A pressing question that plagues everyone who wants to live in private country houses without the ability to connect to central water supply and drainage, how to make an autonomous sewer system. After all, without it it is not possible to fully use such benefits of civilization as a bath, shower, kitchen sink, washing machine and much more. Sewerage in a private house can be equipped different ways, which we will talk about in this article. Choosing the right system that suits your individual conditions and needs is even more important than implementing it.
What kind of sewerage system can there be - a private house with permanent and temporary residence
The option for arranging a drainage system in private homes is selected depending on several conditions:
- House with permanent or temporary residence.
- How many people permanently live in the house?
- What is the daily water consumption per person in the house (depends on the number of water consumers, such as a bathtub, shower, toilet, sink, washbasin, washing machine, etc.)
- What is the level of occurrence groundwater.
- What is the size of the site, how much space can be used for treatment systems.
- What is the structure and type of soil on the site.
- Climatic conditions of the area.
You can learn more about the requirements in the relevant sections of SanPin and SNiP.
Conventionally, all sewerage systems in a private house can be divided into only two types:
- Storage systems(cesspool without bottom, sealed container for waste).
- Wastewater treatment plants(the simplest single-chamber septic tank with soil purification, a two-chamber septic tank - overflowing wells with natural purification, a two-three-chamber septic tank with a filtration field, a septic tank with a biofilter, a septic tank (aeration tank) with a constant air supply).
The most ancient method of arranging a sewer system, proven over centuries and even millennia, is a cesspool. Some 50 - 70 years ago there was no alternative to this method at all. But people did not use as much water in private homes as they do today.
A cesspool is a well without a bottom. The walls of the cesspool can be made of brick, concrete rings, concrete or other material. Soil remains at the bottom. When sewage from the house gets into the pit more or less pure water seeps into the soil, purifying itself. Fecal matter and other solid organic waste settles to the bottom and accumulates. Over time, the well becomes filled with solid waste, and then it needs to be cleaned.
Previously, the walls of the cesspool were not made waterproof; then, when the hole was filled, they simply buried it and dug a new one in another place.
I would like to immediately note that installing a sewer system in a private house using a cesspool is possible only if the average daily volume of wastewater is less than 1 m3. In this case, soil microorganisms that live in the soil and feed on organic matter have time to process the water that penetrates the soil through the bottom of the pit. If the volume of wastewater is greater than this norm, the water does not undergo sufficient purification, penetrates into the soil and pollutes groundwater. This risks contaminating wells and other water sources within a radius of 50 m. Adding microorganisms to the cesspool somewhat reduces the unpleasant odor emanating from it, and also speeds up the process of water purification. But, nevertheless, it is not worth the risk.
Conclusion. A cesspool without a bottom can be built if the house is visited 2-3 days a week and does not consume a lot of water. In this case, the groundwater level must be at least 1 m below the bottom of the pit, otherwise contamination of the soil and water source cannot be avoided. Despite the lowest cost of arrangement, a cesspool is not popular in modern country houses and cottages.
Sealed container - storage tank
A sealed container is installed on the site near the house, into which wastewater and waste from the entire house flow through pipes. This container can be ready-made, store-bought, and made of plastic, metal or other material. Or it can be assembled independently from concrete rings, the bottom is made of concrete, and the lid is made of metal. The main condition when installing a sewer system in a private house of this type is complete tightness. Suitable for sewerage corrugated pipes pragma.
When the container is full, it must be cleaned. To do this, a sewer truck is called, the call of which costs from 15 to 30 USD. The frequency of emptying the container, as well as the required volume, depends on the amount of waste. For example, if 4 people permanently live in a house and use a bath, shower, sink, toilet, washing machine, then the minimum volume of the storage tank should be 8 m3, it will have to be cleaned every 10 - 13 days.
Conclusion. A sealed cesspool is one of the options for installing sewerage in a private house if the groundwater level in the area is high. This will completely protect the soil and water sources from possible contamination. The disadvantage of such a sewage system is that you will often have to call a sewer truck. To do this, from the very beginning it is necessary to correctly calculate the location of the container to ensure convenient access to it. The bottom of the hole or container should not be deeper than 3 m from the soil surface, otherwise the cleaning hose will not reach the bottom. The lid of the container must be insulated to protect the pipeline from freezing. For such a sewer system in a private house, the cost depends on the material of the container. The cheapest option would be to purchase used Eurocubes, the most expensive would be concrete pouring or brick. In addition there are monthly cleaning costs.
Single-chamber septic tank - the simplest option for soil treatment
A single-chamber septic tank is not far from the cesspool; it is often called that. It is a well, the bottom of which is filled with crushed stone in a layer of at least 30 cm, and on top of coarse sand in the same layer. Wastewater flows through pipes into a well, where the water, seeping through a layer of sand, crushed stone, and then soil, is purified by 50%. Adding sand and crushed stone improves the quality of water purification and partly feces, but does not radically solve the problem.
Conclusion. Conducting sewerage in a private house using a single-chamber septic tank is impossible with permanent residence and large volumes of wastewater. Only for houses with temporary residence and low level m of groundwater. After some time, the crushed stone and sand will need to be completely replaced, as they will silt up.
Two-chamber septic tank - overflow settling wells
As one of economical options sewerage system, which can be installed independently, the installation of overflow settling wells and filter wells is universally popular.
This sewage system in a private house consists of two wells: one with a sealed bottom, the second without a bottom, but with powder, as in the previous method (crushed stone and sand). Wastewater from the house flows into the first well, where solid organic waste and feces sink to the bottom, fatty waste floats to the surface, and more or less clarified water is formed between them. At a height of approximately 2/3 of the first well, it is connected to the second well by an overflow pipe, located slightly at an angle so that water can flow there freely. Partially clarified water enters the second well, where it percolates through a sprinkle of crushed stone, sand and soil, purifies even more and leaves.
The first well is a settling tank, and the second is a filter well. Over time, a critical mass of feces accumulates in the first well, to remove which it is necessary to call a sewer truck. This will have to be done approximately once every 4 - 6 months. To reduce the unpleasant odor, microorganisms are added to the first well that decompose feces.
Overflow sewer in a private house: photo - example
You can make a two-chamber septic tank yourself from concrete rings, concrete or brick, or you can purchase a ready-made (plastic) one from the manufacturer. In the finished two-chamber septic tank, additional cleaning will also occur using special microorganisms.
Conclusion. It is possible to install a sewer system in a private house from two overflow wells only if the groundwater level, even during a flood, is 1 m lower from the bottom of the second well. Ideal conditions is sandy or su sandy soil Location on. After 5 years, the crushed stone and sand in the filter well will have to be replaced.
Septic tank with filtration field - biological and soil treatment
We move on to a description of more or less serious cleaning systems that allow you not to worry about environmental pollution.
This type of septic tank is one container divided into 2 - 3 sections or several separate well containers connected by pipes. Most often, having decided to install this type of sewer system, a factory-made septic tank is purchased.
In the first container, wastewater settles, as in the previous method (settling well). Through the pipe, partially clarified water flows into a second container or section, where anaerobic bacteria decompose organic residues. Even more clarified water reaches the filtration fields.
Filtration fields are areas underground where wastewater undergoes soil treatment. Thanks to the large area (about 30 m2), the water is purified by 80%. The ideal case is if the soil is sandy or sandy loam, otherwise you will have to equip an artificial filtration field made of crushed stone and sand. After passing through the filtration fields, the water is collected in pipelines and discharged into drainage ditches or wells. Trees or edible vegetables cannot be planted above the filtration fields; only a flower bed is allowed.
Over time, the fields become silted and need to be cleaned, or rather replaced with crushed stone and sand. You can imagine how much work will have to be done, and what your site will turn into after this.
Conclusion. Laying a sewer system in a private house, which requires the presence of a filtration field, is only possible if the groundwater level is below 2.5 - 3 m. Otherwise, this is quite constructive solution subject to sufficient free space. Also, do not forget that the distance from the filtration fields to water sources and residential buildings should be more than 30 m.
Septic tank with biofilter - natural treatment station
A deep cleaning station allows for complete installation of sewerage in a private house, even if the groundwater level is very high.
A septic tank is a container divided into 3 - 4 sections. It is better to purchase it from a trusted manufacturer, after consulting with professionals about the required volume and equipment. Of course, the price for such a sewer system in a private house is not the lowest, starting from 1200 USD.
In the first chamber of the septic tank, water settles, in the second, organic matter decomposes by anaerobic microorganisms, the third chamber serves for water separation, since in the fourth, organic matter decomposes with the help of aerobic bacteria, which need a constant flow of air. To do this, a pipe is mounted above the chamber, rising 50 cm above the ground level. Aerobic bacteria are added to a filter installed on the pipe leading from the third section to the fourth. In essence, this is the filtration field - only in miniature and concentrated. Thanks to the small area of water movement and the high concentration of microorganisms, the water is thoroughly purified up to 90 - 95%. This water can be safely used for technical needs - watering the garden, washing the car and much more. To do this, their fourth section is given a pipe leading either to a container for accumulating purified water, or to drainage ditch or a well, where it will simply be absorbed into the soil.
Sewage treatment in a private house - operation diagram:
Conclusion. A septic tank with a biofilter is a good solution for a private home with permanent residence. Microorganisms can be added to the septic tank by simply pouring them into the toilet. There are no restrictions on the use of such a treatment plant. An undeniable advantage is that it does not require electricity. The only drawback is that sewerage installation in a private house requires permanent residence, since without the constant flow of wastewater, bacteria die. When new strains are introduced, they begin active activity only after two weeks.
Septic tank with forced air supply - artificial treatment station
An accelerated treatment station where natural processes occur artificially. Construction of a sewer system in a private house using an aeration tank will require supplying electricity to the septic tank to connect an air pump and air distributor.
Such a septic tank consists of three chambers or separate containers connected to each other. Water enters the first chamber through sewer pipes, where it settles and solid waste precipitates. Partially clarified water from the first chamber is pumped into the second.
The second chamber is actually an aeration tank; here water is mixed with activated sludge, which consists of microorganisms and plants. All microorganisms and bacteria activated sludge- aerobic. It is for their full functioning that forced aeration is needed.
Water mixed with sludge enters the third chamber - a settling tank for deeper cleaning. The sludge is then pumped back into the aeration tank using a special pump.
Forced air supply provides fairly rapid treatment of wastewater, which can then be used for technical needs.
Conclusion. An aeration tank is an expensive but necessary pleasure in some cases. The price starts from 3700 USD. There are no restrictions on the installation of such sewerage. Disadvantages are the need for electricity and permanent residence, otherwise the activated sludge bacteria die.
Water supply and sewerage of a private house - general rules
The location of sewerage facilities is subject to certain restrictions.
Septic tank should be located:
- no closer than 5 m from a residential building;
- no closer than 20 - 50 m from the water source (well, borehole, reservoir);
- no closer than 10 m from the garden.
House must be remote:
- 8 m from filter wells;
- 25 m from filter fields;
- 50 m from aeration treatment plants;
- 300 m from drainage wells or stations.
The pipes leading to the septic tank must be insulated so that they do not freeze in winter. To do this, they are wrapped with heat-insulating material and inserted into asbestos-cement pipes. External sewerage distribution in a private house is carried out with pipes with a diameter of 100 - 110 mm, the slope should be 2 cm by 2 m, i.e. 2°, in practice they do a little more - 5 - 7° (with a margin). But you shouldn’t joke with this matter, since a larger slope will lead to water quickly passing through the pipes, and feces will linger and clog them, and a smaller slope will not ensure the movement of wastewater through the pipes at all. It is advisable to lay the pipes so that there are no turns or corners. For internal wiring of sewer pipes, a diameter of 50 mm is sufficient. If the house has more than one floor, and baths, sinks, and a toilet are also installed on the upper floors, then a riser with a diameter of 200 mm is used to drain wastewater down.
If you decide that you can do the sewerage of a private house with your own hands, be sure to take into account all the restrictions of SanPin and SNiP regarding the location and design of the sewerage system. In order not to spoil relations with your neighbors, consider the location of their water sources and other buildings.
The sewerage project for a private house is extremely important; you should not try to do without it. Sewerage is not a system that tolerates approximateness. Contact design bureaus or architects, and let the professionals create a working design for you, taking into account all the characteristics of the soil, site, climate and operating conditions. It is better if this project is completed together with the project of the house itself before its construction begins. This will make installation much easier.
If you are interested in the question of how to make a sewer system in a private house at high groundwater levels, then based on all of the above, these could be the following options:
- Sealed container for waste accumulation.
- Septic tank with biofilter.
- Aeration treatment station (aeration tank).
Direct installation work sewer system in a private house - not so complicated. It is necessary to install pipes throughout the house that will collect wastewater from different sources, connect them into a collector and run them through the foundation or under it along the ground to the septic tank. You can do the excavation work yourself, or you can hire an excavator. But choosing the right sewerage system and drawing up a project is much more important.
Sewerage in a private house: video - example
It is increasingly rare to hear the phrase “outdoor amenities” in the private sector. This is not surprising - after all, every person strives for comfort. However, it is out of the question if on a frosty night, waking up, you have to get dressed and run through the snow to a cabin located 15 meters from your home. So home craftsmen equip latrines directly in the house. But in order for them to function normally, it is necessary to properly install a sewage disposal system into a septic tank located on the street. Today we will look at how to install a sewer system in a private house with our own hands. We will also consider the diagram of its structure, and along the way we will find out the cost of such work when performed by specialists.
Read in the article:
How to correctly draw up a diagram of a sewerage system in a private house with your own hands
When starting to draw up a sewerage diagram for a private house, you need to decide on the number of drain points. It should be understood that if there are two floors in residential building, the circuit of each is mounted, as planned, separately, with subsequent output to a common riser leading to the septic tank.
Having only one riser is unacceptable only in the case of installing a swimming pool or sauna - a separate drain will need to be installed for them.
Important! Its performance and ease of installation will depend on the completeness and correctness of the do-it-yourself sewerage diagram for a private house. The plan must indicate the length of all pipes - this will help to correctly calculate the amount of material.
Problems you may encounter during design
The main difficulty in drawing up a project may be the introduction of a sewer pipe into the house. To do this, you will have to break through the foundation or install special pumps. Their installation will also be necessary when installing a bathroom in the basement or basement. In this case, a special installation capable of grinding organic matter will not hurt. The sewage pump together with the blade assembly is called a multi-lift.
Expert opinion
VK design engineer (water supply and sewerage) LLC "ASP North-West"
Ask a specialist“If the house is under construction, then regardless of whether a toilet is planned inside the house or not, it is worth installing a sewer pipe into the foundation. To begin with, you can simply turn it off. If you need to install sewerage, it will be very useful.”
When designing, the number of residents must be taken into account. This indicator will directly affect both the volume of the septic tank and the diameter of the sewer pipes that will be used when installing the system. Do not forget about the depth of soil freezing - the system must be in the ground below this mark.
What types of sewerage systems exist?
The main types can be called:
- Dry toilets. This format is not very common in private homes. It is more suitable for a summer residence where there is no need for a constantly functioning sewer system.
- cesspool– the easiest to install and low-cost option. Its inconvenience is that it requires periodic pumping using special equipment, and this is not a cheap pleasure.
- Septic tank- the most common version of the sewerage system. Waste products are processed using live bacteria and microorganisms or by adding them to a container chemical substances that decompose organic waste.
The construction of a septic tank cannot be called cheap, but it allows you to do without pumping for a long time. The main task is to add the necessary substances in time. As for the sewerage system itself for a private house, it will be the same for both the cesspool and the septic tank.
Do-it-yourself sewerage in a private house: diagram and its main components
When drawing up a project for laying a sewer system in a private house, you should mark on the diagram the location of plumbing fixtures, such as a sink or. All pipes are also taken into account (their length and diameter are indicated in the plan), connections, corners and branches. Data is entered on the location of the riser and its outlet to the septic tank.
If you describe all the parameters in detail, you can install the entire system much faster and with better quality. The plan, after installing the sewer system, must be saved. It can help in case of blockages or other emergency situations.
When drawing up a sewerage diagram for a private one-story house (as well as buildings with several floors), it is important to think about the installation locations for cleaning systems - special branches with plugs that will help get rid of blockages. Do not forget about calculating the slope of the highway. If the slope is weak, the drain will be ineffective, and if it is excessive, grease and dirt will settle on the walls, which will eventually lead to emergency situation. Let's try to figure out how to correctly draw up a diagram of the sewer system.
Drawing up a sewer system diagram
The first thing you need to do is draw a floor plan of all the premises of the building. It is more convenient if such a diagram is available - quite often during construction, just such diagrams are drawn up. In this case, it can be copied and sewer routes can be “laid” along it. Having indicated the installation points of plumbing fixtures, we begin measurements. Every millimeter can play a role here.
Important! When installing thinner pipes (for example, from a sink), if they are longer than necessary, there is a danger of them being bent. In this case, the water will stagnate, which will lead to a build-up of grease and dirt and clog.
If possible, it is better to place all plumbing fixtures in close proximity to the riser - this will allow sewerage to be carried out with the greatest efficiency. All tie-ins into the riser are indicated. Required condition is to connect the toilet flush directly to the main pipe, without additional connections. The drain of the bathtub and sink can be combined - this will save material and get rid of extra pipes and tie-ins into the main riser.
What diameter should the pipes be?
The diameter of the pipe is selected based on the number of residents and the planned intensity of use of the system. However, there are generally accepted norms. So the diameter of the main riser directly to the septic tank is usually 100-110 mm. The toilet flush has the same diameter. But from the sinks and the bathroom there are thinner pipes. Most often, a diameter of 50 mm is used for such purposes. This thickness will be quite sufficient.
All connections and taps must be made at an angle of 450. If the angle of the sewer pipe is even, it is this point that will periodically become clogged.
When installing a sewer system, it should be understood that the riser must go to the roof, from where air will enter. Let's consider what will happen if there is no air access, and top part the riser is muffled, for example two-story house. Everyone knows that there is a hydraulic lock in the toilet that prevents odor from the system from entering the room. If there is no free access to air, we flush the water in the toilet on the first floor. Due to rarefaction, water is “pulled out” from plumbing fixture second floor. The hydraulic lock is open, all the smell from the sewer system rushes into the living quarters.
How can you improve sewer efficiency?
The quality of operation of an autonomous sewer system can be improved both by installing additional equipment and purely by installation parameters. To do this, you just need to correctly distribute the slope of the highways. A slope of 3 cm/m is considered the most effective. But for greater efficiency of the sewer system, you can increase this parameter to 4-5 cm/m. This will be quite enough for efficient work system and is not enough for fast education grease or dirt deposits on the inner walls of pipes.
Very effectively fights deposits on the walls modern means. But you shouldn’t expect a miracle from them if a serious blockage occurs. Advertising may claim that the product can easily cope with any of them, but this is not entirely true. In fact, such products are good for periodic prevention. If the pipe is already thoroughly clogged, then there is nothing better than a good old cable.
Speaking about additional equipment, one cannot fail to note the benefits in preventing blockages of such equipment as a household waste disposer under the sink. It prevents large scraps and other debris from entering the sewer pipe. Everything that goes down the drain after grinding has the consistency of liquid porridge, which is not capable of clogging the main line.
How to properly install a sewer system in a private house: stages of work
All work on arranging the sewer system of a private house is carried out in several stages. There is no need to perform them without interruption, which means that installation can be carried out in free time During a long time. However, according to professionals, such work rarely drags on - as soon as the arrangement begins, the home master tries to complete everything as quickly as possible. Let's look at the steps that need to be completed step by step. The algorithm of actions should be like this:
- We calculate the required volume of the septic tank;
- install and equip the tank;
- we lay a line from the septic tank to the house;
- We carry out internal wiring of sewer pipes and connect them into a system;
- We connect plumbing equipment.
By following this procedure and simple rules for carrying out work, you can be sure that the system will work flawlessly. Let's look at each step in more detail.
How to calculate the required volume of a septic tank for a private house
The calculation can be made empirically: to do this, you need to sum up the entire water consumption of the family living in the house. However, if the sewerage system is installed during the construction of a residential building, this method is unacceptable. Then you can take the average values recommended by SanPiN. However, it is much easier to use the specially designed calculator below:
Living in a private house, you want to create maximum comfort for your family, providing high level life, so it is very important to think about this in advance important issue like a sewer. You can do sewerage in a private house with your own hands. This article will help you complete all the work correctly, competently and without harm to the environment.
When you independently build a sewer system in a private house, you can save a lot, but it is very important to carry out all the work correctly, in accordance with all the requirements for construction and installation work of this kind.
The choice of sewer system scheme must be made in accordance with the layout specific house. When planning a house, it is recommended to provide for compact placement of premises for which water supply and drainage will be carried out (showers, bathrooms, laundries, bathrooms, etc.). But most the best option there will be such an arrangement in which all plumbing equipment will be tied to one pipe (collector), through which wastewater will flow into a cesspool or septic tank.
Experts advise, if available big house, which provides several various rooms with drainage and supply of water located in different parts building, give preference to a sewer system design that will have at least two (and sometimes more) cesspools or septic tanks. In addition, if your house has two or more floors, and bathrooms, toilets and kitchens are located on different floors, then in this case you will need to install risers.
Types of sewerage
All work on constructing a sewer system in a private house with your own hands comes down to the arrangement of external and internal sewage systems. Internal sewerage work includes installation of a drain pipe, riser and pipe distribution to rooms such as a shower room, kitchen, toilet, etc. External or external sewerage includes everything that is located outside the house, that is, a system of pipes running from home to deep cleaning station (quite expensive ready-made solution) or to a homemade septic tank (with a filtration field or storage). Of course, if you have the opportunity to connect to a centralized wastewater disposal system, the task will be greatly simplified. But in this article we will consider exactly autonomous system, including effective wastewater treatment in a septic tank, and such a primitive method as a cesspool.
First of all, it is necessary to deal internal circuit. Even at this stage, it is necessary to think about ensuring that all the rooms to which the sewerage system will be connected are located as close as possible to each other, since subsequently this approach will significantly simplify the arrangement of the internal sewerage system. Each house assumes individual scheme sewerage, which can be very diverse.
In this case, one should take into account the fact that in the toilet, pipes with a diameter of 100-110 mm must be used to drain wastewater. For gray waste that will flow into the sewer from the kitchen or bathroom, you should use PP or PVC pipes, having a diameter of 50 mm. All turns must be made using two plastic elbows bent at an angle of 45 degrees, as this will further minimize the possibility of clogging, which is quite problematic to remove. It is more reliable and cheaper to use polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polypropylene (PP) pipes in the sewerage system, as they are more durable, more reliable and cheaper than cast iron. And besides this, installing an internal sewage system using such pipes is much easier.
First of all, you need to decide where exactly the collector pipe or riser will be located, and only then do further wiring from it.
But before that, you should more accurately understand how you can independently develop a sewerage scheme for your home, because in the future, using this scheme, it will be possible to make a full calculation of everything (plumbing equipment and materials) that you will need to arrange a sewerage system.
You can make a sewerage diagram on a piece of checkered paper, but it is advisable to purchase several sheets of graph paper for this task. In addition, you will need a tape measure, a ruler and a sharp pencil.
For a private house, the sewerage diagram is drawn up in the following sequence:
- First you need to draw it to scale. If you don’t know the dimensions of the house, you will have to walk around with a tape measure and measure everything;
- Next, you need to decide where the risers will be located;
- after this, it is necessary to mark on the plan the locations of plumbing fixtures and decide how they will be connected;
- at the next stage, you need to mark the pipes that will go from the fittings and riser to the plumbing fixtures, as well as all connecting elements (tees, bends, etc.);
- everything listed above should be done for each floor of your house;
- then you need to decide on the dimensions of the fan pipe and riser;
- now all that remains is to sum up the length of all the pipes related to the internal sewage system;
- the next stage will be the external system, at which it is necessary to draw up a diagram of the external sewerage system, which includes pipes running from the deep treatment station or septic tank to the outlet. Do not forget to take into account all existing SNiPs.
Since the conditions inside and outside the house are very different, the pipes used for these two sewerage schemes are different. Currently, PP and PVC pipes, which have a characteristic grey colour. For sun loungers and risers, the diameter of such pipes is 110 mm, and for drainage - 40 and 50 mm. But do not forget that these pipes are intended only for internal sewerage, and for external sewerage it is necessary to use other solutions.
Most often, pipes that are laid underground from a deep treatment station or septic tank to discharge are painted in Orange color, which can be explained very simply - the bright orange color is more noticeable in the ground compared to the rest. But pipes for external sewerage differ from others not only in color - they are subject to completely different requirements. Such pipes have greater rigidity, since they will have to withstand significant loads while underground. There are more durable structures, an example of which would be double-layer corrugated pipes. But the depth of laying pipes when constructing a sewerage system for a private house is usually small (most often up to 2 meters), so there is no need to use such pipes. Red pipes most often have a diameter of 110 mm, this should be sufficient to drain wastewater from the house.
Cast iron
Advantages: able to withstand heavy loads, durable and strong.
Flaws: expensive, heavy and fragile, roughness may form on the inside due to corrosion, which can cause a blockage.
Polypropylene
Advantages: lightweight and flexible, making them most popular for indoor sewerage. Can withstand without problems high temperature Wastewater.
Flaws: If used as intended, there are no disadvantages.
Polyvinyl chloride
Advantages: similar to cast iron, inexpensive and lightweight. Most often used for external sewerage.
Flaws: They do not tolerate high temperatures of wastewater and are fragile (they do not bend, but crack).
Pipe laying
Probably the most labor-intensive process when constructing a private house with your own hands is the routing and laying of pipes. If you decide to do this work yourself, be sure to call someone for help, as this will affect not only the quality of the work, but also the speed. It is also recommended to first check the tightness of the system by flushing clean water, and only then, having made sure that all the seams are secure, you can begin full operation.
It was said earlier that the most simple option PP or PVC pipes will be used for sewerage. Currently on construction market There are a large number of offers for these products, so it will not be difficult for you to find revisions, tees, elbows and plastic pipes that are reliably and easily connected at the joints due to the presence rubber cuffs. If desired, all joints can be additionally treated with a special plumbing sealant. And in those places where labor passes through a wall or ceiling, it is recommended to install a sleeve.
It is also necessary to remember about the slope of the pipes. In accordance with SNiP, in a free-flow system, the angle of inclination of the pipe depends on its diameter. For example, for a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm it is necessary to create a slope of at least 3 cm per meter, and for a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm - at least 2 cm per meter. Do not forget about this, since you will need to place various points in the pipeline on different heights, to ensure the required slope.
In order not to encounter a discrepancy between internal and outdoor systems sewer system, it is necessary to begin the installation of sewerage in the house with the outlet. The outlet is the boundary part of the sewer system that connects the pipe leading to the septic tank with the pipe that leaves the house (riser).
The outlet must be installed through the foundation at a depth exceeding the soil freezing depth that corresponds to your region. You can install the outlet higher, but to do this you will need to insulate the pipe so that it does not freeze in winter. If this is not done, then there is a high probability that you will only be able to use the toilet in the spring, after the weather warms up.
If this is not taken care of, then you will need to punch a hole in the foundation that will accommodate the outlet pipe with the sleeve. A sleeve is a small piece of pipe whose diameter is larger than that of a sewer pipe (130-160 mm). Such a sleeve should protrude at least 15 cm on both sides of the foundation.
Summarizing the above, we can say that at this stage you need to make a hole in the foundation (if it is not there) and insert a sleeve with a pipe into it. Do not forget that the diameter of the outlet pipe must be no less than the diameter of the riser. And the sleeve is needed in order to set the required slope of the pipe towards the septic tank (2 cm per meter).
It is best to place the riser in the toilet, since the recommended size of the pipe that goes from the toilet to the riser is 100 mm. It can be mounted either openly or hidden, depending on how the pipes will be mounted - in special boxes, walls, channels and niches or next to walls (fastening with pendants, clamps, etc.).
In order to connect sewer pipes to the riser, oblique tees should be used, and adapters should be used at the joints of pipes that differ in diameter. Where pipes from sinks, bathtubs and showers intersect, it is necessary to install a collector pipe with a diameter of 100-110 mm. Also don't forget about water seals, which will help protect your sense of smell from unpleasant odors.
It is imperative to install a special tee (inspection) on each riser, with the help of which it will be possible, if necessary, to clear the blockage. In order to avoid having to carry out sewer cleaning work in the future, it is necessary to install cleaning after each turn.
The removal and installation of the vent pipe plays a very important role, since the vent pipe is needed for:
- maintenance within the system atmospheric pressure so that water hammer and air vacuum do not occur;
- increasing the durability of the sewer system;
- ventilation of the entire sewerage system, which in turn is necessary for the efficient operation of the septic tank.
A fan pipe is a continuation of the riser, that is, it is a pipe that is led to. Before connecting fan pipe and riser, it is necessary to install an audit. After this, you need to bring the pipe at a convenient angle into the attic.
It is not recommended to simplify the work by combining the drain pipe (sewer ventilation) with the chimney or ventilation of the house. Moreover, it is necessary to locate the exhaust pipe outlet away from windows and balconies, at a distance of at least 4 meters. The height of the indentation from the roof should not be less than 70 cm. In addition, it is necessary to place the sewerage ventilation, chimney and ventilation of the house at different levels.
To summarize all of the above, we can say the following:
- at the first stage, you should start drawing up a detailed wiring diagram, minimizing the distance from the plumbing fixtures to the riser as much as possible;
- it is necessary to increase the diameter of the pipes that go to the riser along the connection additional devices. The diameter should not be reduced;
- need to stick to simple rule: the larger the outlet of the device, the closer it should be to the riser. The toilet should be located closest to the riser;
- when installing sewerage in a private house, sharp corners should be excluded, and pipes should be laid with a certain slope;
- where blockages may form in the future, cleaning and inspection must be provided in advance;
- To ventilate the system, a fan pipe must be present in the wiring diagram.
You can equip a sewer system in a private house with your own hands in different ways, which will be discussed below. It is very important to choose the right system that will satisfy all your needs.
It is necessary to select a scheme for arranging a sewerage system taking into account certain parameters:
- temporary or permanent residence in the house;
- the number of people living in the house permanently;
- how much water each person uses daily (depending on the availability of a washing machine, washbasin, sink, toilet, shower, bath, etc.);
- at what level does groundwater lie?
- what size is your site and how much space can be allocated for treatment facilities;
- what type and structure of soil;
- climatic conditions.
To get more detailed information, you should study all relevant sections of SNiP and SanPin.
All sewer systems for a private home can be divided into two types:
- storage systems (sealed container for wastewater, cesspool without a bottom);
- structures designed for wastewater treatment (aeration tank - a septic tank with a constant air supply, a septic tank with a biofilter, a septic tank with two or three chambers and a filtration field, a septic tank with two overflowing wells and natural purification, a simple single-chamber septic tank with soil purification).
A cesspool is the most ancient and centuries-tested method of arranging a sewer system. This method had no alternative 50-70 years ago. It is true that in those days people did not use as much water in a private home as they do now.
In essence, a cesspool is a well that has no bottom. In the cesspool, you can make walls from concrete, concrete rings, bricks or other material, and leave soil as the bottom. After wastewater from the house enters the pit, relatively clean water will, being purified, seep into the soil, and solid organic waste and fecal matter will accumulate, settling to the bottom. When over time the well becomes completely filled with solid waste, it will need to be cleaned.
Previously, waterproof walls were not made in the cesspool, so when it was full, it was buried, and another was dug up in another place.
It should be noted that it is possible to install a sewer system in a private house using a cesspool only when the volume of average daily waste does not exceed one cubic meter. Only in this case will soil microorganisms living in the soil and feeding on organic matter be able to process the water that will penetrate through the bottom of the pit into the soil. And if the volume of wastewater exceeds this norm, the water will not receive the necessary purification, which will lead to groundwater contamination. If this happens, then all water sources within a radius of 50 meters will be contaminated. If you add microorganisms to the cesspool, this will slightly reduce the unpleasant odor that comes from it, and will also speed up the process of water purification. But it's still not worth the risk.
Conclusion. It is worth building a cesspool that does not have a bottom only when people do not live in the house permanently, but visit it several times a week, without using a lot of water. Also, it is worth paying attention to the fact that groundwater must lie at least one meter below the bottom of the pit, otherwise you will not be able to avoid contamination of water sources and soil. The cesspool has the lowest cost, but even despite this, it is currently not popular in cottages and modern country houses.
In this case, it is necessary to install a sealed container near the house into which wastewater will flow from the entire house through pipes. You can purchase a ready-made container in the store, which can be made of metal, plastic or other material. But if you wish, you can make such a container with your own hands from concrete rings. The lid can be made of metal, and the bottom can be made of concrete. The main condition for the construction of a sewer system of this type is complete tightness. For this type of sewerage, you can use pragma corrugated pipes.
Such a container will definitely need to be cleaned when it is completely filled, for which you will have to call a sewer truck, which will cost you from 15 to 30 USD. The required volume of the tank and the frequency of emptying it depend on the volume of wastewater. For example, if four people permanently live in a house and use a washing machine, toilet, sink, shower and bathtub, then the storage tank must have a volume of at least 8 cubic meters, and it will need to be cleaned every 10-14 days.
Conclusion. If the groundwater in your area is quite high, then as an option for arranging a sewage system at home, you can use a sealed cesspool. With its help, you can completely protect water sources and soil from possible contamination. But the downside of such a system is that you will need to call the sewer truck quite often. For the same reason, it is necessary to think in advance about the place where the pit will be placed so that there is convenient access to it. The bottom of the container or pit should not be deeper than three meters from the soil surface, otherwise the hose will not be able to reach the bottom. The lid of the storage tank must be insulated so that the pipeline is protected from freezing. The cost of such a container will directly depend on its volume and the material from which it will be made. Using used Eurocubes will be the cheapest option, and the most expensive is brick or concrete pouring. Also, do not forget about monthly expenses to clean the container.
The simplest option for soil cleaning is a single-chamber septic tank
A single-chamber septic tank is not very different from a regular cesspool, and sometimes it is called that. This structure is essentially a well, in which the bottom is covered with a small layer of crushed stone (at least 30 cm), and coarse sand is covered with the same layer on top of the crushed stone. In this case, wastewater from the house flows through pipes into the well, where the water then seeps through sand, crushed stone and soil, being purified by 50%. Of course, crushed stone and sand significantly improve the quality of water purification, but this does not fundamentally solve the problem.
Conclusion. It is not recommended to build a sewer system in a private house using a single-chamber septic tank if people live in the house permanently or if there is a large volume of wastewater. This option can only be used with low groundwater levels and temporary residence. It will also be necessary to periodically change crushed stone and sand, as they will silt.
The construction of filter wells and overflow settling wells is a fairly popular way of arranging a sewer system in a private home; moreover, this option is quite economical and can be installed independently.
This sewer system consists of two wells: the first well has a sealed bottom, and the second has no bottom, but is sprinkled with crushed stone and sand.
From the house, wastewater flows into the first well, in which feces and solid waste sink to the bottom, and fatty waste floats to the surface. Between these two layers, relatively clear water is formed. The first well is connected to the second at about 2/3 of its height by an overflow pipe, which is located at a slight slope, allowing water to flow there freely. The second well receives slightly clarified water, which then seeps through sand, crushed stone and soil, purifying itself even more.
The first well serves as a sump, and the second - a filter well. From time to time, the first well will fill with feces and you will need to call a sewer truck to clean it out. This needs to be done approximately once every six months. In order to reduce the amount of unpleasant odors, you need to add microorganisms that decompose feces to the first well.
The two-chamber one described above can be made with your own hands from brick, concrete or concrete rings, or you can purchase a ready-made plastic septic tank from the manufacturer, in which additional cleaning will be carried out using special microorganisms.
Conclusion. It is worth installing a sewerage system based on two overflow wells in a private house only when, even during a flood, the groundwater level is below one meter from the bottom of the second well. If your site has sandy loam or sandy soil, then this will ideal option. But remember that after about five years, the sand and crushed stone in the second well will need to be replaced.
Soil and biological treatment - septic tank with filtration field
This type of septic tank is made in the form of one container, which is divided into several separate containers connected by pipes, or into 2-3 sections. Usually, if you want to install this type of sewer system, you purchase a ready-made version.
The first container of the septic tank is designed to settle wastewater, as happens in a conventional settling well. Next, the partially clarified water goes through the pipe into the second section or container, where all existing organic residues are decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. After this, the more clarified water flows to the filtration fields.
The filtration field is a fairly large (about 30 sq.m.) underground area where wastewater undergoes soil treatment. In this case, the water is purified by approximately 80%, due to the large area. If the soil on your site is sandy loam or sandy, then this will be an ideal option, but otherwise you will need to build an artificial filtration field from sand and crushed stone. After the water passes through the filtration field, it is collected in pipelines and sent to wells or drainage ditches. It is not allowed to plant edible vegetables and trees above the filtration field; you can only make a flower bed.
Over time, the filtration field will become silted and will need to be cleaned, or rather replaced with sand and crushed stone. This is a very large amount of work, and your site may suffer.
Conclusion. The construction of a sewer system with a filtration field in a private house is recommended only when the groundwater is at a depth of at least 2.5-3 meters. You also need to remember that there must be a distance of at least 30 meters from the filtration field to residential buildings and water sources.
With the help of a deep cleaning station, you can carry out a complete installation of sewerage in a private house, even with a fairly high groundwater level.
This station is a container that is divided into 3-4 sections. It is best to purchase it from a trusted manufacturer, checking with professionals in advance about the necessary equipment and volume. The cost of such a septic tank starts from 1200 USD, which is not cheap at all.
The first chamber of this septic tank is designed to settle water, and in the second, organic residues are decomposed with the help of anaerobic microorganisms. In the third chamber, water is separated, and in the fourth, organic matter is decomposed with the help of aerobic bacteria, which necessarily require a constant flow of air. To ensure this condition, a pipe is mounted above the chamber, which should rise 50 cm above the ground. A filter is installed in the pipe that leads from the third chamber to the fourth, into which aerobic bacteria are added. In fact, this is a filtration field, but it is concentrated and more miniature. Due to the higher concentration of microorganisms and small area water movement, water purification occurs more thoroughly (up to 90-95%). Water purified in this way can be used for washing a car, watering a garden and much more. A pipe comes from the fourth chamber, which is directed either to a drainage ditch or to a storage tank.
Conclusion. For a private house where people live permanently, a septic tank with a biofilter is great solution. Adding microorganisms to the septic tank is very simple - you just need to pour them into the toilet. Such a cleaning station has no restrictions. Its advantages include the fact that it does not require electricity to operate. The disadvantage is the fact that this station requires permanent residence, since bacteria deprived of wastewater will simply die. If you add new bacteria there, they will start working only after two weeks.
Artificial treatment station - a septic tank with forced air supply
This is practically an accelerated cleaning station in which natural processes occur artificially. Arranging the sewer system of a private house using an aeration tank is not possible without supplying electricity to the septic tank, which is necessary to connect the air distributor and air pump.
This septic tank has three separate containers or chambers that are connected to each other. Water by sewer pipe first enters the first chamber, in which it settles and precipitates solid waste. Next, the partially clarified water is pumped into the second chamber, which is essentially an aeration tank, where activated sludge, consisting of plants and microorganisms, is mixed with water. All activated sludge bacteria and microorganisms are aerobic, therefore forced aeration is necessary for their vital activity.
Then the water mixed with sludge enters the third chamber, which is a deep cleaning sump, after which the sludge is pumped back into the aeration tank by a special pump.
Thanks to the forced air supply, wastewater treatment occurs quite quickly, and the purified water can be used for various technical needs (watering the garden, washing the car, etc.).
Conclusion. The aeration tank is, of course, quite expensive (from 3700 USD), but at the same time very useful. Installation restrictions of this type There are no sewers. Among the disadvantages, we can note only the need for electricity, as well as permanent residence so that bacteria do not die.
If your site has a high groundwater level, then drawing a conclusion from everything written above, you can choose several options:
- aeration tank (aeration treatment station);
- septic tank with biofilter;
- an airtight container in which waste accumulates.
There are certain restrictions on the placement of sewerage system facilities.
Septic tank location:
- at least 10 meters from the garden;
- at least 20-50 meters from any water sources (pond, well, well);
- at least 5 meters from residential buildings.
Residential building location:
- 300 meters from stations and drainage wells;
- 50 meters from aeration treatment plants;
- 25 meters from the filter field;
- 8 meters from the filter well.
Be sure to make a design for the sewerage system of a private house and do not try to do everything without it, since sewerage is a system in which there can be no approximation. It is best to contact architects or a design office, where professionals will help you create a competent project, taking into account operating conditions, climate, site and soil. It’s even better if you do a sewerage project together with a house project, even before construction begins.
The work itself on installing a sewerage system for a private home is not particularly difficult. You just need to correctly route the pipes around the house, connect them to the collector and lead them to the septic tank. For earthworks You can hire an excavator, or you can do them yourself. The main thing is to draw up a project and competently select a sewerage system.
How to create a sewer system in a private house. External and internal sewerage. Selection of materials and location of sewerage. Installation of pipes and sewer drains.
When building a mansion, the sewage system in a private house should play an important role. After all, the comfort of living and the availability of repair work sewerage in the future.
Stages of laying a sewer system. Materials for creating sewerage. Internal and external sewerage, what are the differences between them. Choosing a location. Arrangement options. Selection necessary pipes. Tips and recommendations for reliable installation.
Types of waste systems
When constructing a new building, sewerage is an integral part. WITH modern materials and quantity useful information Finding out on the Internet how to correctly design a sewerage system in a private house with your own hands will not be a problem.
By following simple requirements, you can easily install the waste system yourself, since you do not have to use outdated, bulky materials.
Since the old grandfather's toilet has lost its relevance, especially in the cold season, three main types of waste systems are currently in use:
- A system connected to a collective or city sewer;
- Stationary waste collection point;
- Sealed tank;
- Stationary sewer well without bottom;
- Biosewage installation diagram.
The principles of installing a pipe system in the house and up to the collector are almost the same for all types. It is convenient to make all the wiring around the house from PVC, and it is more rational to make the connection to the collection point with a HDPE pipe technical purposes, since its length allows a dockless method. The main branch connected to the toilet is laid with a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm, all other standard water points (sink, washing machine, shower) are connected to common system pipes of 50 diameter.
The only requirement is an angle of 2-3° in horizontal sections to ensure optimal water flow.
U sewer PVC pipes have their advantages and disadvantages when installing a waste system:
- An easy way to connect. The entire circuit is assembled like a construction kit, pipes and components are simply inserted into each other;
- The materials are light in weight compared even to HDPE materials;
- A simple method of fastening, including on a vertical surface;
- The only drawback is maximum length freely accessible 6 m.
Do-it-yourself sewerage diagram in a private house
Do-it-yourself installation of a sewerage system in a private house is possible for all types of sewerage, except biosewage. To implement this option, it is recommended to contact specialists. All others can be installed independently, but when connecting to a central system, a package of permitting documents will be required.
Where to start
The first point is to select the type of collection point. The most profitable is connecting to the general city branch. The user makes a one-time investment in installation and required materials and pays a symbolic amount monthly for services. This option is not always feasible for suburban construction, but there is an alternative.
Stationary sewerage scheme for a private house: depth of laying the pipe to the tank
The reservoir can be made of different materials.
It could be:
- Metal or plastic tank;
- Concrete structure;
- Concrete rings installed on a concrete base.
This method is acceptable even if there is a water well on the site, since liquid waste with good waterproofing does not penetrate into the soil. The only drawback is waste Money for the services of vacuum cleaners. A septic tank, as a rule, is installed at a depth of 1.5-2 m. It is strongly recommended that the pipeline be laid below the freezing level of the soil, which can be determined using a special map.
Expert opinion
Filimonov Evgeniy
Ask a question to an expertDepending on the number of water collection points, the working volume of the container is selected, but it should be taken into account that the standard volume of a sewer truck is 3 m3, that is, the volume of your container must be a multiple of this figure.
For example, if the tank volume is 5 m3, you will either overpay for the services of a second machine, or 2 m3 of working volume will be filled once and become useless.
In the case of a standard family of 4 people, with periodic washing, showering, and washing dishes, a container with a volume of 3 m3 is filled on average in two weeks.
Option with leaky waste collection point
When implementing this type of sewage system, the location of the waste collection point is very important. Minimum distance from the house and outbuildings to the cesspool is 6-10 m. Otherwise, liquid waste washes out the soil and sand cushion foundation.
Execution options:
- Concrete rings installed on a drainage pad;
- Brick version of the cesspool;
- Metal or plastic barrels with holes.
Expert opinion
Filimonov Evgeniy
Professional builder. 20 years of experience
Ask a question to an expertNote! When using barrels, the base is laid out with gravel, since the weight of the poured soil will press the container into loose soil.
When laying a sewer system in a private house, it is recommended to make the ditch with a slope exceeding an angle of 2-3° for a more efficient process. The depth of the ditch for each case is different, depending on the size of the site and its location relative to the access roads.
Basic principles of sewer pipeline construction
Depending on the number of communication drainage points, a diagram of the internal arrangement of pipes is drawn up. For convenience, the diagram is drawn on graph paper. In the case of constructing a two-story building, in order to save materials, it is recommended to locate bathrooms and secondary drain points as close to the collector as possible. The main collector is mounted along one vertical line on all planned floors, all subsequent parts of the system are connected in series to the main line.
The technology for assembling PVC materials is very simple, since any pipe can be shortened to the right size. Also each node with closed system It is recommended to be equipped with an emergency adapter in case of blockage, or an adapter of a larger diameter.
It is recommended to connect nodes located in closed walls using sealant. It is recommended to avoid 90° angles, this reduces the risk of clogging.
Operating principle of a water seal
The water valve prevents the penetration of unpleasant odors from the sewer into the room. Its device has the same design, the only differences are in size. The water serves as a kind of plug.
Expert opinion
Filimonov Evgeniy
Professional builder. 20 years of experience
Ask a question to an expertNote! In the event of a long period of inactivity without operation, the water evaporates and the water seal loses its functional qualities.
Vacuum valves and drain pipe
These two concepts are unknown to most people outside the plumbing profession. The purpose of these two elements is to prevent air discharge in the system when draining a large amount of water or during the operation of vacuum cleaners, at the time of pumping waste from the storage tank.
Undoubtedly, installing a sewer system is the simplest stage of construction compared to electricity or building walls, but there are many pitfalls at this stage.
Here is a list of some of them:
- When purchasing pipes and components, check availability rubber gasket in the bell. She often gets lost;
- It is strongly not recommended to connect the drain pipe to the ventilation system;
- In the case of a standard set of water consumption points (one toilet, two sinks, washing machine, shower), it is not necessary to install a drain pipe; you can limit yourself to a vacuum valve;
- When laying PVC pipes in a ditch, carefully monitor the joints, as the joints are unstable;
- It is strongly recommended to install an emergency drain for cleaning the sewer. It is installed as close as possible to the point where the pipe enters the house, in an accessible place.
Compared to other stages of construction, sewerage is the easiest to install, with the exception of biosewage. Consult with specialists or select specialized literature, as rash actions can destroy bacteria present in the storage tank. For example, from a bleach-based toilet cleaner, bacteria will take a week to recover.
In order to stay in country house was as comfortable as possible, main communications in the form of sewerage and water supply must be carried out.
Of course, sewerage in a private house with your own hands is possible without any problems.
If you do not live in a house outside the city on a permanent basis, then there is no need to purchase expensive equipment. You can easily get by with a septic tank.
Importance of sewerage
Very often in practice, the function of collecting waste is assigned to a cesspool. In the event that there is no plumbing system, the use of this option is quite logical, however, in the case of a large volume of drained water and the installation of various plumbing fixtures, this will certainly not be enough.
In principle, absolutely anyone can install sewerage into a house, and it is only important to follow at all stages the project, which was developed in advance and included various schemes for internal and external piping.
DIY sewerage diagram inside a country house
First of all, these are all the places where plumbing fixtures are connected, such as a sink, toilet, as well as a bathtub or shower.
The external network is all the pipes that drain wastewater from the house and the storage or treatment plant. Of course, the device proper sewerage– this is the correct execution of a huge number of different nuances.
After the project has been prepared, you can proceed to calculating the size of the pipes, the number required material which may be needed for work, as well as the choice of sewer collector.
As soon as you have a diagram of how each point from the system will be located, you can purchase the material that will be needed in the future and proceed to installation.
First of all, if you do not know how to make a sewer, then the main riser must be installed. To ensure that all gases are removed, a small part from above is slightly noticeable above the existing level near the roof, or the second option is to be removed to the top at the end of the work.
Types of pipes
From PVC material. The main advantage of this type of pipe is that the material is absolutely not susceptible to overgrowing or unwanted corrosion.
Their internal surface is quite smooth, which allows the unhindered passage of waste. Installation is most often performed using the socket method. The price of such pipes allows everyone to buy them.
Cast iron pipes are a durable and always reliable option, but due to their sufficient heavy weight, their installation is quite difficult. Also, the price for such pipes is much higher than for ordinary plastic ones, to which everyone is almost accustomed.
You can look at the photo of the sewer system at the dacha, and you will see that, in principle, external difference There is practically no difference between these two options. Then why overpay?
Ceramic pipes stand out from the rest with their amazing characteristics, but not everyone can afford their cost, so they are chosen less and less every year.
Once the installation of the main riser is completed, next stage- This is the laying of horizontal pipelines. During installation, it is very important to avoid various 90-degree turns, as this will only interfere with the movement of drains.
If you are interested in sewerage from concrete rings, then keep in mind that this is not only a fairly expensive option, but also extremely difficult to install.
It will be enough that all plumbing fixtures include siphons with an additional water seal. This will act as an obstacle to the penetration of various unwanted odors into the room.
Note!
An important condition when connecting the pipe from the toilet is that the diameter of the pipe should not be less than 10 cm.
A septic tank made of reinforced concrete has quite a lot of rings various advantages. For example, this option is one of the most affordable, but at the same time completely unpretentious during use.
However, speaking of the disadvantages, one cannot fail to note the mandatory cleaning of the chamber from solid waste using sewage disposal equipment.
DIY sewer photo
Note!
