Production sunflower oil: feasibility of this type of business + types of sunflower oil + step by step plan implementation of business ideas + production technologies + full list necessary equipment+ detailed analysis of expenses and income.

If you want to become a successful businessman in the field of production, but have not yet decided on the direction, we propose to consider a promising industry in this area of ​​business - the production of sunflower oil.

Despite the very high competition in this industry, such an enterprise is practically doomed to success. And the thing is that sunflower oil is a product that enjoys constant popularity, and the demand for it is constantly high.

In this article, we will look at how profitable such a business can be and what is needed to implement it.

Sunflower oil production: business relevance

The fact that the popularity of the vegetable oil business in Russia is increasing every year can be judged from the diagram, which clearly demonstrates that the volume of manufactured products is only increasing every year.

At the same time, pay attention to the level of consumption of sunflower oil by the Russians themselves. He remained at the same level. This suggests that the production of sunflower oil does not have the only sales channel (at home). Russian sunflower oil is exported to foreign countries, moreover, it is in great demand there.

Basically, bottled products are exported to Uzbekistan, while the bulk product is in great demand in Turkey:

Such high demand sunflower oil is caused by the fact that it is widely used in a wide variety of industries:

• Cooking.
• Canned food production.
• Soap making.
• Medicine.
• Cosmetology.
• Manufacturing paints and varnishes.

But the demand for vegetable oil is far from the only reason why many businessmen start their entrepreneurial activities in this particular area. The popularity of the business line is also due to the fact that the production of sunflower oil is a waste-free production.

Let's explain how this can be. The fact is that when processing sunflower seeds, in addition to the oil itself, we also get husk (a product of seed cleaning) and cake (a product of oil extraction), which can also be successfully implemented for different needs.

And finally, let's note another important advantage of organizing this business idea: the production of sunflower oil has many nuances that you have to face in the role of an organizer-entrepreneur, but the launch of such enterprises does not require special education and skills.

The business quickly pays off and, despite numerous competitors, finds sales markets in all regions of the Russian Federation. You can start such a business with a minimum production capacity, gradually increasing the scale.

After listing many pros and proving that such a business is indeed very expedient these days, let's move on to the next question.

What are the types of sunflower oil produced?

All enterprises for the production of oil from sunflower seeds are aimed at the production of two main types: refined and unrefined sunflower oils.

The main difference between them is the way they are processed. If unrefined oil lends itself only mechanical cleaning, then the refined oil, before reaching the supermarket counter, settles and goes through the processes of hydration, deodorization and bleaching.

More popular is precisely refined vegetable oil, since it does not have a pronounced smell and taste, and therefore can be used in any of the industries.

In addition, do not forget about sunflower seed processing products, which are also in great demand. Husk, for example, is used as an additive to building materials, and cake and meal are in demand in the production of pet food.

Having dealt with the main products of production, let's talk about organizing an enterprise for the production of vegetable oil.

Step-by-step implementation of a business idea for the production of sunflower oil

Business in this industry, like any other, requires careful preparation to the launch of the enterprise. We will briefly analyze each of the stages of organizing your own production so that you have an idea of ​​how to build a business in this area.

The plan for organizing a business idea consists of 5 main stages.

Stage 1. Registration of the company.

Before you begin to slowly establish the production process, you need to be at the legal level.

Most often, a limited liability company (LLC), that is, a legal entity, is registered for the organization of production. But this solution makes sense if you are planning large-scale production. When it comes about a small, "home" company, you can register as individual entrepreneur(IP).

You can find detailed registration guides on the FTS website:

• https://www.nalog.ru/rn77/ip/interest/reg_ip/petition (for individual entrepreneurs);
• https://www.nalog.ru/rn77/yul/interest/reg_yl/register (for LLC).

The production of vegetable oil does not require a large number of permits, which greatly simplifies its registration. But do not forget about the mandatory presence of permits from the fire service and the sanitary and epidemiological station.

Stage 2. Rent and arrangement of production and storage facilities.

In order to start manufacturing products, you will need to purchase or rent several premises:

• First- production area, which is calculated in the amount of 40 sq.m. per 1 ton of products manufactured per day.
• Second- this is a warehouse, the dimensions of which should be 2 times the size of the production part. This is justified by the fact that the storage of sunflower seeds must be treated scrupulously, not stacking it too tightly.
• Third Is a small warehouse for storing husk. Its area is approximately ¾ of the area of ​​the production workshop.

As for the preparation of the premises, they must comply with the requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological station, as well as the requirements of counter fire safety.

Stage 3. Purchase of equipment and search for suppliers.

As soon as you find the premises, you can. What kind of equipment is needed, we will analyze a little later.

Choosing a supplier of seeds from which you will produce your oil is a responsible business. Finding the latter for today is not difficult. If you live outside the city, then most likely you will be able to purchase raw materials directly from local residents. If there are no such suppliers near you, then look for them on the Internet or in newspapers.

The main thing is that the supplied raw materials are of high quality, since the quality of your products will also depend on them.

Stage 4. Hiring employees.

Depending on the size of your business, the number of employees may differ.

But in any case, this type of business is good because you don't need a lot of specialists. It is enough to recruit 5-7 technologists and foremen with specialized education in the staff. Certainly in your team, in addition to the latter, there should be movers, storekeepers, and also an accountant.

Stage 5. Start of production and sale of products.

When the entire production scheme is established, you can start working.

You must take care of the sales markets of your enterprise in advance so that, having received the first batch of products, you immediately start selling it and begin to cover your costs of setting up a business. We will talk about them in detail at the end of this material.

Now that we have a clear plan for organizing our business, let's talk about the production technology and the equipment that we need.

Detailed technology for the production of sunflower oil

Today sunflower oil can be produced in two main ways:

1. Using screw presses (press method).
2. By extraction (extraction method).

The difference between the methods is in what kind of action the seeds lend themselves to.

When processing seeds with auger presses, the oil is squeezed out, after which we get 2 products - oil and cake. The oil obtained in this way is usually called "raw".

When the extraction method is used, organic solvents are used instead of presses to maximize oil production. For the production of oil in this way, special equipment is used - an extractor.

In the course of obtaining oil by the second method, we also obtain 2 products: miscella (an oil solution in a solvent) and a fat-free rest of the mass - meal. Further, to obtain oil, it is necessary to distill off the solvent in a distiller and filter out the sunflower oil.

To better understand the whole process of processing seeds to obtain sunflower oil, we use the diagram.

First, let's consider the first method of oil production - press:

As this simple scheme demonstrates to us, the technology for the production of sunflower oil by the pressing method is as follows:

• Sunflower seeds on initial stage must be cleaned of all sorts of impurities. This happens with the help of magnetic and sieve separators.
• Next, the seeds must be properly dried in order to reduce their moisture as much as possible.
• After that, the grains need to be rolled or, more simply, crushed. In the process, we get a processed product, which is called mint.
• In order to be able to obtain oil in the future, mint is heat treated - first, it is doused with steam, and then fried in braziers.
• Thus, after the actions taken, we get the pulp. It is from it that sunflower oil will be squeezed out. As a result, we will have two products: oil and cake.

As for the extraction method, at the first stages of the technological process, sunflower seeds are amenable to the same types of processing. However on final stages production, instead of using screw presses, extraction is used, that is, the dissolution of oil with organic substances.

The first method of sunflower oil production is undoubtedly more environmentally friendly, but the second option surpasses it in its economy.

That is why many manufacturers use, say, a combined method to obtain sunflower oil: first, the oil is squeezed out on presses, and then, to obtain its maximum volume, the cake can be extracted.

Now, to get the final product, the sunflower oil will be refined. This process of sunflower oil processing consists of a number of stages, which are aimed at maximizing its purification from impurities, getting rid of its characteristic odor and color.

Having dealt with the production process, we will analyze what kind of equipment is needed and what is its cost.

Equipment for the production of sunflower oil

We will analyze the equipment necessary for completing the technological line based on the production scheme, when the seeds are first compressed, and after extraction.

So, the equipment for the production of sunflower oil includes 8 main devices:

equipment identification	Appointment	Price	Image
Separator	For separating seeds from large impurities	From 40 thousand rubles.
Crumbling machine		From 70 thousand rubles.
Roller machine	For grinding seeds (to obtain mint)	From 400 thousand rubles.
Brazier	For heat treatment of mint. There are fire and steam (depending on the type of treatment - heat or steam)	Fire - from 75 thousand rubles. Steam - from 300 thousand rubles.
Screw press	To squeeze oil	From 600 thousand rubles.
Filter	For filtering the squeezed oil	From 80 thousand rubles.
Extractor	To remove residual oil	From 500 thousand rubles.
Bottling line	For pouring oil into containers	From 700 thousand rubles.

Thus, all the equipment required to manufacture the product in the above way will cost approximately 2.5 million rubles. (taking into account that a fire brazier will be purchased, not a steam brazier).

Recall that the prices for equipment may differ depending on the selected manufacturing company and the region of Russia. Also, if you use the press method of seed treatment, you can ignore the cost of buying an extractor.

Ultimately, your production line will look like this:

And now is the time to find out what other expenses a novice entrepreneur will incur in this area, and how quickly the enterprise can pay off.

Calculating the cost of organizing a business and estimated income

When making vegetable oil, it is necessary to provide for the following costs:

• For registration entrepreneurial activity- up to 10 thousand rubles.
• For rent of premises - from 50 thousand rubles.
• Transportation costs - up to 50 thousand rubles.
• On utilities- up to 35 thousand rubles.
• For the purchase of equipment - up to 25,000 thousand rubles.
• For the payment of wages to employees - from 200 thousand rubles.
• Advertising - up to 25 thousand rubles.
• For the purchase of raw materials - from 300 thousand rubles.

The total amount of start-up capital for launching your own enterprise in this industry will be from 3.2 million rubles.

This figure assumes that the enterprise will process 5 tons of sunflower seeds per day. You can organize a smaller-scale production, then the amount of material investments will decrease.

Now regarding the payback:

• By processing 1 ton of raw materials, we get 350 liters of product and 650 kg of meal. By selling this product, you can gain about 44.5 thousand rubles by investing about 27 thousand rubles in the purchase of the raw materials. In this case, the amount of profit will be equal to 17 thousand rubles.
• This calculation allows us to assume that the payback of the enterprise, depending on its scale, will vary within 1-2 years. Some small businesses manage to recoup their investments within six months.
• The profitability of a business in this area, as a rule, ranges from 7 to 20%.

Vegetable oil production. What should be
real tasty vegetable oil?

Crude oil production technology
cold pressed.

Sales markets of manufactured products

As already mentioned, sunflower oil is a product that can be sold in any region, and the demand for it is consistently high.

Most often, the distribution channels for such products include:

1. Supermarkets.
2. Small grocery stores.
3. Food markets.
4. Restaurants and cafes.

In addition, such a product is needed in other catering establishments, for example, in canteens, in schools, kindergartens, at factories and factories. Also vegetable oil can be sold abroad.

The main thing is not to forget about advertising your brand. You can print advertisements in newspapers, on billboards, broadcast videos on TV. For large-scale production it is advisable to involve specialists in the promotion.

We analyzed in detail the production of sunflower oil in Russia and considered the most important questions: how the product is produced, what equipment is required for this and what capital is needed at the start.

As a result, we note that such a business requires a lot of investments + it is not the easiest one to organize, but it is very popular and profitable. Because if financial opportunities you are allowed to think about the implementation of such an idea, do not put it in a distant box.

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Sunflower oil is the most widespread type of vegetable oil in Russia, used in cooking, medicine, cosmetology and other fields. 85% of Russians regularly consume vegetable oil. The demand for it is consistently high and continues to grow.

It is made from sunflower seeds - a profitable idea that can bring high income. In this article, we will tell you in more detail how to properly organize a business and get the maximum profit. Also, the reader will get acquainted with the calculations of the payback of the case.

Brief Market Analysis

Sunflower oil is one of the most popular products on Russian market fat and oil products. Among other oils, it takes the maximum share - 86.8%.

Entrepreneurs wishing to start the production and sale of sunflower oil need to know about the main trends in the industry, which is highly competitive, high capacity and rich.

The enterprises operating in the market are the leaders of the agro-industrial complex of the country. More than a dozen large manufacturers, wholesalers dominate the market. The current situation can be called oligopolistic. It will take a lot of effort to take market share and get your buyer.

Consumption of vegetable oil in the country

There is some potential for market growth. The buyer in the country is satisfied, for the most part, with the Russian product, whose share is 83.5%.

Table 1. In what quantity was consumed vegetable oil in 2015-2018.

A noticeable increase occurred in 2017 - due to big harvest oil crops in 2016.

According to the baseline forecast scenario, consumption will continue to grow by 2% every year and will reach 7782 thousand tons in 2025.

The market has not exhausted its potential, and this provides excellent opportunities for entrepreneurs to start a new plant.

Methods for the production of different types of oil

The production process is divided into several technological stages:

1. Cleaning and processing of seed mass. Separators and aspirators are used. Depending on the processing method, the following processes are performed:
   • sifting through a sieve;
   • purging the mass with an air stream;
   • separation by ferromagnetic method.
2. Preparing the mass for extraction. You can extract raw materials only after processing the seeds. With vegetable oil production equipment, they are conditioned and dehulled / peeled. Valuable kernels are separated from the shell and crushed.
3. Oil is extracted from the prepared mass. One of 3 methods is used: pressing, centrifugation, extraction. Extraction is the most economical way obtaining a high quality product.
4. If necessary, the oil is refined (purification from impurities).
5. The product is poured into containers, packed and labeled.

Scope of application

The oil is widely used in cooking. It is also needed:

• for the preservation of food products (meat, vegetables, fruits);
• to create paints and varnishes (drying oil, paints);
• when the soap is made;
• creation of medical, cosmetics(creams, ointments, lotions, lipsticks).

In these cases, one cannot do without refined oil - that is, purified from pronounced sunflower aromas. Therefore, it is better to purchase refining equipment. The likelihood of buying refined sunflower oil is higher, since the field of application is wider.

The production of refined sunflower oil itself is waste-free, because sunflower processing products can also be sold. The cake is required on livestock farms as biofuel. Miscella is needed to create paints and varnishes, husk - to create fuel briquettes.

What you need to open a business

In this business plan for the production of butter, we have selected the equipment that is optimal in terms of price and quality, which will allow us to load a small enterprise with work and create a high quality product. The purchase of equipment is the largest item of expenditure. Every month most of the money is spent on the purchase of raw materials.

Table 2. Start-up costs for a vegetable oil business.

Consumable item	Cost, rub.
Registration, certification
Premises for rent, 600 sq. m
Equipment (plus costs for delivery, start-up, adjustment)
Raw materials (for a month)
Wage
Additional expenses
Total	15.34 million

The calculations are relevant for a city with a population of about 1 million people. Additional costs include the costs of communal payments, advertising, cosmetic repairs.

The documents

An entrepreneur can organize a business in the form of an individual entrepreneur or legal entity(OOO). It all depends on the volume of production and sales of goods. It is better to choose an LLC - this form will allow you to cooperate with large wholesale and retail companies and shops.

It is not necessary to obtain a mandatory certificate of conformity for the manufacture of oil. Pass the check and issue a voluntary certificate - this will simplify the work with buyers and intermediaries.

Table 3. Normative documents.

Vegetable oil production technologies

You can make refined and unrefined oil. The difference is in the degree of purification from smell and taste. Refining allows you to get a clean product suitable for both culinary and other industries.

The technology for the production of vegetable oil is as follows:

1. On the separator, the mass is cleaned of husks, leaves, stems, and other impurities.
2. On a crumbling machine, the seeds are dried and collapsed.
3. On a roller mill, the raw material is cleaned of husks, crushed into a mushy state.
4. In the braziers, the seeds are warmed up and easily roasted.
5. The screw press is used to squeeze and separate the cake (pulp).
6. On special equipment, residues of cake are removed during primary filtration. Filtering can be performed several times.
7. The product is refined and deodorized. Refining methods:
   • physical (upholding);
   • chemical (hydration);
   • physico-chemical (bleaching).
8. On the filling device, the goods are poured into containers.

The production technology is presented in the following video:

Premises

Sanitary rules for enterprises carrying out the production of vegetable oil are indicated in SanPiN 1197-74. Studying and taking into account the requirements will make it possible to obtain permits, positive conclusions from the sanitary-epidemiological, fire, gas, electrical service and water utility without unnecessary difficulties.

For the organization of production, placement of machines will require about 250 sq. m of space. About 300 sq. m will be occupied by warehouses where raw materials, finished products, as well as processed products - cake / meal and peel (husk) will be stored.

We need an area for an administrative office, a room for employees. You will need to equip a bathroom. It is also necessary to create a convenient transport access to the workshop, organize a place for loading and unloading operations.

A small factory will require at least 600 sq. m area.

Raw materials

To make sunflower oil, you need sunflower seeds. Finding raw materials in Russia is not a problem. More than 80 varieties and hybrids of the plant are cultivated in the country.

Almost all sunflower varieties are suitable for extraction, except for white and gray ones. It is recommended to buy the seeds of the oilseed varieties (such as "Lakomka", "Orange Miracle"). Don't buy hybrids - varietal seeds produce a tastier product.

By the cold pressing method, 1 ton can be obtained from 4.5 tons of raw seeds. If you squeeze fried seeds, you will need about 2.5 tons of seeds to get 1 ton of product. .

Equipment for the production of vegetable oil

You can buy the equipment separately or the entire creamery (line). The second case is relevant for entrepreneurs who plan to produce more than 30-35 tons per day. With smaller volumes of oil production, it is advisable to purchase equipment separately. You will need:

• line for oil production;
• refining line;
• filling device / filling machine.

The equipment selected for our business plan will allow us to produce 7 tons per standard shift (8 hours). The refining line has the same capacity, the filling machine packs up to 1,000 tons. liter bottles in hour. This set is great for a small business.

The oil machine roasts the seeds, increasing the percentage of liquid that can be obtained by pressing.

Staff

A small plant will require the following personnel:

• 6 workers - in the direct extraction shop;
• 4 workers - in the refining workshop;
• 2 workers - in the packaging workshop;
• 3 employees - for unloading and loading operations, for warehouses.

It is important to find a competent technologist with experience. He will monitor the production process, quality finished product.

Director, accountant and driver are required. At first, the function of a director can be taken over by a businessman himself. An accountant is required if the form of a legal entity is chosen for work. For starters, you can take it part-time or outsource it. It is better to hire a driver with your own car. He will ensure the delivery of goods to retail chains and private buyers.

The working staff is 19 people.

Marketing and sales

Focus on wholesale buyers. You can sell goods through own store... Open up point of sale in an advantageous place and with a corporate logo - then people will quickly learn about a new product.

Sell ​​the goods in the markets, in retail stores, supply them to bakeries and enterprises of the HORECA segment (cafes, restaurants, canteens).

It is possible to wholesale sunflower processing products to farmers, producers of solid fuels.

To increase sales and improve competitive positions, reduce selling prices, hold BTL-actions (promotions, discounts). Place your ads in specialized publications, send out mailings and send commercial offers to the post office. You don't have to hire a sales manager to negotiate - the entrepreneur can do it himself.

Sunflower oil production as a business: profitability and payback

The initial investment is RUB 15.14 million.

The main monthly costs are raw materials. For the production of sunflower oil, 385 tons of sunflower seeds are required. The minimum price for 1 ton of raw materials is 16 thousand rubles. Together with other expenses, the amount of monthly expenses will amount to 6.56 million rubles.

The selected equipment makes it possible to make 154 tons of sunflower oil per month (22 working days).

The average wholesale price of 1 ton of product is 50 thousand rubles. Accordingly, the monthly turnover is 7.7 million rubles.

Less monthly expenses, remains net profit in the amount of 1.14 million rubles.

So the business can pay for itself in 13.5 months.

Table 4. Economic justification ideas for the production of sunflower oil.

The production of sunflower oil, upon reaching the break-even point, will bring substantial income to its owner.

The specified period - 13.5 months - is achievable only if all products produced in a month are sold. This is difficult to achieve at the start of a business, but sales are likely to increase significantly later on.

Production theme food products in business can be considered one of the most relevant and profitable. Probably, it will be more difficult to find the type of products on which the enterprise can "burn out" than the one on which it is impossible to obtain good profit... Still, in terms of profitability, the food industry also has its own differences. What product do you think is consumed more every day throughout the country - raw smoked horse sausage, or ordinary sunflower oil? The answer is obvious.

Sunflower oil production occupies one of the leading positions in the food industry of the country. The annual volume of the oil market is from 7 million to 10 million tons. If we recalculate all this in monetary equivalent, then we get a figure of about 90 billion rubles. Moreover, about half of all production, and hence profit, is divided between medium and small (farm) industries.

Organizing the production of sunflower oil will cost a novice entrepreneur no more troublesome, but much more expensive than, say, opening a line for processing car tires. In addition, this does not require any special knowledge that could not be acquired during the process of starting the project. As in almost all business ideas, the success of the enterprise here determines your degree of aspiration and perseverance. And the lack of start-up capital is not a problem for enterprising people for a long time. You can find out where to find money to start a business by following this link, or.

About profitability and zero waste

Sunflower oil belongs to essential products, the demand for which will always be, regardless of any price changes. What do you think is the monthly consumption of oil by the population of the country? Experts have deduced a figure of one liter every month per person, and there are still various cafes, restaurants, and other public catering establishments where dozens of liters of sunflower oil are spent every day.

And besides this, oil is successfully exported to European countries (fortunately, "they" have not yet banned the import of Russian products!) And the countries of the Middle East (Turkey, etc.). Sunflower oil is also used in other areas of production:

• For the manufacture of paints and varnishes. Ever wondered why a type of paint is called oil? Because sunflower oil is the basis for its production. The same applies to drying oil and various oil varnishes.
• For the production of margarine and cooking oils.
• For the manufacture of cosmetics. Basically, these are skin care products and various creams.
• In medicines and preparations. Sunflower oil is used in the manufacture of ointments, etc. Moreover, in the 90s of the last century, a method of treating cancer with sunflower oil was patented in our country. The effectiveness of this method has not yet been proven by scientists, but it really helped some people!
• In the production of canned food.

I think that with such a wide range of applications, you should not be afraid that you may not find a sales market. It is not without reason that the production of sunflower oil is considered practically a safe bet business.

Now I need to say a few words about the zero waste of this business. Inevitable residues from oil production also find their use. The husk of sunflower seeds, called pulp, or meal is used in the manufacture of animal feed, and is considered a very valuable protein-containing material. Before being sold, the waste is pressed into briquettes and is willingly bought by those who breed sheep, pigs, or other domestic animals. In addition, fuel briquettes and pellets are made from sunflower husks, which are in no less demand than those made from sawdust.

Now a few numbers: from 30 tons of raw material of peeled seeds, about 20-22 tons will be obtained, from which 8 to 9 tons of oil can be obtained, the rest will be for meal and husk.

We are looking for a room

This is one of the very issues that require special attention when preparing to launch a business project. According to empirically derived figures, for each ton of raw materials that is processed in one shift (day), 40 m² of production space is needed. Further, it is easy to calculate. But the question arises: what should be the minimum line capacity in order to recoup costs as quickly as possible and start making a profit?

This cannot be answered unequivocally. Firstly, if you are going to purchase a mini-creamery, you must first estimate the capacities that you will “pull” the production in financial and sales terms. This is done when drawing up a business plan. Secondly, we can say that the production of sunflower oil is just the kind of business that pays off in a maximum of one and a half to two years. So, you need three storage rooms:

• For storing raw material. This is the largest room in terms of area. The smaller the layer the poured raw material is stored in, the less it will deteriorate.
• For storage of finished products.
• For storing waste before recycling.

Actually, three more premises are needed for production:

• Oil squeezing and filtration workshop.
• Refining workshop.
• Workshop for packaging finished products.

Production areas must have hard (concrete) floors, walls and ceilings must be whitewashed. In total, when production capacity a creamery with a capacity of 25 tons of processed raw materials per day will require a total area of ​​at least 3,000 sq. m.

We buy equipment

The equipment for the production of sunflower oil consists of three lines:

• Oil extraction and filtration line.
• Oil refining line.
• Line for filling oil into bottles.

The equipment for each workshop will cost about 2 million rubles. Although, many businessmen significantly reduce the costs of these items by purchasing equipment in parts, and by assembling the line already on site. In warehouses of finished products, you need to have several containers from of stainless steel for storage of oil.

We hire staff

The number of personnel depends on the capacity of the line that will be purchased for the business. To service the spinning shop with a capacity of 25 tons per day, 3-4 people will be enough, in the refining shop - 2-3 people, on the packaging line - 2-3 people. It will also require two foremen, working in shifts, who will deal with general production issues, a storekeeper, two technologists, and a manager who is engaged in solving administrative tasks. Total from 13 to 16 people. With the increase in capacity, the staff of the enterprise will increase accordingly.

We sell products

To get started, you will need to come up with your own brand, slogan, and develop a marketing strategy plan. Ideally, all this is spelled out in the business plan (how to draw up a business plan can be found in this source - or you can order its creation by professionals), but in practice, quite often entrepreneurs deviate from the "common truths", preferring to solve the current questions as they arise. Moreover, the soul is warmed by the realization that production has already started.

Vegetable oil is an indispensable product in the kitchen of every housewife. Basically, it is a vegetable fat extracted from the fruits or seeds of plants, such as corn, soybeans, sunflowers. Salads are seasoned with oil, added to pastries, fried on it - there are many options for its use.

Sunflower oil accounts for a significant share of the vegetable oil market in Russia. In our country, about 2 million tons of such a product are consumed annually. Mainly small and medium-sized enterprises are engaged in its production. The high popularity of the product, as well as the absence of territorial restrictions for its implementation, make the idea of ​​sunflower oil production interesting for business. Let's try to figure out how to organize such a production and how profitable it can be.

Sunflower oil production technology

As you know, there are two types of sunflower oil: refined and unrefined. Their fundamental difference is the degree of purification. Unrefined sunflower oil has dark color because it contains more impurities. It has a pleasant, pronounced odor. Such oil is considered to be more beneficial. However, it also has disadvantages: a bitter taste and a short shelf life.

Refined oil differs in that it practically does not contain foreign impurities in its composition. Therefore, it is almost transparent in appearance, has a neutral taste and smell. But the main advantage of refined sunflower oil is long term storage: 4 to 12 months versus 2 months during which unrefined oil may be usable. The technology for the production of sunflower oil of these two types is different.

Small producers usually use a cold-pressed system. This technology does not provide high volumes: in 1 hour, 38 liters of high quality oil can be obtained from 100 kg of sunflower seeds. The seeds are crushed and oil is squeezed out of them using a screw press. Then the oil is passed several times through special cloth filters. This method is great for making sunflower oil at home. The oil obtained as a result of cold pressing is highly appreciated by consumers, since it retains all the trace elements that make up the original product.

Larger manufacturers in the process of making oil use special braziers that heat the seeds to high temperature as well as powerful high-speed presses, as a result of which the oil darkens, losing its aroma and beneficial features.

The process in a typical oil extraction plant consists of next steps:

• seed treatment using a vibrating sieve (or a special separator), during which the raw material is cleaned of coarse debris and various impurities;
• peeling of seeds from their peels in crushing machines (crushing seeds with subsequent blowing of the husk with a stream of air);
• processing of the resulting mass using a press with a screw (impact on crushed seeds with a force of 2,500 tons at a temperature of more than 100 degrees);
• refining using various filters (usually bleaching clay or diatomite - algae powder);
• bottling of finished oil into containers.

Good equipment allows for 1 hour from 50 tons of seeds to get 20,000 bottles of sunflower oil, 1 liter each. That is, 1 liter of oil can be produced from 2.5 kg of sunflower seeds.

An advantageous feature of maintaining an oil extraction plant is that such production is practically waste-free. The meal remaining from the processing of seeds is purchased by farms and fish farms, and the husks are purchased by brick factories.

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How to start a sunflower oil business

So, the first thing to do is to choose an activity format that suits you best. First of all, it is necessary to start from the budget and the available experience.

Options for organizing your own production

The oil extraction plant is expensive project with the volume of capital investments at the start of at least 12 million rubles. and a payback period of about three years. This is not the most the best way for the aspiring entrepreneur. It is more suitable for those who have "decent" experience in the field of management and understands all the intricacies production process.

The opening of a small workshop with a capacity of 5 to 10 tons of oil per day does not require too high input costs. You can keep within the amount of about 3 million rubles, and over time, having gained a foothold in the market, expand production, purchase optional equipment and increase volumes.

Homemade sunflower oil production - budget project, which will not bring large profits, but nevertheless will allow you to earn a stable income and provide for needs whole family(cm., ). Household appliances for pressing oils are characterized by low productivity (about 5 l / h), their cost, respectively, is much lower than the price of professional equipment... So, a small screw oil press for cold pressing can be purchased for only 150,000 rubles.

And how to get oil using a wooden oil press at home and which varieties of sunflower are better to use is described in the following video:

Another option that can be considered as an additional activity is growing sunflower as a business. The average yield of this crop is 12-15 centners per hectare. According to approximate data, if we use an area of ​​100 hectares, then the costs for each cultivated hectare will be about 3,500 rubles, and the possible income - from 6,000 rubles. The cultivation of sunflower for the purpose of further processing makes it possible to obtain full cycle production and increase its efficiency several times.

Legal base

Activities for the production of vegetable oil from sunflower seeds must be registered with the Federal Tax Service (FTS). You can independently choose the most convenient form of management: obtain the status of an individual entrepreneur (IE) or register a legal entity.

Such activity does not require obtaining a license. But you still need some additional documents to work calmly and compete with other manufacturers on the market.

First of all, you need to choose the appropriate production room and prepare it in accordance with SanPiN 1197-74. "Sanitary rules for enterprises producing vegetable oils". This regulatory document contains all the information on what requirements are imposed on the device, lighting, ventilation, heating of industrial, warehouse and household premises of such enterprises.

The local representative office of the Rospotrebnadzor service will be able to confirm the compliance of your shop with all the established requirements, as well as help with the development of a production control program, which is also a mandatory document. In addition to this instance, you will need to contact the territorial department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and get an opinion on compliance with fire safety standards in the premises.

The next important document is the declaration of conformity of your product. Technical regulations Customs Union (TR CU) 021/2011 "On food safety". You can issue such a declaration at any accredited certification center. It is issued for a period of 1 to 5 years. The average cost of declaring services is 7,000 rubles.

This concludes the list of basic documents required to start an oil production activity. And we move on to the issue of material and technical equipment.

Workshop premises and production equipment

To accommodate even a small production will require quite spacious room... The height of the ceilings in the workshop must be at least 3.5 m. The room must be divided into several zones:

• for cleaning, crushing and pressing seeds;
• for refining;
• for filling and packaging products;
• for storing raw materials;
• for storing the finished product;
• for storage and processing of waste;
• for administrative purposes.

The total area of ​​the workshop must be at least 300 sq. m, while most of it will fall on the raw material warehouse.

Important! The power supply system in the workshop should be three-phase with a voltage of 380 V. This is necessary to ensure smooth operation production equipment.

Oil making equipment and personnel

List of necessary equipment for the production of sunflower oil with approximate prices:

• separator for primary cleaning of seeds - 50,000 rubles;
• rushaly-winding machine for separating the peel - 70,000 rubles;
• roller machine for grinding seeds - 500,000 rubles;
• brazier - 350,000 rubles;
• press for wringing - 600,000 rubles;
• refining equipment - 700,000 rubles;
• filling line - 300,000 rubles.

The total cost of the equipment will amount to about 2,570,000 rubles.

To service such a production line, it will take about 10-12 people, including a technologist. Special attention should be paid to the selection of candidates for the position of production technologist. Such a specialist should be well versed in GOSTs and others. regulatory documents, to understand the strategy and development prospects of the enterprise, to know methods for assessing production efficiency. His responsibilities will include control of incoming raw materials, participation in the development of a product quality system, technological support for the entire production cycle.

Requirements for other employees are minimal: they must be accurate and responsible. All employees of the enterprise must have personal medical books with up-to-date marks on professional examinations.

Current expenses of the company and estimated profit

Monthly expenses for the maintenance of the workshop consist of rent, wages, utilities and transport services, taxes, costs of purchasing raw materials and Supplies(containers).

The wholesale price of oilseed sunflower is about 15,000 rubles. for 1 ton. The capabilities of the equipment in our case allow us to process about 5 tons of raw materials per shift, that is, 150 tons per month. The cost of purchasing sunflower will amount to approximately RUR 2,250,000. The purchase of consumables will cost 200,000 rubles.

About 250,000 rubles should be budgeted for wages and insurance premiums for employees. For transportation costs, utilities and advertising - about 100,000 rubles more. The rent will be about 100,000 rubles. Total monthly expenses will be at the level of 2,900,000 rubles.

Now let's try to calculate the possible income. The average wholesale price of refined sunflower oil is 50 rubles. for 1 liter. From 150 tons of sunflower seeds, 60,000 liters of oil can be obtained. The proceeds from the sale of oil alone will amount to 3,000,000 rubles, and if you also sell your products through your own retail outlets, your income will increase.

NS Characteristics of products, raw materials and semi-finished products. Vegetable oils - complex blends organic matter- lipids secreted from plant tissues (sunflower, cotton, flax, castor oil plant, rapeseed, peanuts, olives, etc.) The following types of vegetable oils are produced in Russia: refined (deodorized and non-deodorized), hydrated (highest, I and II grades), unrefined (superior, I and II grades). According to the standard, the finished oil is organoleptically determined the following indicators: transparency, smell and taste, color and acid number, moisture, presence of phosphorus-containing substances, iodine number and flash point of the extraction oil.

The composition of vegetable oils obtained from seeds contains 95 ... 98% triglycerides, 1 ... 2% free fatty acids, 1 .. .2% phospholipids, 0.3 .. .0.1% sterols, as well as carotenoids and vitamins. Of the unsaturated fatty acids in the composition of oils, oleic, linoleic, linolenic predominate, which make up 80 ... 90% of the total content of fatty acids. So, sunflower oil contains 55 ... 71% linoleic and 20 ... 40% oleic acids.

The raw materials for the production of vegetable oils are mainly oilseeds, as well as the pulp of the fruits of some plants. According to the oil content, the seeds are divided into three groups: high oil (over 30% - sunflower, peanuts, rapeseed), medium oil (20 ... 30% - cotton, flax) and low oil (up to 20% - soy).

In Russia, the main oilseed crop is sunflower. It belongs to the Asteraceae family. The genus of sunflower has 28 species, most of which are perennials. Oilseed sunflower is an annual crop. The sunflower fruit is an elongated wedge-shaped achene, consisting of a peel (husk) and a white seed (kernel), covered with a seed coat. The husk accounts for 22 ... 56% of total mass achenes. The oil content in sunflower seeds exceeds 50% and in the pure kernel is 70%.

The husk separated from the sunflower kernel is used as a raw material for the production of furfural. Sunflower meal (kernel residue after oil extraction) is one of the most valuable types of feed for farm animals. Sunflower baskets are used to obtain pectin and other products.

Features of production and consumption of finished products. In the practice of the production of vegetable oils, there are two fundamentally different ways extraction of oil from vegetable oil-containing raw materials: mechanical extraction of oil - pressing and dissolving oil in volatile organic solvents - extraction. These two methods of producing vegetable oils are used either alone or in combination with one another.

Currently, oil is extracted first by a pressing method, in which 3/4 of the total oil is obtained, and then by an extraction method, by which the rest of the oil is extracted.

Oil is pressed on continuously operating screw-type presses (forpress and expellers). With an increase in pressure, the particles of the pulp come closer, the oil is squeezed out, and the pressed material is compacted into a monolithic mass of cake (shell). At the same time, 5 ... 8% of oil remains in the cake (based on the mass of the cake).

During the extraction process, the residue, which is called meal, remains no more than 0.8 ... 1.2% oil. Extractive gasoline, hexane, acetone, dichloroethane, etc. are used as solvents. It is best to use gasoline with a boiling point range of 70 ... 85 ° C, which allows it to be distilled out of the oil under milder conditions.

The oil that is on the surface of the opened cells, when washed with gasoline, easily dissolves in it. A significant amount of oil is found inside unopened cells or inside closed cavities (capsule).

Recovery of this oil requires the penetration of the solvent into the cell and capsule and the exit of the solvent into the environment... This process occurs due to molecular and convective diffusion.

As a result of extraction, a solution of oil in a solvent, called miscella, and a defatted material, meal, are obtained. The oil concentration in the miscella is 12 ... 20%.

From the extractor (screw or tape), the miscella is sent for filtration to remove mechanical impurities from it. Filtered miscella and meal are sent for distillation of solvents from them. This operation is called distillation, which takes place in two stages. First, the main part of the solvent is distilled off at 80 .. .90 ° C until the oil concentration in the miscella is 75 .. .80%. Then distillation is carried out in vacuum at 110 ... 120 ° C with live steam blowing.

The process of oil purification from unwanted lipid groups and impurities is called refining. Mechanical refining includes various physical methods: settling, filtration and centrifugation. Oil hydration - treatment with water to precipitate mucous and protein substances. Alkaline refining is the treatment of oils with alkali. Adsorption refining (bleaching) - removal and clarification of oil with powdered substances (adsorbents - clay, silica compounds, silica gel, coals, etc.). Deodorization - elimination bad smell oils by fractional distillation based on differences in the boiling points of triglycerides and aromatics.

Stages of the technological process. Vegetable oil production consists of the following stages:

Cleaning and drying of seeds;

Separation of a clean kernel and its grinding;

Steaming and roasting the pulp;

Oil extraction (pressing and extraction);

Purification (refining) of oil;

Packing and storage.

Characteristics of equipment complexes. The line starts with a set of equipment for cleaning and drying seeds, consisting of scales, silos, separators, magnetic catchers, feed bins and dryers.

The next is a set of equipment for the separation of a clean kernel and its crushing (disc mill, aspiration winnower and five-roller machine).

The main one is a set of equipment for steaming and frying the pulp, consisting of auger or vat braziers.

The leading equipment of the line is a screw press and an extraction apparatus.

The final is the complex of finishing equipment of the line, consisting of scales, packing machines and for packing packs of packaged oil into boxes.

The machine-hardware diagram of the line for the production of vegetable oil from sunflower seeds is shown in Fig.

Rice. Machine-hardware diagram of the sunflower oil production line

The device and principle of operation of the line. Sunflower seeds arriving for short-term storage in silo 2 are preliminarily weighed on scales 1. Seeds may contain a large number of impurities, therefore, before processing, they are twice cleaned on two- and three-sieve separators 3 and 4, as well as on a magnetic catcher 5. Vegetable impurities separated on the separators are collected and used in compound feed production.

The seeds cleared of impurities are weighed on the scales 6 and fed into the supply hopper 7, from where they are transported to the shaft dryer 8, consisting of several zones. The seeds are first dried and then cooled. During heat treatment, their moisture content decreases from 9 ... 15 to 2 ... 7%. The temperature of the seeds during drying is about 50 ° C, after cooling it is 35 ° C. The dried seeds are tested on scales 9, and then are sent to silos 2 for long-term storage or to an intermediate hopper 10 for further processing.

Further processing of seeds consists in the maximum separation of the shell from the kernel. This process involves two independent operations: peeling (dehulling) of seeds and the actual separation of the shell from the kernel (winnowing, separation). The seeds are husked in a disc mill 11, where they come from an intermediate hopper 10. The rushanka obtained from the seeds after the mill is a mixture consisting of particles of different weight, shape, windage and size. In a rushanka there are whole kernels, their fragments, a number of shell particles of various sizes and shapes, and, finally, whole seeds - undershot. Therefore, to separate the shell from the core, aspiration winders are mainly used - air-sieve sorting machines. From such a machine 12, the kernel is fed into the intermediate hopper 13, and all the remaining parts of the mixture are processed to separate whole kernels and sunflower seed fragments, which, together with whole kernels, go for further processing.

After weighing on a scale, 14 sunflower kernels are crushed into five roller machine 15. The grinding process can be carried out in one go or in two - preliminary and final. When grinding, the cellular structure of sunflower kernels is destroyed, which is necessary to create optimal conditions for the most complete and fastest extraction of oil during further pressing or extraction.

The grinding product - the pulp - from the machine 15 enters the roaster 16, in which, due to the moisture-heat treatment, the optimal plasticity of the product is achieved and conditions are created to facilitate the extraction of oil on the presses. When roasting, the moisture content of the pulp decreases to 5 ... 7%, and the temperature rises to 105 ... 115 ° С.

From the screw press 17, into which the pulp is fed after the brazier, two products come out: oil containing a significant amount of core particles and therefore purified in a filter press 18, and cake containing 6.0 ... 6.5% oil, which is necessary extract from it. Therefore, in the future, the cake granules are crushed in a hammer mill 19 and a roller mill 20, and the grinding product is extracted in an extraction apparatus 21. The apparatus has two columns connected by a bridge, in which the screws are located, transporting the cake particles from the right column to the left one. An extracting agent - gasoline, which is a volatile solvent, moves in countercurrent to the movement of the cake. Due to the fact that gasoline mixed with air ignites at a temperature of about 250 ° C, at extraction plants the temperature of the process steam overheating should not exceed 220 ° C.

Through diffusion, oil is extracted from the torn cells of the cake, dissolving in gasoline. A mixture of oil, gasoline and a certain amount of particles flows out of the right column of the extractor 21 and is sent to the sump or cartridge filter 22.

From the left extraction column of the apparatus 21, a defatted product is removed, which is called meal. After extracting the remaining gasoline from it, the meal is sent to feed mills.

A solution of oil in gasoline cleared of solid particles - miscella - is fed to distillation. In the preliminary distiller 23, the miscella is heated to 105 ... 115 ° С, and from it at atmospheric pressure gasoline vapors are partially distilled off. In the final distiller 24, operating under vacuum, residual gasoline is removed from the miscella, and the refined oil is fed to the scale 25. After weight control, the oil is fed to the packaging machine 26, and in the machine 27 packs of packaged oil are placed in boxes.