Let's try to decide. Systematization of proposals for energy sources will help us. Let's tentatively highlight three classic look: wood, gas, electric heating. We will also consider new technical solutions: , heat pumps. Below we will talk about each of the options, talk about the advantages and consider problem areas.

What does the market offer?

Solid fuel

The main advantage is autonomy. Furnaces have proven their reliability for centuries. In addition, you will also like the reasonable price, you can always afford it. The disadvantages are long heating time, low efficiency, and the need to constantly add fuel. Unfortunately, there are areas where connecting to the gas pipeline is unprofitable due to high costs in the inset, in some places it is impossible due to remoteness. Owners of small buildings of 3-4 rooms will be satisfied. In addition, modern designers complement their solutions with a cozy fireplace.

Solid fuel boilers- an excellent alternative to the stove. The principle of operation is clear to everyone - when combustible materials burn, heat is released and the coolant is heated. Hot water is distributed through pipes and heats the rooms. It is pleasant to note a wide range of advantages that have many similarities with the stove.

• Economical. Inexpensive, especially if the forest is nearby.
• Ecological cleanliness. The contents of the firebox burn completely, leaving only ash.
• Loading with firewood, sawdust, briquettes, coal, peat.
• Autonomy.
• Low cost of equipment.
• Automation ensures ease of control.
• The boiler room will be installed without additional approvals.

But there are also disadvantages.

• Low heat transfer, making it difficult to heat large areas of housing.
• Heating occurs by inertia, like a stove.
• Fuel storage in a separate room.
• Cleaning soot and soot.
• Regular care.
• Additional devices are needed, for example, a heat accumulator, a forced draft device, etc.
• Chimney installation.

To summarize, this option has many advantages, the main thing being independence from external energy sources and cost savings. A significant drawback is that it requires regular supervision, which causes discomfort.

Gas

An excellent solution if the highway is located nearby. The operating principle is the same as that of solid fuel. The energy carrier is ignited using piezoelectric elements or electronic ignition.

Main advantages.

• Easy to use.
• Safety thanks to modern devices protection.
• Relatively high efficiency, and the cost of fuel is low.
• High efficiency: Heats large areas.
• Comfort: the heat supply mode is regulated by the owner, and each radiator is complemented by a thermostat. This approach allows you to create your own thermal regime.

Among the disadvantages:

• Permission required from .
• The installation is located in a special room.
• Installation is carried out only by specialists.
• There may be a change in pressure in the lines, which will damage the equipment.
• Only the presence of an automatic system implies the safety of the unit.
• Need a chimney.

Also used gas convectors. Cold air enters through a slot at the bottom of the device, is heated through a heat exchanger, and then supplied hot into the room.

Let's note the advantages:

• heat arrives faster due to the elimination of the intermediate link - water;
• costs are reduced;
• The installation process is simplified because there is no .

Let's remember the disadvantages:

• the device is installed in each room and energy is supplied;
• required special permission gas service;
• installed by specialists;
• needed .

So the costs are reasonable. Registration of all kinds of permits will take time.

Electricity

Electric heating has many advantages; it is considered as an alternative when gas mains are not available. Current feed-in tariffs can even reduce costs.

Let's look at the three most common methods.

1. Convective. Provided thanks to electric boilers, oil radiators, convectors.
2. Ray. Installation of infrared heating panels, electroceramic panels, batteries, films, carbon heaters.
3. Air or thermal fans.

Advantages:

• Installation is easier.
• Plastic bag permitting documentation much less.
• Easy controls.
• There is no chimney.
• Reduced rates are possible.

Professional calculation is the basis for a competent choice of equipment. This option will be beneficial if specialists take into account all the nuances of your home.

Solar systems

A solar collector is a panel with built-in heat exchange elements: plates or vacuum tubes. The sun shines for free, so this method is economical, but the price of the equipment, on the contrary, is high. In Europe it pays for itself in 5 years, but for middle zone For Russia this period will double. In winter, when more heat is required and day length is shortened, solar panels do not produce the required amount of energy.

Heat pumps

A unit that transfers dissipated thermal energy through a heating circuit. A heat generator, air conditioner and water heater coexist here at the same time. Three models are used for cottages: geothermal, water, air.

Advantages:

• Cost-effectiveness is significantly higher than other offers. Produces 3-5 kW of thermal energy, but receives only 1 kW of electricity.
• Ecological cleanliness. Works without .
• Safety. No open flames, hazardous waste.
• Versatility. Provides heating in winter, air cooling in summer, and water heating all year round.
• Very reliable. Operates in a closed, sealed circuit.
• Comfort thanks to automatic mode.
• Documentary support is required less effort compared to others.

Flaws:

• The price is considered high.
• Drilling work, installation site, documentation.
• Compressor noise. Additional soundproofing of the boiler room will be required.
• Availability of three-phase power supply.

This is advanced equipment with which we are still little familiar. To the indirect disadvantages, it is reasonable to add the consumer’s cautious attitude towards all new products. It’s hard to imagine a modern apartment without. How many people know that this is an air source heat pump?

The choice is wide. Each option has its own advantages, and we have also listed the disadvantages. When installing, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of your own home, the purchased plot, and the area. You can supplement the standard offer, which is very comfortable, especially if you have children.

How to heat a house

There are several schemes tested by life experience. They differ in the type of water circulation and in the method of laying out the mains: single-pipe, double-pipe, radial and “Leningrad”. Components:

• Heating boiler.
• Pipeline.
• Fittings.
• Expansion tank.
• Circulation pump.

The coolant moves through natural or by force. It gives off heat to the room through the batteries and then returns it. To speed things up, a pump is installed.

Natural circulation

When heated or cooled, the density of water changes. The hot water rises up the riser and flows to the radiators along the lines. It is important to make a slight slope of 3-5 degrees when laying horizontal pipes to the batteries.

The proposed option will save costs on heating a small one-story, two-story house. Limitation - the length of the contour should not exceed 30 m.

Forced circulation

The pump accelerates the movement of the coolant. This solution makes it possible to heat large areas. There is no need to maintain an inclination when laying the pipeline horizontally. This creates a dependence on the source of electricity. Many private homeowners buy a generator.

Single-pipe wiring

With this wiring, water flows sequentially to all radiators.

• Easy installation.
• Low labor costs.
• Low cost.

• Heat loss.
• The heating of each room is not regulated.
• A pump is required to maintain pressure.

You can install thermostatic valves, radiator regulators, balancing valves, air ducts to get rid of unpleasant imperfections. Costs will increase, but you will set the room temperature.

"Leningradskaya" is distinguished by the ability to regulate the heating level of each battery. Installation of a bypass pipe and shut-off valves allows the equipment to function when the device is cut off.

Vertical two-pipe circuits

This solution allows you to connect a forward and return line to each radiator. The cost of installing the pipeline will increase, but control of the heat level of the rooms will remain with the owner. The wiring from the boiler can be top or bottom.

Horizontal two-pipe system

A scheme that is most often used for heating cottages. She has three options:

• Dead end. Easy to calculate and install, low cost. The occurrence of a stagnation zone in places with low water speed is a disadvantage.
• Associated movement of coolant. Heating is easier to regulate due to the equal length of the circulation circuits. Optimal operating mode of a boiler with a pump. It will cost more to purchase pipes.
• Collector. The coolant will always be warm. Separate connection of radiators promotes uniform heating of the room. High cost, which does not prevent it from winning the hearts of lovers of country life.

Heating schemes for a private house: which one is better

Single-pipe and gravity-flow systems are good for their simplicity; they do not require significant costs. If the house is built near a metropolis, where electricity is supplied without interruptions and the gas main is close, you can create comfortable conditions life. When installing radiator heating, it is better to choose a two-pipe dead-end or radial circuit. Both work equally well. Warm floors will add additional comfort. The main thing is to correctly calculate heat loss.

Heating in a private house: which is the most economical

What is better to choose in a private house. There are two main factors taken into account here. First, the costs of equipment and installation. Second, monthly fuel fee. A critical analysis of your structure will help you save money. Identify any shortcomings. Any proposal will be unprofitable if the heat goes outside. Each region of the country dictates standards for building materials, their thickness, and thermal insulation. Heat loss for double-glazed windows is 25%, for the roof and attic - 15%, and poor ventilation consumes up to 50% of the heat. “Cold bridges” are formed through metal parts that penetrate the wall. They are complemented by the ends of the slabs, the slopes of doors, windows, and basement walls.

Obviously, the price of the issue depends on the possible desire to combine some options. Approximately for Russia, the total cost is built taking into account the following components:

1. Bake.
2. Gas heating if there is a main line nearby.
3. Solid fuel boiler.
4. Boiler equipment on liquid fuel.
5. Electric boiler.

Solar systems and heat pumps are widely used in Western Europe, but have not yet become the most effective for the residents of our country. The costs of equipment and installation will pay off in a few years. Undoubtedly, the high cost of fuel abroad justifies significant capital investments; our fuel is cheap.

Every home is different; specialists can offer the best solution. In this article, we examined possible options, assessed the advantages, and highlighted the disadvantages. All you have to do is weigh the pros and cons and compare them with your wishes to make the best choice.

• Material prepared by: Lyudmila Remizova

In the process of designing a heating system, the question arises of how best to connect radiators - according to single-pipe scheme or according to two-pipe?

Each connection method has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. To choose the wiring diagram correctly, you need to define it efficiency for your home. What is the difference between one- and two-pipe systems? And by what criteria do they make a choice?

Single-circuit heating circuit

The single-pipe system is the most simple option connections between radiators and boiler. It is used for heating small and medium-sized rooms.

It has an important advantage - it gives possibility to organize work independently of the electric circulation pump.

The main advantages of single-pipe wiring are simplicity and independence from electricity. How does it work?

Principle of operation

In a one-pipe scheme, the same pipe performs the supply function hot water and return cold. Main pipe connects in series all radiators. At the same time, in each of them the water loses part of the heat. Therefore, in a single-pipe heating circuit there are hotter radiators at the beginning, and cooler ones at the end of the circuit.

Attention! The warmest rooms will be those located immediately after the boiler. The rooms located in front of the boiler entrance will be cool. This must be taken into account when building a house.

With such a heating scheme, large rooms should be the first from the boiler - kitchens, dining rooms, halls. And the last ones are small bedrooms.

Arrangement

Single-pipe wiring is ideal for organizing the movement of coolant by gravity. At correct location heating devices, the water inside the pipes will move independently, without the help of a circulation pump. To do this it is necessary to organize significant height difference between the boiler and the distribution manifold.

The coolant heating boiler is located as low as possible- on the ground floor of the premises or in the basement.

The collector through which heated water is distributed is located as high as possible - under the ceiling of the top floor or in the attic. Water rises from the boiler to the collector during the heating process.

When heated, it expands, becomes lighter and therefore - rises up. Then from the distribution manifold it enters the supply pipe, then into the radiators and returns to the heating boiler.

Reference! In heating big house single-pipe circuit can be divided for several successive connections. In this case, they will all start from the distribution manifold and end in front of the boiler.

In addition to the boiler, distribution manifold and radiators, the circuit must be built expansion tank. The expansion coefficient of water depends on the amount of heating, at different heating Water expands in different ways. In this case, a certain amount of coolant is displaced from the system. To collect and store displaced water, a tank.

home driving force coolant - temperature rise of water. The higher the temperature of the coolant, the greater the speed of water movement through the pipes. Also, the gravity flow rate is affected by the diameter of the pipes, the presence of corners and bends in them, the type and number of shut-off devices. In such a system they install only Ball Valves . Conventional valves, even in the open position, create a barrier to the movement of water.

Vertical and horizontal wiring: differences

More often a single-pipe scheme assembled on one floor level- V horizontal plane.

Pipes are laid along the floor, connecting radiators into neighboring rooms located on the same floor. This arrangement is called horizontal.

Less often the scheme is assembled in a multi-storey building vertically. In this case, pipes connect rooms located above each other. This heating scheme is called vertical. What is the difference between the two wiring, and which one is better for a private home?

Vertical diagram:

• Requires connection of specific batteries - elongated in height. Most radiators on the market are designed to be included in horizontal system- they are elongated in width. If radiators are connected incorrectly, their operating efficiency will be reduced.
• Narrow radiators for vertical wiring provide good heating small premises. And worse - large rooms.
• Is different low probability of pipe airing, education air jams— air is removed through a vertical riser.

Attention! Vertical distribution is optimal for a large number of floors with small areas of rooms.

Horizontal layout:

• Provides great selection of radiators.
• Works more efficient vertical, which is due to the physics of coolant movement through pipes.

Horizontal wiring is used for heating installations on the same floor. In a house with several floors, water is transferred between floors through a vertical riser. Thus, for two- or three-story cottage will be optimal combined system with elements of vertical and horizontal wiring.

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Pros and cons of Leningrad

Let us list the advantages of single-pipe heating:

• Simple and inexpensive arrangement , which provides a small number of pipes, connectors, pipes and other additional devices in the system.
• Ideal scheme for movement of water by gravity and for the organization gravity heating system, without the need for a circulation pump.

Flaws:

• Uneven heating rooms - there are hot and cool rooms.
• Not suitable for organizing heating of large houses, the area of ​​which more than 150 sq.m, or in the heating system of which it is built more than 20 radiators.
• Large diameter makes pipes unaesthetic their appearance on the walls.

Dual-circuit battery wiring

A two-pipe heating system differs from a single-pipe heating system by dividing it into two pipes - coolant supply and return. It ensures uniform heating of all rooms. This type of wiring is used in most new houses.

Principle of operation

IN two-pipe scheme water from the boiler flows to the radiators through supply pipe (main).

Near each radiator, the supply line has a connecting inlet pipe, through which the coolant enters the battery. The supply line ends near the last radiator.

In addition to the incoming pipe, each radiator has outlet pipe. He connects it to the return pipe. The return line starts from the first battery and ends at the entrance to the boiler.

Thus, the heated water flows into the radiators evenly and at the same temperature. From each radiator water is discharged into return pipe, where it is collected and fed into the boiler for subsequent heating. Thanks to this movement of the coolant, all rooms in the room are heated equally.

What is the difference

A two-pipe heating system includes elements of a single-pipe system and additional devices. In addition to the boiler, radiators, supply and return water collection pipes (the so-called return), the two-pipe scheme also includes circulation pump.

The large length of the lines, the presence of corners and turns in the supply pipes complicate the movement of the coolant. That's why necessary his forced circulation electric pump.

Photo 1. Circulation pump model 32-40, voltage 220 Volts, manufacturer - Oasis, China.

Also in the two-pipe circuit there is more taps, regulating water supply and quantity. Such a tap is installed in front of each radiator - at the inlet and outlet.

Classification by location

In a horizontal two-pipe system, pipes connect the radiators horizontally. This scheme works in heating one-story house or one floor of a multi-storey cottage.

In a vertical two-pipe system, pipes connect radiators located one above the other in one “riser”. However, there are differences from the single-pipe vertical scheme. Here - thanks to the presence of supply and return pipes, they can be used in vertical heating batteries of any width — multi-section(since the supply and return risers can be located at a distance from each other). Therefore, the efficiency of two-pipe vertical heating is higher.

Reference! It is desirable that the batteries of rooms located one above the other have the same number of sections. It's easier to lay this way vertical pipe return lines

Bottom and top harness: which is more effective?

The terms “bottom” and “top” trim mean way to connect batteries to the system heating. At bottom harness incoming water enters the battery through the lower pipe.

If it also comes out of the radiator at the bottom, then the efficiency of the radiator will be reduced by 20-22%.

If the outlet pipe is located at the top, the efficiency of the radiator will be reduced. by 10-15%. In any case, with lower water supply to the batteries, the heating efficiency decreases.

With the top piping (supply), the incoming pipe is connected to the radiator in the upper part. In this case, the movement of the coolant is organized more efficiently, the battery will work by 97-100% (97% - if the inlet and outlet pipes are located on one side of the radiator, and 100% - if the inlet pipe is on one side from above, and the outlet pipe is on the other side from below).

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

• Suitable for heating large private houses, in this case the circulation pump necessarily crashes into the system.
• Heats all rooms on the floor or in the riser evenly.

Flaws:

• Costs expensive single-pipe system, since twice as many materials are required - pipes between the boiler and radiators, as well as connecting devices, taps, and valves.
• An electric circulation pump makes the system work dependent on the availability of electricity.

Important! An increase in the number of pipes and the amount of coolant in the system leads to increase in hydrodynamic resistance and does not allow water to move by gravity. Forced circulation and a working circulation pump are required.

Heating systems

Installation of a water heating system can be carried out in different ways. The central unit is the installation that produces heat. It forms the temperature of the coolant, which, using natural or forced circulation, is delivered to the heating devices along laid lines. Conventionally, the transport network can be divided into two types. It can be assembled using one-pipe or two-pipe junction. It is easier to install a single-pipe main yourself, but the calculation of a two-pipe heating system must be carried out taking into account many technical parameters various technical units.

A detailed analysis of the operating principle of each option, as well as their operational advantages and disadvantages, will help you understand which system is better. This will be discussed further.

Single pipe heating system

The single-pipe heating system began to be used initially, when the full-scale construction of small-sized five-story buildings was completed in the Soviet Union and put into operation central heating. The utility workers were given the task of providing the people with heat and making it as cheap as possible. Therefore, it was decided to save on everything, including gaskets. engineering communications. That is why a single-pipe heating system was born, which allows heating both the residential and industrial sectors.

A serious economic effect when using a single-pipe system is formed due to the absence of coolant return risers. Vertical assembly Such a highway does not require much labor, which is why it was most often used until recently. Nobody counted the heat losses. No one thought about the efficiency of the described pipeline assembly. However, many years of operation have made it possible to identify all the shortcomings of the single-pipe main.

How does a single-pipe line work?

The operating principle of single-pipe piping is extremely clear. The coolant supply has one closed system consisting of heating installation and heating devices. They are connected to each other by one circuit with one riser. It is he who connects all technical units in a sequential order. In order to ensure transportation of the coolant, a hydraulic pump is often used, which pushes hot water along vertical risers laid in apartment buildings.

According to the implementation scheme, the one-pipe system is divided into two types:

• Vertical.
• Horizontal.

Vertical is used to organize heating in multi-storey buildings. In this case, the batteries are connected from the top floor to the bottom using a vertical riser. Horizontal piping is best suited for a private home. In this case, all radiators are connected in series order using a horizontal riser.

Negative aspects of using the described option

Single pipe heating system

Both vertical and horizontal piping do not always work effectively. Connecting radiators in series does not allow you to regulate the temperature in a separate room. If somewhere in the middle, using a thermal valve, you slightly turn off the coolant supply, wanting to reduce the heating temperature of a separate room, all subsequent heating devices will become cold.

More than 10 batteries cannot be connected to the vertical riser at the same time. Violation of this rule will lead to the fact that at the very top the temperature of the coolant will be at its maximum - approximately +105 degrees, and on the lower floor the batteries will not warm up above +45 degrees. IN winter time years when outside the window very coldy, this is not enough and people will freeze.

Another serious disadvantage is the need to use powerful pumping equipment. It is the powerful hydraulic pump that provides the necessary pressure inside the system, which allows the single-pipe system to operate effectively. Its inclusion in the system increases operating costs, but this is not the worst thing.

Any hydraulic pump cannot provide uniform pressure inside the system, so water hammer often occurs, which contributes to the appearance of leaks. Accidents force the system to be constantly replenished with water. And this also leads to additional costs.

And the last negative point of using single-pipe piping. For its normal functioning, it is necessary to install a special expansion tank. When heating a private house, it is placed in the attic, and a technical room is set up there to service this unit. In an apartment building, a similar problem is solved differently. Stable temperature balancing is ensured by installing jumpers on each floor. And also by increasing the number of radiator sections with which the lower floors are heated.

Positive points

Heating system of a private house

Despite such a large number of disadvantages of the one-pipe system, it has its own positive operational and technical characteristics. They are quite capable of compensating for all of the listed disadvantages:

• Firstly, with the advent of new technologies, it was possible to eliminate the problem of uneven heating of rooms. This is done using the installation modern radiators, equipped with automatic thermostats, thermostatic valves or radiator regulators. Their use is especially important when heating a private home.
• Secondly, the use of bypasses and valves, with the help of which balancing is carried out, as well as convenient ball valves and reliable shutoff equipment, allows you to repair one heating device without shutting down the entire system as a whole.
• Thirdly, the assembly of a single-pipe system still takes 2 times less material than for installing a two-pipe system. The absence of extra pipes, jumpers and complex connections to batteries allows you not only to save on purchases additional elements and installation of the pipeline itself, but also to lay a pipeline that looks more aesthetically pleasing.

Two-pipe heating system

The operating principle of a two-pipe heating system is somewhat different from that described above. In this case, the coolant rises along the riser and is supplied to each heating radiator. And then it returns through the return line back into the pipeline, which transports it to the heating boiler.

With this scheme, the radiator is served by two pipes - supply and return, which is why the system is called two-pipe.

What advantages does this arrangement provide?

Two-pipe main

What can you expect if you choose this option for organizing the heating of a private and residential apartment building?

• Such a system allows you to organize uniform heating of each radiator. Any battery, no matter what floor it is on, receives hot water at the same temperature. If desired, you can install a thermostat on the radiator, and then the weather in the house can be independently adjusted. The use of a thermostat in a separate room does not affect the heat transfer of radiators installed in other apartments.
• In a two-pipe system, there are no large pressure losses during coolant circulation. Therefore, a powerful hydraulic pump is not needed for the normal functioning of the system. Water is able to circulate due to gravitational force, that is, by gravity. And if the water pressure is weak, it is enough to install a low-power pumping unit, which is more economical and easier to maintain.
• With the help of shut-off equipment, bypasses and valves, it is easy to organize such circuits that will allow you to repair, if necessary, one heating device without turning off the entire heating of the house.
• Another additional bonus of a two-pipe piping is the ability to use the associated and dead-end movement of hot water.

What's happened passing scheme? This is when water both in the supply and return flows in the same direction. In a dead-end circuit, supply and return water circulates in opposite directions. When driving in parallel, provided that radiators of the same power are used, ideal hydraulic balancing is established. Therefore, there is no need to additionally use battery presetting valves.

If heating devices have different power, you will have to calculate the heat loss of each, carry out calculations and link the radiators using thermostatic valves. It is very difficult to do this yourself without knowledge and skills.

Note! Associated hydraulic gravity flow is used where long-distance pipelines are installed. For short systems, a dead-end coolant flow pattern is used.

Classification of two-pipe heating system

Types of systems

The classification of two-pipe piping is made according to the location of the pipeline and the method of arranging the distribution system.

According to the location of the pipeline, it is divided into vertical and horizontal. In a vertical scheme, all batteries are connected to a vertical riser. This option is most often used in apartment buildings. The main advantage of this connection is the absence of air locks.

For a private house with a large area, experts recommend choosing horizontal two-pipe wiring and installing a Mayevsky tap in each radiator. It is needed to bleed air, and an example of its correct installation has been described in detail more than once in previous articles.

By wiring method two-pipe system can be with lower and upper trim. In this case, the hot water supply riser is placed in the basement or basement. The return line is located here, but is installed below the supply. All radiators are located at the top. The upper one is connected to the common circuit overhead line allowing excess air to be removed from the system.

During installation top harness the entire distribution line is installed in the insulated attic of the building. An expansion tank is also installed there. This scheme cannot be used if there is a flat roof.

Disadvantages of a two-pipe system

Dual circuit system

Comparing two battery wiring schemes, it is easy to conclude which is better. The two-pipe one is in any case much more efficient. But it has one significant drawback. Its assembly will require twice as many pipes. In addition, to them included a large number of fasteners, valves and fittings, so installation of a two-pipe system is much more expensive.

Until recently, when steel pipes and labor-intensive welding processes were used to assemble a two-pipe piping, the cost was prohibitive. With the advent of metal-plastic and technology hot soldering laying a two-pipe main has become accessible to almost everyone.

Generalization on the topic

We hope you have concluded for yourself which heating radiator piping system is better - one-pipe or two-pipe. For a private home small area And multi-story building, the height of which does not exceed 5 floors, single-pipe piping may be an ideal option. In all other cases, it is worth using a two-pipe scheme.

Living outside the city, people invariably face the need to equip an optimal heating system, which guarantees comfort and coziness in a private home. The technologies used today can solve heat problems and reduce the homeowner's utility costs. It will be necessary to decide which heating is best for a private home, install it correctly and subsequently use the equipment correctly.

In a private house, you need to think through all the little details, including what kind of heating there will be

Options for heating a private home

Systems in use today autonomous heating private houses combine ease of use, high technology, efficiency and economy. The homeowner needs to decide which heating system is best for the home when choosing heating boilers depending on their power and a number of other indicators. Depending on the type of coolant used, heating in a house is usually divided into the following types:

• electrical;
• air;
• steam;
• with open fire.

The choice of one or another type of heating boiler and the entire heating system is made primarily based on the area of ​​the house, the characteristics of its operation and the available fuel.

In this video you will learn how to choose a radiator:

Gas boilers are the most popular today, which, thanks to automation, are completely safe to use. Fuel has a low cost, which reduces the homeowner's utility bills. If you have difficulties choosing the type of equipment, you can use the design documentation for the building, which will indicate which heating to choose for the house being built.

Water heating

Water heating is usually understood as a closed system within which water heated in the boiler circulates. The coolant enters the radiators, gradually releases its heat, after which it is again supplied to the boiler by gravity or circulation pumps to heat the liquid.

The water heating system includes the following elements:

• boiler;
• radiators;
• closed pipeline loop.

There are 4 main elements of water heating

The main element of the entire water heating system- gas, electric or solid fuel boiler, which is responsible for heating water and other coolants. Such boilers can operate on various fuels, are equipped with automatic control systems, and are capable of operating in autonomous mode, which greatly simplifies living in a private home.

Radiators in an autonomous heating system can be cast iron, steel, or bimetallic. The latter, due to their efficiency, reliability and durability, have gained the greatest popularity in the domestic market.

By choosing the right material and number of radiators, it will be possible to ensure efficient heating of the room while simultaneously saving fuel.

An expansion tank in the system is necessary to level out the thermal expansion of the coolant and ensure the tightness of the entire system. The dimensions and material from which the expansion tank is made are selected individually in each specific case, depending on the branching of the system, the volume and properties of the coolant and a number of other parameters.

The closed circuit is made of metal or special high-temperature plastic pipes with steel braid and reinforcement. The choice of pipe diameter, their quality and tightness of connections due attention must be given.

The efficiency of the entire system will largely depend on this, and there will also be no need for complex and time-consuming repairs of autonomous heating in a private house.

The power of a water heating system for a private house is selected depending on the area of ​​the building. For efficient heating of a room with an area of ​​100 square meters A 10 kW unit will be sufficient. When choosing a power indicator, it is also necessary to take into account the presence of insulation in a private house, the number of windows and a number of other parameters. It is recommended to select the boiler power with a small margin, which will prevent it from operating at maximum values. This ensures the longevity of the equipment and the absence of serious breakdowns.

Water heating is quite a complex system

Advantages of water heating:

• long service life;
• ease of repair and maintenance;
• fuel economy;
• the ability to maintain the same temperature throughout the house;
• complete silent operation;
• efficient and fast heating of the room.

Among the disadvantages of such systems It is customary to highlight the complexity of the equipment used, its high cost, and the need for special coolants that do not freeze at subzero temperatures.

In the case of using gas boilers, their timely maintenance and repair by the appropriate services is required. Carrying out maintenance of such gas equipment yourself is problematic.

Steam boilers

Steam heating involves the use of special boilers in which water is heated to boiling temperature, after which the resulting hot steam enters the radiators through a closed system. After heating the radiators, the steam in the form of a liquid flows back into the boiler. The steam heating system can be powered by various types fuels, including gas, electricity, firewood and coal.

The advantages of steam heating in a private home include the following:

• resistance to coolant freezing;
• cyclical work;
• complete environmental friendliness;
• no heat loss in the heat exchanger;
• high rate of heating of the house;
• excellent economy.

Like anyone else heating equipment, steam technology for heating a home has certain disadvantages.

This type of boiler is environmentally friendly

These include:

• inability to adjust the heating temperature of the house;
• the appearance of metal corrosion due to exposure to steam;
• high coolant temperature reduces the service life of equipment;
• the need to install grilles on radiators.

The boilers used in water heating systems can be made in single- and double-circuit versions, respectively. Such equipment allows you not only to heat the house, but also solves problems with hot water supply.

By correctly selecting the power of the entire system and optimizing the use of available fuel, you can somewhat reduce the cost of heating your home in the winter.

Electrical installations

In recent years, with the development of solar energy, when it became possible to receive free electricity, heating a home using various electric convectors and infrared heaters has gained popularity in the domestic market. Such devices are reliable, quickly heat the room, and there is no need to lay a pipe system throughout the house; the homeowner will be spared the need to install heating radiators.

The advantages of electric heating include the following:

• ease of maintenance;
• an electric boiler can also be used to heat water;
• reduction of costs for installation and purchase of necessary equipment;
• environmental Safety;
• efficiency and full automation of the heating system.

TO electrical systems heating is usually referred to as underfloor heating, which is often installed in the kitchen, bathroom and toilet. Today there are various technologies arrangement of underfloor heating systems, which are efficient, allow you to quickly heat rooms while consuming a minimum of electricity.

The disadvantages of this technology for heating a private home except for significant electricity consumption, which leads to a significant increase in utility costs. There may also be problems with heat in the house during power outages, which can occur in remote villages, dachas and farmsteads.

Problems with increased electricity consumption when using this heating technology can be solved by high-quality insulation of the building, as well as installation solar panels, which generate electricity used to heat the house.

Air heating

System air heating may include a water heater or heat generator, which is responsible for heating the air in the entire apartment or in one room. By correctly selecting the power of the devices used, it will be possible to quickly heat the room, while thermal equipment completely safe to use, and it can be integrated into the Smart Home automation system.

Advantage air systems- their high efficiency, which can reach 93%. Accordingly, the homeowner's expenses for living in the house during the winter season are reduced. The room can be heated in the shortest possible time, and subsequently automatic system will support optimal temperature, providing maximum comfort of living in a private home.

Individual heating systems can be equipped with various cleaning filters and an air ionizer.

The disadvantage of such air heating systems- increased costs for installation and subsequent maintenance of equipment, dry air in the house, as well as the need for electricity or other energy sources.

Stoves, fireplaces and potbelly stoves

Despite the emergence of high-tech and economical gas and solid fuel boilers, many owners of dachas and country houses, in which they live irregularly in winter, opt for stove heating or equip a full-fledged fireplace with an additional heat circuit. For cottages with permanent residence such options will be ineffective, but in dachas the use of stove heating will be perhaps the best choice.

If you have the appropriate work experience, you can fold a stove or fireplace yourself, which significantly reduces the homeowner's costs. Firewood, coal, wood waste and pellets can be used as fuel. Properly constructed stoves and fireplaces will be completely safe to use, will be able to effectively heat the room, and at the same time they will be economical, consuming a minimum of available fuel.

The best heating systems for a private home combine efficiency, ease of operation, can quickly heat the room and are also very economical.

Choosing what is best for heating in a private house is necessary taking into account the available fuel, as well as the total area of ​​the building. The most popular gas boilers and water heating systems, which can significantly reduce heating costs, while such equipment is reliable, controlled automatically, allowing you to solve heat problems both in a small country house and in a two-three-story country house.

What heating to choose for a private house or cottage? When choosing a particular heating method for a private home, we are guided by a number of factors, among which the most significant are:

1. The financial component, which includes the cost of installation, maintenance, operation and fuel.
2. Possibility of accumulation of heating material.
3. Possibility of using alternative heating options (in case of power outages, interruptions in gas supply, etc.).

The optimal combination of the above factors allows us to identify the most efficient heating, which can be used in each specific case for heating a private home.

Which heating to choose for country house? In order for every reader to find the answer to this question, we will briefly describe the most common and effective heating system design schemes.

Water heating

This type of heating belongs to the category of the simplest and most reliable. The operating principle of water heating is based on heating water using a boiler and its subsequent distribution to room radiators thanks to a piping system.

The use of a circulation pump ensures constant circulation of water in this closed system. The coolant in a water heating system is usually water or antifreeze, and the boiler can operate on coal, wood, natural gas, kerosene and other types of fuel.

Water heating includes the following main elements: boiler, pipelines, batteries, expansion tank, circulation pump, pressure gauges, shut-off valves, automatic air vents, safety valves.

Pipelines used for water heating can be made of various materials:

1. Steel.
2. Copper.
3. Polymer materials.

Steel pipelines, unlike stainless or galvanized ones, are characterized by low corrosion resistance. Copper pipelines are highly reliable and can withstand high temperature and pressure.

Pipelines made from polymer materials, are quite durable, eliminate the formation of sediment on internal surfaces, and are highly resistant to corrosion.

Their disadvantage is the presence of a large coefficient of thermal expansion, which contributes to the formation of leaks.

Thus, the most efficient water heating of a cottage or private house can be achieved using copper pipelines. This opinion is shared by the vast majority of experts.

The only drawback of pipelines made of copper is their comparative high cost, which is compensated by their absolute reliability and ability to last for several generations.

Water heating scheme. Click to enlarge.

Indoor piping can be done using single-pipe, double-pipe or manifold.

Single-pipe wiring does not allow full control of the performance of the entire system due to the impossibility of blocking access of the coolant to one of the radiators.

The option using a two-pipe system is the most effective (for individual houses) heating, allowing free adjustment of the temperature inside each room.

This type of wiring involves supplying cold and hot pipelines to each radiator. The distribution of pipelines can be carried out in a star-shape or in the form of a “loop”.

Collector wiring involves connecting to each heating device from the common manifold of the supply and return pipelines.

Manifold systems are characterized by a high degree of versatility due to ease of installation and adjustment, and the ability to replace damaged areas pipelines (without destroying the floor structure).

Which heating is better (single-circuit, double-circuit or collector) for a country house? The answer is obvious - two-pipe and collector.

Air heating

Air heating of a private house can be arranged according to the gravitational principle (air movement is carried out due to temperature differences thanks to natural circulation) or due to forced circulation (air movement is possible due to the operation of a fan equipped with an electric drive).

This heating circuit allows you to heat rooms without the main elements used in a water heating system (boilers, radiators, pipelines, etc.).

Air heating heats rooms by supplying air heated to the required temperature.

Air heating scheme. Click to enlarge.

The main element of a fully automatic system ( better heating- the most automated) is a heat generator, which can be mobile or stationary.

The fuel (gas, kerosene or diesel) burned in the combustion chamber heats the cold air moving upward under the action of a fan. The heated air is then directed to the heat exchanger, where it can be partially mixed with street air.

Using air ducts, heated air is directed directly into the rooms, ensuring their uniform heating.

The circulation necessary for the functioning of the system is established by returning air to the heat generator through the floor grilles. What is the most efficient air heating for a country house?

The efficiency of air heating is directly influenced by air ducts, which can have various design features:

1. Round or rectangular.
2. Rigid or flexible.
3. Metal (black and galvanized steel, copper, aluminum) or non-metal (plastic, textile).

Isolation of passing through unheated premises or pipelines adjacent to the outer walls is one of the ways to arrange more efficient heating of any cottage or house.

Electric heating

Various electric heating options are successfully used to heat private houses of various sizes:

1. Electric convectors.
2. Infrared ceiling long-wave heaters.
3. Film and cable systems for heating ceilings and floors.

The best electric heating for a country house - a system based on the use of electric convectors, which has gained the greatest popularity and distribution in low-rise construction, especially suburban ones.

The structure of an electric convector. Click to enlarge.

The operating principle of these devices is based on the phenomenon of air convection. Thanks to convection, heat transfer by air is ensured (up to 80%).

Convectors heat cold air due to the operation of special heating elements made from conductive components. The heated air increases in size and rises through the louvers of the outlet grille.

Additional heating of the air is carried out due to heat radiation carried out directly from the surface of the electric convector.

The principle of using convectors for heating. Click to enlarge.

Electric convectors are the best heating (or one of the best) for a private home, inferior to gas only in operating costs, but superior in terms of safety and reliability.

The control units for these devices are equipped special protection from overheating, and the devices themselves have low sensitivity to voltage changes in the electrical network.

How to choose the type of heating

How to choose one type of heating or another? Which heating is more economical and profitable?

Many years of experience in building private houses and installing various heat supply systems suggests that the choice depends on the characteristics specific house(availability of fuel, distance from settlements, financial opportunities etc.).

Any scheme has its positive qualities and some disadvantages. Which heating is better: water, air, electric or stove, for example? For each individual case there is a single answer to the question posed.