Installation of street lamps. Street lighting installation Outdoor street lighting installation

17-11-2015, 12:56

The lighting provided by LED street lights and lamps is recognized as one of the most efficient, economical and safe. You can appreciate the convenience and advantages of LED lights both during installation and during subsequent operation. They are durable, provide clean, even light that is close to natural daylight and is completely safe for human eyes.

Choose and buy LED lights today, means to ensure good visibility not only of the crowded streets of cities and metropolitan areas, but also of the private sector, which often suffers from insufficient lighting. The arrangement of a plot of a private house with poles equipped with LED lights is practiced today among many owners of suburban real estate. The question is different - how to properly connect LED-based lights to ensure energy savings and a long lamp life?

Connection features and diagram

Installing LED street lighting fixtures, depending on the type, has its own subtleties. For this, lanterns are used, mounted on low plastic or metal supports up to one meter high, mounted on reinforced concrete poles 2 to 7 meters high and mounted directly on the facade of the building. As a rule, the installation and connection of lamps on the facade or roof of the house does not cause serious difficulties. Another thing is to install spotlights by connecting to a photo relay.

photorelay- This is a special compact device, in another way, it is also called a "twilight switch" or a light sensor. It ensures that the flashlight turns on at dusk and automatically turns off at dawn. In the assortment of the modern market there are many varieties of photo relays, which can additionally be equipped with a motion sensor. In this case, the light turns on and off according to a set timer, for example, at midnight, but flashes again when moving (car, person, pet).

Choosing and purchasing a street lamp for a pole through an online store means getting a complete set and purchasing an additional photorelay. Commercially available photo relays are easy not only to use, but also to install - the connection diagram on the back of the device greatly simplifies the process. Before mounting several lamps, a power wire (cable) with a cross section of 1.5 mm ^ 2 should be laid with a phased connection of LED lamps. Together with the connection diagram, the permissible load must also be displayed. An important rule is to prevent the installation of a large number of fixtures that put a heavy load on the network.

You can also purchase an LED spotlight in the wesem-light.ru store. All goods of excellent quality with delivery across Russia.

Street lighting is one of the conditions for a comfortable, safe life. In addition, the lanterns act as a design element, ennoble the view of the yard. To date, there are many options for highlights, they can be combined, supplemented. Place on the ground, fence, poles, arches.

If you are going to light the street, remember: you can do a few installations yourself, it's cheap. But the lighting system, combination, high-rise installation requires the intervention of a specialist. Installation of street lighting is a very real doable task, but you should not neglect the rules. Let's delve into the topic, reveal the essence from basic concepts to recommendations.

Types of street light lamps

The variety of light lamps confuses when choosing the best type of street lighting. Today, various materials are used for manufacturing, which allows you to complement any design solution.

Incandescent lamps: This is the same “light bulb of Ilyich”. An outdated, uneconomical option, powerful in terms of power supply. There is a strong heating of the thread in an inert gas.

Halogen lamps are a subspecies of incandescent lamps. The addition of halogen vapor prolongs their operation. Common in spotlights, lanterns. Such lamps are efficient, do not require replacement for a long time, and provide high-quality light. They are not recommended for rooms, as they work noisily, and if integrity is violated, substances from the lamp can cause poisoning with harmful fumes. Please note that when used outdoors, they are quite safe.

: Good old Soviet street lamps that light up as if by magic at nightfall. It is controlled through the launcher, the ignition rate is related to the air temperature. In the cold, this process takes longer. Vulnerable to power surges, can go out. As a rule, these lamps are used for large-scale territories. This is supported by economic indicators. If you like this look, we warn you, the lamp gets very hot, special heat-resistant wires are used with it.

Metal halogen lamps: It consists of mercury, inert gas, halides. When heated, substances turn into vapor, emitting light. The number of socles in one lamp determines its power, the general characteristics of which are quite high.

Fluorescent lamps: The peculiarity of this lamp is in the radiation, due to the passage of current through mercury vapor, ultraviolet. Phosphor - a special lamp coating that converts UV radiation into visible light. This is the most energy saving option.

Solar panels: Great option for the yard. There is no power connection, so the lights can be moved. They eat from the sun, are eco-friendly, practical. Distributed in landscape areas, they are an excellent design addition to sites.

How to connect the light on the street?

In order to answer this question, you need to consider the connection diagram of street lighting. One of its components is a relay.
A relay is a device for regulating the operation of an electrical circuit, which can be controlled by setting parameters, time. Relays can also be devices that respond to changes in the external environment, as a result of which the process of closing contacts is started. There are photorelays (reacting to illumination), acoustic, thermal relays.

In our opinion, a photorelay is a better option for the street.
Considering the photorelay connection diagram, let's focus on choosing a device. The maximum load is from 1000 to 2300 watts. Buy relays from trusted manufacturers, pay attention to the degree of protection IP44 (protection from external influences).

Be sure to read the instructions, as the colors of the wires are different for all companies. The instructions should include their designations.

This is a phase, zero, a switching phase (to a lamp). These connections are best made through a special junction box, where all wiring is conveniently fixed. Load switching is the interruption of the phase voltage and its inclusion.

The working “zero” connected to the wire is used for power supply (operating voltage 230 V). From the lamp come out: zero, switching; from the relay: zero (connecting to the corresponding wire from the lamp), switching (goes to the lamp), phase. Two wires come out of the junction box: zero and phase. As you can see, the street lighting connection diagram is quite suitable for do-it-yourself installation, the main thing is to study it.

Technological features of installation

The technology of street lighting installation itself is very voluminous, it includes many points:

Drawing up a project (if you have a large-scale work). Where, what types of lights, how many, what distance, what type of relay, etc.
Choice of lanterns, cable placement (underground, outside), mounting methods (pole, bracket.) If your lanterns will be on the wall, choose a suitable bracket.
Then we prepare the soil, literally, we dig a place for a pole, a cable. We lay the power cord, marking its location (to avoid damage when working in the garden, flower bed).
We connect the cord to the lamp. Pay attention to the location of the relay. For example, if you have a photorelay, light must freely enter it, otherwise its functions will be impaired.
Be sure to check for grounding on poles and brackets. Grounding - the most important element of safety, reduces the current strength. This is the connection of the electrical network with a grounding device that goes into the ground.
The last stage is a survey of the entire system: is the insulation preserved everywhere, the phase resistance is zero (determined by special devices (one of them is the VAF-85 volt-ampere-phase meter)). Only after that it is worth turning on the network.

We have described a simple scheme, the backbone of the connection. This is the most optimal street lighting installation technology. With different lighting solutions, there may be nuances when connecting several lamps, placing a chain, hanging. He will consider the main recommendations regarding working with the power grid, with the help of which you will perform all actions without difficulty, and most importantly, without harm.

Basic safety rules

Choose a quality manufacturer. Chinese cheap wires are often defective. Violation of the insulation leads to heating of the cord, the occurrence of a fire hazard, a short circuit. Lamps made of poor quality materials burn quickly and break easily.
Get a voltage stabilizer. This will protect your system from burnout.
Buy lamps designed for the street. They consist of durable materials that do not allow rain, dirt to penetrate into the base of the device.
High-quality insulation is important, then the connected device will last a long time without repair.
Choose poles, brackets with a protective coating that prevents corrosion.
Underground wiring should run at a distance of 60 cm from the house, 20-50 cm from another cable, more than a meter from gas mains, oil pipelines.
The cable must be accompanied by a support cable along its entire length.

Choose a copper wire with a cross section of 3 x 1.5 mm (at voltages up to 3 kW). The greater the consumption of electricity, the greater the cross section. When laying the cord underground, use pipes as additional protection.

Let's recap. Many types of street lighting allow the imagination to roam, to make your yard truly cultivated. Installation of lighting equipment will not be a problem, with careful study, phased work. Make a work plan so you don't forget anything. After all, electricity requires special handling. This way you protect yourself and those around you.

Lighting is one of the main factors affecting human comfort. Therefore, it is present not only inside the house, but also outside it.

Outdoor LED lamps are a great alternative to standard incandescent lamps, as they consume less electricity at the same level of illumination.

Mounting methods

Street lighting is carried out using various types of lamps. This allows not only to create an optimal flow of light, but also to decorate the territory. It should be understood that for such purposes it is desirable to buy fixtures that can withstand exposure to moisture and temperature changes.

Installation of such systems can be carried out in several main ways:

Wall mount. For installation, lamps equipped with a special frame are used. The device is fixed with a dowel or anchor.
Foundation installation. This approach very often involves the use of metal supports, which turn it into a lantern. For the installation of such a lamp, a metal pipe is selected, to which the device is fixed. Then the whole structure is installed in the soil and poured with concrete.

Connection algorithm

Before proceeding with this task, an electrical cable from the power source should be connected to the luminaire. If the lights are installed throughout the territory, it would be more logical to lay the cable underground so that it does not interfere with the person when moving.

The connection process can be divided into several successive steps:

Electrical wiring. To do this, you can use various methods, the main thing is that the system is safe.
Removing the protective cover. Often it is located behind the device and is fixed with several screws or self-tapping screws.
Connection. This scheme is quite simple and requires the alignment of the phase and zero of the cable to the corresponding terminals on the lamp. Fixation of the wire can be carried out both with the help of spring clamps and with the use of bolt fasteners. Please note that many lamps can only operate on 12 or 24 V. Therefore, it is imperative to connect a power supply designed for these indicators in front of it.

As you can see, the process of connecting street lights is quite simple and requires only following the manufacturer's basic recommendations. If you are not sure that you can do it yourself, entrust it to an experienced electrician.

To make it convenient and comfortable at night, various lighting devices are used for outdoor street lighting. They differ in shapes, type of light elements used, power, mounting methods and other characteristics. Although a large number of alternative lighting models for poles have appeared today, lamps for DRL lamps remain one of the most common.

Technical characteristics of DRL lamps (throttle mercury lamp)

DRL - high-pressure arc or choke mercury phosphor lamp (gas-discharge mercury lamp), designed for night street lighting and large-scale technical and general premises. Differs in the increased light output as it has additional electrodes. Gas-discharge mercury light elements have a number of advantages, which allows them to remain popular with housing and communal services and in the private sector.

Powerful - with standard power consumption (network 220 W), range from 125 to 1000 W.
Bright - light output (Lm / W) up to 60 Lumens (fluorescent is "capable" of only 10 - 20 Lm / W).
Durable – Designed to last up to 20,000 hours.
Economical - consume less energy than incandescent lamps.
Frost-resistant - withstand severe frosts without degrading performance.

All information about outdoor wall waterproof LED lamps is described.

Differences from LED lamps

The fact that DRL "step on the heels" of more modern, LED elements is due to their significant shortcomings:

Delay - the peak brightness of the lamp reaches within 7 minutes, which is not always convenient.
The presence of a choke - it increases the cost of the lamp and complicates the connection of the lamp.
Noise accompaniment - a functioning throttle emits a hum.
Weak color rendering - the spectrum of the lamp is limited.
Fluctuations in flow - the lamp "blinks" during operation.
Difficulties in operation - since the working height of the lamps is on average 4 meters, installation, replacement of lamps and cleaning of ceiling lamps from midges require special equipment.

Details about LED spotlights for street lighting are set out.

Lamps with DRL are somewhat inferior to LED ones in terms of characteristics, but outperform incandescent lamps. But in terms of the combination of price and quality, gas-discharge ones are superior to LED ones, they are more affordable.

Types of devices with DRL, their parameters and cost

Two main types of lights are produced for DRL devices, which best meet the scope of application.

Console

All the usual, drop-shaped lamps for poles, fixed at an angle of 15 ° relative to the horizontal. Designed for one or more (up to three) lamps, they have both built-in and external choke. The body and reflector are made of special sheet steel. The plafond can be completed with a protective glass cap or a metal lattice. Used lamps: 125, 250, 400 watts. The price depends on the power. The cost of a 400 V DRL lamp is from 2000 rubles. DRL console luminaires are designed for high poles and lighting large areas. Mounting height from 3 to 5 meters.

Find out what outdoor ground lamps are.

Crowning (floor lamp)

Usually made in the form of a frosted or transparent ball of glass or polycarbonate, a pillar, support or decorative cabinet acts as a base. They also produce floor lamps in the form of an inverted cone, in which the glass diffuser is supplemented with a protective metal cap. The throttle is located at the base of the ceiling, the lamp used: 125, 150 watts. Installation height from 3 to 5 meters.

Pillar lamps DRL are designed for high-rise lighting. Consoles give side, asymmetrical light, from floor lamps the lighting is distributed evenly. Console equipped with reflectors and cover a solid area. A necessary element of street lighting will be.

The specific cost of fixtures for DRL depends on the manufacturer and body materials, console models with protective glass and glass crowning ones are more expensive. On average, the price of a console lamp starts at 900 rubles, for a crowning polycarbonate variety you will have to pay at least 1,400 rubles. If you settled on a glass floor lamp, prepare at least 2,500 rubles.

How to connect street lighting

If municipal services are engaged in the lighting of streets, roads and parks, then each owner equips his summer cottage or personal plot independently, based on his capabilities and preferences. Console lamps DRL, this is the best option for the upper tier of lighting, you can install one or more poles to completely cover the area.

Floor lamps will look good along the alleys, above the benches, above the gates. Being located below, relative to the console, they form the second tier. One of the advantages of DRL lamps is their availability, on the scale of a large area, with a large number of lighting points. The savings from their use are tangible. It will turn out both effectively and decoratively.

Although the energy consumption of DRL lamps is lower than that of incandescent lamps, if they are lit all night long, the bills for payment will contain a significant amount. To cut costs, you should use . They can be equipped with lamps of the lower tier, since their light is required periodically.

You will find more details about the photo relay for street lighting.

Connection

Unlike other lamps, gas-discharge mercury lamps are connected to the network through a ballast (ballast) - a choke. This is a stabilizer that converts the rated mains voltage into starting voltage, which is more than 2 times higher. Without a choke, the light bulb will simply burn out when turned on. The circuit is a series connection of a lamp with a choke, connected to the network.

For several centuries, various lighting devices have been used for outdoor lighting of various territories and objects. In addition, with their help, experts try to betray the landscape a special sophistication. Therefore, the issue of competent installation of street lighting is becoming more and more relevant every year.

Proper organization of installation

The first step is to develop a street lighting project. It needs to take into account:

terrain;
the level of required illumination of the territory;
the length of the outdoor lighting line;
the total power of the installed electrical equipment;
choose the optimal cross-section of cables;
the number of installed lighting devices and their design;
its protection and control systems.

Variety of light source options

Recently, LED lamps are increasingly used for mounting outdoor lighting. They visually resemble ordinary incandescent lamps. But I can significantly save energy consumption. In addition, they are able to provide the necessary illumination of the territory for a fairly long period of time. Since they are distinguished by fairly good resistance to high humidity and fluctuations in the temperature regime of the environment.

But sometimes other light sources are also used for electric lighting of certain objects, for example, fluorescent or incandescent ones.

Variety of supports

Various structures are traditionally used as supports.

Support pillars. Traditionally, they are made of reinforced concrete, various rolled metal or wood.
Air metal cable. It is pulled between poles over sidewalks or highways.
Power line pylons.

Types of street lighting

Recently, landscape designers have increasingly been directly involved in its organization. They began to conditionally divide it into two types:

Main. Ensuring the safety of the movement of people and vehicles in the dark. Traditionally, it is located along the pedestrian paths in the streets, squares, parks.
Decorative. Betraying great attractiveness to various objects. For example, monuments of architecture. To do this, traditionally, as a rule, the installation of LED spotlights for street lighting of various designs is carried out.

Given this separation, the type of lighting device and its power are selected. After all, the amount of light emitted by them should be sufficient for the safe movement of pedestrians. But at the same time, do not blind the drivers of passing vehicles.

Based on this, it is also required to determine the optimal height of the street lighting fixtures.

It is necessary to work out a system for delivering electricity to lighting devices. Traditionally, it is carried out by air or by laying cables in the ground.

Classification of lighting standards

The brightness of the glow of street lamps is determined on the basis of current building codes. It is selected in such a way that the emitted light allows pedestrians to freely move around the territory at night, but also does not interfere with drivers of moving vehicles.

When installing street lighting, it is necessary to take into account not only the brightness of lighting fixtures, but also their location.

After all, they are mounted on the facades of buildings. This makes it possible to highlight house numbers or other advertising and information objects.

Control system

Competent installation of street lighting allows you to provide several ways to control it:

Manually. The dispatcher turns it on and off at a specific time.
Automatically. Turning on or off the lamps is carried out using special sensors. It emits a signal when a predetermined light level is reached.

Features of equipment installation

underground;
by air.

Underground cabling

It is necessary to lay electric cables in the ground only using special plastic or reinforced concrete trays or protective covers. To do this, a trench breaks out at least 40 cm deep.

Tip: If you want to lay the cable only in a protective casing, then experts recommend laying any plastic or metal mesh directly above it. When they start accidentally digging in the area of the laying of the electric main, they will certainly stumble upon such protection.

Aerial cabling

In this option, you must first install the supporting pillars. And already they pull the carrier cable. And the electric cable is directly fixed on it using special clamps.

Competent sequence

Installation of street lighting begins with the development of an appropriate project. It calculates the required level of illumination of the area. Based on this parameter, lighting fixtures are selected. Defined:

number of lighting devices, their type, construction, design;
number and model of supporting pillars;
the best way to lay the electrical cable.

The territory is also being studied for the presence of other underground or ground communications.

Taking into account the chosen method of supplying electricity, trenches are dug or support poles are installed.

An electric cable is laid or hung according to the drawn up scheme.

Checking the functionality of lighting fixtures.

They are mounted on support poles.

Power is supplied. In this case, a grounding system must be provided.

After connecting all the fixtures, the operability of the insulating system must be checked.

If all the parameters comply with the standards, then we start street lighting.