How to lay tiles old city. Laying paving slabs old city. Schemes for laying out paving slabs Old Town

Modern trends in the design of garden, country, and street landscapes are diverse technological methods and unique combinations of colors and shades. Thanks to the use of modern dyes, innovative raw materials, and excellent quality fastening materials, manufacturers offer types of paving slabs that are unique in their performance and aesthetic qualities.

Such diversity allows the design ideas and imagination of the owner of the site to unfold, ensuring the beauty and safety of house and street paths, sidewalks, platforms and squares. In this context, one should also consider certain stylistic trends that can be created thanks to one or another type of tile. Tile Old city is an example of how varied styling types can be used. No less important is the color scheme of this line of products, which can be appreciated after a warm summer rain or melted snow. And the format and quality of the surface will allow you to achieve a completely unique effect. This is the sidewalk of a small medieval town, walking along which you can get to the streets of the most famous ancient historical places Europe.

Description

The range of these paving stones is one of the most common and sought-after types of paving. It’s easy to understand, manufacturers offer different sizes and colors, this allows you to arrange the interiors of a patio, space near the porch or front door, large square, pedestrian street and other objects. Even though it is modern and high-tech material, he also has certain priorities that are quite significant and have minor controversial qualities. The advantages of this wonderful material are:

A wide range of design solutions, which are carried out thanks to the variety of colors.
The technology allows us to obtain tiles with high resistance to low temperatures. At correct installation moisture does not stagnate on the surface of the seamless texture of the paving stones.
Non-polished surfaces provide an anti-slip effect; this is a safe sidewalk, public transport stop, and gas station sites.
High indicators of environmental cleanliness. No discharge occurs on hot summer days harmful substances to the air.
The best option that allows you to combine affordable prices and excellent quality.
Ease of operation and repair of damaged areas.
Minimum auxiliary materials.

The photo shows an option for laying paving slabs in the old city:

In addition to all the listed qualities, the Old Town tile has one more priority - fragment parameters. Today, all manufacturers offer products in the following sizes. Three thickness categories:

The technical indicators of this popular material are as follows:

Fragment length - 60/90/120/180 mm.
Width - 120 mm.
Height - 40,60,80 mm.
Weight -94-141-189 kg/sq. m.
Concrete class B20-30-35 frost resistance.
Water absorption cycle F200.
Erasability level no more than 6%

Options for drawings and patterns, laying scheme

Before laying paving slabs, you should prepare standard materials and tools, as well as lay geotextiles. Calculate quantity preparatory materials Just. For 1 sq. meter of area the best option will stock up on 25 kg of cement, three bags of sand and the same amount of sand. This is a classic ratio; it is more practical to make a reserve taking into account specific soil conditions, terrain, design loads and other conditions. The set of tools is quite simple. It consists of two shovels, a marking cord or rope, this must include a trowel, a level, and a soft household broom.

The video shows how to lay old city tiles with your own hands:

The technological basis of installation is as follows:

Leveling differences in the laying surface, leveling the soil.
Marking the outlines of the planned paths; tolerance for the width of the curb is required.
Installation of border elements.
Sand composition - cement mixture, in a ratio of 3/1. It is used to strengthen the installed border.
Paving stones are laid in accordance with the sketches, the elements fit well together and are adjusted in height using a rubber mallet.
Formation of slopes for water drainage.
After laying the paving stones, the entire path is covered with primer; it is especially important to fill the gaps. Remove excess with a broom.

The link describes in detail the technology of laying paving stones. When creating the basic sketch of the paving stone sidewalk in the Old Town, you need to remember one regularity. This is a strict geometry and the presence of transverse or longitudinal directions. In addition, the selection of colors is important - a contrasting combination or a “chaos” scheme, when the designer simply improvises. The use of wicker, parquet, herringbone patterns, and various ornaments reminiscent of the traditions of Italian and Arab masters is applicable. But these options for laying paving slabs are some deviation from classical scheme. You can see it here various options laying paving slabs and paving stones. It is also necessary to take into account some subtleties in laying this type of paving stones, which should not be neglected. First of all, you need to work only in dry weather, for some time after laying the sidewalk you should not wash it, carefully clean its surface from cement residues, these tiles for the path in the country quickly absorb foreign substances and lose their appearance and color.

2gazon.ru

Figured paving elements from the Old Town collection

When landscaping the territory in the courtyard of a private house, Old Town paving slabs provide the developer with the following advantages:

profitability - no cutting waste, low cost of material, no operating costs;
design – for the Old Town collection there are ready-made diagrams layouts, drawings and ornaments to improve the exteriors of building facades, as in the photo below.

Important! For some modifications of FEM (for example, “Clover”, “Rhombus”), manufacturers produce additional “halves” elements that cost almost as much as a whole tile, increasing the construction budget. These rules do not apply to the Old Town collection, since it consists of tiles of different formats by default.

Tile characteristics

Figured paving elements (FEM) have the following performance properties:

abrasion – 0.7 g/cm2;
water absorption – within 6%;
frost resistance – F200 – F300;
strength - bending 50 g/cm 2, compression 500 g/cm 2.

It is possible to lay paving slabs on the blind area, paving garden paths, recreation areas, parking lots and courtyard area of the house, as in the bottom photo.

Configuration and dimensions

The Old Town collection is a medium format mosaic, usually consisting of 4 tiles rectangular shape:

12 x 6 cm;
12 x 9 cm;
12 x 12 cm;
12 x 18 cm.

For paving the roadway, tiles 8 cm thick are used; a parking lot in the courtyard of a private house can be decorated with FEM elements 6 cm thick. In the layout diagrams on garden paths Usually tiles with a thickness of 4–5 cm are included.

Some manufacturers offer options for trapezoidal Old Town tiles with larger/smaller face sizes:

5.3/6.3 cm;
6.3/7.3 cm;
7.3/8.3 cm;
8.3/9.3 cm;
9.3/10.3 cm.

The width of all elements is the same - 8.2 cm, thickness varies between 4 - 8 cm.

Schemes and layout options

Any paving slabs must meet the following requirements of the individual developer:

improve the quality of walkway exteriors at minimal cost;
ensure high installation productivity in the courtyard of a private house.

These conditions are fully satisfied by the Old Town collection:

there is no cutting waste, the tiles are cut only at the junctions with objects of complex shape;
it is suitable for paths, parking lots, porches, and other architectural elements.

The photo shows a complex junction unit, finished with FEM elements from this collection.

General principles

When choosing paving slabs Old Town, the developer automatically expands the possibilities:

all rectangular and trapezoidal elements have the same width;
Therefore, it is possible to lay tiles along or across the paths in stripes, as in the photo below.

Important! The most difficult option for paving paths in the courtyard of the house is a diagram of a chaotic arrangement of Old Town tiles without longitudinal and transverse seams.

Decorating straight sections

To lay paving elements of the Old Town on straight sections, the following schemes are used:

transverse seam - the master lays paving slabs of different sizes between the curbs, orienting them along the width, which is the same for all elements of the collection;
longitudinal seam - similar to the previous method, however, the stripes are formed along the path near the house, as in the photo;
without seams - the most complex circuit, the layout for it is usually done in a graphic editor.

To increase the artistic value of the composition, it is enough to buy colored stones and place them at an arbitrary distance.

Colored FEM elements can be used to zone paths and areas.

Design of winding and radius sections

The trapezoidal FEM elements of the Old Town collection are specially created for paving winding sections. Various size These elements allow for maximum design improvement at corners and intersections. However, if necessary, these same areas can be decorated with ordinary rectangular stones.

The main advantage of the Old Town paving slabs is the rounded chamfer, imitating the natural stone of the paving stones:

laying on the radius section begins from the inside;
the seams between the tiles are moved apart with a wedge, as in the photo below;
longitudinal seams are preserved, the paving stones are oriented along the width of the path near the house.

Advice! Straight sections can be paved with regular Old Town tiles, and concentrated circles and radius sections can be decorated with wedge-shaped paving stones from the same collection.

masterskayapola.ru

Selection of paving stones by thickness

Tiles "Old Town" are produced different thicknesses: 40 mm - light load, 60 mm - medium, 80 mm - maximum. You will decide for yourself what thickness of tiles you need. If you plan to create a coating for sidewalks, garden paths and do not roll carts with heavy loads on it, do not drive a lawn mower or other heavy equipment, then a thickness of 40 mm is sufficient. If the load is greater (riding cyclists, for example), then take a thickness of 60 mm. And the strongest, 80 mm thick, is suitable for paving roads and car parking areas.

Laying methods

To make your site or path look neat and orderly, follow a certain pattern when laying it. Select tiles carefully, taking into account color and size. In the Middle Ages, pavements were laid with granite stone, selecting pebbles of different sizes, and little importance was attached to creating any kind of pattern. But such roads looked colorful. Adopt this method and create some chaos of alternation when laying it. Try not to make repeating spots that are the same in size. color scheme and size.

Consider the diagram. Please note that there are clear lines: transverse and longitudinal. Make them even. The laid out area looks much better with such clear lines. There is also a problem that without smooth edges in large areas you will have to make adjustments to the curb, cutting off part of it - this is not very aesthetically pleasing. Use brick as a border in figured masonry. You will coat it later. Border options are available.

You don’t have to follow these lines when laying, then you will hide some errors. Installing the Old Town takes a lot of time and is not cheap.

Original styling

If you are laying garden paths and prefer to have a lot of greenery in the area, you can leave a 1 cm gap between the tiles and sow grass there. A colored wave with grass between the tiles will look interesting.

When laying, shaped elements are possible: fan, spiral, circle, semicircle, squares and other shapes, brick (like wall masonry), in the form eastern sign“Yin - Yang”, flowers, butterflies, etc. A multi-colored smooth wave also looks great. But the classic “Old Town” installation is a very beautiful and popular paving method.

How to compact tiles after laying?

When laid, compact it with a vibrating plate. If it is made of high quality material according to the right technology, there should be no chips or cracks. You can put rubber on the tile and only then tamp it down to avoid marks on it. Remove cement residues between and on the tiles immediately. Once the cement dries, it is impossible to remove it from its porous surface.

The cost of laying and repairing paving slabs is less than when laying concrete or asphalt. This means that it is more economically profitable.

1landscapedesign.ru

Configuration, colors and sizes

Vibropressed paving slabs called Old Town belong to the category of medium format mosaics, which include 4 rectangular products of the following sizes:

120 x 60 mm;
120 x 90 mm;
120 x 120 mm;
120 x 180 mm.

Possible thicknesses of individual products are 40, 60 and 80 mm. Laying paving slabs Old Town 40 mm thick is used for paving garden paths and paving surfaces with low traffic intensity.

Photo of paving slabs for a car.

The 60 mm thick tiles are intended for pedestrian sidewalks with medium and high traffic intensity, as well as for parking areas inside private courtyards.

Thick vibro-pressed paving slabs are placed in places where traffic or parking of vehicles is possible on the roadway.

In addition to rectangular-shaped piece products, for figured paving and, if necessary, to make patterns, manufacturers produce trapezoidal options. The most common dimensions of its larger and smaller edges with a width of 82 mm are:

53 x 63 mm;
63 x 73 mm;
73 x 83 mm;
83 x 93 mm.

The thickness of trapezoidal paving stones is the same as that of rectangular ones. Other product formats are not standard, but can be made to order.

Photo of paving slabs of standard sizes.

Specifications

The shaped elements of the Old Town paving mosaic are made by vibration pressing with the addition of natural dyes and have the following specifications:

ultimate compressive strength of at least 0.5 kg/cm 2 ;
bending strength of at least 0.07 kg/cm 2 ;
abrasion not more than 0.7 g/cm2;
water absorption no more than B20-30;
frost resistance of at least 200 cycles;
weight, depending on size from 94 to 189 kg/m2.

When producing piece elements for laying paving slabs in the Old City, water repellents and a plasticizer are added, which makes it possible to avoid performing protective surface treatment for a long time.

Paving slabs Old Town: photo of the layout Multi-colored herringbone.

Advantages of the option

Using this tile mosaic for paving paths, sidewalks and roadways allows you to:

obtain a coating protected from moisture and low temperatures during the cold season;
apply a variety of design solutions by configuration and color design paths, platforms and sidewalks;
create a safe, non-freezing coating thanks to the existing anti-slip effect;
achieve best performance in terms of price-quality ratio;
quickly and easily lay paving slabs with your own hands and, if necessary, easily repair them;
during installation, minimize stone processing and the use of auxiliary materials;
achieve high levels of environmental cleanliness, since the material does not emit harmful substances in any weather.

Already developed methods for laying paving slabs make it possible to create a wide variety of mosaic combinations using different colors different shades or, conversely, making monochrome paving stones in one color.

protrotuarnujuplitku.ru

Types of paving slabs

Depending on the material used, paving stones can be:

concrete;
clinker;
granite.

Production technology concrete paving stones consists of vibration casting of concrete with the addition of pigments and other impurities that ensure the performance of the material. Concrete paving stones are highly durable, but are susceptible to damage acidic environment. With prolonged contact with acid, traces of corrosion appear on the surface of concrete paving slabs.

Clinker paving stones are made from special clay rocks by firing in a blast furnace. The product is resistant to ultraviolet rays and low temperatures, to mechanical damage, does not absorb precipitation.

Granite paving stones are made from natural stone; granite coating is the most durable and durable. The service life of granite road surfaces exceeds 50 years. Depending on the production technology, the following types of granite paving stones are distinguished:

chipped - a product with uneven edges, obtained by splitting a block of stone into elements;
sawn - machine-cut stone is distinguished by six perfectly smooth edges.

Methods for laying paving stones

There are several ways to lay paving stones:

on a sand cushion;
for cement-sand mixture;
on a concrete base.

The method of laying paving stones on sand is used for paving walkways, garden plots and other areas with low traffic load. When arranging parking lots for passenger cars, paving stones can be laid on crushed stone or on a mixture of sand and cement.

The technology of laying paving stones on a concrete base is considered the most reliable; road paving laid on concrete is resistant to subsidence. The method can be used to cover heavily loaded road sections.

Important! Paving work should be carried out in dry weather.

How to properly lay paving stones on a concrete base

Laying paving stones with your own hands is done using the following tools and devices:

shovel;
mallet;
building level;
Master OK;
pegs;
cord;
broom;
rake;
manual or vibration tamper;
slats;
Bulgarian.

Scroll building materials:

paving slabs;
cement;
sand;
crushed stone;
curbs.

The technology for laying paving stones includes four main stages:

preparation of the base;
installation of a concrete base;
installation of paving stones.

Preparing the base

On preparatory stage land plot cleaned of roots and various types of vegetation. Mark the area for laying paving stones using pegs and a cord. The soil is excavated, the depth of the pit is about 25-40 centimeters.

At the stage of preparing the base for paving slabs, it is worth taking care of the drainage of atmospheric precipitation. Water flow can be organized in the transverse, longitudinal or transverse-longitudinal direction. The slope for water drainage must be at least 5 0.

Using a manual or vibrating rammer, the soil is compacted. To prevent weeds from growing through the seams of the paving slabs, the land area is covered with a layer of geotextile.

Next step preparatory work- creating a sand cushion. A layer of sand is poured onto the previously prepared land area, the thickness of the layer is about 10 cm. Sandy base moisturize and compact.

A layer of fine-grained crushed stone (crushed stone fraction 5-20 mm) is poured onto the laid sand. The surface is leveled and compacted using a tamper. A layer of crushed stone is poured cement screed. After the solution has dried, a second layer of crushed stone is applied, bringing the crushed stone cake to a height of 15 cm.

Construction of a concrete base

Preparing the concrete base is carried out in the following sequence:

formwork is installed along the perimeter of the site to be paved with paving slabs;
prepare concrete mixture. The concrete mixture includes cement, sand and crushed stone in a ratio of 1/3/2;
concrete mixture is poured onto the previously prepared crushed stone cake with a layer thickness of up to 5 centimeters;
to strengthen the structure, a reinforcing mesh is laid on the concrete base;
a second layer of concrete is poured on top of the reinforcing mesh. The thickness of the concrete layer is from 5 to 10 centimeters.

When settling in concrete base need to be given Special attention the issue of drainage. Experts recommend providing point moisture inlets or storm drains.

The paving stones are laid out two to three days after hardening. concrete covering, but before that they install the curbs.

Installation of curbs

Before laying the curbs, the formwork is dismantled, a trench is dug along the concrete base, and the ditch is backfilled with fine crushed stone.

The height of the curb must correspond to the height of the finished road surface; to maintain the required level, a cord is pulled.

Curbs are placed on concrete mortar, this method of fixation will ensure the durability and strength of the structure. The elements are placed at a distance of about 3 mm from each other, driven into a fresh solution using rubber mallet. The concrete curb must dry; after the solution has dried, the gap between the walls of the trench and the enclosing elements is filled with sand. The sand is moistened with water and compacted by compaction. Next you can proceed to next stage works

Laying paving stones on a concrete base

There are several options for laying paving stones on a concrete base. One of them involves the installation of paving slabs on a dry mixture of cement and sand (prance method), the second - on cement-sand mortar.

To install paving, a layer of dry cement-sand mixture is laid on top of the concrete base. The thickness of the layer ranges from 5 to 6 centimeters. The paving slabs are laid on the edge, in accordance with the selected pattern, and compacted using a rubber hammer. Installation of paving slabs is carried out from the curb, moving from top to bottom towards the drain.

Paving with cement-sand mortar is considered more reliable and durable, however, it will no longer be possible to dismantle the coating without damaging the tiles. Coating installation technology ready solution is as follows: a cement-sand mixture is prepared, which is laid out on the prepared base using a trowel. The layer of solution should be two to three centimeters. The paving stones are pressed into fresh mortar, and the position of the tiles is adjusted using a mallet. The distance between paving elements should not exceed 1-2 mm. Adjusting paving slabs to size is done using a grinder. During the work, the correct horizontal laying is checked with a building level.

A paving machine is used for paving large areas. Laying paving using mechanized means can significantly increase the efficiency and speed of work.

After execution installation work, the seams between the paving elements are covered with a dry mixture of cement and sand. With the help of water, the layer of prancing is compacted. The procedure is repeated until the seams are completely filled with the mixture. The pavement area paved with paving stones must be used in two to three days.

There are many types of patterns for laying paving slabs; one of the most popular types of paving stones is “old city”. Paving tiles road surfaces“old city” is a set consisting of 3 or 4 elements with rounded corners. The stones differ in size and color.

The layout of paving slabs depends entirely on the designer’s imagination. One of the options for the layout of Old Town paving stones is a combination of three colors (for example, yellow, brown and peach) in equal proportions, laid out in a chaotic manner. Another option is a paving scheme using a combination of two colors; stones of the same color are laid along the edges of the path, which turn into a different color towards the center.

We invite you to watch a video that shows the process of laying paving stones on a concrete base:

kirpichguru.ru

Street, country and garden landscapes are designed today according to modern trends. Design technologies differ in different techniques and unique combinations of shades and colors.

Today it has become possible to use dyes and innovative raw materials that have high quality. The same can be said about reinforcing materials.

Thus, manufacturers offer for sale paving slabs with high performance and aesthetic characteristics. This variety allows the site owner’s imagination to unfold, ensuring the safety and beauty of street and house paths, playgrounds, sidewalks and squares.

The “Old Town” tile, installation options for which will be discussed below, is excellent example how varied installation schemes can be. A rather important factor is also the color scheme, which can be fully appreciated after the melted snow or summer rain. A unique effect can be achieved thanks to the quality and format of the surface.

Characteristics

Paving slabs “Old Town” are presented in the most popular and common types of coating. Manufacturers offer a variety of colors and sizes that allow you to decorate the exterior of the yard, the space near the front door or porch, as well as the area of the pedestrian street and various objects.

The described tile has various fragment parameters. Three categories of thickness can be distinguished. For example, 40 mm paving stones are laid on sidewalk paths. 60 mm tiles are suitable for areas with medium traffic, while 80 mm products will be able to provide strength in car parking areas and in traffic areas.

Paving slabs “Old Town” have a length ranging from 60 to 180 mm. The width is standard and equal to 120 mm. The weight of one square meter can vary from 94 to 189 kg. The frost resistance class of the concrete used can be represented by B20-30-35. The abrasion level is 6%.

Laying technology: preparatory stage

Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare standard tools and materials. It is important to determine the quantity of materials. For one square meter area should stock up on cement in the amount of 25 kg. For the same amount of work, you should purchase three bags of sand. Experts recommend purchasing materials with some reserve; this will allow taking into account specific soil conditions, design loads, terrain and other conditions. The set of tools is not so diverse, it consists of:

marking cord;
shovels;
ropes;
trowel;
household broom;
level.

Work algorithm

The technology for laying paving slabs “Old Town” involves leveling out surface differences at the first stage. The master will have to level the ground well. At the second stage, the outlines of the paths are marked. It is important to ensure tolerance for the width of the curb.

Next, the curb elements are installed. Now you can start making a mixture of cement and sand in a ratio of 1 to 3. The composition is laid to strengthen the curb. Taking into account the features of the sketch, you can begin laying the paving stones. The elements should be joined together and adjusted in height using a rubber mallet.

Installation options: installation on a primer with a base

“Old Town” tiles, the shaped elements of which can be laid according to a certain pattern, are sometimes mounted on a primer with a base. The main difference from the technology, which does not provide for a base, is the need to create an additional layer of foundation. It will be rigid, but will be a cushion of concrete or crushed stone. This layer prevents the path from spreading and its partial subsidence.

The primer layer when installing on a concrete base can be minimal. It will only provide fixation on the surface. The characteristics of the “Old Town” tiles were mentioned above, but they are not everything that a master should know. Before starting work, you need to ask what the technology for laying the material is. It is necessary to begin manipulations in dry weather. It is not recommended to wash the coating the first time after installation.

Layout schemes

If you have chosen “Old Town” tiles to decorate a path in your garden or dacha, you should study the options for laying this material. It should be remembered that all trapezoidal and rectangular elements have the same width. Therefore, tiles can be laid across or along paths in separate strips.

The most difficult option for paving the area in the courtyard of a house is a chaotic arrangement of elements. In this case, transverse and longitudinal seams are excluded. If you have to lay the material in straight sections, you can use a pattern with a transverse seam. In this case, elements with different sizes are placed between the curbs. You need to navigate by the width, which is the same for all elements.

The laying scheme may include the formation of a longitudinal seam. This method can be compared with the one described above, but in this case the stripes are formed along the track. Another option for laying Old Town tiles is a pattern without seams. It is the most complex and is usually designed in a graphics editor. In order to increase the artistic value of the composition, you should purchase colored elements that are placed in any position.

To design radius and winding sections, you can use trapezoidal FEM elements. They are specially designed for difficult areas. These components have different sizes and allow for maximum design improvement at intersections and turns. These areas can be decorated with rectangular stones if necessary. Lay tiles on a radius section starting from the inside. The seams between the elements are pulled apart with a wedge. Straight sections are usually laid with regular tiles, while concentrated circles and radius areas are decorated with wedge-shaped paving stones.

Alternative schemes

When considering options for laying Old Town tiles, you should also pay attention to radius patterns. The configuration of the territory and the laying scheme can be any. However, tiles can be laid to integrate any pattern or design. You can use color to highlight the space near the curb when laying tiles bright shade in several rows.

On large areas You can lay out a geometric pattern using narrow stripes. Zoning looks very beneficial. At the same time, the width of the tape is comparable to the parameters of the sidewalk, and the pattern acts as the main design element; attention is concentrated on it.

When considering the layout of Old Town paving slabs, you can choose a herringbone pattern. In this case, two or more colors alternate, which will depend on the preferences of the owner. The territory can be variegated, in this case several colors will be required, the emphasis shifts to transverse and longitudinal seams, as well as original invoice compositions.

Paving stones are a popular building material used for landscaping pedestrian areas, blind areas, parking lots and platforms, and approaches to various outbuildings. The paving stone road surface has whole line advantages over traditional asphalt:

long service life;
high load-bearing capacity;
material strength;
attractive appearance;
environmental Safety;
resistance to temperature changes.

The building materials market offers a huge selection of paving slabs for paving sidewalks, garden paths, and playgrounds. Manufacturers offer paving slabs of classic rectangular shape, hexagonal paving stones and the like.

In addition to the configuration, the consumer is provided big choice size range. The size of paving slabs is of no small importance; the smaller the dimensions of the paving stones, the more evenly the load on the pavement is distributed. Small tiles is indispensable when paving road surfaces with an arcuate configuration, but for arranging straight sections, the size of the paving stones does not play a special role.

Variety of shapes and color solutions allows you to create your own original drawing. Patterns for laying paving slabs such as diamond, old city, and brick are in great demand.

The process of laying paving stones does not require the use of heavy special equipment and special professional skills; laying paving stones with your own hands is within the power of a home craftsman.

Depending on the material used, paving stones can be:

concrete;
clinker;
granite.

The technology for the production of concrete paving stones consists of vibration casting of concrete with the addition of pigments and other impurities that ensure the performance qualities of the material. Concrete paving stones are highly durable, but are susceptible to acidic conditions. With prolonged contact with acid, traces of corrosion appear on the surface of concrete paving slabs.

Clinker paving stones are made from special clay rocks by firing in a blast furnace. The product is resistant to ultraviolet rays and low temperatures, mechanical damage, and does not absorb precipitation.

Clinker paving stones

chipped - a product with uneven edges, obtained by splitting a block of stone into elements;
sawn - machine-cut stone is distinguished by six perfectly smooth edges.

Methods for laying paving stones

There are several ways to lay paving stones:

on a sand cushion;
for cement-sand mixture;
on a concrete base.

The method of laying paving stones on sand is used for paving walkways, garden plots and other areas with low traffic load. When constructing parking lots for passenger cars, paving stones can be laid on crushed stone or on a mixture of sand and cement.

Important! Paving work should be carried out in dry weather.

How to properly lay paving stones on a concrete base

Laying paving stones with your own hands is done using the following tools and devices:

shovel;
mallet;
building level;
Master OK;
pegs;
cord;
broom;
rake;
manual or vibration tamper;
slats;
Bulgarian.

Vibrating tamper

List of building materials:

paving slabs;
cement;
sand;
crushed stone;
curbs.

The technology for laying paving stones includes four main stages:

preparation of the base;
installation of a concrete base;
installation of paving stones.

Preparing the base

At the preparatory stage, the land plot is cleared of roots and various types of vegetation. Mark the area for laying paving stones using pegs and a cord. The soil is excavated, the depth of the pit is about 25-40 centimeters.

Using a manual or vibrating rammer, the soil is compacted. To prevent weeds from growing through the seams of the paving slabs, the land area is covered with a layer of geotextile.

Geotextiles

The next step in the preparatory work is creating a sand cushion. A layer of sand is poured onto the previously prepared land area, the thickness of the layer is about 10 cm. The sandy base is moistened and compacted.

A layer of fine-grained crushed stone (crushed stone fraction 5-20 mm) is poured onto the laid sand. The surface is leveled and compacted using a tamper. A layer of crushed stone is poured with a cement screed. After the solution has dried, a second layer of crushed stone is applied, bringing the crushed stone cake to a height of 15 cm.