Paintings by Fyodor Vasiliev are presented in the Russian Museum, the Tretyakov Gallery, in the museums of Yalta and Odessa. According to the memoirs of his contemporaries, he was very industrious, not a single detail could escape from his “magic pencil”.

If not for his perseverance and passion for painting, the art world might not have recognized his last name. The boy was born into the family of a poor St. Petersburg postal official. Due to lack of money, the young man at the age of 12 went to work at the main post office, but, nevertheless, he did not abandon his passion for drawing. When he was 15 years old, he entered the Drawing School of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, where he met with outstanding artists.

Ivan Kramskoy became his good friend. Despite the difference in age (Ivan Ivanovich was 13 years older than Fedor), they became very close. A letter from the painter has been preserved in which he confessed to Vasiliev: “My life would not be so rich, my pride would not be so solid if I had not met you in life ... You are definitely a part of myself, and the part is very expensive, your development is my development. Your life - echoes in mine ... "

Self-portrait of Fyodor Vasiliev. Photo: Public Domain

Ivan Shishkin also played a significant role in the development of Vasiliev as an artist. He taught the young man to transfer what he saw to the canvas with the utmost accuracy, spoke about the mastery of drawing. Over time, they even became relatives: Shishkin married Evgenia Vasilyeva, Fyodor's sister.

Several letters have been preserved that the young artist sent to the Shishkin couple. One of them, dated August 11, 1872, was written from Yalta, where the artist had moved due to a lung disease.

“I work as always, only I have to work for money, which always makes me very sad; Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich, who had already received one of my paintings, ordered four more, which I could not get rid of, although I tried; also, to complete the sadness, these paintings must be completed by the deadline, by December 24; so that the paintings that I have started will, therefore, be wasted, and I didn’t manage to write for the competition this year, since the only time left is January and February of next year, and you will nominate such a thing again that it’s dangerous for me to even count on writing.

He failed to complete the work: two months later, on October 6, 1873, he died ..

"Volga lagoons", 1870

The painting "Volga Lagoons" attracted great interest at the posthumous exhibition of paintings by Fyodor Vasiliev. Photo: Public Domain

In 1870, 20-year-old Fyodor Vasiliev set off on a journey along the Volga along with his artists Ilya Repin and Yevgeny Makarov. Years later, Ilya Efimovich, in his book Far Close, wrote that the young man impressed his companions with his manner of work and became an “excellent teacher” for his older comrades: to him. This living brilliant example excluded all disputes and did not allow reasoning; he was an excellent teacher for all of us.”

According to him, “his finely sharpened pencil with the speed of a machine sewing needle scribbled on a small leaf of his pocket album and outlined a true and impressive picture of a steep coast with houses and fences twisting over the steep, stunted trees and pointed bells in the distance ... "

The sketches made during the trip later served as the basis for several paintings, including Volga Lagoons.

In the future, the painting ended up in the collection of Pavel Tretyakov. He took it after a posthumous exhibition of the artist's paintings in 1874 on account of a debt that Vasilyev could not pay to the patron because of his illness and death.

"View of the Volga. Barks, 1870

Currently, the canvas is exhibited in St. Petersburg in the Russian Museum. Photo: Public Domain

This picture was also painted after traveling along the Volga.

A year after the death of the artist, she was put on public display, where Tretyakov drew attention to her. His letter to Ivan Kramskoy has been preserved, in which he wrote that he should have it in his collection.

“I decided that for my goal already known to you, I absolutely need to have a Vasiliev landscape with barges, since this specimen gives an idea of ​​what a wonderful marine painter he would also be; and so I sent you a telegram yesterday; I am sure that you sympathize with my such intensified love for the works of Vasiliev ... ”, he wrote.

However, his plans were not destined to come true. Currently, the canvas is exhibited in St. Petersburg in the Russian Museum.

"Thaw", 1871

Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich ordered Vasilyev to repeat the painting "The Thaw" by the author. Photo: Public Domain

“The painting “The Thaw” is so hot, strong, bold, with great poetic content and at the same time young (not in the sense of childhood) and young, awakened to life, demanding for itself the right of citizenship among others, and although resolutely new, but having roots somewhere far away, ”Ivan Kramskoy described this work of Vasiliev.

The Thaw was first presented to the audience during a competitive exhibition of the Society for the Encouragement of Artists, where it won the first prize. In the same 1871, Muscovites were also able to see her: she participated in the exhibition of the MOLKh - the Moscow Society of Art Lovers.

Art critics note that this painting made Vasiliev truly famous. To a young man began to offer to make copyright copies of the picture. He could not refuse one of the customers - Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich, the future Emperor Alexander III.

Landscape, made in a slightly different color scheme, decorated the Anichkov Palace, from where in 1872 he went to the London annual international exhibition. The British picture received rave reviews.

Now a copy made for Alexander III, presented in the Russian Museum. The original can be seen in one of the halls of the Tretyakov Gallery.

"Wet Meadow", 1872

The painting participated in a competitive exhibition of the Society for the Encouragement of Artists. Photo: Public Domain

While working on The Thaw, Vasilyev undermined his health. It soon became clear to doctors that they were dealing not with a simple cold, but with tuberculosis. To improve his health, Fedor was offered to go to the Crimea.

Already on the peninsula, Vasilyev created the painting “Wet Meadow”, painted by him according to his memoirs. In 1872, the canvas was presented at the exhibition of the Society for the Encouragement of Artists, where it took second place, losing to the work of his brother-in-law, Ivan Shishkin.

"Wet Meadow" was purchased by Pavel Tretyakov, who came to St. Petersburg on purpose even before the start of the exhibition.

"In the Crimean mountains", 1873

“A real picture is no longer like anything, does not imitate anyone - not the slightest, even remote resemblance to any artist, to any school, it is something so original and isolated from all influences, standing outside the entire current movement art, that I can only say one thing: it’s not good yet, even bad in some places, but it’s brilliant, ”Ivan Kramskoy gave such an enthusiastic description of the canvas.

In his opinion, looking at a Tatar cart drawn by oxen, the viewer involuntarily gets inside this story: “dutifully stands under the pines, listens to some noise in the height above his head.”

This painting has become one of recent works Vasiliev. It is known that initially he planned to use a wide canvas, but then changed his mind, choosing a vertical. Thus, according to art historians, he wanted to emphasize the height of the mountains and the aspiration upwards.

There are paintings that somehow "cling to the soul." One of them is the painting by Fyodor Vasiliev "The Thaw" (1871)
Along with "Rooks" by Savrasov and "March" by Levitan, this is one of the best works about early spring

Nature reluctantly wakes up from its winter sleep. There is no joy in this awakening. The rusty tones of melting snow turning into sticky mud, foggy distance and cloudy watery sky, lonely figures of tired pedestrians further enhance the disturbing painful mood. But it does not exclude, and even sets off the peculiar beauty of the landscape. Vasiliev continues his discovery of Russian nature, trying to discern in it the most intimate, unique, which is peculiar only to her: the melodious softness of the lines outlining hills and hillocks, the dull tenderness of colors, the desert expanse of fields

And in the picture, movement is clearly felt ... Movement towards spring

The picture was a great, even huge success for a young artist. It was bought by P. M. Tretyakov. At the competition arranged by the Society Encouragement of the Arts, "Thaw" received the first prize. AT next year sent to London for the World Exhibition "Thaw" caused an enthusiastic article by an English reviewer. A copy of the painting, despite its pessimistic tone, was commissioned to the artist for the imperial family.

Another famous painting by the artist is "Wet Meadow", written in 1872, when Vasiliev moved to the Crimea due to an incurable illness. At the same time, a landscape so native to the artist middle lane made not from nature, but according to sketches made earlier

The air is very well conveyed in the picture, it is very important in the landscape, the air is filled with a moist, thick smell of meadows and marsh grasses. The condition of the sky, clouds is in harmony with the water surface on a wet meadow. Here I like the black and white drawing of the picture, the shadow from the clouds. Some kind of "feeling of obscure languor" emanates from the landscape

Both of these paintings are exhibited in the Tretyakov Gallery

Fedor Alexandrovich Vasiliev lived a short life, but left behind wonderful pictures of his native nature, where truthfulness is combined with subtle, penetrating lyricism. In front of his canvas, especially when he painted or repainted clouds, both Kramskoy and Repin stopped in amazement. In his landscapes there is always a lively excitement of the artist, in love with the beauty of nature.

A significant role in the formation of the artist was played by the largest landscape painter I. I. Shishkin. Vasiliev worked with him for two summers in a row. For a young painter, inclined to see the world in an excited and poetic way, it was difficult to find a more useful school.
The summer spent on Valaam prepared the artist for independent work

"Young, strong, who lived only five years as an artist, who reached a huge height, ... he discovered the living sky, he discovered the wet, bright, moving sky and those delights of the landscape that he expressed in a hundred of his paintings"

Ge N.N.

Learn more about the artist and his work here.

Fyodor Vasiliev's painting "The Thaw" was painted in 1871. But she received fame and universal recognition only decades after the death of the artist. She continues the main traditions of Russian painting.

In the foreground of the canvas is a country road. Despite the fact that the whole landscape is made in dark colors, the season is guessed - early spring. Birds gather in flocks and fly to the road in search of food that could remain under a layer of melting snow. In the center of the landscape, a girl testifies to an elderly peasant to go to a flock of shy birds. The boots of two travelers get stuck in the thawed road mud.

The background of the picture is represented by sections of trees, the bare branches of which are beginning to get rid of the snow cover. A lonely hut seems dilapidated and empty. But you can see that liquid smoke is spreading from its pipe, which means that life is glimmering in it. Withered grass timidly peeks out into the light from under the loose snow. Last year's branches begin to thaw, lying alone in the center of the canvas.

The sky appears special on the canvas. It is represented by shades from white to dark purple flowers. The rays of the sun still cannot break through the thick cover of gray clouds. But the time of spring has already come and it is felt not only by the melting snow. The whole canvas breathes the awakening of nature from a long sleep. harsh winter already behind, she gave way to a warmer season.

The painting "Thaw" allows the viewer to move to the day of a young spring, feel the retreat of the cold and enjoy beautiful scenery spring nature. It is especially sad and solemn on such days, the air is still fresh, but the frost no longer bites on the cheeks.

F. Vasiliev - Russian artist of the late 19th century. He made an integral contribution to the development of painting. The artist's canvases are not distinguished by the brightness of colors, but the nature depicted on them breathes and lives. Each of his canvases allows you to plunge into an exciting and beautiful world.

Description of the painting by Vasiliev Thaw

Fedor Aleksandrovich Vasiliev is a famous Russian artist who, like no one else, can show the beautiful in the ugly. Seems like they can't be combined. But this artist could. Such in its description is the painting "Thaw".

The picture of Fedor Alexandrovich looks dark, gloomy and dull. The viewer sees how the snow-white cover of the earth turns into mud and slush. And the clouds are rapidly covering the sky with a dense veil of dark blue colors.

But what beauty lies in this picture. After all, melted snow turned into mud, low-flying birds over the fields - everything speaks of the imminent arrival of spring. Winter gives way to spring, smoothly heading far, far towards the horizon. So the lines of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev and Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet come to mind about the impending spring, to which all nature gives way.

Everyone has been waiting for spring: the trees standing in the background with the remains of frost, a dilapidated hut located on the right side and, of course, a little girl showing her grandfather somewhere far away. Maybe there, beyond the borders of the picture, streams flowed, making noise and ringing.

None in the picture bright shade, but you feel the warmth emanating, it must be from a little girl, laughing and sincerely waiting for spring. The colors we see are mostly dark and bleak. Particular attention should be paid to the background that lulls all nature. But one has only to raise one's eyes to the upper right corner, as one can see the very onset of heat with which the whole picture is saturated. How much he inspires hope in the environment.

And in the middle of the picture, the birds, no longer just flying in the sky, but descended to the ground, begin to look for food, as if feeling that bugs and worms are about to climb out of the ground.

It seems as if the artist who painted this picture conveys his dull mood or fatigue from such a gloomy season. But the name of this picture is not easy. "Thaw". In this word, the word "warmth" is hidden, which is about to overtake all the inhabitants of this village.

The painting by Fyodor Alexandrovich became famous very quickly and is known to this day. This is exactly how the great artist manages to depict the beautiful in the ugly.

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The painting "The Thaw" by Vasiliev is located in the same hall of the Tretyakov Gallery as "The Rooks Have Arrived" by Savrasov. They hang on opposite walls. And they were written by artists in the same year. In 1871. And under similar circumstances. Both artists, not together, traveled to sketches on the Volga in order to fill the soul with new impressions. And the public also got acquainted with these soul-stirring landscapes at the same time. And both of these landscapes also turned out to be the best in creative life both artists.

But there are also differences between the two images of our nature. If a feeling of joy comes from Savrasov’s painting, brought on the wings of birds that have returned home, a feeling of the rebirth of nature and the beginning of only bright and good things in life in general, then when I stand in front of the not very large painting “The Thaw”, I feel my soul is completely filled other moods.

I would like to tell about my own feelings that cover my soul when contemplating this thaw. I admit that someone may disagree about me.

Here, for example, with regard to Rooks. This picture sounds, it rings from the hubbub of black birds. It is filled with the sounds of the awakening of nature, joyful noise and the flapping of the wings of birds that have finally returned to their native places. To the Motherland. And we also see and hear the spring drops, the murmur of the first streams filled with melt water. And if you strain your imagination, then we will also hear a current of birch sap rising from the roots to the topmost branches of unsightly trees. We feel how the entire visible space will very soon be painted in green. And in iconography it is the color of life.

And here is the Thaw. The word is so good. Warm, good. The transition from the oppressive evil cold, from which you need to defend yourself, which kills, which makes all the surrounding nature freeze. The cold that stops life and movement, which kills all natural sounds throughout the vast expanse of our earth.

Silence reigns in the painting “The Thaw”. No sound and no noisy flapping of wings to mark the beginning new life. Although we do see some birds on the washed out road. Most likely a raven that never flew anywhere.

Silence is not easy. It is imbued with an inaudible pressure of natural forces ready for awakening. They are still in quiet half-asleep and immobility. Well, just a little more and the drops will ring, and the old stump will again want to become a birch.

And I am also overcome by a feeling of loneliness and longing, and the insignificance of a person in front of the forces of nature.

Yes, loneliness. There are no people in Savrasov's picture. And Vasiliev has them. We see an old man and a little girl wrapped in simple clothes. The girl is seven years old, she pulls her little hand with some question, turning to her grandfather. The fact that they are not local can be assumed from the knapsack on the back of the old man. They don’t go to the neighboring village hut with a knapsack.

But here's the amazing thing. Now, if there weren’t these two figures on the road, then the landscape itself would simply delight me. But I see an old man and his granddaughter, and my soul immediately, strangely enough, is filled with sadness and sadness. The presence of a person in this landscape gives rise to a feeling of helplessness in my soul before mighty forces nature. Forces that manifest themselves outside the will of man. They show all his insignificance before eternity and the immensity of the entire celestial space, painted with the magic brush of the artist.

*****
I look at the picture, and I have no doubt that the landscape was painted by a great master who professionally owns a brush. How wonderfully he conveys the pre-spring state of nature with colors. Look how frosted trees are written, snow swollen from melt water, covering more fields, and this blurry road with traces of sleigh runners. The road along which travelers wander into the unknown distance. A landscape reminiscent of the great Dutch.

Do you know how old our master was. Twelve years! Think about it. I don't understand where he got it from. In order to paint nature in such a way, it takes not only time to achieve such mastery, but God also needs to kiss you on the crown of the head. And gave you an extraordinary talent.

And where did this brilliant boy come from. This is what the great Repin called him. The boy Fedya was born in the family of a petty postal clerk. And he was illegitimate. He knew that the postmaster was not his father, although he bore his patronymic name. And he didn't like it. Life in childhood is a continuous need.

And I wanted to draw. And he began to work at the age of 12 for some pennies in the restorer's workshop. Why? But because it allowed the boy to go to the drawing school at the Society for the Encouragement of Artists. And there someone else told him that he had no talent. But fortunately, the artist Kramskoy taught at this school.

And after that, he got up incredibly fast. I think, not only thanks to my talent, but also due to connections among artists. He met in this environment with the best artists of that time. For example, Shishkin was married to the sister of Fyodor Vasiliev. With Repin went to sketches on the Volga. There, his older friend conceived his famous "Barge Haulers".

But in this environment, he was somehow not taken very seriously. Well, yes talent. Doubtless. But at the same time, the sedateness and seriousness that should seem to accompany talent did not come from his whole appearance. He was such a merry fellow and a laugher. He could throw dust in his eyes. Screw in a word in French. Even though he didn't know the language. He could even sit down at the piano and play some tune. And god knows where he learned it. As well as in painting, he was considered self-taught in music.

And how he dressed! In all the most fashionable and brand new. Here is a look at his portrait painted by his teacher. Kramskoy. By the way, this portrait was presented at the first exhibition of the Wanderers, whose ideologist was Kramskoy himself. An unsuccessful portrait would hardly have been exhibited at such an important event. Look for sure. Find it easily in a few clicks on the Internet. Young man. He's in his early 20s. Great suit. White turn-down collar. Black satin bow around the neck. Such a bohemian image of the artist. Some kind of mischief blows slightly from this image. And in fact…

Friend Ilya Repin somehow went to his wretched workshop. And he saw on cheap easels something that delighted him to the extreme. In amazement, he could only stunnedly ask him: “And you did all this?”

And he also spoke about him like this: “A sonorous voice, an infectious laugh, a charming wit with a subtle to audacity mockery conquered everyone with their young, cheerful interest in life; everyone was drawn to this lucky man, and he himself vigilantly and quickly grasped all the phenomena around. In this sense, he could compare him with Pushkin or Mozart. And he was such in painting.

*****
I compare the paintings of Savrasov and Vasiliev. You can compare the fate of artists. Savrasov's life path was not strewn with roses at all. The death of several children and a tragic, in fact, own end. Drunk beggar artist, died in a hospital for the poor on Khitrovka. But fate prepared an even more cruel end for Vasiliev. Fate so generously bestowed such an extraordinary talent, and she was so stingy in terms of the number of years he lived. Just 23 years old.

This “Thaw” was dear to him and to all of us. He caught a cold during the trip. Strongly. And this was the beginning of a great misfortune, to which, due to his carelessness and youth, he did not pay attention. And it's easy to see why. He was still at an age when the edge of danger and risk to life is not always visible. Moreover, the disease that struck him is so insidious. So creeping inconspicuous. Tuberculosis, or as they said, then consumption She began to sharpen him from the inside imperceptibly.

And then, upon his return, he skated at the skating rink in St. Petersburg. In the cold And then I also went to Finland. What for? I went with the same varmint to shout over the Imatra waterfall. It was then such a popular fun among the youth of the capital to go to this most picturesque place 200 km from St. Petersburg. There, on this waterfall, turbulent streams of water fall from a height of 18 meters. And through the deafening roar and roar of the streams of water, it was necessary to reach each other with a cry, standing on opposite banks. Straining all the strength of your lungs in this cry. The drive is, to put it modern language. And Fedor's lungs were already affected by a serious fatal illness. This "fun" has become a point of no return on the way to a sad end.

What to do? Disease! Where to look for salvation. The rainy damp, dank climate of St. Petersburg is a favorable environment for the development of this disease. One salvation - Crimea. They collect money for a young talent from the same society. Encouragement helps young artists with moving to our subtropics. But there is no salvation there either. The disease quietly - quietly overcomes.

I understand. For all of us, the lot is measured. But it’s one thing when this lot falls in the declining years, when the body is flabby and already barely bears us in old age, and when your brains fall into insanity, then all that remains is to say thank you for the long lived years bestowed by heaven. And it is a completely different matter when he, the lot, destroys your whole life in the prime of your life. When the road of life seems to you still long - long, to infinity, and the oppressive disease already physically ruthlessly sets a visible and tangible limit. Here he is! And day after day it approaches, this limit And there are so few particles of life left in this world.

And all this in the prime of his youth. There is something to go crazy and howl from hopelessness and longing. But he does not give up, this varmint, continues to draw and write wonderful pictures. For a report of his stay in the Crimea, which he must submit to the Society of Encouragement, which gave him the opportunity to live in the Crimea.

He paints a wonderful landscape "In the Crimean Mountains". What are the Dutch! He surpassed them. But he writes this landscape rather for the Encouragement Society. By the way, Sergei Tretyakov bought it, but then he passed it on to his brother Pavel. This landscape would adorn the exposition of any museum of the highest rank. But fortunately he is in the same hall of paintings by Savrasov and Vasiliev.

The picture is extraordinary. Find it on the Internet too. And enjoy the view. But... But this is not Russia. But for the soul, he paints a completely different picture. "Wet Meadow". He writes from memory his native places, as a generalized image of his native side. He writes, as the last goodbye to his homeland. A few months before his death. Perhaps already realizing that it was no longer given to him to return.

The artist dies, and his fame and even fame grows. The Thaw is sent to international exhibitions in Vienna and London. True, they send not the original, but the author's repetition of the artist. Because the original was already bought by Tretyakov. And Alexander Alexandrovich, the future Emperor Alexander III, liked her so much. Well, how can you not go towards the heir to the throne. It was for him that Vasiliev made a copy. And this copy was sent abroad, having acquired fame and even glory for the author. She also causes surprise and admiration there outside her native side. And in the capital of England they generally want to see him at home, so that he would paint there, with his masterful hand, views of good old England, dear to the heart of an Englishman. And there they knew a lot after Constable in landscape painting. And who knows. If this happened, the artist Vasiliev would become European fame. Unfortunately, even today he is not included in the first row of the most famous Russian artists. To be convinced of this, ask especially young people if they know the artist Fyodor Vasiliev. Most often you will get a negative answer.

But it didn't happen. He was dying just at that time in the Crimea and died in September 1873 in Yalta. There he was buried. He left a lot of debt. Therefore, his friends Shishkin and Kramskoy organized an exhibition - the sale of the remaining paintings. The proceeds were enough to cover the debts and give the considerable remaining amount to the family, mother and beloved by him. younger brother. That's all.

But let's remember the words of the same Kramskoy, which he said about his student and friend: "We do not have a landscape painter-poet in the true sense of the word, and if anyone can and should be one, then it is only Vasilyev."

What is mineral water?

Eastern peoples reverently treat water, considering it one of the main elements of the universe. The wise men there are sure that the water from healing springs relaxes, soothes, relieves irritation, fever and aggression. The history of the use of mineral waters has many hundreds of years.

In ancient times, the Greeks built sanctuaries at the healing springs dedicated to the god Asclepius (the Romans erected temples in honor of Aesculapius in similar places), the patron saint of medicine. In Greece, archaeologists have discovered the ruins of an ancient hydropathic facility built around the 6th century BC. The remains of ancient baths are also found here in the Caucasus, where they not only bathed, but were also treated with mineral waters. From generation to generation, oral traditions were passed down about the miraculous properties of the waters gushing out of the ground here.

The history of the study and use of mineral waters in Russia is connected with the name of Peter I, who 285 years ago ordered by his decree to look for key waters in Russia. By his order, the first hydrotherapy resort in Russia was built on the Marcial (ferrous) waters in the Olonets province in Karelia. In 1803, Alexander I recognized the state importance of the Caucasian mineral waters and began to study them. healing properties. In 1825, the work of the Russian chemist G. I. Hess, who studied the chemical composition and effect of Russian healing waters, was published.

Mineral water is rainwater that many centuries or even millennia ago went deep into the earth, seeping through the crevices and pores of different rock layers. At the same time, various mineral substances in the rock were dissolved in it. From simply natural water from underground sources and open reservoirs mineral water differ in composition. The deeper they lie, the warmer and richer in carbon dioxide and minerals. In addition, the deeper the water penetrates into the rock, the more it is purified. In such water, minerals accumulate naturally as it passes through geological formations. Thus, mineral waters are waters, primarily from underground sources.

It is necessary, of course, to distinguish between drinking and mineral water.

According to the Codex Alimentarius - the UN's main food standard - these differences boil down to the following:

mineral water is extracted from natural sources or drilled wells, without external influence on the chemical and physical properties natural mineral water;

the presence of mineral salts in water in certain proportions and the presence of trace substances and other components in it;

· Water is collected under conditions that guarantee its initial microbiological purity and stable chemical composition of its components.

Someone said that mineral waters are capricious and require delicate handling, they are softer than precious wines. Indeed, water from the source must be very carefully raised from the deep bowels of the earth, and then packed in a convenient and safe container in order to keep that unique program that nature itself put into it.

Mineral water is better absorbed by the body, and when it enters the stomach, it reacts with gastric juice, releases carbon dioxide and stimulates the secretory activity of the stomach. Increases appetite and mood. That is why the same French dining table there is always a bottle of water next to the bread.

They try to quench their thirst with mineral water. Thirst can also occur in a healthy person with loss of water, especially in summer. Moreover, with the loss of water, we lose a certain amount of salts. The easiest way to compensate for this loss is with mineral water.

People are often addicted to the use of mineral water, not considering that it contains its own unique set chemical elements, which determines its benefit or harm. Most lovers of mineral water drink it because of the presence of carbon dioxide in it. Those suffering from high acidity and gourmets are especially fond of it, buying any mineral water indiscriminately - what is on sale at that moment, not thinking that this mineral water is harmful to his body and not to the disease that the patient suffers from. Mineral water is intended only for medicinal purposes and can harm the body, especially for children.

Mineral water differs from fresh water in significant mineralization: from 0.1% (1 g solids in 1 liter of water) up to 5% (50 g of solids in 1 liter of water). Water from sources belongs to the group of mineral and with a lower mineralization than 0.1% dry residue, if it contains a known amount of specific elements that have medicinal value, for example, iodine, bromine, lithium, arsenic, etc.

If the water contains gas, and its stable temperature is above 20 ° C - such water, even with a low content of minerals, is classified as mineral. Mineral waters containing carbon dioxide (Kislovodsk Springs, etc.), hydrogen sulfide (Sochi, Matsesta Springs) and radon have the greatest therapeutic effect. There are a number of sources whose waters have neither a specific mineralization nor an appropriate temperature, do not contain any of the active elements (iodine, bromine, lithium, arsenic, hydrogen sulfide, etc.) in proper quantities, and, nevertheless, they are classified as mineral and used to treat a number of diseases. This is due to the fact that here it is important to take into account the influence of not individual components of water, but their totality.

Drinking mineral water helps to eliminate or mitigate painful disorders and improve the functions of individual organs and systems. Such treatment is most effective in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, namely: chronic gastritis, gastroduodenitis, peptic ulcer, enteritis, colitis, enterocolitis, chronic hepatitis, angiocholitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, chronic pancreatitis, etc.

The good therapeutic effect obtained at drinking resorts is the result of not only drinking mineral waters, but also the simultaneous effect of other therapeutic factors: the resort regimen, diet food, changes in climatic conditions, separation from home and work environment, restructuring and unloading of the nervous system under the influence of eliminating reasons for unpleasant emotions and neuropsychic trauma. Used with great benefit physiotherapy, hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, etc. In the conditions of the resort, mineral water, in addition to internal use, is also used externally in the form of baths, half-baths, washing, dousing, etc.

Mineral waters can be administered orally through the mouth, through the rectum and rarely - parenterally (subcutaneously, intramuscularly and even intravenously). Along with drinking mineral water, in order to enhance the therapeutic effect, gastric lavage and irrigation, the introduction of mineral water directly into the rectum, transduodenal intestinal lavage, mineral water enemas, drip enemas, intestinal baths, siphon and underwater intestinal lavages, etc. All these methods are most often combined with drinking cures.

Drinking mineral waters - as a rule, underground (melt, artificial, etc. are also known) waters, which are characterized by the presence of certain salts and other chemical compounds. Depending on the temperature, cold, warm and hot mineral waters are released. Some mineral waters have natural radioactivity. The difference between mineral water and ordinary drinking water is a higher level of mineralization - about 1 g / l.

Depending on the concentration of salts, natural mineral waters are divided into:

· canteens - mineral (natural) water is suitable for daily use, the salt content in it does not exceed 1 gram per liter of water. As a rule, it is soft, pleasant in taste, without foreign smell and taste. It is no coincidence that soft drinks are made on the basis of table water; Regulations on mineral table waters are absent. Therefore, the criteria for classifying waters as mineral table waters are not standardized.

· medical table - this water can contain from 1 to 10 grams of salts per liter of water. The advantage of medical-table mineral waters is their versatility: they can be used as a table drink and systematically - for treatment;

therapeutic - the most saturated salt composition of the water. This category includes mineral waters with mineralization - more than 10 grams per liter, or waters with a high content of active trace elements, such as arsenic or boron. It should be drunk strictly on the advice of a doctor.

According to the chemical composition, six classes of mineral waters are distinguished: hydrocarbonate, chloride, sulfate, mixed, biologically active and carbonated. But there is another interpretation of this classification - according to the ionic composition:

Hydrocarbonate - this water is intended for those who go in for sports. Used in the treatment of urolithiasis. Contraindications - gastritis;

sulfate - this water is recommended for those who have problems with the liver and gallbladder, obesity and diabetes. It is strictly forbidden to use such water for children and adolescents, because sulfates prevent bone growth;

Chloride - such water helps to regulate the work of the intestinal, biliary tract and liver. Contraindications for use (categorically) - high blood pressure;

magnesium - helps with stressful situations. Contraindications - tendency to indigestion;

glandular;

Drinking cure technique

Drinking cure is the oldest method of internal application of mineral water. Resorts of the Caucasian mineral waters in early XIX centuries have become the main center of treatment in Russia. characteristic feature drinking treatment at that time was drinking mineral water in large quantities (up to 2-3 liters per day). In the future, drinking treatment was streamlined. Drinking treatment with mineral waters was combined with their external use in the form of ordinary baths, semi-baths, showers and rain baths. Apart from resorts, mineral water treatment became possible both in hospital and at home, as many mineral waters began to be exported in large quantities. bottled. Mineral waters are drunk in their natural form, without mixing them with other waters, with the exception of concentrated waters, which are diluted fresh water in order to avoid their irritating effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines.

Patients suffering from constipation, in order to achieve a laxative effect, were added to low-mineralized water a certain amount of laxative water (Batalinsky) or not. a large number of sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate (1-2 tsp).

For diseases of the upper respiratory tract, drinking alkaline and alkaline-salt waters mixed with hot milk at home (bottled water) is used.

Before starting treatment in each case, it is necessary to solve a number of questions:

1) what water and what temperature to drink;

2) what is the single and daily dose of mineral water for this patient;

3) the frequency of receptions and its distribution during the day;

4) place of mineral water intake: at the source or in a medical institution.

During drinking treatment at resorts that have their own mineral water sources, as a rule, water is drunk from the source.

It has been established that the water obtained from the source during its long-term storage, especially in an open container, undergoes denaturation. It loses its temperature and the gas it contains. In addition, shifts occur in its entire composition, complete balance is disturbed, and salts precipitate. The water becomes cloudy, loses its natural taste, and this is reflected in its medicinal properties.

Medicinal water should be drunk slowly, slowly, in small sips. This method of drinking is especially indicated for patients with reduced gastric secretion, when a long-term effect on the gastric mucosa and the receptors embedded in it is necessary in order to stimulate its secretory work.

Patients with increased secretion and high acidity should drink water quickly, in one gulp, in order to avoid prolonged irritation of the gastric mucosa, and to promote the fastest transition of mineral water from the stomach to the intestines, from where it should inhibit the secretion of gastric juice.

Laxative waters should be drunk quickly, the action of which should develop in the intestines. When drinking water slowly, its temperature may decrease, so if drinking is prescribed hot water, the patient, having drunk part of the contents of the glass, can replace the rest with a new portion of hot water. If mineral water contains a lot of gases, and their introduction into the body is undesirable (flatulence, increased acidity of gastric juice, etc.), excess gas can be removed by heating the water or by blowing it through a straw. If bottled water is used for treatment, it is necessary to adhere to measures that protect it from spoilage (store in a cool room well corked and in a horizontal position).

The temperature of mineral water is an important healing factor. If the water temperature is above 50-55 ° C, it needs to be cooled, and cold waters are heated. In large resorts at springs where mineral water is dispensed, they resort to mechanized heating, using devices with steam or water. electric heating. Usually, mineral water with a temperature of 10-15 to 45-50 ° C is used for drinking treatment.

Dosage of mineral water. The attending physician must, depending on the characteristics of mineral water, on the nature of the disease, its severity, on the patient's condition, decide on the size of a single and daily dose, on the number of doses during the day. The effect of treatment depends on the correct resolution of these issues. The value of a single dose can range from 1 tbsp. l. up to 1-2 glasses. Medicinal waters containing large amounts of substances with pronounced forms of action require very careful dosage. For example, the water from the Georgian Zubiysky spring contains arsenic in the amount of 24 mg per 1 liter of water, the water of the Mukhuri-Lugella source, also located in Georgia, has a high mineralization (54.9 g per 1 liter) and a large amount of calcium and chlorine ions. Laxative waters with strong mineralization also require careful dosage.

Mineral waters are low- and medium-mineralized, more often prescribed 200-250 ml or 400-500 ml per dose, they should be drunk in two doses with an interval of 15-30 minutes between doses.

In case of cardiovascular diseases with unstable compensation, atony of the stomach, violation of its evacuation ability, drinking treatment begins with 1/4, 1/3 or 1/2 cup and only as you get used to the water go to the full dose.

The frequency of taking medicinal water, as well as its daily dose, depends on the individual characteristics of the patient, on the nature of the mineral water and on the tasks that the doctor sets for himself. For example, in order to influence the function of the kidneys, the metabolism, it is better to drink mineral water in the morning, on an empty stomach. It quickly enters the intestines, being absorbed, enters the bloodstream in a less altered form than in the conditions of the small intestine overflowing with food.

In cases of gastrointestinal diseases, drinking mineral water is timed with meals. And drinking water is carried out most often 3 times a day: in the morning on an empty stomach, before lunch and before dinner.

It is customary to drink mineral water 15-30 minutes before meals with reduced gastric secretion.

With normal secretion, water is drunk 45-60 minutes before meals. And with increased secretion - 1.5 hours before meals.

In case of metabolic disorders in combination with diseases of the urinary tract, it is allowed to drink water, except for the three main meals, and after meals, and the total number of water intakes per day can be increased up to 5-6 times.

Indications for therapeutic (internal) use of mineral waters

Diseases of the digestive system:

1. Reflux - esophagitis.

2. Chronic gastritis.

2.1. With normal secretory function of the stomach.

2.2. With increased secretory function of the stomach.

2.3. With reduced secretory function of the stomach.

3. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.

4. Diseases of the intestines.

4.1. Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea.

4.2. Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.

5. Diseases of the liver: chronic viral hepatitis, toxic and drug-induced damage to the liver, fatty degeneration of the liver.

6. Diseases of the gallbladder, biliary tract, pancreas: chronic cholecystitis, cholangitis, cholesterosis of the gallbladder, cholelithiasis, chronic pancreatitis.

7. Disorders of the digestive system after surgical interventions: syndromes of the operated stomach after surgery for peptic ulcer, postcholecystectomy syndromes.

Diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders.

8.1. Diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent and non-insulin dependent), impaired glucose tolerance.

8.2. Obesity (alimentary).

8.3. Violation of lipoprotein metabolism.

8.4. Violation of salt metabolism.

9. Diseases of the genitourinary system: tubulointerstitial diseases (chronic pyelonephritis), urolithiasis, other diseases ( chronic cystitis, urethritis, trigonitis).

10. Blood diseases: iron deficiency anemia.

7.2. Balneological waters (for external use)

carbonic waters. In the mechanism of action of carbon dioxide waters of various chemical compositions, the content and concentration of carbon dioxide are of primary importance. FROM therapeutic purpose for external use, carbon dioxide concentrations of 0.75 - 2.0 g / cu. dm.

Carbonic waters are indicated for external use in diseases of the cardiovascular, nervous system, respiratory organs, and digestion. They are most effective in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including the initial stages of heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. If carbonic waters have a high mineralization (20 - 40 g/cubic dm), then when prescribing them, it is necessary to take into account the effect of the salt composition (similar to sodium chloride waters).

Hydrogen sulfide waters. For balneotherapy, hydrogen sulfide waters with a concentration of SUM H2S from 10 to 250 mg/m3 are used. dm. In diseases of the cardiovascular system (ischemic heart disease, hypertension, heart defects), small concentrations (25-100 mg / cubic dm) are more often used, while in diseases of the peripheral vessels, nervous system, musculoskeletal system, gynecological, skin higher concentrations are used (up to 250 mg / cubic dm).

Indications for external use: diseases of the circulatory system, nervous system, musculoskeletal system, gynecological, skin, metabolic diseases.

sodium chloride water. For therapeutic purposes, waters of this class are applied externally at concentrations of 10 - 60 g / cu. dm. It is proved that sodium chloride water 40 - 60 g / cu. dm have a more pronounced anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunocorrective effect. Water concentration 20 g/cu. dm is more commonly used to treat cardiovascular disease.

Indications for external use: diseases of the cardiovascular, nervous systems, musculoskeletal system, gynecological, urological.

AT last years new data have been obtained that have expanded the indications for the use of sodium chloride waters, proving their effectiveness in diabetes mellitus with micro- and macroangiopathies, chronic nonspecific lung diseases (chronic bronchitis), and skin diseases.

Iodine-bromine waters. Depending on the predominance of iodine or bromine in sodium chloride water, water can be iodine-bromine, bromine, bromine or iodine. The impact on the body is due to the general mineralization of these waters and the action of biologically active ions of iodine and bromine. It is with the action of iodine and bromine that the effectiveness of the use of iodine-bromine waters in atherosclerosis, thyrotoxicosis, ovarian dysfunction, their more pronounced sedative, normalizing the main nervous processes action, although there is no definite answer to some questions (thyrotoxicosis).

Indications for external use: diseases of the cardiovascular, central and peripheral nervous system, musculoskeletal system, gynecological, skin, metabolic diseases and endocrine glands.

Radon waters. Radon waters are widely distributed in nature, and there is a long-term experience of their use in resorts and in non-resort conditions.

For therapeutic purposes, radon waters are used with a radon concentration of 5 to 200 nCi / l, with low concentrations of radon in water (5 - 15 nCi / l), special treatment methods are used ( running water in the bath, pool with radon water). When comparing the effect of radon waters of different concentrations (from 40 to 200 nCi / l), it was found that with an increase in concentration, an increase in anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunocorrective action occurs; along with this, the appearance of negative reactions of a number of body systems (vegetative nervous system, sympathetic-adrenal, etc.) is also noted. Therefore, radon waters with a concentration of 20 - 40 - 80 nCi / l are more often used, less often - 120 nCi / l and very rarely 200 - nCi / l or more.

Indications for external use: diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, musculoskeletal system, gynecological, urological, skin.

Radon waters are especially effective in diseases of the organs of support and movement, peripheral nervous system, skin, gynecological due to their pronounced immunocorrective, anti-inflammatory, normalizing the function of the endocrine glands.

Siliceous thermal waters are usually low-mineralized, alkaline ones contain silicic acid 50 mg / cu. dm or more. characteristic feature of these waters is the presence of gases in them, mainly nitrogen. Small amounts contain radon.

Indications for external use: diseases of the cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, peripheral nervous system, gynecological, skin, some endocrine (thyrotoxicosis).

Arsenic waters vary greatly in their chemical and gas composition. Therefore, the effects of arsenic in natural waters on the body cannot be considered in isolation, and the role of arsenic (in studies with artificially prepared arsenic waters) in the mechanism of their action has not been sufficiently studied.

There is experience in the use of arsenic waters for coronary artery disease, functional disorders of the nervous system, thyrotoxicosis and some others.

Indications for external use of mineral medicinal waters

1. Diseases of the circulatory system: rheumatic heart disease, hypertension, coronary heart disease, essential hypotension, cardiomyopathy, diseases of peripheral arteries and veins.

2. Diseases of the nervous system.

2.1. Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system.

2.2. Cerebrovascular diseases.

2.3. Functional diseases of the nervous system.

2.4. Damage to individual nerves, nerve roots and plexuses; polyneuropathy; diseases of the neuromuscular synapse and muscles; consequences of injuries of the roots, plexuses, nerve trunks, spinal cord and brain; disorders of the autonomic nervous system.

3. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system: arthropathy (infectious, inflammatory osteoarthritis); systemic connective tissue lesions; dorsopathy and spondylopathy; soft tissue diseases; osteopathy and chondropathy.

4. Diseases of the respiratory system: chronic obstructive and non-obstructive bronchitis.

5. Diseases of the digestive system: diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum (reflux - esophagitis, chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum) bowel disease; liver disease; diseases of the gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas; disorders after surgery.

6. Diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders.

6.1. Diseases of the thyroid gland.

6.2. Diabetes.

6.3. Obesity (alimentary).

7. Diseases of the genitourinary system.

7.1. Tubulointerstitial diseases (chronic pyelonephritis, pyelitis, etc.); other diseases of the urinary system (cystitis, urethritis, trigonitis, etc.).

7.2. Urolithiasis disease.

7.3. Diseases of the male genital organs (chronic prostatitis, orchitis, epididymitis, etc.).

7.4. Inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs.

8. Skin diseases: dermatitis and eczema, papulosquamous disorders, urticaria, diseases of the skin appendages, scars, keratoses, etc.

mineral water drinking treatment

Vikoristani dzherela:

1. http://www.med.orel.ru/mineral.htm

2. http://www.medn.ru/vodolechenie/3.htm

3. http://www.selivanovskaya.ru/article13.htm

4. http://www.istok-penza.ru/root/encyclopedia/mineral/whatis

5. http://www.vodam.ru/

6. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D