Sections: Technology

The purpose of the lesson:

1. To acquaint students with the basic qualities of the interior, its features;
2. To educate an aesthetic taste based on the compositional construction of the interior;
3. Develop independent activity while performing practical work;

Equipment: Workbook, magazines with interiors of living quarters, posters, computer.

Lesson type: combined.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment of the lesson.

1. Check the readiness of students for the lesson.
2. Psychological attitude to the lesson.
3. Appointment of attendants.

2. Learning new material.

House is a reflection of the souls of the people who live in it. Whatever it is - a four-story mansion or a typical apartment in a panel house, for any person it should be that one and only place in which it is always comfortable and cozy.

For a long time, the people say: "House to lead - do not weave sandals." Guys, what other proverbs and sayings about the house do you know?

But there is a whole science of how to run a house - home economics.

In the explanatory dictionary of V. I. Dal, this word is explained as “household, that is, taking care of the good order of all household items” .

Today in the lesson we will talk about one of these components - the qualities and features of the interior.

What is an interior?

This is a borrowed word. (The interior is translated from French as internal).

Interior is the interior of a building or a room in a building; indoor environment. Compliance of the interior of the apartment with the character of a person: his habits, worldview, temperament is the main condition for developing a style. The main thing is that the general line should be traced in the interior design and individual elements should be harmoniously and naturally combined with each other.

The main qualities of the interior are functionality, hygiene and aesthetics.

Functionality - contributes to normal living conditions. Each room of the apartment has its own purpose (function): kitchen, bedroom, living room, dining room, nursery.

Hygiene is a combination of such qualities that are taken into account during construction: sound insulation, air exchange, heat-shielding qualities, the work of sanitary and hygienic equipment.

Aesthetics - the arrangement of interior items in space, their relationship to each other, surface finish, color and light design, shape and nature of equipment, decoration, landscaping.

Interior composition is a special arrangement and ratio of its constituent parts: furniture, lamps, household equipment, functional areas.

Human needs, traditions of society, fashion, construction conditions leave their mark on the interior.

Style is the language of architecture, design, composition, and like any other living language, it adopts languages, individual words from other directions. Hence the interweaving of styles, their relationship. It requires knowledge of composition, architecture, taste, knowledge of building and finishing materials.

Teacher: List what interior styles do you know?

Let's take a closer look at some of the styles.

Antiquity. Taken from the architecture of Ancient Greece and Rome. A feature of the style is the presence of triumphal arches, columns, cylindrical vaults, and sculptures. The interior is dominated by warm harmonious colors: white, olive, ivory, different shades of brown.

Gothic. Borrowed from the Middle Ages (2nd half of the 12th-15th centuries). The peculiarity of the style is huge windows, multicolored stained-glass windows, light effects. Giant openwork towers, emphasized verticality of all structural elements. This style is characterized by a variety of colors, cold shades prevail in it.

Baroque. Deliberate complexity appears in the interior, rounded corners, many mirrors, gilded stucco molding, ceiling paintings. The style is characterized by pomp, grandeur, scope. The facades are decorated with bas-reliefs and decorative elements. The color scheme is saturated with gold, yellow, white, all shades of warm tones.

Classicism. The main features are symmetry and simplicity. Smooth wall surfaces, limited clear volumes that do not hide structures. This style is characterized by beautiful geometric shapes, restrained decor, expensive materials. Presence of color in natural shades.

Modern. It arose at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The style has a symbol - it is the sophisticated shape of the cyclamen flower. Free layout, different floor levels, large window openings. The walls of the room are colorful, often decorated with flat-relief plaster plaster. The furniture is decorated with stylized floral ornaments. Functional zoning is introduced. The shape of windows, doors, stairs is infinitely varied. Ceramic cladding, wrought iron, window and door floristic stained glass are often used. The colors are bright, saturated.

ART - Deco. A mixture of elements of Egyptian art, American, Indian exotic and African primitive art. Stylish luxury interiors of ocean liners and luxury hotels are the standard of style. Furniture is characterized by the use of decorative elements in the form of zigzags, circles, triangles, suns. The color scheme uses rich brown tones, ivory, all shades of gold.

Minimalism. Laconic forms, reducing them mainly to geometric shapes. Open spaces are cultivated in the design, the aesthetics of simplicity and precision are emphasized, all elements of everyday life are carefully hidden. Complete lack of decor, ornaments, clarity of composition. The restrained graphic range of walls and floors can be combined with bright interior items.

Country – from English Village. Characterized by naturalness and simplicity, the absence of pretentiousness. The interior contains bricks and wood, natural for suburban life. Popular are cowboy motifs, checkered fabrics or small flowers, etc. The color scheme is restrained: shades of greenish, beige, various brown tones can be combined with red and green inclusions.

High-tech. They call it the style of rationalists, the interior in this style is always distinguished by severity, laconism of forms and a complete lack of decor. The role of the latter is, in fact, played by the material, that is, a high-tech product, which in itself is demonstrated as a design achievement. High-tech is often called not so much a style as the level that defines the standard of the highest technology. The almost complete lack of decor here is compensated for by the "working texture": the play of light on the glass, the shine of chrome and metal surfaces, and the pattern of natural wood.

The colors are very diverse: ideally - “flashy tones”.

Colour.

A person spends a third of his life in his apartment. Therefore, it is very important that the apartment meets certain hygiene requirements - it must be bright, warm and clean.

Modern research in the field of emotional perception of color provides an opportunity to regulate a person's mood. Color becomes a means of influencing a person's state, causing various feelings and emotions.

Scientists and interior designers have long learned to use these color features in their practice.

Consider a color wheel.

The color wheel is based on three colors: red, yellow, blue. Pure colors.

Red – warm, irritating, stimulates the brain, effective for melancholy and bad mood. Symbolizes the flow of life force, attracts attention.

Yellow – activates the brain, is effective in perceiving for a short amount of time in case of mental deficiency, improves mood. In some countries, the color of wealth creates a sense of warmth and strengthens hope.

Blue – soothes, lulls, relaxes muscles. Effective for insomnia, nervous and physical overload. Causes a feeling of coolness and relaxation.

Mixed colors.

Blue – antiseptic, relieves pain. However, with too long exposure it causes depression and fatigue.

Orange – stimulates the senses and slightly accelerates the pulse, but does not increase blood pressure, creates a sense of well-being and joy, and increases appetite. Situated between red and yellow, it has the characteristics of both colors.

Green – has a calming effect on the nervous system and vision, reduces pain, relieves irritability, fatigue, lowers blood pressure, relieves migraines. It evokes associations with life, a feeling of connection with nature.

Violet (magenta) – has a beneficial effect on the heart, lungs and blood vessels, increases tissue endurance. It evokes a feeling of solemnity, poise, the color of wisdom and royalty.

Pink - has a powerful sedative (calming) effect. Relieves stress, has a beneficial effect on the nervous system.

These are chromatic colors, i.e. painted.

There are achromatic colors (unpainted). It is black, white and gray.

For different peoples, white and black colors evoke different associations. White in the East is the color of mourning, and black is the color of joy, in Europe the opposite is true.

If you look closely at the color spectrum, you will notice such a feature: it is perceived as a cylindrical surface, in the middle part of which (red colors) there is an illusion of the surface relief. The lateral parts of the spectrum are perceived deeper. The blues and purples give the illusion of increasing space, while the raised reds are smaller.

In interiors, to expand the space of the premises, you need to use cold tones, and for narrowing - warm ones. Blue colors can visually move the wall away if the rest of the walls are of a different color.

Be careful to use black interior color. Individual inclusions in the form of stripes or spots in combination with white are quite acceptable and even very original.

The composition of the interior, zoning and decoration depend on the individuality of the residents, their taste and originality.

Lighting at home plays an important role.

The main lighting is general... For this kind of lighting, the luminaires are placed in the center of the ceiling.

If it is necessary to illuminate a certain area, apply local lighting.

For premises of a small area, they are used combined lighting. (Combination of general and local lighting).

To emphasize any element of the interior use expositional - accentuating lighting.

To emphasize the aesthetic intention, use decorative lighting.

For orientation in the room at night, it is convenient to illuminate the lamp - night lamp.

To acquaint students with different types of lamps: sconces, floor lamps, fluorescent lamps, incandescent lamps.

Each house is a reflection of the owner's temperament, and the interior is an imprint of his lifestyle.

Psychologists distinguish 4 types of temperament: (choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic, melancholic), but insist that people often combine features of all psychotypes, one of which is simply more pronounced at this stage.

Choleric - energetic and mobile, they crave new experiences, their addictions can change quickly. Therefore, sometimes the style of their home is sometimes a paradoxical mixture of styles: colorful and restrained, refined and pretentious. The atmosphere of their home should help to "cool" this crazy temperament.

Sanguine have an even, cheerful character, are active and are always busy with useful work. They are sympathetic and energetic.

They are advised to have an interior in warm colors, but "cool" colors may also suit them. No specific stylistic preference. Warm, bright, cozy atmosphere - this is a typical and ideal place to live for sanguine people.

Phlegmatic calm and calm, their confidence is based on knowledge and calculation. They speak mostly on the case, before acting will weigh the pros and cons. Balanced, speech is calm and unemotional. This type needs a calm, quiet, and most importantly "personal" dwelling.

Warmth and comfort for the inhabitants of the "nest" is one of the most important qualities of apartments. Respecting traditions, they are reluctant to part with long and well-known subjects. The furniture is round and upholstered. Wood is very appropriate, especially solid wood products. The interior is dominated by warm pastel colors. Modern flashy design is not for them, they prefer comfortable chairs, lamps with the ability to gradually change the brightness of the light.

Interior type - "castle". Here the main thing is representativeness and luxury. They prefer bright rooms with large, wide windows. Preference is given to rich colors and unusual contrasts, large, massive furniture and solid, durable materials: metal, glass, stone.

Interior type - “ Shelter ”Premises are often divided into functional areas. Furniture with clear geometric shapes. Cold colors without halftones are appropriate in the interior, as well as black, white, gray, silver. Extensive metal surfaces are acceptable, but matt, completely devoid of gloss.

Melancholic are distinguished by slow motion, restraint of motor skills and speech, rapid fatigue. The style preferences of melancholic people can be very diverse: from classic-style interiors to high-tech hi-tech. The color scheme of furniture and the entire interior is preferable to a light one: various, non-irritating shades of yellow from pale yellow and sand color to amber yellow and light terracotta.

The curtains are light and bright. The walls can be decorated with his own “painting” or photos he likes.

Consolidation of the studied material.

Questions to consolidate:

1. What is interior design?
2. What is interior composition?
3. How can you create an individual look for your interior?
4. List the types of lighting fixtures?

Practical work.

The teacher divides the students into four groups. Students perform drawings and sketches: living room, children's room, kitchen. Based on the work done, it is possible to determine the child's psychotype by color preference in the interior.

Summarizing.

Demonstration of drawings and sketches of various rooms; their presentation (introspection) by students; selection of the best works; evaluation.

Conclude:

1. Why is it necessary to take into account the compositional and other features of the interior in the home?
2. How do these qualities affect the mood and health of the residents?

Analyze the features of your home from the positions discussed in the lesson.

Appendix 2. (After closing the column with dates, invite the guys to fill in the empty column on their own. After the work is done, invite the guys to check their work and give marks themselves.)

Homework.

1. Learn the basic concepts on the topic of the lesson, which are written down in a notebook.
2. Using the computer program Power Point, create the interior of the child's room in accordance with the child's color preferences.

Each of us is familiar with the meaning of the word "interior". However, not everyone thinks about the fact that the environment has a strong enough effect not only on the psycho-emotional state, but also on health in general. And here absolutely all the little things play an important role, which are often not given special importance. In order to understand such subtleties and determine what is the best design style to choose for your home, so that it contributes to the preservation of inner harmony, you need to delve a little into the meaning of this definition. It is necessary to analyze the main points and identify the most suitable options for yourself.

What is interior design?

To begin with, let's give the exact concept. An interior is a space, which consists in its architectural, artistic and functional design. That is, wall decoration with all curly plasterboard structures, arches, columns and partitions also fits in. It also applies to the material used for the interior decoration of the room on the ceiling, walls and floor. It also captures furniture and its arrangement in space, textile decoration with various decorative pieces, accessories in the form of vases, figurines, candlesticks and, of course, lighting decoration of the room. All these elements determine the overall picture of the house: the perception and personal feelings of a person in such a space depend on how correct the approach was when creating it.

Also, the interior is a color scheme. It can be quite aggressive with bright contrasts, or, conversely, calm and mysterious. When choosing a color, the style of the rooms plays an important role.

Varieties of interior

The room may resemble the Renaissance. Sometimes the rooms are designed like an office or an Indian wigwam. Based on this, the main interior styles can be divided into three groups:

1. The classic ones that appeared many years ago.
2. Modern, meeting the current requirements of technological progress.
3. Ethnic, characteristic of a particular nationality.

And here, when decorating a home, it is necessary to choose not only options suitable for personal tastes, but also interior styles that are well combined with each other. The description of the main groups will help you make the right choice for decorating a harmonious space at home.

Classic style

Quite popular with wealthy families and older couples. The classics include styles such as antique, where symmetry and simplicity prevail. Harmonious combinations of shapes and calm shades of finishing are the main characteristic features. The original variation of the antique theme is the Empire style, embellished with the use of expensive materials and pretentious furniture with carvings and chic upholstery. However, when designing, all elements should be streamlined as much as possible so as not to create chaos.

Another fairly common version of the classic design is the Gothic style. Such an interior is a pretentious room decoration. Its main elements are high ceilings, huge lancet windows, stained glass windows, carved furniture.

Speaking of popular classics, one cannot fail to mention classicism, where restraint and simultaneous "elegance" are the main features of the style. The borrowed symmetry and harmony of antiquity are complemented here by massive furniture and finishes from expensive materials. Lush and unique can be attributed to the same expensive design options. Such an interior is an excellent option for huge rooms where you need to focus on the status of the owners of the house.

The Rococo style is also classified as a classic. This is the best solution for the bedroom. The so-called boudoir of this design will be appreciated by people who are not indifferent to ornate jewelry with an abundance of decorative elements. Modern also fits into the group of classic styles. It is characterized by smooth curves and large spaces, visually divided into zones. The main finishing material is wood.

Modern room decoration

In today's world, rationality is highly valued. Therefore, the interior styles of this group are highly functional and often do not have unnecessary elements that do not have any benefit. One of the brightest representatives of modern home decoration options is This is the best solution for maximum functionality with a minimum amount of decor. Not so long ago, the Art Deco style was singled out into a separate subgroup from the Art Nouveau variations, which differs from the classic version by the interweaving of smooth lines with straight lines. It is characterized by maximum simplicity and luxury at the same time.

This group also includes the pop art style: bright colors and contrasts with neon lighting and gloss are inherent in it. Lovers of a sense of freedom will love the minimalist interior with sharp right angles, calm colors, discreet furniture and an abundance of glass. Speaking of modernity in the interior, one cannot fail to mention the so-called kitsch. In some miraculous way, he is able to combine all known interior styles into one holistic and harmonious picture.

Ethnic decoration of premises

This option is preferred by young couples. home interiors are options for people who value a particular culture. Here you can distinguish such vibrant styles as African, Japanese, Provence and rustic country.

Often modern owners think about what this is interior design, the answer is quite simple and straightforward. This is a specific solution chosen for the decoration of a residential, industrial or commercial space. This term implies a careful design development, including the selection of flooring, decoration for walls, doors or windows, as well as drawing up a lighting plan, furniture placement or other elements of the composition. The main task of this process is to create a holistic composition, the details of which are harmoniously combined with each other.
As practice shows, interior design is a professional, creative action aimed at obtaining a functional, attractive space. The beginning of the development of the plan is considered to be an original idea that is born directly in the head of the client or designer. Before it is implemented, a comprehensive project is drawn up, reflecting all the technical requirements, as well as the aesthetic preferences of the property owner.
The art of correctly arranging furniture and other interior elements inside premises of various layouts allows you to fully reveal the essence of the owner, fill every centimeter of living space with meaning and attractiveness. Therefore, before starting repairs, you need to understand what an interior design is, how to arrange it correctly, what style to choose.

Why do you need a design?

Correct, competent decoration is essential for a comfortable stay. In order to rationally use all the benefits, a person must independently or with the help of a professional specialist arrange the space of his living space in order to get a unique, memorable interior.

Most of a person's life takes place in various rooms, therefore, special attention is paid to the design of the surrounding interior. Illiterate work, which is characterized by a chaotic environment, can provoke irritation, stress and even depression. While the correct interior design is a unique opportunity to change a person's life for the better. Often you have to deal with a situation when inside a room with an incorrect design, mood decreases, discomfort is experienced. Therefore, most people who want to change their lives for the better start with repairs.

History of origin

The concept of "interior design" appeared around the middle of the twentieth century, but the first principles of home furnishing were used in ancient times, when it was necessary to decorate the home of the local nobility, a palace or a temple. Only with the growth of the well-being of the population, these concepts were able to become widespread.
And so what is this interior design, how did its story begin? From the very beginning of its existence, the design rules are aimed not only at creating the decoration of the room, but also at improving its ergonomic qualities. The widest distribution of interior design was received only after industrial production was established, as well as conveyor assembly.
The modern design of the living space can be carried out in any one of a variety of styles or in a mixed one.
Today, the most popular trends can be called Rococo, Baroque, Empire. They are distinguished by pretentious decoration, as well as an abundance of decorative elements. As a rule, interior design is a manipulation that every homeowner can perform independently, but the end result in this case is very unexpected, since it is difficult to create a project without special professional skills, including color and knowledge of building materials.
Even if the owner-executor is able to draw an image of the desired interior on paper, during the implementation of the project he may face a lot of difficulties, for example, with the selection of all the necessary materials, furniture, and the organization of the lighting system. That is why cooperation with a professional designer will help save nerves, strength, and personal time.

Basic design styles

Why is it important to know what interior design is, what are its styles and directions? Among all the known ones, the basic directions can be distinguished, which served as the basis for the creation of all basic styles or their mixture. It is their organic combination that will help create an interior that can most adequately and fully reflect the inner world of the home owner:
1. Antiquity. This stylistic direction is known to everyone from the architectural monuments of great Ancient Greece or Rome, which cause admiration for their indescribable, complete beauty. Such dwellings are often decorated with triumphal arches, cylindrical vaults, decorative columns, sculptures of gods, noble people, as well as artistic painting.
2. Classicism is considered the standard of beauty and style. Its main features are simplicity and symmetry. Classic interior design is about smooth wall surfaces, limited clear shapes or volumes that do not hide structures, and so on. Restrained decor elements, as well as stucco molding and sculpture are ideal for such an environment.
3. Modern is interesting for its natural motives. The sophisticated systems of ornamentation used for the furnishing of the interior are based on stylized images of plants, flowers, swans, and so on. A feature of this direction is the ability to use not only natural, but also artificial materials for decoration. When working with living space, twisting lines, asymmetric details can be used.
It is important to understand not only what interior design is, but also that the listed styles are not a complete list of them. This is just a base that serves as the basis for the creation of new directions, experiments.

The concept of what is interior is old, like the word civilization. Indeed, since the appearance of man, he tried to equip the living space near him so that it was safe and comfortable.

The origins of the genre go back to the Renaissance. Renaissance masters unfolded scenes in their painting in rooms in which all furnishings carried a symbolic meaning.

Basic concepts

With the emergence of a new civilization, certain concepts, styles, and branches from these styles also appeared. The modern interior is attractive because it is a large space for creativity and self-expression.

It is not only about glass, metal elements. In addition to high-tech, modern or pop art style, there are many original solutions. It is important that they meet the ergonomic requirements of space, functionality, zoning, environmental regulations and energy efficiency.

Every new 10 years we learn new laws and styles in the concept of interior, which is the pursuit of excellence and evolution. Each direction reflects technical progress and human experience.

What does a modern interior look like?

Modern interior, what is it? If it is thought out to the smallest detail, taking into account all the requirements for functionality, ergonomics and convenience; if those living in such a room breathe easily and be comfortable; if the design used environmentally friendly materials and technical solutions - this is a modern interior.

These are the basic requirements for a modern interior, not the style of decoration.

Translated from Latin, the word Interior means closer to the middle. The interior is the architectural and artistic interior of the house, which provides a person with comfortable living conditions.

The style of the interior is expressed in the psychological views of a person realized in life.

A person seeks to subordinate the space around him to his intellectual and spiritual definitions, to satisfy his aesthetic needs.

The classic interior is a restrained decor, the use of high-quality, expensive materials, clear geometric shapes.

Often there are decorations in the form of stucco moldings or sculptures. There are a lot of styles and branches from them, and there are even more variations of their performances.

Interior - a description of the interior decoration of premises, household furnishings, a house in a work of art. Along with the portrait, dialogues, landscapes, the interior is the most important means of characterizing the character. We find a description of the situation already in ancient literature. So, in Homer's poem "The Odyssey" we read:

After they entered the tall house of Odysseus,

He carried the guest spear to the high column and put it In the smooth lance store, where there were still many copies of other Odysseus, a mighty spirit in misfortune.

Then he led the goddess to a beautifully patterned armchair,

He covered it with a cloth, sat it down, and moved the bench under his feet. Nearby he himself sat on a carved chair, far from the suitors, so that the guest, sitting next to the arrogant, would not receive aversion to food, burdened by their noise,

Also, to secretly ask him about his distant father. Immediately a beautiful jug of gold with hand-wash water In a basin of silver was set before them by a servant For washing; after setting the table she is smooth.

The venerable housekeeper put the bread in front of them, adding many different dishes, willingly giving them from the reserves.

In Renaissance works, interiors do not play a big role and are generic descriptions. So, F. Rabelais in the novel "Gargantua and Pantagruel" relatively in detail describes only Thelem Abbey: "The building was magnificent. It had six floors, counting the underground cellars as the first floor. The walls were plastered with Flemish plaster. The roofs were slate. Gilded statues of people and animals rose above the cornices. The downpipes were painted with gold and glaze. They descended into wide trenches that went underground all the way to the river.

The abbey had 9,332 rooms. They all went out into a huge common room. A beautiful staircase led to this hall from below. It was so wide that six armed spearmen, lined up in a row, could climb it to the very top.

On the right, between the two towers, was a huge library. On the left lived young girls, and in the rest of the rooms there were young men. In front of the girls' rooms there was a beautiful theater and swimming pool, as well as magnificent three-tiered baths, supplied with fragrant resinous water.

A beautiful park was laid out around the building for walking.

There was an orchard near the park, where trees were planted in oblique rows. "

In the works of classicism and romanticism, interiors also did not play a large role and were not used as a means of characterizing the characters.

In the works of the 19th century writers (N.V. Gogol, I.A.Turgenev, I.A. actions, interior details often get a special sound in the plot of the work. So, as a characterization of the character, the interior appears in the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov". His details (sagging back of the sofa; cobwebs saturated with dust; stains on carpets; forgotten towel on the sofa; a plate with a gnawed bone; last year's newspaper) reveal to us the character traits of the hero and his traditional way of life.

The functions of describing the situation in a work of art can be different: the interior can act as a background against which the action takes place (description of the house of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress in the story "The Captain's Daughter" by AS Pushkin); there is a "self-valuable" interior (II Lazhechnikov's novel "Ice House"); the interior, closely interconnected with the development of the plot (description of Samson Vyrin's dwelling in the novel by AS Pushkin "The Station Keeper" (pictures depicting the story of the prodigal son)); the interior, which serves as a means of characterizing the character (description of Plyushkin's house in Nikolai Gogol's poem "Dead Souls"). Sometimes the description of the situation in a work slows down the process of artistic time, as it were, delays the course of events. Often the interior in a piece is multifunctional.

Searched here:

• what is interior definition
• what is interior
• interior definition