Every owner of a country house strives to organize comfort in his home. An open or closed fireplace creates a special atmosphere, which will have a calming effect and warm you in the cold months. In order to make the heat source safe and efficient, you can build a corner fireplace stove with your own hands. This will require drawings of such a structure and bricklaying skills.

What is a fireplace stove, its advantages and disadvantages

A fireplace stove is a unit or capital structure made of fire resistant materials, which accumulates heat from the source of flame in the combustion chamber.

These structures are most often used as sources of heat and comfortable interior elements in dachas, country houses and private households.

Fireplace stoves have a number of advantages and disadvantages, which are expressed in the following criteria:

Table: advantages and disadvantages of fireplace stoves

Advantages

Flaws

the design of the wall structure is designed to heat rooms up to 100 m², which makes it universal for construction in both country houses and country households; the angular design allows you to save usable space, and the shifted symmetry of the shape makes it possible to choose the best option; has a high efficiency, since heating is carried out not only as a result of convection of hot flows, but also as a result of thermal radiation. This design property allows you to raise the temperature inside the rooms from 0 ° C to +25 ° C over a period of time from 60 to 120 minutes. a fireplace stove erected in the corner of a room can heat several rooms.

if the design of the fireplace stove is not equipped with a fuel chamber door, then the heat is not retained inside, and the walls quickly cool down; high cost of construction; For self-construction Special knowledge and skills in construction will be required.

Design features and principle of operation

The design of the fireplace stove consists of two main elements - the combustion chamber and the chimney system. The degree of efficiency and productivity of the heating structure depends on how accurately the ratios of their parameters are calculated.

The operating principle of the fireplace stove is that the flame in the combustion chamber burns when the chimney is open (at the upper end). Smoke removal is carried out under the influence of draft, the power of which depends on the length of the pipe. Effective heat radiation occurs during combustion of the combustion material, but as it burns, the heating is significantly reduced. To increase heat transfer, the fireplace stove is equipped with a convection chamber. This modernization allows air to circulate from the room into it, and heated air back.

Like any permanent structure, the fireplace stove has a solid base.

In order to fire safety The structure is equipped with a flood platform. It is placed on the floor in front of the fireplace. For this purpose, non-combustible materials are used - metal, stone, fire-resistant brick or tile.

In accordance with fire safety standards, such a platform should be made 30–35 cm wider than the perimeter of the fireplace stove.

Above the platform there is an ash pan cavity and a fuel chamber. The space between these compartments is equipped with a grate. This increases the efficiency of the heating structure, since a place is created under the burning combustion material to dump the burned material.

Designs with a closed combustion chamber are equipped with a special blower, thanks to which you can change the heat power inside the fireplace stove. This makes it possible to extend the burning time, thereby saving fuel material.

All surfaces of the fireplace stove that come into contact with an open flame are lined with fire-resistant materials. This is necessary, since the temperature in these areas of the fireplace reaches and sometimes exceeds + 1000 °C.

To enhance heat radiation, the back wall of the fireplace stove is equipped with sheets of stainless steel or cast iron. For greater heat transfer, the rear wall of the combustion chamber is built at an angle forward. Thanks to this, heat flows are directed towards the platform, additionally heating the floors.

A smoke collection chamber (hilo) is installed above the combustion chamber. She has irregular shape, resembling a truncated pyramid, in the front of which there is a special barrier. This barrier prevents cold air currents from mixing with combustion products and also prevents smoke from entering the room.

The rear wall of the smoke collection chamber is equipped with a special protrusion (fireplace tooth), which keeps accumulated gas from entering the room.

The fireplace tooth prevents soot from falling into the combustion chamber. To clean this area of ​​the fireplace stove, a door is installed near it.

The smoke collection compartment (hilo) and the chimney system are separated by a metal valve. This element serves to block the path of warm flows from the room to the outside after the wood has burned out. The valve is also used to adjust draft.

The chimney system pipe is built according to the same principle as in other heating structures. To ensure good traction, its height must be at least 500 cm from the base of the combustion chamber.

Calculation of basic parameters

The efficiency of a fireplace stove depends on the correctness of the parameters of all its elements. A discrepancy in the calculations will lead to a significant reduction in heat transfer or some of the smoke from the combustion chamber will escape into the room. Therefore, to build correct design stove-fireplace, the following rules must be observed:

1. The size of the combustion chamber window should not be more than 2–3% of the area of ​​the heated room.
2. To determine the area of ​​the bottom surface, it is necessary to multiply the quadrature of the combustion chamber window by 0.7.
3. It is recommended to make the width of the combustion chamber in the range from 20 to 40% greater than its height.
4. To calculate the depth of the combustion chamber, you need to multiply its height parameter by 0.7.
5. It is recommended to make the diameter or cross-section of the chimney pipe at least 10% of the square footage of the firebox window. At the same time, it is not recommended to make its channel smaller: 150x280 mm for brick construction, with a diameter of 160 mm - for a pipe.
6. The chimney pipe must be laid out so that it is conical in shape.

In order not to make mistakes in calculations, you can use ready-made tables and projects of such structures.

Calculation of bricks

To obtain an accurate calculation of bricks, you must use ready-made diagrams order. The amount of building material depends on the specific design of the fireplace stove. In the proposed schemes, half or smaller shares of the material should be counted as whole bricks. In this case, their total number must be multiplied by 1.2.

The resulting value will make it possible to purchase material with a small margin. This is necessary, since the bricks may be damaged during transportation or unloading, and some of them may be defective.

For the construction of a fireplace stove built according to the scheme indicated below, about 360 pieces of red brick and about 60 pieces of fireclay will be required.

Calculation of foundation and mortar for masonry

When calculating the mortar for masonry, you should be guided by the fact that with a layer thickness of 3 mm, you will need one bucket of the mixture for 50 bricks.

Knowing the parameters of the material used, it is easy to calculate how much concrete and sand will be required to install the slab base.

The foundation for a corner fireplace stove will have the shape of a cylinder sector, the angle of which is 45 degrees.

To calculate the volume of concrete of this shape, you need to remember the school geometry course, namely the formula for finding the volume of a cylinder, which looks like this: V = πR²h, where π is a mathematical constant expressing the ratio of the circumference to the length of the diameter, equal to 3.14, R is the radius, h is the height of the figure.

The length of each side right angle the figures can be easily calculated if you know the parameters of the brick.

According to the diagram of the laying of the rows of the stove-fireplace, it is clear that these sides have 3 lengths of the bed side of the brick and one length of the butt side. In an example, it looks like this: 0.25+0.25+0.25+0.12=0.87 m. The foundation for the fireplace stove must be made on each side 10 cm larger than the structure itself: 0.87 + 0.1 = 0.97 m.

For example, the height of the foundation will be 10 cm.

Now you need to substitute the values ​​into the formula to find the volume of the cylinder. The result obtained must be divided by 4, since the sector of the cylinder has its fourth part. The formula will be: V=(π·R²·h):4. Let's substitute the values: 3.14·0.97²·0.1=3.14·0.94·0.1=0.295:4=0.073 m³ of concrete mixture will be required to fill a foundation of this shape.

Video: corner brick fireplace

Required materials and tools

To build a fireplace stove, you do not need any special equipment. All the tools necessary for this can be found at every owner:

1. Bayonet and shovel.
2. Big crowbar.
3. Manual a circular saw.
4. Hacksaw.
5. Building level.
6. Yardstick.
7. Plumb.
8. Large square.
9. Rule for leveling a concrete base.
10. Containers for water and masonry mixture.
11. Deep vibrator.
12. Trowel.
13. Mallet with a rubber striker.
14. Pliers.
15. Hammer.

To fill the foundation you will need following materials:

1. Material for waterproofing. You can use roofing felt or thick polyethylene.
2. For the manufacture of reinforcing bars - reinforcing bars with a cross section of 0.8 cm.
3. Sand.
4. Fine-grained (from 20 to 30 mm) crushed stone or large granite screenings.
5. For the manufacture of formwork - edged boards, plywood or OSB boards.
6. Concrete mixture grade M 300 or M 400.
7. Nails and screws for strengthening formwork.
8. Wire or plastic clamps for fastening reinforcing bars.
9. Fireclay brick of SHA brand 8 standard parameters.
10. Red refractory brick grade M 150 in regular sizes.
11. Facing material.
12. Cement.
13. Clay.
14. Metal corners made of steel with a shelf width of 50x50 or 60x60 mm.
15. Metal gate valve.
16. Insulating heat-resistant material made of asbestos or basalt.

Convenient to use as a masonry mixture ready material from hardware stores. Such mixtures are specialized for the construction of such structures.

Preparatory work, choosing a location

For a fireplace stove of this shape, there are not many places for installation. However, even from the four corners it is necessary to choose the correct location.

Best suited for fireplace stove a large room or a hall with an area of ​​at least 20 m², since a large volume of air is required for its full operation.

Furnace specialists recommend building corner fireplace stoves near interior walls rooms. This is due to the fact that the fireplace, with this arrangement, does not lose its heating capacity, and problems with the operation of the chimney system are also eliminated.

It should be noted that the fireplace stove should not be installed near doors and windows, since strong air currents arise between the combustion chamber and the opening, which can lead to loss of heat radiation or a fire.

If the fireplace stove is equipped with a combustion chamber closed type, then the draft inside the structure will be constant regardless of location.

Do-it-yourself stove-fireplace: step-by-step instructions

It is most convenient to lay the foundation for a fireplace stove at the pouring stage strip foundation for home. If the house has already been built, then the installation of the foundation will be preceded by the dismantling of the floor covering.

It should be noted that concrete base for heating structures cannot be connected to the foundation of a residential building. Between the bases it is necessary to leave a distance of 50 to 100 mm. If this is neglected, the massive structure of the house will shrink over time. As a result, the elements of the fireplace stove will shift or become deformed, forming cracks and gaps. The integrity of the structure will be compromised, which will affect its functionality and performance.

Laying the foundation

To lay the foundation, you must perform the following steps:

1. Make markings indoors at the future location of the fireplace stove. To do this, you need to mark the dimensions of the foundation on the wall with a marker.
2. Disassemble flooring. Using a plumb line and a building level, extend the marking downwards.
3. Do not remove the wooden logs at this stage until the foundation of the fireplace stove is brought to their level.
4. Using the same tools and marks on the wall, determine the exact location of the base on the floor of the basement level of the house.
5. Using a crowbar and shovels, dismantle the floor down to the foundation of the house.
6. Dig a pit with a depth equal to the base of the house and a width 10–15 cm larger than the structure of the stove-fireplace. If the construction site is dominated by sandy or sandy loam soil, the walls of the pit may crumble. To avoid this, you need to cover them with polyethylene.
7. Level and thoroughly compact the bottom of the hole.
8. Pour sand to obtain a layer thickness of 10 cm. Please note that wet sand compresses better.
9. Place the same layer of gravel on top of the sand cushion.
10. From boards or plywood sheets make formwork for pouring the foundation.
11. Drive one into each corner of the pit. wooden block. The formwork panels will be attached to them. If the formwork is made of boards, then there will be gaps between them, through which the earth will spill out. To avoid this problem, you need to wrap the finished shield in polyethylene.
12. Use roofing felt or thick polyethylene to make waterproofing.
13. Make a reinforcing frame for a concrete base from reinforcing bars with a cross-section of 0.8 cm. Make the width of its cells no more than 10x10 cm. Secure the intersections of the metal rods using wire, electric welding or plastic clamps. All metal structure should not lie on waterproofing. Therefore, it can be placed on halves or fragments of bricks.
14. Fill concrete mixture grade M300 or M 400 inside the formwork. Using a deep vibrator, remove air bubbles from the uncured base. Liquid concrete should completely cover the protruding parts of the reinforcement cage.
15. Cover the foundation with waterproofing material. This will allow the concrete to harden evenly. After 3-4 weeks the base will completely harden.
16. Now you need to saw off the wooden floor joists. Their ends will be located on the foundation of the fireplace stove.
17. The base is ready for laying brick rows.

Preparation of masonry mixture

Construction stores are replete with a variety of solutions and heat-resistant mixtures for laying stoves, fireplaces and other heating structures. However, experienced stove specialists recommend resorting to an old and proven method - using a clay solution for this purpose. To do this, it is necessary to use fatty grades of clay, the best of which is blue clay.

When dry, blue clay does not crack.

The material is pre-soaked in water for a couple of days. During this time the clay becomes viscous. Its consistency will resemble liquid cottage cheese with lumps. To ensure that the material has a uniform structure, it is filtered through a large sieve, kneading the lumps.

Prepared clay will allow you to make masonry joint thickness from 3 to 5 mm.

To obtain a solution, you need to add sand to the clay. To do this, it is recommended to use coarse river sand, which is added before starting brickwork.

To determine the quality of the resulting solution and the correct proportions, the material is rolled into a ball the size of a medium-sized apple. Then it is placed between two planks, and they are slowly squeezed. During this process, watch for the appearance of cracks in the clay:

• if they appear immediately after squeezing, this indicates a large amount of sand in the solution;
• if the ball is compressed to half its height, and no cracks appear, this indicates a lack of sand;
• the proportions of sand and clay are considered ideal if cracks appear when the ball is compressed by 1/3.

Step-by-step instructions: features of brickwork

In order not to get confused in the rows of masonry, even experienced stove makers do it first without mortar. It would be useful to print out the order diagram.

Before starting brickwork, it is necessary to cover the concrete base with waterproofing, and only after that they begin to build the fireplace stove. This process consists of several stages:

1. It should be noted that the first rows must be made perfectly even, as they will become the basis for the entire structure. As shown in the diagram, they are laid out in a continuous layer. Using a square, plumb line and building level- achieve strict perpendicularity. Before laying, bricks must be soaked in water for 1.5 - 2 hours.
2. The second and third rows form a storage area for heating material. This niche is covered with two rows of bricks with a small (up to 3 cm) overlap of upper masonry on the front side of the fireplace stove.
3. Starting from the fifth row, lay out the base of the fuel chamber. To do this, use fireclay bricks. The depth of the chamber will be 460 mm. The size of the fireplace stove is (630x490 mm).
4. From the sixth to the eighth row, build up the walls of the fireplace stove with the back side of the firebox tilted. That tilt will form a stone tooth in the future. At this stage you will need a hand-held circular saw with stone cutting circles. The ordering diagram shows incomplete or sawn-down bricks.
5. From the ninth to the eleventh row, build up the walls of the fireplace stove in accordance with the diagram.
6. In the twelfth row, lay two steel corners 60 cm long. The shelves of the corners must be placed inside the chamber, horizontal to its base.
7. The thirteenth and fourteenth rows form the front overlap of the firebox window. Bricks must be laid on the tray side, while the fireclay material should be placed with inside combustion chamber.
8. The fifteenth row forms the transition from the firebox to the chimney system. At this stage, the smoke tooth is formed and the back wall is built.
9. The sixteenth and seventeenth rows form the shelf of the fireplace stove, so the bricks must be laid with an outer shift.
10. From the eighteenth to the twentieth row, the design provides for narrowing. At this step, a smoke collection chamber is formed.
11. From the twenty-first to the twenty-fourth row a chimney is laid out.
12. From twenty-fifth to twenty-seventh - an increase in the transition section of the chimney. At this stage, a metal valve is installed.
13. Subsequent orders determine the height of the chimney.

Features of chimney installation

The inner surface of the chimney pipe is a straight channel, but its outer part has design features.

At the intersection of the floor beam, the chimney has an expansion. This design element is important because it reduces the temperature of the outlet streams. As a result, there is no need to make additional thermal insulation in this place.

At the level of the intersection of the roof, the chimney has an extension. This feature protects brickwork from harmful effects atmospheric precipitation.

The smoke channel is also protected in the form of a metal cap. It is recommended to equip the chimney with a spark arrester.

Features of operation

When operating a fireplace stove, you should adhere to the following basic rules:

1. Before lighting the fireplace stove, you need to make sure there is draft. To do this, you need to pull out the metal bolt. If there is no draft or it goes in the opposite direction, this is a sign of clogging of the grate, air supply holes or the entire chimney system.
2. If the fireplace stove has not been used for a long time, then before lighting it, you need to remove the cold air lock in the chimney system. To do this, you need to light paper or a bunch of straw near the gas channel. After some time, cravings will appear. After this you can use the fireplace.
3. It is better to use aspen, birch, oak, beech or hornbeam firewood as fuel material. Especially valuable aspen firewood, since when they are burned the amount of soot is reduced to a minimum. The smoke of this type of wood is capable of cleaning the chimney channels from soot. Furnace specialists advise using aspen firewood for every tenth kindling.
4. Coniferous wood contains resins, so it is convenient to use shavings, wood chips, as well as spruce and pine cones for kindling.
5. It is not advisable to put a lot of firewood into the combustion chamber. The best option is loading 1/3 of its part.
6. The room in which the fireplace is located must be well ventilated. For this purpose, the room is equipped with a ventilation system.
7. If the fireplace stove is used constantly, then the soot must be removed after each heating season. If the stove is heated several times a month, cleaning can be done once every two to three years.

The fireplace stove will become a key element of the room's interior. The warm and comfortable atmosphere will be unforgettable on cold winter evenings. This functional heating structure will become the main recreation area of ​​your home.

Making a fireplace out of brick is quite difficult. To create a high-quality and productive structure, you will first need a well-designed order or project. The design features of the equipment and the materials used for assembly play an equally important role.

A fireplace with your own hands can be placed in a private country cottage, and in country house. First of all, this heating variation is suitable for those rooms in which there is no other source of receiving and generating thermal energy. Such a stove can be installed in a house made of brick or wood. It is also possible to install in a building made of logs or gas silicate block. A properly designed fireplace design allows you to efficiently heat not only a small area, but also a fairly large one and even two-storey house. The efficiency of such a design can reach about 80-90 percent. This is considered a high and good indicator.

Selecting the dimensions of the structure

A fireplace, the masonry of which is carried out according to a pre-selected order on the Internet or drawn up by a professional stove maker, can have not only a certain placement method, but also a size. The choice of this option depends on certain parameters and features:

1. The size chosen for installation plays a big role. heating unit premises;
2. Pay attention to the way the fireplace is located in the living room interior;
3. Pay attention to the choice of equipment type;
4. Take into account what material the frame of the house, foundation, walls, floor, ceilings are made of;
5. What matters is what functionality the stove has.

Before you build a stove with your own hands, remember that the order should correctly reflect not only the amount of materials, key features heating device, but also no less important details. For example, the overall dimensions of the firebox should be based on a proportion of 1/90 in relation to the total area of ​​the selected room.

It is necessary to select the height and width of the combustion opening using the proportion 1.5/1. Also, the fireplace diagram is not complete without identifying the depth, which will be less than the width parameter on average by half. The chimney must also have a correctly selected cross-section. It can be determined by reducing the area of ​​the combustion hole by 14-21 times.

For example, if the room area is 30 square meters, the following values ​​will be suitable for such a unit:

• The combustion hole will have a size of 0.30 square meters;
• The firebox will have a width of 45 centimeters;
• With a height of 65 centimeters;
• Depth 25 centimeters;
• The round cross-section of the chimney will be equal to 0.030 square meters or 300 square centimeters.

Choosing a location method

The order of the fireplace plays a key role in the assembly and successful operation heating device. However, what is equally important is what type of location the stove will have in the interior.

Main placement methods:

1. Wall-mounted fireplaces are massive. To assemble such a structure you will need a fairly large amount of materials and cladding. This option is convenient to place, has a good viewing angle, and several people can sit near it at once. The advantages also include high efficiency and good, productive operation. The portal is symmetrical; the facade part is most often assembled in a U-shaped shape. The fireplace, for which both standard and refractory bricks are used, has a chimney in a wall location, which is covered with bricks up to ceiling;
2. If the room chosen for installation does not have a large area, we recommend installing a corner fireplace in it. This option, with a fairly good viewing angle, is small in size. Furnace order corner type, does not require large quantity bricks In this case, only the facade part will need to be clad, since the role of the sidewalls is played directly by the walls or partitions of the room themselves. Despite its small size, the corner hearth has a fairly high power and is suitable for heating rooms with an area of ​​15-35 square meters;
3. The design of an island-type furnace is difficult to construct. To build such a structure will require a lot of time, large investments and experience. An island fireplace is installed in the center of the room and is not adjacent to walls or other ceilings. The portal can be equipped with small walls and a firewood rack. To remove smoke and combustion products from the room, the stove is complemented by a hanging exhaust system or in other words – a chimney. The base usually has a classic square or rectangular shape (profile). Structures of round, triangular, multifaceted shapes are more difficult to construct. Particularly popular are designs consisting of several levels. For additional functionality, you can equip the portal with a tabletop or mantelpiece.

The fireplace, the dimensions of which are selected individually, can be installed not only in the house, but also outside, in a gazebo. Such outdoor and garden barbecues and barbecues can be located either completely separately or built into gazebos and verandas. The advantages of such structures include the ability to make them quite large and bulky. This way you can add many different elements to the grill.

Street and garden stoves due to their large dimensions they have heavy weight and require the construction of a solid concrete foundation. This will prevent the structure from sinking underground or losing its stability over time.

A barbecue or barbecue project also requires individual approach, careful selection of placement and functionality. If you are planning to combine outdoor fireplace with a gazebo or veranda, you should not use only brick for construction, as it is very expensive. The materials most often chosen for gazebos are: plastic, metal profiles, wood, fire-resistant plastic. The stove itself, columns, various partitions, small walls, and the area near the combustion compartment are assembled from bricks.

Equipment classification

Before you build a Swedish stove or any other structure, you need to remember that any heating equipment consists of a portal, which serves as protection for the firebox and its decoration. Most often this element is assembled from brick. Can be lined with any heat-resistant materials. To place logs and burn them, the structure is equipped with a firebox or combustion compartment. To prevent smoke from immediately escaping into the street and creating heat, the stove is supplemented with a smoke collector. To remove smoke and combustion products, wood-burning stoves are equipped with a chimney.

An open firebox design means there is no door. In this case Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the internal walls of the combustion compartment, making them as thick, durable and airtight as possible. For laying the walls, only fireclay bricks and an adhesive composition based on fireclay clay are used. Also, the fireplace insert can be of a closed type.

A closed firebox is safer to use. It prevents sparks and flames from entering the room. However, an open firebox looks more harmonious and allows you to contemplate the bright flame, enjoy its crackling and warmth to the fullest. Moreover, giving preference open design, you save yours cash, which could have been used to purchase steel or cast iron chamber with door.

In order to protect the room from fire, the space next to the firebox must be insulated with any fireproof material.

If you want to equip a stone portal with a purchased firebox, the walls of the stove can be assembled from simple brick, because additional protection will be formed due to cast iron sidewalls.

A closed firebox is most often equipped with a door made of transparent tempered glass, which allows you to see the fire burning in the hearth in as much detail as possible. The method of opening such a door can be either the classic side or the top. Many modern fireboxes are equipped with a self-cleaning system - this prevents soot and soot from forming on the glass.

Fireplaces of wall and corner type are equipped steel pipes, which do not have a very presentable appearance. In order to hide and at the same time decorate such a chimney, it is enclosed in a box made of brick. The laying of the chimney is also carried out according to a previously drawn up order. Such a box not only improves the appearance of the structure, but also enhances, further insulates and accumulates accumulated heat.

Most often, stylish steel hoods that are hung directly above the hearth itself are purchased as a set for an island fireplace.

Making calculations

The size of the fireplace directly depends on the size of the room, as well as your personal needs and preferences. The dimensions of the structure are indicated in detail in the diagram. The order of the fireplace indicates how much material is needed for construction. It is important to know how much cladding, standard and refractory bricks you will need and purchase all materials with a small margin.

It is equally important to know how much masonry mortar you will need. It is important to take into account not only the main masonry, but also the construction of an additional foundation. Mostly cement marked M 200 is used as masonry mortar. To obtain the required mass, it is necessary to mix cement and sand together based on a 1/3 ratio. Next, gradually add water until a thick, homogeneous composition is formed, without lumps or dirt. In order to lay one cubic meter of brick, on average 0.2-0.3 cubic meters of composition will be required.

You can calculate the dimensions of the fireplace in more detail using your own order. In order to find out how many bricks are needed, you need to multiply the volume of one unit by the total number of bricks in the scheme.

A professional and well-designed project has not only a frontal, but also a horizontal projection. This allows you to make all the calculations as simply and thoroughly as possible, to see the shape and outline of the fireplace on both sides. If the design of the stove is more complex, you can separately calculate and draw the arch, shelf and others structural elements. This will allow you to determine the location and location of the smoke collector, ash pan, chimney, and identify the angle of inclination of the walls and niches.

In our online store you can buy a ready-made firebox for corner, island or wall portals, domestic and foreign brands.

Execution of work

After you have chosen a location for the fireplace, calculated the amount of materials, designed and made a detailed order, you will need to purchase the following materials and tools:

1. A reservoir in which the adhesive base will be mixed. It should be large enough, at least 40 liters. For better mixing, it is best to get an electric mixer;
2. In order to sift sand, you will need to buy a special sieve;
3. Laying is carried out using a trowel;
4. To check the evenness of the corners, a building level is required;
5. Get a tape measure, a square and a ruler;
6. Marks are made using a simple pencil or construction marker.

Additionally, you may need such items as: a hammer, rags, a knife, sandpaper and others.

Before you start work, prepare the room, cover all the furniture and interior items that are in it. To make it easier to connect the tool, take an extension cord.

Do-it-yourself installation of a brick fireplace is carried out according to the following stages:

• Any massive structure begins to be erected only after the foundation is built. It can have either a strip or a concrete, block or brick base. If you are going to pour mortar into a pit, formwork is required. In this case, the construction of the furnace occurs only after the foundation is completely dry;
• Next, we begin laying the rows. Each row is pre-laid dry, the evenness and thickness of the seams between the bricks is checked. Periodically, to strengthen the structure, the rows are ligated. All adjustments are made before the adhesion composition dries;
• After the firebox and fireplace portal are erected, we proceed to laying the chimney. the hood is fixed to a horizontal partition. We provide surface insulation. If the pipe is metal, it is best to enclose it in a brick box;
• At the last stage, facing work is carried out, a damper, shelf, grille, and countertop are installed.

The Kuznetsov stove or any other heating device cannot be heated immediately after construction. It is necessary to allow it to shrink and dry well for 10-15 days. After which the furnace gradually begins to operate. Firewood is placed in the firebox exactly halfway, gradually increasing.

From this video you can learn how to make a brick fireplace with your own hands at home or in the country:

A brick fireplace is not only a device for the room, but also a beautiful element of the interior, which some craftsmen, to the envy of others, build with their own hands. Despite the apparent complexity of the device, even a beginner can make it on his own, knowing all the nuances and features and at the same time strictly following the instructions.

What does the fireplace consist of?

Since a fireplace is a dangerous unit, the improper installation of which can cause significant harm to the health of all household members, its construction must be taken with the utmost seriousness and responsibility. Many of those who decide to make a device with their own hands pay all attention to the appearance of the structure, but it would be more correct to competently approach the construction of the fireplace from the inside.

One of the main components of the device is the firebox. Despite its apparent external simplicity, its construction must be carefully thought out and carried out with millimeter precision. To do this, you need to know what parts the firebox consists of and how it is used.

Base

As a rule, it is made of stone or brick, and if the structure is steel, its base is made of cast iron. This is done so that it does not deform under the influence of heavy loads and high temperatures.

Walls

The walls of the firebox are also made of steel or brick, and in some open models they may be completely absent. The choice of material will depend only on the preferences of the owner of the building.

If a decision is made to build a brick firebox, during its manufacture the back wall tilts and the side wall expands. This scheme allows the structure to transfer heat to the room as much as possible.

Smoke collector

The purpose of this part of the fireplace is to remove carbon monoxide and smoke out. The smoke collector can be manufactured as part of the firebox, but can be erected as a separate structural element.

Grate and ash pan

The grate is designed to provide oxygen supply to the firewood and remove combustion products into a special niche called the ash pan.

For reference! The grate is made of a special composition of ceramics or cast iron, as it must withstand high temperature regime, which can reach 1000 degrees.

IN classic models The ash pan is located under the grate and is closed with a special damper to regulate draft. However, there are also models of this part of the firebox that are made in the form of a retractable box, which can be easily removed and cleaned of accumulated ash.

Gate valve

This element is installed in order to block the chimney if necessary. Thanks to it, the fuel in the fireplace slowly smolders and does not flare up, while heat continues to be released, and there is no need to frequently add firewood.

Preparing to build a brick fireplace

To build a fireplace with your own hands, preparation should begin with project development and purchase building materials.

Selected location future design plays an important role in the preparation of construction. Best options For this purpose, the fireplace locations along the load-bearing walls, front or interior, as well as the angle between them are considered. You should not choose the distance between the window openings and opposite the door to install the fireplace, since with this location the room will not warm up enough.

Calculation of the dimensions of the structure

It is necessary to decide on the dimensions of the fireplace. It is important to take into account the ratio of the sizes of its main parts to the area of ​​the building that needs to be heated, as well as other data:

• combustion hole – 1:50;
• width and height – 2:3;
• portal depth – 70% of height;
• the size of the chimney is 10–15 times smaller than the dimensions of the portal;
• a podium up to 0.5 m wide is installed in front of the combustion hole;
• The width of the side podiums on both sides is up to 0.3 m.

Compliance with all the above indicators has great importance during the construction of a heating structure, but special attention should be paid to the depth of the combustion hole. If it is made too large, then the heat transfer will be minimal, but if it is the opposite, smoke will begin to penetrate into the room.

Drafting

After calculating the dimensions of the fireplace, they begin to design it and draw up a drawing, which will indicate the exact dimensions of the future structure. In addition, it separately reflects a schematic representation of laying bricks in rows, known as ordering. It details the names of all elements in the masonry and each row is assigned its own number.

Attention! Depending on the dimensions and design of the future structure, the orders differ significantly from each other.

What materials are needed for the job?

The choice of building materials for self-construction of a fireplace should be approached thoroughly, because they quality characteristics The period of use and functionality of the design will depend.

In order to install a good home option heating unit, can be used as the base material red solid brick. It must meet the following criteria:

• have a rich, bright color;
• the surface of the brick must be flat and smooth on all sides;
• there should be no chips or cracks at the corners of the product;
• when fractured, a homogeneous structure should be observed.

All of the above requirements are necessary for the full use of the fireplace, therefore, before starting construction, you should carefully inspect each brick in order to identify defects on it.

In addition to bricks, other building materials will be required:

• cement, sand and crushed stone;
• boards;
• roofing felt;
• felt;
• special clay.

Depending on the type of fireplace, it will be necessary to purchase ready-made structural elements, the main ones of which include the grate, protective screen and a smoke damper.

Step-by-step construction of a brick fireplace

Once the drawing has been drawn up and the materials have been prepared, construction of the fireplace can begin.

Laying the foundation

It is better to lay the foundation for the fireplace during the construction of the base of the main building.

For reference! If its installation will take place in a finished house, it is necessary to dismantle the floor at the future location of the structure.

The standard foundation laying scheme usually looks like this:

1. A pit is dug, the depth of which must be at least 0.5 m. Its bottom is filled with crushed stone and compacted to form a flat surface.
2. Formwork is constructed from boards and installed in the pit.
3. The formwork is covered with a layer waterproofing material and covered with rubble.
4. The entire perimeter of the pit is filled with cement mortar so that at least 6 cm remains to the floor level. After which the surface is leveled and covered with film until the concrete mixture has completely hardened.

The hardening process for cement mortar usually takes several weeks. During this period, it is necessary to moisten it a little with water to prevent cracks from appearing on it.

Masonry brick structure

For further construction of the fireplace, you will need to first purchase finished form or make a special clay solution with your own hands.

To make it yourself, you will need to soak the clay for 2-3 days, then pass it through a metal sieve. Add water and sand to the resulting slurry, where the ratio of the parts should be equal to 8:1:8. The finished solution, when proportioned correctly, has a consistency similar to sour cream and does not stick to your hands.

Before starting laying, you should lay a couple of layers of roofing felt on the dried foundation for waterproofing. The zero row, as a rule, is laid out in a continuous line on the cement mortar, and all further rows are laid out according to the developed order scheme, connecting to each other with a clay mixture.

To make the masonry more stable and reliable, each brick must be placed in water for approximately one minute before use. This procedure will release accumulated air from it and prevent it from absorbing moisture from the clay mixture during installation.

Construction of a chimney

Laying a chimney is one of the important steps when creating a fireplace with your own hands. The draft and the possible entry of combustion products in the form of gas into the room will depend on its quality.

You can build part of the chimney inside the building using a clay mixture, and it is better to do further masonry using cement. All internal walls should be wiped with a rag previously soaked in a clay solution. This will get rid of any cracks that have appeared and level the surface.

To protect the structure from too high temperatures in the overlap area, it is necessary to lay out fluff, which is covered with felt, lubricated with a clay solution.

Attention! To prevent precipitation from entering the chimney, an inlet known as an “otter” is installed above it.

Brick fireplaces, just like stoves, are popular and stylish solution with home heating, as well as a spectacular interior element. Considering the availability of modern building materials, tools, and technologies, building a fireplace or stove yourself is not very difficult.

Stone fireplace

Instructions for creating a brick fireplace include:

• choosing the type of fireplace;
• selection of material for masonry;
• list of required tools;
• masonry technology;
• brick laying scheme (usually called ordering).

Types of fireplaces

The most common brick fireplaces are divided into two types: built-in and wall-mounted.

Built-in

Built-in fireplace

Mounted inside load-bearing wall, inside of which there is a chimney. This is enough difficult option for self-construction, and, as a rule, it is created in advance - even at the stage of designing the house.

Wall mounted

The most convenient option for self-masonry. Such a fireplace can be installed in a country house or in a private house. with my own hands, even without having experience in this matter.

This can be done at any stage - both during the construction of the house itself and in the finished premises. The only thing you will have to tinker with if the masonry is planned in a residential building where renovations have been completed is the creation of a separate foundation for a fireplace or stove.

It is most convenient to make a brick fireplace, since brick is an inexpensive and common material, and it is easier to lay it flat.

Wall-mounted fireplaces are divided into two types: straight and corner. Corner ones are located in the corner, at the junction of two walls, they have quite compact dimensions, so they occupy less space. Making a corner fireplace is somewhat easier than making a straight one, but its arrangement is different and less material will be required.

Where to start construction?

Fireplace drawing

The construction of a brick fireplace must begin with a sketch. Usually this is a hand-drawn drawing that depicts the placement of the fireplace in the room, its appearance, type, principle of operation, shape of the portal, location of the chimney, ash pan, firebox, and other elements. Dimensions are approximate. Fireplace designs must take into account the placement of rafters and beams to avoid problems with the chimney.

The next stage is a drawing of the fireplace, which must be completed in more detail. The main thing is a side sectional view of the fireplace, which will show its structure.

A separate important element is the ordering scheme according to which the stove or fireplace is being built. There are many ordering schemes - you can choose from ready-made ones, or you can come up with your own, but it is still recommended to start with those already known.

Selection of materials

Fire brick for fireplace

A brick fireplace can be made from ordinary solid brick entirely, but for interior decoration For fireboxes, it is best to use fireclay bricks - they are much more fireproof, resistant to the effects of chemically active products formed as a result of combustion, and also heat up more slowly and retain heat longer.

For the solution, you can take a ready-made fireproof mixture, which is sold in construction stores. A simpler option is the classic combination of clay and sand, the exact ratio of which is selected experimentally. It is worth noting that the fireplace is laid without the use of cement (it is allowed to add it to the clay-sand mixture only in an amount of 10-20% when laying the base).

For a fireplace with a closed firebox, you will need metal doors with fire-resistant glass (a simpler option is all-metal doors, but then the fire will not be visible). If you plan to have a fireplace with an open firebox, then doors will not be needed.

You will also need a purge and cleaning door, plus dampers for adjustment. air flow.

For a chimney, a round pipe made of stainless steel is best suited.

The cladding can be done using plaster, ceramic tiles, or don’t do it at all - leave the brick as is.

Required set of tools

For construction brick fireplaces A standard set of tools is required:

• spatula or trowel (you may need both);
• an ordinary and rubber hammer;
• tape measure, plumb line, building level;
• Sander;
• shovel;
• bucket, barrel or basin (for water and solution);
• rule.

Rules for calculating dimensions

Fireplace insert drawing

When drawing up a fireplace drawing, it is necessary to take into account certain rules, otherwise functionality problems will arise. First of all, this concerns the size of the firebox. It is customary to make it rectangular, and the height should be in relation to the width 2:3.

Another formula is used to calculate the depth of the firebox: it should be 2/3 of the height of the portal. It is best to start drawings of fireplaces by calculating the dimensions of the firebox, because, knowing these dimensions, you can already calculate all other parameters.

To ensure that the drawing does not diverge from reality, there is generally accepted technique dry masonry - first the fireplace is laid out without mortar, then each brick is numbered (the row and its position in the row are indicated on it) - this layout makes it possible to make a stove or fireplace without errors.

To properly lay out a brick fireplace with your own hands, you need to adhere to the following scheme: the width of the portal should be chosen as a multiple of the size of half a brick, and the height of the portal should be selected so that it is a multiple of the height of the brick, plus a 0.5 cm layer of mortar, i.e. in total - 7 cm.

Foundation preparation

Fireplace foundation

The fireplace is laid on separate foundation, which should not be connected to the main foundation of the house. The dimensions of the foundation should exceed the dimensions of the fireplace by 20-30 cm. The depth of the foundation should be about 50 cm. The foundation pit is filled with sand mixed with gravel, and each layer must be carefully compacted.

After filling the foundation pit, formwork is installed from wooden planks, at least 15 cm high. Placed inside the formwork metal grid or a grid made of reinforcement with a cell size of 10*10 cm.

The formwork is filled with a solution consisting of gravel, cement, and sand (ratio - 4: 1: 3). The solution dries completely in about 30 days, after which you can cover it with an outer layer - a cement-sand mixture (1:3), and insulate it with two layers of roofing felt.

The fireplace is laid on a completely finished foundation.

Masonry principles for brick fireplaces

The laying of fireplaces can have a different order, but some principles are the same for any option:

• It is customary to lay the first row of bricks on edge, and the subsequent rows - flat;
• the first two rows are called the base of the fireplace (or stove);
• the bottom of the firebox must rise above the floor by at least three rows of brickwork;
• the brick should not have breaks, chips or cracks;
• Before laying, it is recommended to soak red solid brick in water so that it is saturated with moisture (when, immersed in water, it stops releasing air bubbles, which means the brick has absorbed enough moisture);
• There is no need to soak the fireclay brick in water - it will be enough to remove dust or dirt from its surface with a damp cloth;
• the thickness of the seam should not exceed 0.5 cm;
• you need to apply such an amount of mortar to the brick so that the mortar does not go beyond the boundaries of the brick;
• if excess mortar appears somewhere between the seams, it should be removed;
• It is best to start laying from the corners, checking them plumb and level;
• if the brick has been cut, then the edge remaining after the cut must be walled up in mortar;
• the mortar for laying brick fireplaces should not contain lumps, should not be runny or stick to your hands, and should be homogeneous;
• It is best to do fireplace masonry in the warm season - then the solution will dry faster (this is especially true for the foundation);
• You cannot coat the inside of the fireplace with the solution.

Key elements that make up a fireplace

Composition of a fireplace for wood

The standard layout of a brick fireplace includes the following elements (moving from bottom to top as the masonry proceeds):

• base;
• ash pit (a bunker located under the grate, the purpose of which is to collect ash);
• the firebox is the space into which fuel is placed and where it burns;
• mirror – the back part of the firebox wall, inclined forward at an angle of about 20°, and starting from a height of 30% from the bottom of the firebox (the purpose of the mirror is to reflect thermal energy, directing it from the portal into the room);
• a smoke tooth is a protrusion formed by the end of a mirror, which has two main functions - preventing soot from entering the chimney into the firebox, and also preventing cold air currents from the chimney from entering the firebox;
• hailo is a smoke collector in which smoke and various gases are collected before exiting into the chimney pipe (it provides draft in the desired direction, and also prevents smoke, sparks, soot from entering the room, due to the fact that the heated gases accumulated here go into the cold outdoor air). air chimney);
• damper - a damper located between the fireplace and the chimney, which separates the chimney from the chimney pipe (its function is to regulate the power of cold and hot air flows).

Interesting projects: a fireplace with a barbecue

Brick fireplaces can be different, including outdoor ones. One such option is popular project outdoor (outdoor) fireplace, which contains a barbecue. This grill is well suited for cooking shish kebab, barbecue, and other hot dishes.

An outdoor fireplace, which includes a barbecue, can be wall-mounted or island-mounted. It features a simplified chimney and also does not have a damper in the chimney pipe. As additional elements The fireplace with barbecue has a barbecue grill and a countertop. Most brick fireplaces with barbecues are built under a canopy to make cooking more convenient.

Video: Mini fireplace for a country house - do it yourself

Mini fireplace for country house– with your own hands

Modern fireplace

Fireplaces have been used as a source of heat for centuries. Today they are used as decorative item interiors. Majority modern models can act as an additional heating device in country house or dacha.

Installing a fireplace, made according to all the rules of construction with your own hands, can significantly reduce fuel costs and provide efficient heating premises.

Examples of improper installation of fireplaces can be easily found in the history of mankind, for example, knights' castles, which were always cold, despite the numerous fireplaces in the hall.

To avoid mistakes when building a fireplace with your own hands, you need to study all the intricacies of this matter.

Types of fireplaces

Unlike their medieval predecessors, modern fireplaces fall into several categories. The criteria for distinguishing them are the following parameters:

Location

• built-in structures.
• wall-mounted
• island.

The materials used are brick, granite, marble or natural stone. For island structures, cast iron, metal or glass are mainly used.

• Open type.
• Closed.

The first option is characterized by the use of an open firebox in a classic design, the second option uses closing the firebox with doors.

Heat transfer method

This indicator is determined by the number of sides that can transfer heat into the room.

Fuel used

• Wood burning fireplaces.
• Gas.
• Electrical.
• Biofireplace.

Types of fireplaces

Design principle

The fireplace structure consists of two main parts - the firebox and the chimney. In addition, there are other components:

• heating device,
• smoke collector,
• valve,
• ash pan,
• grate bars,
• lining,
• forced convection system,
• fire cutter,
• protective doors.

As for the external device, it consists of a cladding and a portal. The portal performs decorative functions, supporting a particular style of the room.

Chimney and draft provision

Chimneys can be divided into several types based on their design.

• Direct view. Because of its simplicity and versatility, it is used in most cases. Its installation is possible only during the construction of the main building, otherwise the ceilings will have to be broken to install a direct chimney.
• Oblique view. This type of chimney is used in a country house that has undergone reconstruction, or indoors when constructing a fireplace. The design of the chimney allows it to be connected to already installed chimney channels or wells for ventilation or hoods.

To achieve traction efficiency, maintaining the height of the structure is very important. Unlike the chimneys of conventional stoves, its height should be greater. In addition, the hydraulic resistance in the structure will need to be reduced to minimum values.

This is achieved by selecting the right design. The most a good option considered use round pipe, it does not contain corners and has a smooth surface. These qualities avoid the formation of soot, which can delay the movement of smoke. That's why chimney may be square in shape and made of brick, but the chimney is made of pipe.

Fireplace and chimney. Scheme 1

In addition to the height of the chimney, it is necessary to take into account the cross-section of the pipe; it must be proportional to the size of the combustion opening. The optimal match is considered to be a proportion of 1:10 or 1:12.

To reduce heat loss, you need to take care of the materials used and their thickness. Typically refractory or hollow bricks are used. Based on the location of the chimney, the type of masonry is selected, for example, for a structure near the outer wall, 1 brick is used, and for devices located inside the ceilings, the ½ brick construction method is used.

The construction of the chimney must be accompanied by tightness of the seams; inattention to this process can lead to air entering through the cracks of the structure, resulting in a decrease in the draft of the fireplace.

In addition to the listed factors, the pipe head can affect the reduction in draft. To avoid this, you need to purchase the most simple designs, without additional design elements. In addition, when installing it, it is necessary to take into account the width of its walls above the roof level; the optimal width should be at least 1 brick.

To protect the chimney from the influence of climatic conditions, use a special nozzle, which is installed above the head.

Firebox and its structure

To improve the heat-reflecting ability of a fireplace in a private house, use an inclined arrangement of the firebox walls.

This can be achieved by turning the side partitions outward, and positioning back wall, leaning forward. The tilt angle can be formed from 1/3 of the firebox height.

A smoke chamber is installed on top of the combustion hole. To prevent soot and sparks from getting into the room from the combustion passage, a special “pass” is installed between the combustion passage and the smoke chamber. In addition, its functions include protecting the room from smoke.

The start of construction begins with the counting of materials. The easiest way is to build a fireplace with your own hands using bricks. To calculate the size of the combustion chamber, several factors must be taken into account:

• Brick sizes.
• The thickness of the seams.
• Dimensions of the fireplace based on the estimated area.

After this, a serial drawing (order) of all steps is developed. For the convenience of forming an order, use a regular sheet of notebook in a square, since in the process of work a masonry of 1, ½ and ¾ bricks is used.

The laying of the hearth begins from the base part. To improve the external data, this row is laid out by installing bricks on the edge, and, already with next row, masonry continues with flat bricks.

Masonry and arrangement of the fireplace

Additional items

In addition to the listed parts, other parts are also involved in the design of the fireplace:

Drawings and diagrams

Building fireplaces with your own hands will require a drawing or diagram of the work. Schemes are performed from four angles:

• side view,
• above,
• directly,
• in the section.

Having a drawing simplifies not only the process of making a chimney with your own hands, but also counting the quantity necessary materials goes much faster.

When preparing the drawing, it is necessary to take into account the following details:

• Calculation of the foundation and the possibility of combining it with ready-made design Houses.
• Diagram of openings in the floors and roof structure.
• Calculation of materials for construction and finishing.
• Development appearance fireplace.
• Calculation of heat transfer.
• Ease of use of the design and explication.
• Fire resistance.
• Safety of use.

Professionals always draw up a drawing with an order, which indicates the location of each brick. When building stove equipment with your own hands, drawings or diagrams must be carried out under the supervision of an experienced stove builder; this will significantly simplify the process and help avoid errors in the design.

Selecting a location

To build a fireplace with your own hands, you will need to decide where this structure will be located. Based on this, fireplaces are divided into four types:

• Wall-mounted.
• Angular.
• Built-in.
• Freestanding.

Typically, a place for a fireplace is selected near the main wall of the house, away from drafts, stairs and corridors. Next to it, it is necessary to provide a recreation area, which you can make with your own hands according to your taste and capabilities.

The base under the fireplace must be made of fire-resistant material.

Video: DIY fireplace stove