The profession is aimed at optimizing the appearance of the product. Art, technology and marketing are the three components of this field of activity. For successful implementation goals, the professional looks for high-quality prototypes and analyzes ready-made market samples. Using three-dimensional modeling, he solves the problem of relating the appearance and functionality of an individual product. The specialist calculates how to reduce costs and make the product safe. An industrial designer maximizes efficiency by using graphic programs: 3D Studio Max, SolidWorks, solidThinking, Rhinoceros, Pro/Engineer, 3D CAiD, Solid Edge.

Personal qualities

A harmonious combination of technical and artistic inclinations is optimal for industrial design. Specialization in industrial activities requires a practical mind. In addition, the designer is an esthete with an ideal sense of style. A developed eye and accurate color perception are required. A designer is not an artist, so perseverance, rather than inspiration, plays a more important role in the result.

Where to study for this profession.

Admission to a designer requires the results of the Unified State Examination in Literature, or. Also, the variability of the list increases with Mathematics or Foreign language. It is mandatory for the applicant to undergo a creative test consisting of two parts: Drawing and Composition. To submit documents, select the profile " Industrial Design».

In the first two years, the student is taught basic Drawing, Painting, and Composition. With the help of non-trivial tasks, the teacher teaches the student to think original and see things from a different angle. At the same time, students receive training in using professional software. In the final years of the bachelor's degree, all special subjects will be studied in more depth. However, to master the profession on a full scale, it is advisable to increase the training period to six years.

Examples of universities:

• St. Petersburg State University industrial technologies and design - SPbGUPTD;

Pros and cons of the profession.

Career. Places of employment.

Industrial designer vacancies are usually posted by production and art workshops and design studios. Employment is also possible at various enterprises in the city. Sometimes designers become freelancers and later found their own agencies. This profession is quite in demand in the freelance services market. For example, on the freelance exchange Pchel.net, dozens of remote work vacancies for industrial designers are added every day. The initial salary level ranges from 20-30 thousand rubles. Specialists with experience can count on an increase in the base rate to 55 thousand rubles.

Related professions.

Web designers are also related specialties.
An industrial designer is a rather rare specialist in Russia. Due to the high demand for the profession, designers from other fields tend to change their specialization. At great desire and with a competent approach to business, the process is not so complicated. It is worth studying professional literature and mastering the necessary software.

Industrial design (industrial design, object design, industrial design) is a branch of design, an area of ​​artistic and technical activity, the purpose of which is to determine the formal qualities of industrially produced products, namely, their structural and functional features and appearance.

The first industrial designers appeared in the 18th century in England, which is associated primarily with the activities of Josiah Wedgwood and the development industrial production printed fabrics.

The definition of “industrial design” appeared in 1919 thanks to the German architect Walter Gropius, who founded the revolutionary Bauhaus school of industrial design in Weimar (Germany).

After the Second World War, industrial design received serious development in Scandinavia and the Netherlands. Around the same time, pragmatic Americans expressed interest in the direction - in order to increase sales. In the 60s of the 20th century, the direction became so popular in the USA that the College of Industrial Design was organized. In 1969, a member of this board, Thomas Maldonado, gave a very succinct definition of industrial design: “ Industrial design“is a creative activity with the goal of improving the external advantages of objects produced in industry.”

Development stages.

Typically, industrial design development includes the following steps

idea generation

conceptual development

sketching

prototyping

3D modeling

visualization

design

prototyping

Industrial design as an activity includes elements of art, marketing and technology. Industrial design covers a wide range of objects, from household utensils to high-tech, knowledge-intensive products. In the traditional sense, industrial design tasks include prototyping household appliances, production plants and their interfaces, ground and air transport (including cars, planes, trains), various equipment.

Changing under the influence of time, cultural references and the needs of people, using the latest advances in technology and materials, industrial design has become a means of “giving multifaceted high quality to objects, processes, services, systems throughout their life cycles.”

VNIITE theorists, having specified the essence of industrial design, noted that it is aimed at “the comprehensive formation of various objects - products, structures and systems - of such functional properties that provide high quality use of objects, and cultural properties that ensure that objects comply with aesthetic criteria, value orientations of people, their ethnic and other sociocultural characteristics.”

Being at its core a synthesis of artistic design and ergonomics, industrial design is:

as a stage of the production process,

as scientific activity, the continuous search for innovation in technologies and materials,

as art, since “formal, visual, aesthetic and conceptual elements are the dominant tools for this direction project activities».

Visually, these components are presented in Fig. 1.

Rice. 1.1

As scientific activity industrial design creates functional priorities in engineering, network cooperation, technology transfer and personnel training. Design as an art supports social priorities by producing inclusive innovations used to benefit society. Guided by thematic priorities, technological and non-technological innovations are created within the framework of project activities to increase economic efficiency and extract innovation rent.

Experimenting with household and industrial appliances, production plants and transport, furniture and equipment, kitchen utensils, designers sometimes change the structural and functional features objects. In this case, the vector is aimed, first of all, at changing the objective world, and only then at people.

The fundamental trend of the modern industrial design industry is to combine, on the basis of one enterprise, all stages of the development and introduction of an innovative product to the market. This feature is most clearly demonstrated by the example of large manufacturing companies China. Guided by the principle of “design thinking”, manufacturers can develop, present and launch on the world market in the shortest possible time New Product. Such unified companies offer their clients a wide range of diverse services:

Design specialists identify the value of individual products and services, develop branding strategies, and build a portfolio product line, develop action programs and manage the project to introduce new products into production (and sale).

For better understanding a thorough analysis of the consumer is carried out Everyday life people, identifying trends in cultural development, video ethnography, specific models for using a particular product are being developed.

In the process of developing innovative products, the architecture and design of the product are determined, 3D models are built, and industrial graphics are developed.

A number of European companies work according to a similar scheme, such as Smart design, Design Continuum, fuseproject, IDEO, ZIBA, whose employees “invest all their experience and knowledge, as well as creativity and design intuition, into the implementation of purely strategic tasks related to the development of new products".

E. Khramkova, head of the business development department of Product Development Group SmirnovDesign, notes: “There is an obvious tendency to turn to design at much earlier stages of developing a new product - a striking contrast compared to previous business models, when the designer was given an order from the marketing departments, advertising and technical support for the project.” Thus, a need is emerging for a fundamentally new type of industrial designer - he must be able to synthesize and interpret numerous information and, based on it, develop a unified design concept. This level of training is well done in higher educational institutions in Japan and China, Holland, Italy and France, where the learning process is directly related to the engineering field and real production. The training of Russian students in the specialty “industrial design” does not yet meet this standard, however, a number of measures are being taken at the state level to improve educational processes.

The domestic industrial design market can be estimated at a little more than 2-2.5 million dollars. This is very little, so we can say that there is practically no “industrial design” market in Russia.

Today there are about ten specialized companies operating on the market: Smirnov Design, FormLab, Art-up, Design-Works and others.

The first five, already relatively established in the market, do ~50 projects a year. In contrast to the Western experience, where the regular cost of an industrial design project is 100-200 thousand dollars (judging by analytics, at least 75 thousand dollars), the domestic one is an order of magnitude less - on average ~ 20 thousand dollars. There are, of course, , and rare orders worth 400-500 thousand dollars, but they, as a rule, include a significant amount of analytical and production parts (up to 80%). That. The volume of the market for industrial design services of private companies can be estimated at ~2-2.5 million dollars.

Rice. 1.2 Industrial design market potential Russian Federation(Source: Center for Social Research “North-West” based on materials from Philip M. Parker, INSEAD and Yandex (yandex.ru)).

There is also a hidden part of the market: industrial design services can be provided by design companies that constantly serve the client, as well as freelancers.

For reference, in the USA the industrial design market volume exceeds $2 billion. Manufacturers pay great attention to the appearance of products; the share of design in the cost of ordinary consumer goods is ~1-3%.

It is worth noting that the modern market is a world of “labels and packaging”. Often it is in successful design and a fresh concept lies in the success of the product on the market (for example, Apple).

Today, increased competition in the market and the dominance of imported, mainly low-quality Chinese goods, are forcing manufacturers to take a more serious approach to the production process. Domestic manufacturers finally came to understand the need to keep in touch with the market and focus on its needs, creating a competitive product.

Until recently appearance The product was mainly handled by production designers who, firstly, “cooked in their own juice”, not always having a specialized education, and secondly, focused only on current production capabilities, which did not contribute to the creation of innovative and competitive products.

Today, the first professional companies engaged in industrial design have appeared, in addition, some design firms have begun to declare their capabilities in this market.

The problem of uncompetitiveness of domestic products has also been addressed at the state level. The head of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, German Gref, and First Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov began work on a concept for the development of industrial design in Russia. According to the minister, the department decided to engage in design because “Russian goods of good quality are inferior in many respects” in their appearance, and this prevents them from being promoted in the domestic and foreign markets.” The concept provides measures state support design services, as well as deductions for industrial design expenses from the tax base, and direct government funding of such expenses for small businesses.

In order for managers to understand the importance of design industrial enterprises, it is planned to create specialized advisory organizations. The services of these “design development centers” will be partially paid for by the state. Design development may be included in the activities that allow enterprises to qualify as residents of state-funded technology parks. To solve the personnel problem, it is proposed to introduce retraining courses for university teachers, scholarship and grant programs, as well as to promote internships for design students abroad.

Government support will undoubtedly contribute to significant growth in the industrial design market. In addition, the cost of services of Russian designers will be lower than similar projects abroad, which will undoubtedly stimulate demand.

Main “market difficulties”

The main thing is the serious lag of the industrial sector and, accordingly, industrial design from Western countries, which, first of all, is a legacy of the planned economy of the times of the USSR, when the first place was given to providing the country with everything necessary and there was no talk of competition and development.

Besides:

• 1. The thinking of manufacturers who do not want to invest in creating a modern competitive design. Today, the emphasis from the industrial sphere has been shifted to advertising, which is clearly wrong, since the product to a large extent must promote itself, initially suit the consumer, and please him. This requires research, it requires design, it requires testing, new ideas.
• 2. The habit of creating design within the enterprise, and not outsourcing to professionals.
• 3. Low level of design education.
• 4. “Brain drain.” Western companies Competitions are held among our industrial designers, many of whom are subsequently offered work or good remuneration. Design is in great demand in the West today. social issue(urban environment), developments in the field of medicine, technology (including special equipment and military), these are government orders, and young talented designers are attracted for them.

Placement trend manufacturing enterprises in Southeast Asia will only strengthen in the future. In this case, it will not be possible to avoid the leakage of ideas and technologies. In an effort to somehow protect against Chinese counterfeits, the following scheme is practiced: the manufacturer constantly releases new models with the old filling; While the Chinese are making an imitation of a well-known brand, the manufacturer of the original is already announcing that the model has been discontinued.

Often there is no big difference between versions of a product, only the design (ergonomics, materials, colors, textures) and minor details, while the manufacturing process does not change.

In addition, if the manufacturer does not constantly move forward, he will lose competition. In the West, the manufacturer is interested in ensuring that its brand has a good reputation (it is of high quality, reliable and, if possible, cheap). The product must correspond to fashion trends and time, so you have to constantly change its image.

The main task of an industrial designer is to create industrial design and ensure product ergonomics. An industrial designer can work in a wide variety of industries: textile production, haberdashery and leather goods, furniture and wood products, chemical production, manufacturing metal products, machinery and equipment, production of cars, aircraft, ships, etc.

Basic functions of an industrial designer

1. Implementation of ergonomic requirements for products, creation of industrial design elements:

• Performance individual works on sketching, prototyping, physical modeling
• Sketching, prototyping, physical modeling, prototyping
• Computer modeling, visualization, presentation of product model
• Design of product elements taking into account ergonomic requirements
• Establishing compliance of the characteristics of the model, prototype of the product with ergonomic requirements

2. Performing individual works during scientific research:

• Performing simple and moderately complex work when conducting anthropometric and other studies related to product ergonomics
• Performing complex work when conducting anthropometric and other studies related to product ergonomics

3. Monitoring the implementation of ergonomic requirements for products:

• Monitoring the compliance of the working design of the product with the ergonomic requirements for the product
• Monitoring the implementation of ergonomic requirements during the design, manufacturing, testing and fine-tuning of prototypes of products and the preparation of technical documentation for serial (mass) production, introducing the necessary changes to it.

4. Determination and development of ergonomic requirements for products:

• Setting tasks when conducting patent information research, searching for information based on the results of scientific research
• Selection regulatory documents, containing the requirements for the products being developed, selection of the results of anthropometric and sociological studies containing the requirements for the products being developed
• Determining indicators of the technical level of designed products, conducting patent research
• Development of an organization (enterprise) strategy in the field of ergonomics; formulation of ergonomic requirements for specific species products based regulatory framework, the results of studies of ergonomics (safety and comfort) of products, anthropometric studies and the results of sociological research
• Development of ergonomic requirements for products that affect the safety and comfort of use of the product.

5. Conducting research work on product ergonomics:

• Development of a methodology for conducting sociological research concerning ergonomic parameters of products
• Definition of a system of indicators for anthropometric studies
• Conducting research on product ergonomics - its safety and ease of use
• Analysis and synthesis of scientific research results, evaluation of the information received.

Industrial Design- branch of design, area of ​​artistic and technical activity. The purpose of industrial design is to: determine the formal qualities of industrial products, namely their functional and external qualities.

Typically, industrial design development includes the following stages:

• Idea generation
• Conceptual development
• Sketching
• 3D modeling
• Visualization
• Construction
• Prototyping

Industrial designers themselves can be classified as such professions as engineers, mechanics and artists. They do not create drawings, are not responsible for the performance of inventions, they optimize inventions, trying to portray it as more expensive and beautiful than it is. Designers study sketches of products that are already successful in the market and use them to create their own masterpiece.

Industrial designer is a specialist who studies ready-made market samples and creates a high-quality prototype. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in drawing and drawing (see choosing a profession based on interest in school subjects).

He does not develop innovative products, is not responsible for the quality of designs, but improves items that we use every day.

Short description

Representatives of this profession must be distinguished by mathematical thinking and have creativity to work. After all, this specialty combines 3 popular areas:

• marketing;
• art and design;
• modern technologies.

The field combines science and creativity, so to master this profession you need to obtain a higher education.

Features of the profession

In higher education institutions and educational courses, future industrial designers are taught how to create more convenient, beautiful, practical and safe things. Most often, these specialists choose for themselves one or more similar areas, although they can also work with different objects, if you have the time and desire to learn.

Direct industrial modeling consists of several stages:

• discussion of the project with the customer;
• thorough study of existing products and all available information about them (3D models, technical documentation, drawings);
• developing a concept and transferring it into sketch format;
• after this the specialist must select necessary materials and technologies for creating a product;
• creation of a 3D model;
• if the customer approves the model, then the process of prototyping and testing begins;
• If there are no problems, the improved product/service is refined, retested, and launched into production.

During these processes, the industrial designer works closely with engineers, marketers, chemists, biologists and other specialists who take part in the project.

The main goal of the work is to create an improved product that will attract consumer interest. It must also be functional, safe and cost-effective.

Pros and cons of the profession

pros

• Industrial design is one of the highest paying industries in this segment.
• The work is difficult, but quite interesting.
• Career prospects.
• Specialists of this profession are in demand both in Russia and abroad.
• You can get an education in any region of the Russian Federation.
• A representative of the profession is already investigating finished products, so he only needs to improve them.
• You can work remotely or in the office, which makes the profession more attractive.

Minuses

• The work is nervous, and the specialist is tied to the requirements of the customer and the market.
• The work can take a lot of time, because the customer sets a deadline, and if the designer does not have time, then he will have to work day and night.
• In small towns, it is difficult for a specialist in this profile to find work.
• You need to work a lot at the computer, which can negatively affect your health, in particular your vision.
• You need to constantly improve your knowledge by studying different areas (design, materials science, marketing and others).

Personal qualities

• Creativity and mathematical warehouse mind.
• A penchant for analysis.
• Knowledge of foreign language.
• The desire to understand the intricacies of the product, without losing sight of the little things.
• Skill to work in team.
• Ability to listen and analyze ideas and comments from colleagues.
• The desire to create something new.
• Minimum knowledge about the field of activity of accountants, because representatives of this profession may be required to draw up estimates and develop a project within strict budget limits.

Industrial designer training

Representatives of this profession must study throughout their lives, but they should start by obtaining higher education in a specialized educational institution (specialty code 54.03.01). The competition is quite large; for admission, Unified State Examination results in general education subjects are required. During admission, you will need to pass an additional exam in the Russian language, social studies and a creative competition, for example, this could be a drawing or composition. Admission conditions depend on the highest educational institution. Form of training: full-time.

In this course, you can obtain the profession of an industrial designer remotely in 1-3 months. Diploma of professional retraining established by the state. Training in a completely distance learning format. Largest educational institution additional prof. education in Russia.

Universities

Place of work

A professional industrial designer will find work in any enterprise that creates products - these are factories for the production of clothing, furniture, dishes and others. Also, representatives of the profession are in demand in companies that specialize in the development and creation of websites, mobile applications and other types of software.

Salary

Salary as of 03/17/2020

Russia 25000—60000 ₽

Moscow 40000—150000 ₽

An industrial designer can officially find a job in a public or private company, or he can look for customers in the domestic and foreign markets, working as a freelancer. Wage specialist depends on his experience and the direction he has chosen (equipment, products for household use, household chemicals and others).

Career

A specialist can gain first experience while working as a freelancer, at the same time he must prepare his own portfolio. After 1-1.5 years, a designer can apply for a solid position and official employment.

This is one of the most successful areas of design, because representatives of the profession can count on career. After just a few years of fruitful and high-quality work, an industrial designer can head a department and take the position of creative director, which will have a positive impact on his salary.

Also, designers working in this direction can give lessons and consultations, which can be the first step towards creating your own school.

Professional knowledge

A specialist must be able to draw well, using both a regular pencil and modern programs for 3D visualization and design:

• Solid Edge;
• Pro/Engineer and others.

Also, the designer must know everything about computer modeling, types of materials, packaging features different groups goods. The ability to create estimates, correct mistakes of other team members, and study technical documentation in a foreign language is important.

Famous people in this profession

1. Victor Papanek.
2. Karim Rashid.
3. Maarten van Severen.
4. Michael Thonet.
5. Eero Aarnio.