facility. In this case, the riser is led to the cover in the form of a fan pipe, the diameters of the pipelines are 10 cm. The fan pipe should be placed at a distance of 4 m from the windows.

The height of the vent pipe placement depends on the roofing option, varies from 20 cm to 3 m. For flat roofs, the minimum height will be 30 cm, for pitched roofs - 50 cm. A deflector is mounted on the pipeline, reinforcing natural cravings and protecting the ventilation system from precipitation.

External ventilation is often installed on built objects; it can be constructed according to several schemes:

• in the form of septic tank ventilation ( best option for home), which is 2 m away;
• running a ventilation duct along the outer wall of the object (looks like a drain, the height of which is greater than the edge of the roof) with a diameter of 11 cm;
• attaching ventilation to the fence. But you need to think about your neighbors who will be bothered by the unpleasant smell of sewerage.

Compliance with the basic rules in arranging a ventilation system

Of course, a sewer hood in a private home is indispensable; it will serve as an obstacle to the spread of unpleasant odors from the bathrooms. If there are several risers, they are combined into a common ventilation system.

construction of a ventilation system for sewerage

Experts highlight the following rules that must be followed when installing ventilation risers:

• if the attic is intended to be used in the house, the ventilation riser must be installed at least 3 m;
• the height of the outer part of the ventilation riser on the roof should not be less than 0.5 m;
• the ventilation riser cannot be removed or combined with chimneys and the general ventilation system of the house;
• you can connect several fan pipes using one hood;
• the diameter of the exhaust pipe must be equal to the drainage area of ​​the riser;
• It is advisable not to attach a deflector to the sewer exhaust pipes, as condensation may appear, which will freeze in winter;
• It is not advisable to place a ventilation pipe under roof overhang due to the risk of damage when snow and ice melt in winter.

Drawing up a project and selecting pipelines for exhaust

It is advisable to use plastic pipes for sewer ventilation. This is due to their following advantages:

• ease of installation;
• light weight;
• equipped with all structural parts.

Put plastic ventilation can any person who has minimal experience carrying out repair and construction work.

When designing, a specialized ventilation duct is provided through which the pipe will be discharged. If there is no ventilation system in the project, the pipe can be installed horizontally in the wall and covered with a rosette. Pipe diameter for one-story buildings will be 50 mm, for multi-storey buildings - at least 110 mm. In harsh conditions, insulation of pipelines is required.

Inserting a ventilation pipe into a sewer pipe at its exit from the house

Installing a vacuum valve - as an alternative to complex ventilation systems

An obligatory part in wastewater receivers is a water seal, which is a siphon of a sewer pipe shaped like an elbow. It constantly contains a small volume of water, which prevents the spread of unpleasant odors. But when the system pressure drops, the sewer pipe experiences a significant load. Deposits gradually accumulate in the siphon and must be removed periodically.

If there are difficulties in arranging the ventilation system or the house is not multi-story, then alternative solution becomes the installation of vacuum valves. The device will operate when there is a discharge, preventing the smell from escaping from the riser.

The device has a low-resistance spring and a sealed rubber seal. The valve is triggered by vacuum from wastewater flowing through the riser by opening and allowing air from the room into the sewer system.

But a vacuum valve is not able to completely replace ventilation pipes, as they gradually break down and become clogged. Another disadvantage is that they do not eliminate sewer smell, with dried water in plumbing siphons.

installation of ventilation pipes

How to make a valve yourself?

The ventilation valve has a simple structure and can be made with your own hands in one of several ways using available materials.

From ballpoint pen The spring is removed and the screw is selected according to its thickness. Its length should be 4.5 cm. Then a washer with a diameter of 5 cm is cut out of hard plastic, in the center of which a hole is drilled for the fastener so that it moves freely. In this design, the spring must rest against the manufactured washer.

After this, you need to cut another larger washer (about 6 cm) from the foam rubber, and make a hole in the center for the self-tapping screw. The two resulting washers are glued together with Moment glue.

In the cover of the end tee (10 cm in diameter), 3 holes with a diameter of no more than 5 m are made, which should be located from the center of the surface at a distance of 2-2.5 cm. Unevenness must be eliminated from the inside of the cover. Then a hole is pierced in the center with an awl, into which a self-tapping screw is screwed in, holding the entire structure together.

After the assembly is completed ventilation valve, you need to check its functionality and blow into each hole in turn (air should pass through them freely). If during testing you need to make efforts to blow air, then you should slightly unscrew the screw and loosen the spring force. You can try to draw back air that shouldn't come in. If this does not work, then adjust the self-tapping screw, tighten it and compress the spring.

After the test, the valve will work properly, restraining gases from the sewer system and protecting the water seals from sucking out liquid when draining.

Hood for sewerage in wooden house do it yourself using a fan pipe may be required if wastewater the diameter of the sewer pipe is blocked (while simultaneously draining the filled bathtub and toilet tank). But this is theoretically unrealistic, since the diameter of the drain connected to the bathtub and toilet is no less than 11 cm, and the drain hole at the tank does not exceed 70 mm. Other plumbing equipment creates smaller one-time drains, which do not significantly change the situation.

installation and securing of the ventilation pipe

A fan pipe must be installed in the following cases:

• in the presence of equipment (swimming pool) connected to the general sewer system and carrying out significant one-time flows;
• if there are several floors of the house with toilets and baths;
• with a cross-section of sewer risers of 5 cm;
• with a septic tank installed on the territory, from which unpleasant odors may arise.

The exhaust pipe should be installed at such a level that an optimal air flow is created to remove unpleasant odors. Its diameter must match or be larger than the size sewer outlet. To install a plastic pipe, the same sewer parts are used as when installing a riser. Plastic pipes easier to fasten, they differ more long-term operation(compared to metal ones). During assembly, distortions should not be allowed to ensure a tight connection of the parts.

Also, a fan pipe can be used to ventilate a waste pipe, because evaporation from the riser warm air moving up. At the same time, the vacuum draws vapors from the siphon and eliminates unpleasant odors.

If the house has several risers, then the waste pipes are led to the roof. After this, they are sheathed with siding, metal profiles, DSP or other building materials on a pre-made frame made of metal profiles or wooden blocks.

But if the project provides for several risers, then it is possible to install one fan pipeline, while providing others sewer risers vacuum valves.

The drain pipe must be installed in the presence of a sewage treatment plant so that unpleasant fumes do not spread near a private house.

According to the laws of physics and building regulations, the installation of a sewer hood must be carried out near heated rooms, while leading the end part into the zone of cooled air flows.

Installation of external ventilation on a septic tank

Installing external ventilation for a treatment plant is not difficult. This method is suitable for big house with several risers.

To implement the project, it will be necessary to prepare two sewer pipelines made of polyvinyl chloride different diameters(50 and 100 mm). After this, a second pipe with a diameter of 100 mm is placed in the lid of the septic tank on optimal height from the soil level. This height protects the pipe from water ingress during floods.

Then a pipeline with a diameter of 5 cm is connected to the down pipe using an adapter.

High quality and effective work an autonomous sewer system in a private house can be provided using correct installation complex ventilation pipes and equipment.