Wind energy resources in the Russian segment occupy an ambiguous position. The use of such devices is considered from two sides. On one hand, a homemade windmill is perfect solution to save energy mechanically. This is facilitated by the endless plains, where there is a constant wind speed and sufficient potential energy is accumulated, which is later converted into kinetic energy with the help of a windmill. However, in some regions of the vast country, winds have weak potential due to uneven and slow impacts. In the northern regions there is a third side, where violent and unpredictable winds run rampant. Each home owner can maintain his own windmill on the farm. Buy such a device - expensive pleasure, so it is better to create a wind generator for your home. Let’s decide: which specific type of windmill is more suitable and for what purposes is it chosen?

You can make a wind generator with your own hands from empty bottles

Regardless of whether you choose a vertical wind generator, a rotary wind turbine or another type, the schematic design of the product has the following similar components:

• Do-it-yourself current generator (use an available option).
• Blades (made of hard material that is incapable of corrosion and deformation during operation)
• A tower lift is necessary to raise the installation to the desired level.
• Optionally installed additional system electronic control.

It is easier and cheaper to assemble wind generators with your own hands with a rotor or an axial design with magnets. To choose the right one, let's study the device of each.

Windmill 1 - rotor type design

A homemade wind generator with a rotary turbine is made of two, less often four, blades. Is different simple design, which is why it is made independently from scrap materials. Such a wind generator for a home will not provide the required amount of electricity to a two-story country cottage. The power of the wind generator is enough to supply electricity to a small garden house. A wind turbine for a private home is used to supply lighting to outbuildings adjacent to the household, house lights, household lamps, hair dryers, refrigerators and others.

Preparation of parts and consumables

Depending on what power is calculated wind generator with your own hands, select the appropriate generator for the windmill. We will look at do-it-yourself windmills with a power of up to 5 kW. It’s easy to make a wind generator with your own hands with a rotor. To do this, we will prepare the following materials:

1. 12 volt car generator. To create the device, an acid or gel battery from a car is used.
2. Voltage regulator for converting alternating currents: 12 –> 220 volts.
   Homemade voltage regulator for converting alternating currents: 12 –> 220 volts
3. Overall capacity. Suitable options: stainless steel pan or aluminum bucket.
4. Charger. We use a relay removed from the car.
5. 12 volt switch.
6. Charge lamp with controller.
7. Bolts M16×70 mm with nuts and washers.
8. A simple voltmeter of any configuration from an unused measuring device.
9. Three-core electric cable with a cross-section of at least 2.5 mm 2.
10. with rubberized lining. Will be needed when attaching the generator to the load-bearing matcha.

Do-it-yourself 220 generators will require a standard set of installation tools: an angle grinder with discs, a marker, a screwdriver, a drill with drill bits, metal scissors, a set of spanners, gas keys No. 1,2,3, wire cutters, tape measure.

Progress of design work

To create a windmill design, the rotor is initially prepared. On next stage modify the generator pulley. A metal container is used as a rotor: a pan or bucket. Using a tape measure and a marker, measure out four equal parts. Then we make holes at the ends of the drawn lines to make dividing into component parts easier. Cut the container with metal scissors. If there are none, we perform the same actions with a grinder. From the resulting parts we cut out the blades of the future rotor, but not completely cutting through the workpiece.

It is not allowed to cut containers made of galvanized materials or products with, as the material overheats and deforms.

The rotor blades must match each other in size

To make the windmill out car generator worked correctly, the rotor blades must match each other in size. As an option, you can create a generator from a starter yourself. Therefore, measurements require careful checks.

Now we prepare the generator for the windmill with our own hands. First of all, we determine the direction of rotation of the pulley. To do this, use back-and-forth movements of the hand to twist it left and right. According to the standard, it rotates clockwise, but there are exceptions to the rules. At the next stage, we connect the rotor part to the generator. Using a drill, we make even holes in the bottom of the container and the generator pulley.

The holes should be symmetrically located. Otherwise there is a risk of imbalance in the rotor movement.

We bend the edges of the blades slightly to increase the speed of rotation from the wind. The greater the bending angle, the more effective rotary installation perceives air currents. Rotor blades are made not only from a container. You can make blades for a wind generator with your own hands in the form of separate parts that are connected to metal blank in the shape of a circle. In such models it is easier to carry out repair work to restore individual impellers.

To connect the generator, we take a container with manufactured blades and securely attach it to the generator pulley with boots M16x70 mm or smaller in diameter. Now the assembled structure is installed entirely on the mast. We fix it in accessible places with metal clamps. We mount electrical wiring and assemble a closed circuit. Each contact is connected to the corresponding connector. If necessary, pre-record the markings and color of each wire separately. We attach the wiring to the mast with wire.

After complete assembly of the mechanical structure, all that remains is to connect the inverter (voltage converter), battery and load (instrumentation and lighting). For the inverter we use electrical cable with a cross-section of 3 mm 2 and a length of 1 meter, and for other peripheral loads a cable with a cross-section of 2 mm 2 is suitable. The assembled windmill with your own hands is ready for use.

Do-it-yourself low-power wind generator based on a drill

Advantages and disadvantages of this model

At correct assembly All components, do-it-yourself wind generators from a car generator will serve for a long time without a single problem. The design, powered by a 75-amp battery with a 1000 W converter installed, will provide the amount of electricity for stable operation street lighting or video surveillance devices. The advantages also include: comparatively low price for components for a wind turbine, maintainability, lack of additional conditions for correct operation and low noise design. For example, low-noise 5 kW vertical wind generators are quieter than modern refrigerators.

The disadvantages are obvious: poor electrical performance, low strength, dependence on sudden changes in wind speed, which leads to frequent breakage of the blades.

Windmill 2 - axial design with magnets

Do-it-yourself 220V wind generators with neodymium magnets are called axial windmills. The design of such structures is based on non-iron stators with attached magnets. Due to the fact that the cost of the latter has dropped several times, it has become easier to make a magnet generator with your own hands. The model of this windmill will allow you to obtain more electrical energy than the rotary electric generators you created yourself.

What needs to be prepared?

What is a wind generator, device and principle of operation

Main element of mechanical design axial generator– wheel hub passenger car along with brake discs, which will become the future rotor. If the part was previously used for its intended purpose, then it should be prepared. To do this, we disassemble the hub into its component parts and wire brush We clean the internal and external walls of the element from rust. We carefully lubricate each bearing. Now we assemble the hub in reverse order.

Distributing and securing magnets

To attach neodymium magnets to the rotor brake discs, prepare 20 units rectangular shape with dimensions 25×8 mm.

In magnets with a round structure, the magnetic field is located in the center, and in rectangular ones along the length.

An even number of magnets form poles. We arrange them, alternating one at a time across the entire disk area. In order to find out where the magnet's plus and minus are, we take one of them, and we lean the rest against it, first with one side and then with the other. If they are magnetized, then use a marker to put a plus on this side and vice versa. When increasing the number of poles, we are guided by the following rules:

1. For single-phase generators, the sum of the poles equals the number of magnets.
2. For three-phase, the ratio of proportions is 4/3 in units of magnets and poles, as well as 2/3 in terms of poles to coils, respectively.

Magnets are installed perpendicular to the disc circumference

To accurately distribute the magnets around the circumference of the brake disc, we use a template drawn on a piece of paper. We glue the magnets with strong glue and then fix them with epoxy resin.

Three-phase and single-phase generators

A single-phase stator is comparatively worse than its three-phase counterparts. Due to the variability in current output, high amplitude fluctuations occur in the electrical network, which is why single-phase devices produce vibration. IN three-phase generators the current load is compensated from one phase to another. Thanks to this, the power in such a network is always constant. Vibration influences negatively affect the structure as a whole, therefore, the service life of single-phase generators is much shorter than that of three-phase ones. Another advantage of the three-phase model is the absence of noise during operation.

Coil winding process

Before we start winding the wire onto the generator coils, we make sure that the moment the battery starts charging at 12 volts should occur at a nominal value of 110 rpm. Using these data, we calculate required amount turns in a single coil: 12*110/N, where N is the number of coils. For winding we use exclusively wires with a large cross-section. This will decrease the resistance units and increase the current.

Mast and propeller

The height of the mast should be about 6-12 meters. Formwork is poured under the base of the mast and then concreted. We attach a screw to the top part, which can be made from pipes PVC diameter ohm 160 mm and a length of at least 2 meters. We cut out six two-meter plates from it. We fix the resulting feint on the top of the mast. We strengthen the mast itself with the help of cables nailed on one side and on the other to the body of the structure.

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Features of wind turbine operation

Any of the two windmill models presented is suitable for use as an alternative source of electricity. In the manufacture of such a device, any 220V generator can be used. For example, a do-it-yourself wind generator made from wood has a long service life. A wind generator made from a screwdriver is one of the most simple options windmill Owners country houses will be appreciated. Each type of wind generator has a set individual benefits and shortcomings. The degree of effectiveness of a particular design may vary for different regions our country. Having such a source of electricity at hand will never hurt, especially if such equipment will be used on flat terrain with high wind intensity.

Until recently, wind generators were considered a rarity, but today this area is rapidly developing, and many have gained experience in creating wind turbines to generate electricity. Such devices can be used in the most different areas– for water supply, electrification of private houses, operation of agricultural units (for example, crushers) or heating water for home heating.

Industrial models have many advantages, except for cost. Therefore, today we will find out how to make a wind generator with our own hands and what materials/tools will be needed for this.

Design features and mechanics of a wind generator

The principle of operation of a wind generator is to convert kinetic energy into electricity. The device consists of a number of system elements, each of which has its own function. Let's try to figure this out.

Note! Wind generators can be rotary (vertical) or classic (horizontal). The latter have a higher efficiency, which is why they are made more often than others.

It is worth noting that vertical windmills must be turned towards the wind, because they are simply unable to function with a side flow. Horizontal generators have other advantages. Let's get to know them.

1. Turbines of rotary devices will “catch” the wind regardless of which direction it blows from. Which is extremely convenient in case of unstable/variable wind in the region.
2. It is much easier to build a horizontal windmill than a horizontal one.
3. The structure can be located directly on the ground, but provided that there is enough wind there.

As for the disadvantages, a horizontal wind generator has only one - a rather low efficiency.

Calculating the power of the future wind generator

First, you should find out what power a wind generator should have with your own hands, what are the functions and loads that it will face. Usually, alternative sources electricity are used as auxiliary, that is, intended to assist the main power supply. Therefore, if the system power is even 500 watts or more, this is already quite good.

Note! To heat a private house, which is of medium size, you will need about two to three kilowatts.

At the same time, the final power of a wind generator depends on other factors, including:

• wind speed;
• number of blades.

To find out the appropriate ratio for horizontal type devices, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the table below. The numbers in it at the intersection are the required power (indicated in watts).

Table. Calculation of the required power for horizontal wind generators.

1m	3	8	15	27	42	63	90	122	143
2m	13	31	63	107	168	250	357	490	650
3m	30	71	137	236	376	564	804	1102	1467
4m	53	128	245	423	672	1000	1423	1960	2600
5m	83	166	383	662	1050	1570	2233	3063	4076
6m	120	283	551	953	1513	2258	3215	4410	5866
7m	162	384	750	1300	2060	3070	4310	6000	8000
8m	212	502	980	1693	2689	4014	5715	7840	10435
9m	268	653	1240	2140	3403	5080	7230	9923	13207

For example, if in your region the wind speed is predominantly from 5 to 8 meters per second, and the required wind generator power is 1.5-2 kilowatts, then the diameter of the structure should be approximately 6 meters or more.

What should the blades be like?

The shape of the blades can be:

• sailing;
• winged

As for sail-type blades, they are flat and therefore less efficient. They do not take into account aerodynamics, but spin exclusively under the pressure of the wind flow. As a result, no more than 10 percent of all energy is converted into electrical energy. But for wing blades, the area of ​​the internal and external surfaces is different. It is also worth noting that such blades should be located at an angle of 7-10 degrees relative to the wind.

Now a few words about the material from which the blades should be. For ancient windmills, wooden frames consisting of poles and lintels were used. Special “wings” made of fabric cloth. If the fabric wore out, it was simply replaced with a new one. Although there is Alternative option- take for these purposes dense materials(for example, tarpaulin).

Although you can make blades with your own hands from more modern materials.

1. If the propeller is small, then cut polyvinyl chloride pipes can serve as blades for it.
2. You can also use light metals (for example, duralumin).
3. If you plan to use “sails,” they can be cut from plywood.
4. Finally, for a large unit, the blades can be made from boards (even if they are heavy, it doesn’t matter, they just need to balance each other).

Note! If gusty winds prevail in the region, it is better to give preference to heavy blades - this will ensure more stable operation of the entire system.

As for the diameter of the pipes, it should correspond to 1/5 of their total length. Each of these pipes is cut lengthwise into four pieces, and at the base it is necessary to cut a rectangle measuring 5x5 (the fastenings will be located here), and after that, make an oblique cut, thanks to which each blade will taper from the base. For processing torn edge emery is used.

Making a vertical wind generator at home

Now let’s find out how to actually make a wind generator with your own hands. The procedure consists of several stages; let’s get acquainted with the features of each of them.

Stage one. We prepare tools and materials

There are no requirements regarding the size of the turbine - the larger it is, the better for the system itself. And in the example given in this article, the diameter of the turbine is 60 centimeters.

To do vertical turbine yourself, prepare in advance:

• a pipe with a diameter of 60 centimeters, made of of stainless steel;
• screws, nuts and other fasteners;
• a pair of plastic disks with a diameter of 60 centimeters (it is important that the plastic is durable);
• a hub from a car for the base;
• corners with which the blades will be attached (six pieces for each element; that is, 36 copies in total).

In addition, take care of the following tools in advance:

• keys;
• jigsaw;
• mask;
• protective gloves;
• Bulgarian;
• screwdriver;
• electric drill.

Magnets or small metal plates can be used to balance the blades. If the imbalance is minor, you can simply drill holes in the appropriate places.

Stage two. Makes a drawing

You definitely can’t do without a drawing here. You can use the one below or create your own.

Stage three. Making a vertical windmill

Step 1. First take metal pipe and cut it lengthwise so that you end up with six blades of the same size.

Step 2. Cut a pair of identical circles with a diameter of 60 centimeters from plastic. They will serve as supports for the lower and upper parts of the turbine.

Step 3. You can cut a small hole in the upper support (about 30 centimeters in diameter), which will make the structure somewhat lighter.

Step 4. Mark along the holes on the car hub similar holes in the lower plastic support required for fastenings. Use a drill to make holes.

Step 5. Mark the location of the blades in accordance with the template (you should get a pair of triangles that seem to form a star). Mark the mounting locations for the corners. Everything should be the same on both supports.

Step 6. Trim the blades. You can cut them several at a time using a grinder.

Step 7 Mark the mounting locations on the blades and corners. Make all these holes.

Step 8 Connect the blades to the bases using angles, bolts and nuts.

Note! The power of the device largely depends on the length of the blades, but if the latter are large, it will be much more difficult to balance them. Moreover, the structure can become loose under the influence of strong winds.

Stage four. We make a generator

The generator in this case must be self-exciting, and always on permanent magnets. If you take a regular generator from a car, then the voltage winding here operates from the battery, in other words, in the absence of voltage there will be no excitation. Consequently, if you use a simple generator in tandem with a battery, and the wind is relatively weak for a long time, the battery will soon simply discharge, and later, when the wind returns, the wind generator will not start again with your own hands.

It is also possible to make a system using neodymium magnets. This kind of device will produce from 1.5 kilowatts (if the wind is weak) to 3.5 kilowatts (if the wind is strong). Step-by-step instructions for creating such a generator are as follows.

Step 1. Make a couple of metal pancakes, each about 50 centimeters long.

Step 2. Using superglue, glue neodymium magnets measuring 2.5x5.0.12 centimeters (twelve pieces for each) to the pancakes around the entire perimeter.

Step 3. Place the pancakes opposite each other, remembering the polarity.

Step 4. Place a home-made stator between them (make 9 coils from wire with a cross-section of 0.3 centimeters, each with 70 turns). Connect the coils with an asterisk (as shown in the image), and then fill them with polymer resin. In this case, it is important that the coils are wound in one direction; you can mark the end/beginning of the winding using a colored isolette - this will be more convenient.

Step 5. The stator should be about 2 centimeters thick. The winding should come out through bolts and nuts. The distance between the rotor and stator should be 2 millimeters.

The magnets will be attracted quite strongly, and for a smooth connection it is necessary to make holes in them and cut threads for the studs. Immediately align the rotors, then use the keys to lower the upper one onto the lower one. Then you can remove the temporary pins.

Note! The generator described above can be used not only for vertical, but also for horizontal windmills.

Stage five. We assemble the entire structure

First, install a special bracket on the mast, through which the stator will be attached (which, in turn, can have either three or six blades). Fix the hub above the bracket using the same nuts. Screw the finished generator onto the four studs located at the hub. After this, connect the stator to the bracket, which is fixedly fixed on the mast. Attach the turbine to the second rotor plate. Connect the stator wires to the voltage regulator using terminals.

Stage six. We install a unit that can turn wind into electricity

To install the entire wind generator with your own hands, you need to follow the steps below in the form of step-by-step instructions.

Step 1. Concrete a reliable and durable foundation in the ground.

Step 2. Pouring there concrete mortar, add the studs necessary to attach the massive hinge (all this can be easily done by hand).

Step 3. When the concrete has completely hardened, place the hinge on the studs and secure with nuts.

Step 4. Install the mast into the moving part of the hinge.

Step 5. Attach 3 or 4 guys to the top of the mast (you can use a flange or welding). You will also need a steel cable.

Step 6. Raise the mast on a hinge using one of the prepared cables (you can pull it using a car).

Step 7 The verticality of the entire mast is strictly fixed by guy wires.

Where can such a wind generator be installed?

The efficiency of its operation largely depends on how correctly you choose the place to install the wind generator. The location should be such that the system blades get as much wind as possible. The site should be open and elevated (for example, the roof of a house, but as far away from trees and other buildings as possible). Typically, the reason for this lies not only in interference, but also in the device making some noise during operation, which may not be liked by neighbors or the owners themselves.

For a more detailed understanding of the problem, we recommend that you watch the thematic video below.

Video - How to make a wind generator using a household fan

Rotary (horizontal) wind generator

Such a device will cope with the provision of electricity small house or several outbuildings. The maximum power of the wind generator will not exceed 1.5 kilowatts.

For work, prepare:

• 12 watt car generator;
• relay, battery indicator light;
• the battery itself is 12 watts;
• current converter;
• a large pan or bucket made of duralumin or stainless steel;
• a pair of clamps for attaching the generator to the mast;
• switch;
• wire, 0.4 and 0.25 centimeters;
• bolts, nuts, washers;
• voltmeter.

The tools you will need are the same as in the previous case. First, take a pan (or bucket) and, using a marker and tape measure, divide it into four equal parts. Cut out the blades, but do not cut all the way (as shown in the picture).

Make holes for the bolts in the bottom, then bend the blades, but not too much. Take into account the fact how the generator will rotate (clockwise or counterclockwise).

Next, attach the pan with the prepared blades to the pulley and secure it with bolts. Install the generator on the mast, fixed in advance (to do this, use the supplied clamps), then connect all the cables and assemble the circuit. Rewrite the entire circuit, fix the wires on the support.

To connect the battery, use a 4mm cable with a maximum length of 1 meter. To connect the load, use a cable with a smaller cross-section. Also install an inverter. Below is an example connection diagram.

As you can see, it is quite possible to build a wind generator with your own hands. The design can be of two types, but if you have the skills and proper zeal, you can handle the work even alone. That's all, good luck!

We will send the material to you by e-mail

IN modern world All more money have to give for public utilities, the list of which includes the supply of electricity. Therefore, owners of private houses are increasingly thinking about how to make a 220V wind generator with their own hands, which can provide uninterrupted electricity to the entire house.

Industrial wind generator

All wind turbines consist of a blade, turbine rotor, generator, generator axle, inverter and battery. All models can be roughly divided into industrial and home, but their operating principles will be the same.

Rotating, the rotor creates alternating current with three phases, which goes through the controller to the battery, and then in the inverter it is converted into a stable one for supply to electrical appliances.

The rotation of the blades occurs due to physical impact using pulse or lift, as a result of which the flywheel comes into action, as well as under the influence of the braking force. In the process, the flywheel begins to spin, and the rotor creates a magnetic field on the fixed part of the generator, after which the current is reproduced.

In general, wind generators are divided into vertical and horizontal. Which has to do with the location of the axis of rotation.

Vertical option

When planning to create a 220V windmill with your own hands, first of all think about the vertical options. Among them are:

• Savonius rotor. The simplest one, which appeared back in 1924. It is based on two half-cylinders on a vertical axis. Disadvantages include low use of wind energy.

• With Daria rotor. Appeared in 1931, spinning occurs due to the difference in resistance between the aerodynamic hump and the tape pocket, so the disadvantages include low torque, as well as the need to mount an odd number of blades.

A type of wind generator Daria

• The blades have a twisted shape, reducing the load on the bearing and increasing service life. The disadvantage is the high price.

Homemade option It will be cheaper if it is properly thought out and installed.

Related article:

RCD: what is it? Have you ever heard the abbreviation RCD? You will find out what it is by reading the review to the end. Briefly, I would like to add that this device is capable of protecting housing and all its inhabitants from emergency situations related to electricity.

Horizontal models

Horizontal models are divided by the number of blades. They have higher efficiency, but there is a need to install a weather vane to constantly search for the direction of the wind. All models have high rotation speeds; instead of blades, a counterweight is mounted, which affects air resistance.

Multi-blade models can have up to 50 blades with high inertia. They can be used to operate water pumps.

How to make a 220V wind generator with your own hands

To provide a private home with a constant flow of electricity at an average wind speed of 4 m/s, it is enough to:

• 0.15-0.2 kW, which is used for basic needs;
• 1-5 kW for electrical equipment;
• 20 kW for the whole house with heating.

It is worth considering that the wind does not always blow, so you should provide a DIY windmill for your home with a battery with a charge controller, as well as an inverter to which the devices are connected.

For any model of a homemade windmill you will need the following basic elements:

• rotor - the part that rotates from the wind;
• blades, usually they are mounted from wood or light metal;
• a generator that will convert wind power into electricity;
• tail, which helps determine the direction of air flow (for the horizontal version);
• horizontal yard to hold the generator, tail and turbine;
• match;
• connecting wire and shield.

The shield will include a battery, controller and inverter. Let's look at two options for how to build a wind generator with your own hands.

Related article:

You are familiar with the problem of power outages, which manifests itself in blinking light bulbs. In the article we will talk about how to choose the right 220V voltage stabilizer for your home in order to forget about this problem once and for all?

Features of assembling a wind generator from a washing machine with your own hands

Let's look at how to make a 220V wind generator with your own hands using an old-style engine.

Table 1. detailed instructions wind generator from a washing machine with photo

What to do	Photo example
You should buy neodymium magnets that are mounted in recesses on the engine rotor. The notches themselves are made on lathe, for correct placement, use the diagram.
The magnets must be glued with superglue into the prepared recesses. Then, they should be wrapped in paper, and the rest of the space should be filled with epoxy.
Next, we prepare the axle, which is best ordered from a turner. Inside the hollow structure there should be room for the cable and a hole for its entry. We mount the holder from an iron rod. For it we use a grinder, with which we cut off two tubes (you attach the generator to them), and weld them at the other end.
Let's move on to the blades, which can be made from a 16 cm pipe for external sewerage. In this case, use a jigsaw.
All that remains is to assemble the wind generator, securing all the elements. To begin with, we attach the generator, blades, rotor and tail to the support rail. Don't forget to cover the generator with a casing.
The power plant should be secured using a hinge mechanism, and the mast should be mounted in concrete base for 4 bolts.
Route the wire to the distribution panel.
Connect all elements and perform performance testing.

To make it easier to understand the entire sequence of actions when assembling a wind power plant with your own hands from an old one, watch the video:

Features of assembling a vertical wind generator from a car generator with your own hands

When “homemade” people think about how to make 220V wind generators with their own hands, they most often use car generators as a basis. It is not difficult to assemble, but for work you will need:

• 12V generator from the car;
• battery;
• converter from 12 to 220 W with a power of 1.2 kW;
• aluminum or steel barrel or bucket for blades;
• car warning light;
• switch;
• voltmeter;
• copper wires with a cross-section of more than 2 mm;
• clamp for fastening.

To assemble a vertical wind generator with your own hands, you will need a tape measure and a pencil, a set of keys, an electric drill and a grinder, as well as metal scissors. Detailed installation instructions are given below.

Table 2. Assembly vertical wind generator from a car generator

Action	Image
The prepared metal container must be marked and cut into 4 equal parts, but this must not be done completely. Drill holes for bolts in each part, which should be symmetrical.
Blades that are not completely cut are slightly bent; the speed of rotation directly depends on this process, so decide in advance in which direction the equipment should rotate.
It is necessary to secure the blades to the pulley, and install the generator on the mast using clamps, and also assemble the wiring according to the prepared diagram.
The main thing is to correctly connect the wires to which the battery is connected in the panel, as well as the converter.

To make it easier for you to navigate, watch the video on how to assemble a wind generator from a car generator with your own hands.

Due to the high cost of alternative designs for generating energy using wind, many believe that it is more profitable to make a wind generator yourself. There is a reason for this, but you need to understand that this is not an easy matter, requiring time and special knowledge.

It is the dream of summer residents whose houses are far from civilization to have such a design. And the city dweller began to take a closer look at wind generators, looking at the monthly bills for used electricity.

Rising tariffs lead to the idea that a DIY wind generator would be a good idea for city residents.

Do you need permits?

Making your dream come true is difficult, but possible. For a dacha, a low-power installation, for example, 1 kilowatt, will be sufficient. In Russia, such designs are equated to household appliances.

To install them, you do not need to issue certificates and run for permissions. The main thing is to decide whether installing such an energy source is really advisable.

For the area where you plan to install a wind turbine, you will need to know the wind potential. The Internet will help you do this: you will need to find the “Wind Map” and use the developed formula.

Taxation

There is no taxation on energy consumed for personal needs, so windmills low power You can install them safely and get free energy with their help.

There are no regulations on individual energy supply that could prevent the installation and use of wind generators with your own hands, as well as those purchased in a retail chain.

The same applies to the dissatisfaction of neighbors: installing wind generators with your own hands, necessary to solve personal needs, should not cause displeasure. The latter have the right to make claims if wind turbines cause them real inconvenience. After all, the rights of a particular person end when they cause discomfort to another.

Mast height

Considering the above, when planning to install a wind generator with your own hands, Special attention You need to pay attention to choosing the height of the mast. In addition, you need to take into account existing restrictions regarding private buildings and the location of your site. For example, if there are tunnels nearby, bridges have been built, or airports are located, the construction of buildings higher than 15 m in height is not allowed.

Noisiness

During operation, the gearbox and rotating blades make noise. It is recommended to measure the noise using appropriate instruments and document the obtained values. The values ​​accepted by the standards must not be exceeded. Then there will be no disputes with neighbors.

Interference

IN ideal Windmills must be provided with protection against possible TV interference.

Environmental service

She has the right to prohibit the installer from carrying out installation in the only case where it interferes with the migration of birds. And this is unlikely.

When assembling a wind generator with your own hands, the listed points must be taken into account.

If a windmill is purchased, these points are displayed in the passport, which you need to study immediately in order to protect yourself from surprises.

Feasibility

The feasibility of installing a wind turbine is largely determined by the strength and stability of the wind in a given area.

Conditions

To install a wind generator for your home with your own hands, you need a large area. It must be located at a certain distance from neighbors.

A wind generator is a structure capable of converting the kinetic energy of air masses into mechanical energy.

Thanks to it, the rotor is set in motion, thanks to which a person receives the electricity he needs for the functioning of the devices.

Design

Make up a wind system:

• blades;
• turbine rotor;
• generator;
• inverter that converts current. The latter charges the battery;
• battery powering the structure.

The essence of operation

For such structures it is simple. The rotating rotor produces three-phase current. After passing through the controller, it recharges the battery. Further, thanks to the inverter, it is converted to a “state” suitable for use by household appliances - refrigerators, televisions, microwave ovens, washing machines and boilers, etc.

The diagram shown gives an idea of ​​what transformations the electricity produced by the wind generator undergoes.

Some of it is accumulated, the rest is consumed by devices.

During rotation, the blades are exposed to three influences at once:

• lift force;
• pulse;
• braking.

The last two try to overcome the braking force, force the flywheel to rotate, due to which the rotor creates a magnetic field in the stationary part of the generator, forcing current to flow through the wires.

Motor selection

Those who decide to make a wind generator with their own hands are recommended to use a motor from household devices and cars, understanding that efficiency increases in direct proportion to the volts per turn.

Varieties

Wind turbines are classified according to several parameters:

• number of blades. Models come in one-, two-, three - five - and multi-bladed. Remember that the number of blades is inversely proportional to speed, i.e. the more of the first, the lower the air speed the rotation begins. Multi-blade ones are often used where priority is given to rotation over energy generation - for example, when lifting water from wells;
• the material from which the blades are made. In addition to solid ones, as it became known, they are even suitable thick fabrics, the cost of which is low. They are divided into rigid and sailing, which are lower in price than the first, made of metal or fiberglass, but less durable. Therefore, such blades will have to be repaired frequently;

• the location of the axis relative to the ground. According to this criterion, wind turbines can be horizontal (having higher power and reliability) and vertical. These DIY wind generators are much more sensitive to wind gusts;
• propeller pitch, which can be fixed (more common) or variable. The latter has an increased rotation speed, but the installation is very difficult to implement and massive.

Making a windmill with your own hands will be practically free if you can find one unnecessary details, lying idle somewhere in the garage: the engine of an old car, cut off sewer pipes and etc.

Rotary windmill

The simplest DIY wind generator of this type has vertical axis rotation will easily provide a private home with 100% energy. It's difficult to make, but possible. At the same time, it is even easier than it seems. Blades, for example, are easy to make from metal barrel. They are cut out with metal cutting scissors.

To assemble a wind generator with your own hands, the power of which, let’s assume. should be 1.5 kW, the following items should be on hand:

• autogenerator 12V;
• 12 - volt battery (preferably acid or helium);
• “button” (semi-hermetic switch also 12 V);
• 700-watt converter;
• a container made of aluminum or stainless steel of sufficient capacity - tank, boiler, etc.
• relay (car relay is suitable);
• voltmeter;
• hardware (bolts, nuts, etc.);
• wire 4 mm in cross-section and 2.5 mm;
• a pair of clamps for securing to the generator mast.

Tools

To make a windmill with your own hands you need:

• Bulgarian;
• wire cutters;
• construction pencil for marking or marker;
• metal scissors;
• drill bits;
• roulette;
• screwdrivers;
• spanners.

Where to begin?

As they said, you start making a windmill with your own hands by searching for a large capacity. It will form the basis.

Markings are applied to it using a marker, i.e. divided into equal 4 parts. The following will explain how to make cuts with a grinder. When performing them, the metal cannot be completely cut.

You cannot use a grinder to work with painted sheet metal or galvanized steel, which become very hot. They are cut with metal scissors, remembering that the blades are not cut out completely.

In parallel with the manufacture of blades, the generator’s pulley is being rebuilt. It is necessary to drill holes in it and the bottom of the original pan into which the bolts will be inserted.

They do this as carefully as possible to maintain symmetry. This is necessary so that imbalance does not arise during work.

Next, we bend each blade one by one. But we do this taking into account the direction in which the generator will rotate. More often it coincides with the movement of the clock hand. The angle of bending determines the speed and area of ​​influence of the air flow.

A bucket with a finished propeller is attached to a pulley, and a generator is installed on the mast using clamps. IN last resort connect wires to create a circuit.

To connect the battery, choose a wire with a diameter of 4 mm². 1 meter will be enough. The same one will be needed to connect the inverter.

A smaller cross section - 2.5 mm is enough to connect the load. If you did everything consistently and accurately, the windmill with your own hands will work well, and there should be no problems.

If, for example, you used a 75-amp battery and a 1000-watt converter, a do-it-yourself windmill is enough to keep the security alarm, CCTV cameras and street lighting working at the same time.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

• efficiency of the model;
• maintainability. If an element fails, it is simply replaced with a new one;
• lack of requirements for operating conditions;
• reliability;
• noiselessness.

Flaws:

• not high performance;
• strong dependence on the wind (the propeller can simply fly off).

Neodymium magnets for wind turbines

In Russia they became known not too long ago, so windmills using them have also been made recently. The market has gradually saturated the hype product, so now these magnets are available to craftsmen.

Making a windmill

This design is more complex than the one previously described. Its axis of rotation is horizontal.

Before you start assembling a windmill with your own hands, it is advisable to purchase a hub (one from a car) and brake discs.

The hub will act as a base. Since it has already been used, it is worth lubricating it by first disassembling it and paying special attention to the bearings. There should be no deposits or rust left on them. The generator must be painted. We must not forget about this.

How will the magnets attach?

They require proper distribution and reliable fastening. They are often glued to rotor discs. Twenty 25x8 mm magnets are required for operation.

Important: You can change this quantity, remembering the main thing that the number of magnets coincides with the poles in a single-phase generator and corresponds to 2/3 or 4/3 in a three-phase one.

The poles must alternate. For convenience, a template is made or sector markings are applied to the disk. It is better, as practice has shown, to use them round shape, than rectangular, since in the latter the magnetic field is present along the entire length, and in the former only in the center.

Determining the poles

In order not to confuse the poles, they should be accurately determined. For this purpose, magnets are brought close to each other. In case of attraction, put “+”, repulsion – “-”.

They are placed so that the poles alternate.

The glue must be of high quality for the reliability of the structure. The magnets stick well epoxy resin, covering the entire disk. It is bred according to the instructions.

It should not drain from the disk. To prevent the resin from draining, make temporary edges from plasticine around the perimeter or wrap the disk with tape.

Comparison of single-phase devices and three-phase

Preference should be given to a three-phase stator, since it vibrates less than a single-phase one. Vibrations are caused by differences in current amplitude, which is caused by inconsistent output.

Tests have shown that it is 50% more for the three-phase model. Another important advantage of 3-phase is the high acoustic comfort during operation under load. In other words, it doesn't buzz. In addition, the absence of vibration has a positive effect on service life.

Winding the reel

Having chosen a not very high-speed option, charging the 12V battery begins at 100-150 rpm. The number of turns for this should correspond to 1000-1200. Dividing the turns into all coils, we get their number for one.

The power of the windmill will be added by the number of poles. In this case, the frequency of current oscillations will increase.

If a large cross-section wire is used for turns, the resistance decreases and the current increases.

You can make the manual winding process easier if you use a special machine.

The characteristics of wind generators assembled by yourself are influenced by the thickness of the magnets on the disk and their number.

Coils, as a rule, are made in a round shape, but by slightly stretching them, you will be able to straighten the turns. When finished, the coils should be equal to or slightly larger than the magnets. The thickness of the stator should also correlate with the magnets.

If the latter is larger due to more turns, the space between the disks increases and the magnetic flux decreases.

But greater resistance of the coils will lead to a decrease in current. Plywood is suitable for the stator shape. To increase the strength of the product, fiberglass is placed on top of the coils (at the bottom of the mold). Before applying epoxy resin, the mold is treated with Vaseline or wax, or tape is used.

The coils are rigidly fixed to each other. 6 ends of the phases are brought out, for connecting which they use star or delta circuits.

The generator is tested by turning it by hand. For a voltage of 40V, the current reaches 10 A.

Assembly

The length of the mast is chosen from 6 to 12 meters, the base is concreted. The wind generator itself, assembled with your own hands, is mounted at the top. To ensure the ability to get to it if repairs are required, it is necessary to provide a device that will make it possible to raise or lower the pipe.

This will be ensured by a hand winch. From PVC pipes, the diameter of which is 160 mm, it is possible to produce a propeller 2 meters long with 6 blades.

The form is selected experimentally. But such a propeller must be protected from strong winds, which is what the folding tail is for.

Bottom line

The models considered are each effective in their own way. And the information received indicates that it is quite possible to make a windmill with your own hands.

Video: Vertical wind generator 4kw

Often, owners of private houses have an idea to implement backup power supply systems. The simplest and affordable way- this, of course, is either a generator, but many people turn their attention to more complex ways of converting the so-called free energy (radiation, energy flowing water or wind) in .

Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. If everything is clear with the use of water flow (mini-hydroelectric power station) - this is only available in the immediate vicinity of a fairly fast-flowing river, then sunlight or wind can be used almost everywhere. Both of these methods will also have a common disadvantage - if a water turbine can operate around the clock, then a solar battery or wind generator is only effective for a while, which makes it necessary to include batteries in the structure of the home electrical network.

Since conditions in Russia (short daylight hours most of the year, frequent precipitation) make the use solar panels ineffective at their current cost and efficiency, the most profitable is the design of a wind generator. Let's consider its operating principle and possible options designs.

Since none homemade device not like the other one, this one article is not step-by-step instruction , but a description of the basic principles of wind generator design.

General operating principle

The main working parts of a wind generator are the blades, which are rotated by the wind. Depending on the location of the rotation axis, wind generators are divided into horizontal and vertical:

• Horizontal wind generators most widespread. Their blades have a design similar to an airplane propeller: to a first approximation, they are plates inclined relative to the plane of rotation, which convert part of the load from wind pressure into rotation. Important feature horizontal wind generator is the need to ensure rotation of the blade assembly in accordance with the direction of the wind, since maximum efficiency is ensured when the wind direction is perpendicular to the plane of rotation.
• Blades vertical wind generator have a convex-concave shape. Since the streamlining of the convex side is greater than that of the concave side, such a wind generator always rotates in one direction, regardless of the direction of the wind, which makes it unnecessary swivel mechanism unlike horizontal wind turbines. At the same time, due to the fact that at any given time useful work performs only part of the blades, and the rest only counteract rotation, Efficiency vertical wind turbine significantly lower than horizontal: if for a three-blade horizontal wind generator this figure reaches 45%, then for a vertical one it will not exceed 25%.

Since the average wind speed in Russia is low, even a large windmill will rotate quite slowly most of the time. To ensure sufficient power supply, it must be connected to the generator through a step-up gearbox, belt or gear. IN horizontal windmill The blade-gearbox-generator assembly is mounted on a rotating head, which allows them to follow the direction of the wind. It is important to take into account that the rotating head must have a limiter that prevents it from making a full rotation, since otherwise the wiring from the generator will be broken (the option of using contact washers that allow the head to rotate freely is more complicated). To ensure rotation, the wind generator is supplemented with a working vane directed along the axis of rotation.

The most common material for blades is PVC pipes large diameter, cut lengthwise. Along the edges they are riveted with metal plates welded to the hub of the blade assembly. Drawings of this kind of blades are most widely distributed on the Internet.

The video tells about a wind generator made by yourself

Calculation of a bladed wind generator

Since we have already found out that a horizontal wind generator is much more efficient, we will consider the calculation of its design.

Wind energy can be determined by the formula
P=0.6*S*V³, where S is the area of ​​the circle described by the ends of the propeller blades (sweeping area), expressed in square meters, and V is the estimated wind speed in meters per second. You also need to take into account the efficiency of the windmill itself, which for a three-blade horizontal scheme will average 40%, as well as efficiency generator set, which at the peak of the current-speed characteristic is 80% for a generator with excitation from permanent magnets and 60% for a generator with an excitation winding. On average, another 20% of the power will be consumed by the step-up gearbox (multiplier). Thus, the final calculation of the radius of a windmill (that is, the length of its blade) for a given power of a permanent magnet generator looks like this:
R=√(P/(0.483*V³))

Example: Let us take the required power of the wind power plant to be 500 W, and average speed wind - 2 m/s. Then, according to our formula, we will have to use blades at least 11 meters long. As you can see, even such a small power will require the creation of a wind generator of colossal dimensions. For structures that are more or less rational in terms of making your own, with a blade length of no more than one and a half meters, the wind generator will be able to produce only 80-90 watts of power even in strong winds.

Not enough power? In fact, everything is somewhat different, since in fact the load of the wind generator is powered by batteries, while the windmill only charges them to the best of its capabilities. Consequently, the power of a wind turbine determines the frequency with which it can supply energy.