Interview from the Moscow journalist Andrei Polyakov, who kindly provided us with his material, which, due to his workload, he could not post on his website. The conversation may be interesting to someone, so we posted it here, adding photos and sketches that appeared on the video.

The interview took place in the summer of 2011.

• Micro hydroelectric power station from an air pump (snail).
• Homemade Stepper Low-speed generator with permanent magnets, without gearboxes and rolling bearings, at a penny cost.

• Wood Turbine. Is it real? Sketches.
• How to Transmit mechanical energy over 100 - 5.000 meters without electricity?
• How, from what to make a generator in extreme conditions of disconnection of networks?
• The film "Village of Watermills" is a hint of Harmony with Nature.
• Gravity is a source of energy. Scheme. It's simple.

Erast, at what stage is work on your self-made micro hydroelectric power station now? Will the moment of the first test come soon?

We are just doing it for now. We do what is called “a teaspoon per hour” because of the abundance of worries that cannot be pushed aside either. Welding works are 95% completed. In other words, the "car" is already there. It remains to stick around with little things, and, as you know, there is more fuss with them than with an array of iron. This includes cleaning, painting and drilling, riveting, assembly on bolts, installation of magnets, windings with semiconductors.

What is this product in general and what is its principle of operation.

Simply put, this is an ordinary centrifugal-type air pump, 1.2 meters in size, of which there were and are a great many in enterprises and collective farms, in the common people or in slang for technicians called "snail". Its body is slightly redrawn, the outlet opening is wider, and its operation, already as a microhydroelectric power station or a hydroturbine, is provided, as it were, backwards. That is, the inlet and outlet for air change places, the outlet window has become an inlet-bell for the oncoming water flow of the river. The hull is located lying down, which is very advantageous in shallow water and small rivers. Water comes out along the shaft, from below and above, from two holes cut in both decks. The shaft has stainless tips.

An impeller from the same pump of a slightly larger diameter is welded to the shaft and inserted into the casing of this former pump. With this arrangement, a centripetal vortex is formed, which rotates the impeller one and a half to two times faster. Moreover, the flaps fixed inside also help this acceleration, redirecting the flow to the impeller at a more favorable angle, and even with the formation of vortices in the gaps between themselves and the impeller flaps. Thus, the centrifugal air pump became a centripetal type hydroturbine, with a power of presumably 0.2 - 0.5 kW. And with even greater current strength, it can be “stretched” by 1 kW.

Photo 2.

What is the meaning of this alteration and what do we have as a result?

We have an energy source made with very little money. One average pension is enough for its production cost. Its power, presumably, should be about 200-500 watts, based on the power supply of a walkie-talkie, emergency lighting, battery charging, video-audio equipment, a computer, etc. It is transparent, installed and removed by one or two people. Moreover, this is an example of implementation on just one axis of rotation, in two birch bearing assemblies. Everything is cooled and lubricated with water. Without any gearboxes, pulleys and belts, without high-tech bearings requiring oil lubrication and water protection with all kinds of seals. Birch can be soaked or boiled in oil, drying oil, rosin, wax, paraffin. Treat with any suitable water repellent. This was the main feature.

A ring 600 mm in diameter, with thirty permanent magnets, should be attached to the impeller. EMF (Electromotive Force) occurs in six or nine windings filled with resin to isolate from water. It turns out, in the likeness of stepper motors, a low-speed multi-phase (6 or 9-phase) generator. Then, through diode bridges, everything is connected to two wires of the cable and, already on the shore, it is finally straightened to direct current. And then "do what you want with him."

That is, we are talking about the fact that this thing should work at any time of the year?

Yes. Even under the ice. And almost all year round. But apparently it will be necessary to clean the grasses, twigs from sediments and take them out from under the ice before the spring ice drift. Autumn sludge - fine ice at the first frost, of course, she also does not need it. In general, a couple of months a year falls out of the year of operation.

On what waters? On small rivers or what? That is, in a small stream?

It is designed for a flow of about 5-8 km / h. Not less. And here is exactly such a range in areas up to 3-5 meters deep on the rod.

And how to call it "small"? Look, when you stand at Kazyr, such power rushes, it takes your breath away. I just want to “negotiate” with him, and then somehow harness ...

Photo 3.

It's clear. On the example of this micro hydroelectric power station, can more powerful ones be created?

Yes. More powerful ones can be created. But I wouldn't go down that path at all. I have a blank from an even larger pump, designed for 1-3KW. The body and its "native" impeller. Brought once for the same purpose. But now I'm thinking, is it worth cutting it? Because I want to stop making welded structures.

And what we are doing now is smaller, by 200-500 watts. only done to show that it is possible and it works. Because some people don't really believe in it. And then, if we repeat such a thing, then in a tree. Entirely made of wood.

The main feature is something. To show that this is done, well, almost for free. We calculated in such a way that it would even be possible to install permanent magnets from household equipment by removing transformer iron from meters or from electromagnetic relays (starters), winding wires from anywhere, selecting according to the cross section and number of turns, winding, filling with bitumen. And it will work. There will be no magnets - we will make excitation windings. If necessary, we can even make a turbine out of a log. Let's choose more evenly, drill with drills or pen drills, drive in the blades on the wedges (at the right angle) and get a mechanical drive.

There are a lot of ideas and ready-made developments. We can even build a swinging blade and transfer energy by reciprocating motion to the shore with a simple galvanized (or even aluminum) wire from an overhead wire from high-voltage poles. And there, use it for the movement of the saw frame or convert it into rotation of the organs of the machine. This was successfully used in past centuries and in Holland, for example, it has survived to this day, after 350-400 years.

Photo 4.

A separate topic is the use of winds. For all their inconstancy, they have great strength and using their great energy in mechanical form, you can do a huge amount of work in just an hour or two.

Everything is based on the idea of ​​"how to do it without money and purchases." in the most critical case. And not because it is impossible now, but because one day it may become impossible. Turn off the switch - extreme comes. And the knife switch is breathing heavily. Look, our "Shusha" has already given a sign. They fussed, ran, and then calmed down. Almost all. But there was a sign!

Here the word “tree” sounded, but everyone will say “how will the tree work in water? Will it still get wet?"

Great question! And quite natural in our upbringing in the society in which we were born and raised. But imagine that we were born in the 17th century. Would we have such a question? And it wouldn't have crossed my mind! Everything on the tree worked there. And in water and in fire and in foundries and forges ...

Photo 5.

Ships for 30 years in the seas threw - chatted. The Japanese won (and the Chinese) in the provinces still warm water for washing in a wooden barrel over an open fire, similar to the school experiments of our childhood (when water was boiled in a paper cup). The water wheels themselves, which powered almost all the machines and equipment, were made of wood and worked in water. Barrels without water dry up and begin to flow. There are laws of physics and "secrets" of carpentry assembly, which do not just play with getting wet and swelling, but even use it to increase the strength of the entire structure. In water and whirlwinds, many rocks do not rot and are even able to survive metal.

Rice. 6.

In addition, if we are talking about vortices, it is useful to know that they work well in diamagnetic devices. That is, from a non-magnetic material. At what the tree is the best option. Good and burnt clay, stone. They are able to catalyze processes in water. Look at the rivers. It is with these materials that water comes into contact. And if you are attentive and observant, you can see the seemingly supernatural behavior of water in Nature.

But that's not the point. This is all interesting, but not the main thing yet. After all, we are considering the topic from the point of view of the so-called extreme conditions, this is the notorious word emergency. The upcoming circumstances will not ask us whether we want to construct in a tree or consider it junk. They will just leave us with one tree and a few stash of iron around the yards. That's all. The enema will wash away all our dreams - delusions. But we really need to understand what we are left with.

We must boldly admit that we are sick of technocracy. And she is to our death. Especially in these times. Well, for example, our mega-toys were washed away or blown away, something collapsed there. Well, that's actually what's happening these days. Here and there. Crashing, sinking, burning...

The earth is alive. She wants Harmony. She breaks our toys. They interfere with her life and threaten to destroy her, while we, with serious faces, run across its surface with all sorts of shooters, and make big broads, now under water, now under her skin. Yes, we exhausted Mother Earth with our stupid games! Especially with their negative emotions, aggression.

And here comes her Harmony. Wow! And she feels good ... Silence. Space sounds. And for us, emergency. Extreme conditions in the midst of the Great Harmony. Absurd and nothing more.

But I understand perfectly well that it is simply impossible to convey these things to most people. The psychology of perception is too changed. I was treated for habitual thinking for about 10 years.

Photo 7.

After watching Akira Kurosawa's short film "Water Mill Village" (from the "Dreams" series), I was very inspired. To the depths of my soul I felt HOW HARMONIOUS THIS IS! And only after 10 years I began to understand the simple words spoken by the elder. And then I still had to “treat” from the desire to do everything from purchased welded pipes.

Photo 8.

I have been very lucky in my life. Reality taught me hard lessons. I have been going to the creation of our micro hydroelectric power station for eight years. He collected iron (while the collective farms fell apart, and their remains had not yet had time to drink on). And for a long time I could not start what to do. There were no opportunities. But none. Such languor of the idea forced to hone everything to the smallest detail. Learn not to demand from Reality and from people. Don't get attached to the result.

Later, nevertheless, he began, sacrificing a lot in his life. Few people know anything about this. Promoted % by 70. And again a break for one and a half - two years. And all this led to a simple thought that if I had immediately made a turbine in a tree, I would have done it long ago. On your own home workbench. It all helped me to comprehend that this is the only way, in fact, it is necessary. Due to upcoming conditions. For a year I toiled with the thought “how should this be arranged?”. For a long time I did not find a solution.

Once I lay down on a bed and began to meditate on a completely different topic. How, I think, did these ancient Greeks soften basalt and cast statues from it? I remember a friend told me.

Took off something. Then, since such a “sprinkle” had already gone, he wondered about the impeller made of wood. Twisted, spun ... And Ooooh! Oh! There I saw her in all her glory. And I was so inspired that I really saw her beautiful. It is beautiful!

The electronic drawing shows the assembly diagram. This is of course a pathetic semblance of an imaginary, but still I think it will be clear.

Rice. 9.

Absolutely in the likeness of a snail pump. Two decks of shields connected in a tenon-groove are edged with a set of rails, like a cooper's riveting. It is tied to the two main load-bearing beams with two wire hoops - sixes or belts from the same wood, drawn in with wedges or wire ties. In both decks, there are holes for the impeller in the likeness of the same water wheels. This same rotor is inserted into them on two beams with bearings. All wood. Only rotor shafts made of hex head bolts and threading similar to wood screws. This (without details) is a turbine made of carpentry wood with cooperage elements, just one of several mental developments. Some of it has already been designed and modeled. Nodes and connections worked out.

Photo 10.

I already mentioned in the last conversation about the period of conditional poverty. A useful thing is poverty. It makes you THINK. At the next move, I brought with me an impeller from an even larger air pump (snail) 250-300 kg. And I began to think about how I can deal with it now. Shaft 1m. length and 100 mm. in diameter, with 90 kg. weight had to be pulled out with a huge puller, which is not there, machined on a lathe, and inserted on the other side, welding more parts.

I again ran into money and orders (because I sharpen myself, but I don’t have my own machine and there’s no access nearby either) I ran into turning, transportation, etc. And here I finally realized that I was doing nonsense and now I don’t need it. Spent so much time and money transporting this rotor so many times just for my own insight. I've been hanging around with it for so many years, trying to turn it into a water wheel or a turbine, and only now it has "reached the point of a giraffe." And he began to comprehend the technologies of the 17th-18th centuries from the standpoint of the technologies of the time of the Earth's transition. I realized that all this our hardware is by and large not needed. It pulls welding, with all the connection problems, lack of capacity in towns and villages, consumable electrodes, disks, turning, fuss, and in fact MONEY.

If I had money then, the necessary conclusions and insights would not have been made. If I were now offered to live again that beggarly period, but with money, I would refuse. Otherwise I would have sold my insights. I could then buy them. But they cost a lot. You can't measure them with money. I just lived through the lessons that are yet to come for everyone who believes that there will always be money.

And even if we did create some workshops, we can do it in hardware together, on our equipment, chipping in with our pensions - earnings. But it is still a certain complexity. It does not show how to LIVE WITHOUT MONEY and live without technocracy. But I set a goal for myself (I consciously turned myself in this direction) - to collect possible information, adapt it and distribute it more widely, to show how something can be done without technocracy. Literally from what will REMAIN AT OUR DISPOSAL and there will be no other. When the hour "H" comes.

And later, having explored the topic of upcoming events on the planet even more deeply, he formed into a system or concept of equipment and technologies of the transition period called "Stalker 2012-17-30". With a share of a joke, the decoding of the abbreviation is as follows:

Armageddon Technology System Human Concept of Unified Development.

And the Stalker is a guide to the unknown, the beyond, the anomalous, which awaits us all. And if the Stalker is a guide, then Stalker technologies will help us to "go through" the period of the Earth's transition.

We certainly hope to complete it. There is no miracle. Everything is very simple.

When will this happen?

Now let's wait for spring. We might be able to do it sooner. We will cut half a meter of ice with a chainsaw and we will “fish” it. But I would not make any deadlines and would not promise anything, especially. Few of our deadlines come true. Let's live the process and not the result.

And I can add: We work with it only because we once started it. In fact, our interest has long been directed to other areas.

Let's just touch this area. What I wanted to talk about.

Yes. These are gravity wheels or the so-called unbalanced wheel principle, which is the simplest and most affordable alternative for any yard or household. The question is debatable, of course, for people who are not dedicated, and especially adherents of the orthodox scientific approach. But those who search in this area have long understood that gravity can do useful work. And made sure in practice.

Returning to the topic of the previous conversation, the dogma ABOUT the IMPOSSIBILITY of creating a device with an efficiency above 100%, or an engine that turns itself without seemingly consuming anything, and even does work, is a false dogma. And those who do not know about it or do not believe in it often do everything successfully and everything works for them.

At the end of the second millennium, a lot of contact (channeled) information began to appear, all kinds of references and warnings (in books and other literature) that the flows of information about "new" sources of free energy will soon simply overflow into thousands and millions of minds, and to suppress they will be simply impossible. Millions of people will receive information on a conscious level and make "their" inventions in real life. Disinformation, too, will not be able to stop this truly gigantic wave. This is exactly what is happening today.

Quite legally, there are many sites where, along with misinformation, there are a lot of gravitational wheels exactly like those that were presented as non-working in books like entertaining physics by Yan Perelman (or other authors). But they work. And there are hundreds of types and principles. Enough video. Turning a blind eye to this, proving to yourself that this is impossible, this is deception, editing, computer graphics, is to hide your head in the sand.

Gravity wheels are the smallest "pawn" that can be sacrificed by giving to us in order to save the rest of the "pieces". There are more advanced developments. And here we can recall the phrase from the New Testament: “But even dogs eat crumbs from the table of their masters” (in another place, children). Hungry unless will sort out grubs. If you're truly hungry, then where does all your pride go? Got a piece and thanks. Why are we picky.

Here is JUST one example: (YouTube - Chas Campbell - Gravity Wheel)

Photo 11.

One good American uncle made a gravity wheel about 3 - 3.5 m in diameter. Below gearboxes - chain, belt, pulleys and flywheels. From them the electric generator rotates. The roller is very “constricted”, but despite the low quality, we managed to understand that this is a type of unbalanced wheel with a controlled shift in the center of gravity. And naturally, the device of the mechanism that controls the loads is closed with a white disk. But it can be seen that the weights are of a pale burgundy color, probably with a slight backlash, conjugated with each other, on the left closer to the center, and on the right further, almost on the periphery. At the top, as they rotate, they rise, and at the stage of movement below they also rise. That is, at the top they move away from the center, and at the bottom they are pulled up to it. The white lines between the outer rim and the inner rim should not be ignored. These are reinforcement elements, for rigidity.

Roughly speaking, the weights describe a circle eccentrically to the center of rotation of the wheel itself. Rotation is clockwise. The uncle includes a load of 2.5 - 3.5 kW on the power tool. This is between 3 and 4 kW of mechanical power. It is not so important on which (swinging or not) bars the loads are suspended. The mechanism for managing them is important.

At first, the control mechanism was seen as somewhat complicated, but workable. And later we came to the conclusion that everything is much simpler.

Rice. 12.

Here is a drawing from the magazine "Do it yourself" about 15 - 20 years ago, in an article about water wheels for your own household. Such good old water wheels with swivel blades (blades) began to be used after simple, steamboat water wheels with static unregulated blades, so that the blades would enter at a more favorable angle, slam against the water less in vain, in general, their efficiency is higher than simple ones. They are a hundred years old or more.

Rice. thirteen

And if you slightly rotate the picture, remove the details we don’t need and add our own, then this is what happens. Direct hint from the past. You can imagine two hubs with spokes, separated by a small distance, having a common rim. And a crankshaft passes through both hubs, the middle neck of which is spaced from the main axis (main journals) by a distance of 0.5 from the difference in the position of the loads on the radius. On this middle neck, the third, control, hub is attached. Tractions (pushers, rods) go from it to the cargo interfaces (movable interface, with backlash, because points A converge and diverge. One of the rods must be rigidly connected to the hub, the rest should swing.

That's actually the whole mechanism. It is very simple, which many people fail to understand. This raises a lot of controversy. It does not fit in the mind that it is simply arranged. "A! Just? - Can not be!" Like, it must be difficult. And is rejected. In fact, “everything ingenious is simple” comes from such things. Not primitive, but simple.

It is noteworthy that by "accidental" coincidence(and there are no accidents, as the wise say) the drawing of the Gravity Wheel fell under number 13. What does this mean? Mysticism, Rock, Devilry?

This is Mystic, but far from rock.
"thirteen"- It has nothing to do with devils and other things, where people attribute this, who from childhood have been hammered into such an attitude towards the number "13".

"13" doesn't resonate and is not proportional to any numbers, dimensions and frequencies of vibrations of this dimension.

IT'S BETWEEN. That is, it symbolizes a transition, a transitional state. It's like "Tone - Semitone" on the keyboard, in music, in color, in sound. So "13" is the number of TRANSITION. Everything is as it should be.

It's a sign! (Laughing) It's time to GO to Wheels. (Laughter again...)

How else to move into the future? With a POWERED socket in your teeth or what? ..

Let's get back to the turbine. So this is the kind of thing you can do? Without attracting any large funds. It's still a tree, as far as I understand.

Yes, the fact of the matter is that we want to follow the path of not raising any funds. All we can attract is what we can not attract. It just might speed things up. No more. We may not attract anything at all. But will we do it? - Let's see. Maybe we can find something better.

Because while we were “making” a turbine in a hurry, we outgrew it. No joke, a year and a half breaks. Time goes by, the turbine stops. We involuntarily communicate, consult, learn new things. While we live to see the bright moment to take on this, maybe we will outgrow it.

I feel like something needs to be completed.

Here we are finishing the turbine. It's not easy, but we jokingly agreed - we work in the "retro style". We joke with each other - imagine, we fly on saucers for ourselves, and then we wanted to, “let's build a sailboat or a yacht, a real piece of wood. Let's take a walk, breathe in the fresh wind, scrapes, chatter. As once. In a past life". And we are working with the turbine, thinking about something else already. Otherwise, those who expect a turbine from us and have invested may not understand us if we quit. Here we are trying for the sake of relationships, and not for the sake of the best result.

After all, the main point is that we will be saved, first of all, by trusting good relations, disinterested help as in our own family, no matter how much we try to realize it. Otherwise, if every man is for himself, no pieces of iron and pieces of wood will save us, no matter how much we make and stock up. Behind these just a few words is the main thing. Just one mention, and life depends on it.

Well, you will make a turbine. Of course, she will give you an idea again, but I think you will bring it to the end. What a fundamentally new stage can be reached with such gravitational things.

Well, what is 3.5 kilowatts in your own household? Basically, you don't need more. More than this is already manners through the measure. Any carpentry machine consumes about 3 kW. It's electric power. And if we cut out the link “generator - wires - engine”, like that, “clack” was cut out. And they did a direct mechanical transmission. Maybe even their own variators. And even fewer losses. Output more. Our carpenter's machine, made in any way, especially if made according to the technologies of the 17th century, will run on this power. This is enough to provide for the entire economy. Alternately turn on one or the other and that's enough. Of course, we are not talking about the mandatory presence of only electric stoves and kettles with irons. Natural fire gives much more health to food than all this rubbish. Unless as an exception or a spare addition. And the world needs so little energy in general.

Let's draw conclusions: In principle, by combining these things into a certain system, a separately taken economy can be energy-closed, serve itself, say, by a river of some kind ...

Or no river.

Yes, no river. And these huge substations are not needed, it is unnecessary to disperse all this. As I understand from what has been said, this can be done by almost any person who is more or less smart. To some kind of wheel invented long ago, there is an engineer, there are people who are ready to do it. All this is quickly done and replenished independently, from materials from Nature. That is, we do not lose anything in any cataclysms, since the electrical mechanisms will not fail.

Yes. Yes. We consider the moment of life in extreme conditions. We do not set the task now to create an alternative to centralized power supply. We just need to survive. The management circles have made a great future for themselves. Right? They have done everything that is considered necessary for their own salvation. We too have the right to do something for our own salvation. We need communications, lighting, minimal video, audio equipment (if it still continues to work) and mechanics, machine tools. It is necessary to build, make materials, alternative equipment. We want to live. Are we given this right?

The issue of quality of life. How exactly to live?

Regardless of system shocks. After all, everyone (if not the blind) sees these upheavals.

That is, you look with optimism at the number 111, which is developing intensively in 2011, a new date for the quantum evolutionary leap has been set. Either 11. 11. 11. Or 05. 11. 11. And that the symbol of salvation 111 is the bus that runs along the Tayaty-Karatuz route, numbered 111 :-)

Circumstances tell a lot. But I don’t stick too much… It may be that we have come to new information and have new experience, this is also a manifestation of all these signs.

(An example of the implementation of birch bearings on a pottery machine in 2006.

Photo 14.

Hydroelectric power plants use the power of water to generate electrical energy. Self-made stations solve the problem of remoteness from centralized power grids or help save on electricity.

Advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric power plants

Hydroelectric power plants have the following advantages over other types of alternative energy sources:

• They do not depend on the weather and time of day (unlike). This allows more power to be generated at a predictable rate.
• The power of the source (river or stream) can be adjusted. To do this, it is enough to narrow the channel with a dam or provide a difference in water heights.
• Hydraulic installations do not make any noise (unlike).
• Many types of low power stations do not require any installation permits.

The disadvantages of home-made hydroelectric power plants include the inability to work in cold weather. In addition, the water environment is aggressive, so the station parts must be waterproof and durable.

When designing a mini-hydro power plant for use as an alternative source of energy for your own home, the following factors should be decisive:

• The proximity of the river to the house. Installing a homemade station away from home is not worth it. The farther the installation, the lower its efficiency, because some of the energy will be lost during transmission. In addition, it is more difficult to protect your HPP from theft or damage.
• Sufficient flow rate or the possibility of its increase. The power of the station increases exponentially as the speed of the water increases.

Finding the speed is easy. Throw a piece of Styrofoam or a tennis ball into the water and time it to swim a certain distance. Then divide meters by seconds and you'll find your speed. The minimum sufficient water speed for a home-made hydroelectric power station is 1 m / s.

If the flow rate of your river or stream is below this value, then a small dam or a narrowing pipe will increase it. But these options can cause additional difficulties. The construction of the dam requires permission from the authorities, as well as the consent of the neighbors.

Do-it-yourself mini hydroelectric power station

The design of the hydroelectric power station is quite complicated, so it will be possible to build only a small station on your own, which will save on electricity or provide energy to a modest household. Below are two examples of the implementation of a homemade hydroelectric power station.

How to make a mini hydroelectric power plant from a bicycle

This version of the hydroelectric power station is ideal for cycling trips. It is compact and lightweight, but will be able to provide energy for a small camp set up on the banks of a stream or river. The resulting electricity is enough for evening lighting and charging mobile devices.

To install the station you will need:

• The front wheel of a bicycle.
• A bicycle generator that is used to power bicycle lights.
• Homemade blades. They are pre-cut from sheet aluminum. The width of the blades should be from two to four centimeters, and the length should be from the wheel hub to its rim. There can be any number of blades, they need to be placed at the same distance from each other.

To start such a station, it is enough to immerse the wheel in water. The immersion depth is determined experimentally, from about a third to a half of the wheel.

To build a more powerful station for permanent use, more durable materials will be needed. Metal and plastic elements are best suited, which are easier to protect from the effects of the aquatic environment. But wooden parts are also suitable if they are impregnated with a special solution and painted with waterproof paint.

The station requires the following items:

• Steel drum from the cable (2.2 meters in diameter). A rotor-wheel is made from it. To do this, the drum is cut into pieces and welded again at a distance of 30 centimeters. Blades (18 pieces) are made from the remnants of the drum. They are welded to the radius at an angle of 45 degrees. To support the entire structure, a frame is made from corners or pipes. The wheel rotates on bearings.
• A chain reducer is installed on the wheel (the gear ratio should be four). To make it easier to bring the drive and generator axles together, as well as to reduce vibration, the rotation is transmitted through the cardan from the old car.
• The generator is suitable for an asynchronous motor. Another gear reducer with a ratio of about 40 should be added to it. Then for a three-phase generator with 3000 revolutions per second, with a total reduction ratio of 160, the number of revolutions will decrease to 20 revolutions per minute.
• Place all electrical equipment in a waterproof container.

The source materials described are easy to find in a landfill or from friends. For cutting a steel drum with a grinder and for welding, you can pay specialists (or do everything yourself). As a result, a hydroelectric power station with a capacity of up to 5 kW will cost a small amount.

Getting electricity from water is not so difficult. It is more difficult to build an autonomous power supply system based on a homemade hydroelectric power station, maintain the station in working order and ensure the safety of people and animals around it.

Option number 1

A home-made Rope Garland mini-hydroelectric power station is an excellent solution for obtaining affordable and inexpensive electricity if there is a small river with your place of residence.

The design of a garland cable mini-hydroelectric power station is based on the rotation of the cable in the riverbed.

The first designs of an autonomous simplest hydroelectric power station were put into practice by individual craftsmen half a century ago. Back in the Radio magazine for the 50s, they printed information about a garland hydroelectric power station, made in tin cans and with a generator from a car!

Fig.1. Appearance of a do-it-yourself cable garland of a mini-hydroelectric power station.

How to make a cable garland hydroelectric power station with your own hands?

The figure below shows a diagram of the design of a simple rope garland mini-hydroelectric power station with a turbine-rope hydraulic drive that rotates from the flow of the river.

Fig. 2 Scheme and principle of operation of the Garland mini-hydroelectric power station

1. Bearing, 2. Support, 3. Metal cable, 4. Hydraulic wheel (turbine),

5. Power generator, 6. Upper river level, 7. River bed.

As hydraulic wheels (rotors), in a cable hydraulic drive of a mini-hydroelectric power station, several “impellers” made of a thin metal sheet with a diameter of about half a meter can be used, like a children's toy - a propeller made of a square sheet of paper. As a flexible shaft, it is advisable to use a conventional steel cable with a diameter of 10 ... 15 mm.
Approximate calculations show that from such a cable hydroelectric power station, you can get up to 1.5 ... 2.0 kW from one hydrowheel, with a river flow of about 2.5 meters / sec!

If supports 2 with bearings 1 and electric generator 5 are installed on the bottom of the river, and the bearings with the generator are raised above the river level, and the whole structure is placed along the flow axis, then the result will be practically the same. This scheme is expediently used for very "narrow rivers" but with a depth of more than 0.5 meters. Thermal energy in such a hydroelectric power station can be obtained by connecting electric heaters to an electric generator.

The rotors of a hydroelectric power plant are usually located in the core of the flow (at 0.2 depth from the surface in summer and 0.5 depth from the ice surface in winter). The depth of the river at the installation site of the hydroelectric power plant does not exceed 1.5 m. With a river depth of more than 1.5 m, it is quite possible to use rotors arranged in two rows.

The emergence of dachas and even farms on waste lands remote from the power grid, the galloping rise in fuel and electricity prices brought to life the old ideas of autonomous power supply with the widespread use of natural energy from the sun, wind and water. Including increased interest in mini- and micro-hydroelectric power stations.

Two of these hydroelectric power plants acceptable for self-construction are: do-it-yourself micro-hydroelectric power station and a floating damless mini-hydroelectric power station. Next in line are structures, the prototype of which was the free-flow (1964 model) daisy-chain hydroelectric power station of V. Blinov.

Dudyshev V.D.

Option number 2

The hydroelectric power plants that will be discussed are free-flow, with a rather original turbine from the so-called Savonius rotors strung on a common (maybe flexible, composite) working shaft. They do not require dams and other large-scale hydraulic structures for their installation. Able to work with full efficiency even in shallow water, which, combined with the simplicity, compactness and reliability of the design, make these hydroelectric power plants very promising for those farmers and gardeners whose plots of land are located near small watercourses (rivers, streams and ditches).

Unlike dams, free-flow hydropower plants, as is known, use only the kinetic energy of flowing water. To determine the power, there is a formula here:

N=0.5*p*V3*F*n (1),

N - power on the working shaft (W),
- р - water density (1000 kt/m3),
- V - river flow velocity (m/s),
- F - cross-sectional area of ​​the active (immersed) part of the working body of the hydraulic machine (m2),
- n - energy conversion efficiency.

As can be seen from formula 1, at a river speed of 1 m/s, ideally (when n = 1) a power equal to only 500 W per square meter of the active part of the hydraulic machine falls. This value is clearly small for industrial use, but it is quite sufficient for the subsidiary farm of a farmer or summer resident. Moreover, it can be increased by the parallel operation of several "hydraulic garlands".

And one more subtlety. The speed of the river in its different parts is different. Therefore, before starting the construction of a mini hydroelectric power station, it is necessary to determine the energy potential of your river using a simple method. We only recall that the distance traveled by the measuring float and divided by the time of its passage will correspond to the average flow velocity in this section. It should also be noted that this parameter will change depending on the season.

Therefore, the calculation of the design should be made, guided by the average (for the planned period of operation of the mini-HPP) speed of the river.

Fig. 1 Savonius rotors for home-made daisy-chain mini-hydroelectric power stations:

a, b - blades; 1 - transverse, 2 - end.

Next, you need to determine the size of the active part of the hydraulic machine and its type. Since the whole mini-hydro power plant should be as simple and easy to manufacture as possible, the most suitable type of converter is the Savonius rotor of the end design. When working with complete immersion in water, the value of F can be taken equal to the product of the rotor diameter D and its length L, and n=0.5. The rotation frequency f with an accuracy acceptable for practice is determined by the formula:

f=48V/3.14D (rpm) (2).

To make the hydropower plant as compact as possible, the power specified in the calculation should be correlated with the real load, the power supply of which should be provided by a mini-hydroelectric power station (since, unlike a wind turbine, current will be continuously supplied to the consumer's network here). As a rule, this electricity is used for lighting, powering the TV, radio, refrigerator. And only the latter is included in the work during the day constantly. The rest of the electrical appliances work mainly in the evening. Based on this, it is advisable to focus on the maximum power from one "hydraulic garland" of the order of 250-300 W, covering the peak load with a battery charged from a mini-hydroelectric power station.

The transmission of torque from the working shaft of the hydraulic power plant to the pulley of the electric generator is usually carried out using an intermediate transmission. However, this element, strictly speaking, can be excluded if the generator used in the design of the micro-hydroelectric power station has an operating speed of rotation of less than 750 rpm. However, direct communication often has to be abandoned. After all, for the vast majority of generators of domestic production, the operating speed of rotation at the beginning of the "delivery" of power lies in the range of 1500-3000 rpm. This means that additional coordination of the shafts of the hydraulic power plant and the electric generator is needed.

Well, now that the preliminary theoretical part is over, let's consider specific designs. Each of them has its own merits.

Here, for example, is a semi-stationary free-flow mini-hydroelectric power station with a horizontal arrangement of two coaxial, rotated 90 ° relative to each other (to facilitate self-starting) and rigidly connected transverse-type Savonius rotors. Moreover, the main parts and components of this home-made hydropower plant are made of wood as the most accessible and “obedient” building material.

The proposed mini-hydroelectric power station is submersible. That is, its support frame is located across the watercourse at the bottom and is reinforced with stretch cables or poles (if, for example, there are walkways, a boat pier, etc. nearby). This is done in order to avoid the entrainment of the structure by the watercourse itself.

Fig. 2 Submersible mini-hydroelectric power station with a horizontal arrangement of rotors of a transverse type:

1 - spar-base (beam 150x100, 2 pcs.), 2 - lower cross-beam (board 150x45, 2 pcs.), 3 - middle cross-beam (beam 150x120, 2 pcs.), 4 - riser (round timber with a diameter of 100, 4 pcs. .), 5 upper spar (board 150x45, 2 pcs.), 6 - upper cross member (board 100x40, 4 pcs.), 7 - intermediate shaft (stainless steel, rod with a diameter of 30), 8 - pulley block, 9 - DC generator current, 10 - "gander" with a porcelain roller and a two-core insulated wire, 11 - base plate (board 200x40), 12 - drive pulley, 13 - wooden bearing assembly (2 pcs), 14 - rotor "hydraulic garland" (D600, L1000 , 2 pcs.), 15 disk (from boards 20-40 mm thick knocked down into a shield, 3 pcs); metal fasteners (including extensions, hubs of the outer discs) are not conventionally shown.

Of course, the depth of the river at the installation site of the mini-hydroelectric power station should be less than the height of the support frame. Otherwise, it is very difficult (if not impossible) to avoid water entering the electric generator. Well, if the place where it is supposed to place a mini-hydroelectric power station has a depth of more than 1.5 m or there is a high water flow and flow rate that vary greatly throughout the year (which, by the way, is quite typical for snow-fed watercourses), then this design is recommended to be equipped with floats . This will also make it easy to move it when installed on the river.

The support frame of a mini hydroelectric power station is a rectangular frame made of timber, boards and small logs fastened with nails and wire (cables). The metal parts of the structure (nails, bolts, clamps, corners, etc.) should be, if possible, made of stainless steel or other corrosion-resistant alloys.

Well, since the operation of such a mini-hydroelectric power station is often possible in Russia only seasonally (due to the freezing of most rivers), then after the expiration of the operation, the entire structure pulled ashore is subject to a thorough inspection. Timely change rotten wooden elements, rusted, despite the precautions taken, metal parts.

One of the main components of our mini-hydroelectric power station is a "hydropower garland" of two rigidly fixed (and constituting a single unit on the working shaft) rotors. Their discs are easy to make from boards 20-30 mm thick. To do this, having made a shield out of them, using a compass, build a circle with a diameter of 600 mm. After that, each of the boards is cut according to the curve obtained on it. Having knocked the blanks together on two slats (to give the required rigidity), they repeat everything three times - according to the number of required disks.

As for the blades, it is advisable to make them from roofing iron. And better - from cylindrical stainless containers (barrels) of suitable size and cut in half (along the axis), in which agricultural fertilizers and other aggressive materials are usually stored and transported. In extreme cases, the blades can also be made of wood. But their weight (especially after a long stay in the water) will greatly increase. And this should be remembered when creating a mini-hydroelectric power station on floats.

Spike supports are attached to the ends of the "hydroenergy garland". In fact, these are short cylinders with a wide flange and an end slot for a key. The flange is attached to the respective rotor disc with four bolts.

To reduce friction, bearings are provided located on the middle crossbars. And since ordinary ball or roller bearings are unsuitable for working in water, they use ... home-made wooden ones. The design of each of them consists of two clamps and insert plates with a hole for the passage of the spike support. Moreover, the middle bearing shells are positioned so that the wood fibers here run parallel to the shaft. In addition, special measures are taken to ensure that the insert plates are firmly fixed against lateral displacements. Do this with the help of tightening bolts.

Fig.3 Plain bearing assembly:

1 - crimping bracket (St3, strip 50x8, 4 pcs.), 2 - middle frame cross member, 3 - crimping insert (made of hard wood, 2 pcs.), 4 replaceable insert (made of hard wood, 2 pcs.) , 5 - M10 bolt with Grover's nut and washer (4 sets), 6 - M8 stud with two nuts and washers (2 pcs.).

As an electric generator in the considered micro-hydroelectric power station, any of the automobile ones is used. They give out 12-14 V DC and easily dock with both the battery and electrical appliances. The power of these machines is about 300 watts.

The design of a portable mini-hydroelectric power station with a vertical arrangement of a "garland" and a generator is quite acceptable for self-production. Such a hydroelectric station, according to the author of the development, is the least material-intensive. The supporting structure of the installation, which fixes its position in the river bed, is a hollow steel rod (for example, from pipe sections). Its length is chosen based on the nature of the bottom of the watercourse and the speed of the current. Moreover, such that the sharp end of the rod, driven into the bottom, would guarantee the stability of the mini-hydroelectric power station and its inseparable flow. It is also possible to use additional stretch marks.

Having determined the active surface of the rotor by formula (1) and measuring the depth of the river at the installation site of the mini-hydroelectric power station, it is easy to calculate the diameter of the Savonius rotors used here. To make the design simple and self-starting, it is advisable to make a "hydraulic garland" of two rotors connected so that the blades of the first are shifted by 90 ° relative to the second (along the axis of rotation). Moreover, to increase the efficiency of work, the structure on the side of the oncoming flow is equipped with a shield that plays the role of a guide vane. Well, the working shaft is mounted in plain bearings of the upper and lower supports. In principle, with a short operating time of a mini-hydroelectric power station (for example, on a hiking trip), large-diameter ball bearings can also be used. However, if there is sand or silt in the water, after each use, these units will have to be washed in clean water.

Rice. 4 mini-hydroelectric power plants with a vertical arrangement of end-type rotors:

1 - support rod, 2 - lower bearing assembly, 3 - hydropower garland disk (3 pcs.), 4 - rotor (D600, 2 pcs.), 5 - upper bearing assembly, 6 - working shaft, 7 - transmission, 8 - electric generator, 9 - "gander" with a porcelain roller and a two-core insulated wire, 10 - a generator mounting clamp, 11 - a movable shield-guide; a, b - blades: extensions at the upper end of the support rod are conventionally not shown.

The fastening of the supports to the rod is bolted and welded, depending on the weight of the “hydraulic garland” and the need to disassemble it into parts. The upper end of the working shaft of the hydraulic machine is also the input shaft of the multiplier, which (as the most simple and technological) can be used as a belt.

The electric generator is taken again by a car. It is easy to attach it to the support rod with a clamp. And the wires themselves coming from the generator must have reliable waterproofing. In the illustrations, the exact geometric proportions of the intermediate transmission are not conventionally shown, since they depend on the parameters of the particular generator you have. Well, transmission belts can be made from an old car camera by cutting it into tapes 20 mm wide, followed by twisting into bundles.

For the power supply of small villages, a daisy-chain mini-hydroelectric power station designed by V. Blinov is suitable, which is nothing more than a chain of barrel-shaped Savonius rotors with a diameter of 300-400 mm, fixed on a flexible cable stretched across the river. One end of the cable is attached to a hinged support, and the other through a simple multiplier to the generator shaft. At a flow rate of 1.5-2.0 m/s, the chain of rotors makes up to 90 rpm. And the small size of the elements of the “hydropower garland” makes it possible to operate this micro-hydroelectric power station on rivers with a depth of less than one meter.

It must be said that before 1964 V. Blinov managed to create several portable and stationary mini-hydroelectric power stations of his design, the largest of which was a hydroelectric power station built near the village of Porozhki (Tver region). A pair of garlands here drove two standard autotractor generators with a total power of 3.5 kW.

MK 10 1997 I. Dokunin

Option number 3

Homemade hydroelectric power station (HPP) on a small river without a dam.

It is known that electricity is produced by a generator, the shaft of which rotates the engine. The HPP engine has a simple structure: racks with two crankshafts A and B are fixed on a frame made of logs (see Fig. 3).

Each shaft has three knees, the angles between which are equal to 120°. The crankshafts are connected by rods to which the blades are attached. In Figure 1, you can see that at the moment all the blades of the rod B are at the bottom, they are immersed in water and, under its pressure, move back (to the right). The blades move the rod, and the rod, in turn, turns the crankshafts. As soon as the knees connected by this bar begin to rise upwards, the blades of the bar G are immersed in the water. Now they are already starting to work. Then the blades of bar D will begin to work. By this time, the blades of the first bar B will pass over the surface of the water and again descend into the water. This is how the engine of Login's power plant will work.

If you put a pulley on the end of one of the crankshafts and connect it with a belt drive to the pulley of the DC generator, the generator will begin to generate electricity. And if you attach a connecting rod to the drive pulley and connect it to the pump, the engine will pump water to the school site, to your garden.

Engine power depends not only on the speed of the water flow, but also on the number and area of ​​the blades, that is, on the geometric dimensions of the engine itself. And it can be made of any size, respectively, proportionally increasing or decreasing the size of its parts.

Rice. 1 The main dimensions of the parts of a mini hydroelectric power station without a dam.

We give drawings of an engine that, at a water flow rate of 0.8-1 meter per second, will rotate a generator from a car. The voltage generated by the generator is 12 V, and the power is up to 150 watts.

Fig. 2 The main components of a home-made hydroelectric power station without a dam.

Before you start building a hydro station, in a workshop or in a store that sells spare parts for cars, pick up a generator. Prepare materials: boards, logs of small diameter, steel wire, fasteners. Select the location where the power plant will be located. It is desirable that it be a straight section of the river. Here it is necessary to determine the speed of the current. It is done like this. On the selected section 15-20 meters long, mark two transverse alignments. After that, using a small float, such as wood chips, determine the speed of the water flow. The float should be thrown into the water a little higher than the upper alignment and, following it, count the time the float passed from the upper alignment to the bottom one using a stopwatch. It is necessary to make 10-15 such measurements, throwing the float either further or closer to the shore, and, based on the results of the measurements, calculate the average speed of the river. If it lies within 0.8-1 m / s, feel free to proceed with construction.

Fig.3. Crankshafts of a mini hydroelectric power station without a dam.

How to make the most complex parts of a mini hydroelectric power station without a dam. Crankshaft mini ges without dam.

It can be made from a solid steel bar with a diameter of 16-20 mm. But it is easier to make it prefabricated (Fig. 3). First, cut the blanks of parts 1, 2, 3 and 4 from the rod. Make the cheeks of the knees from a steel strip 5 mm thick. Saw squares at the ends of the rods, and square holes in the cheeks. After connecting the parts, the squares are riveted. First you need to assemble the parts of the crankshaft "a" and "b" (see Fig. 3). Then you need to mark and cut out the squares at the free ends of the rods 2 and 3 so that the middle knee (after assembly) is located at an angle of 120 ° with respect to the extreme ones.

Bars with blades of a mini hydroelectric power station without a dam.

Transmission device of a mini-hydro power plant without a dam.

The crankshaft, and hence the drive pulley, will rotate at a rate of about one revolution every two seconds. The generator can produce electric current at 1000-1500 rpm. To get this number of revolutions on the generator, you need a transmission from pulleys of different diameters (see. Fig.).

Grooved pulleys are made from 5 mm thick plywood. For each pulley, five circles should be cut. They are knocked down with nails or tightened with screws. The drive pulley, which is firmly attached to the end of the crankshaft, must have a diameter of at least 700 mm. Two intermediate ones are nailed to each other and freely put on the axle. They should rotate easily on this axis. If the rotation speed of the drive pulley is 30 rpm, then the diameter of the small intermediate pulley can be taken equal to 140 mm, and the large one - 600 mm. Then the alternator pulley (diameter 60 mm) will rotate at a speed of 1500 rpm. At other speeds of the drive pulley, the diameters of the intermediate pulleys will be different. The labor teacher will help you calculate their sizes.

Drive belts of a mini-hydro power plant without a dam.

The transmission pulleys are connected by drive belts. To ensure that the belts are always well tensioned, make them from a rubber band. Cut the old car camera into long strips. Twist each ribbon into a bundle, glue the ends with rubber glue and tie tightly with twine.

Adjustment of a mini-hydro power plant without a dam.

After assembling the mechanism, check if the rods rotate freely. Turning the drive pulley by hand, notice which of the rods is preventing the rotation of the crankshafts. After that, remove the bar and enlarge one of the holes for the neck of the knee so that it becomes a little oblong.

V. Kivonosov, V. Slashchilina

Option number 4

On most rivers, it is possible to build small, inexpensive, damless hydroelectric power plants (HPPs). The power of such power plants is small, but sufficient to electrify a house and even a small village.

On rivers with a flow rate of 0.8 meters per second or more, a new type of damless hydraulic motor can be installed. The principle of operation of this engine is clear from the attached drawings and diagrams.

Under the pressure of water, the blades move the rods, the movement of which causes the crank to rotate. A pulley sits on its shaft.

The rotation of the pulley is transmitted to the generator. Engine power depends on the speed of the water flow.

In places where the speed of the current is small, it is necessary to narrow the riverbed. The design of a hydraulic motor, for example, 3.5 kilowatts, is so simple that it can be made in any school club or workshop.

M. Login

Mini-HPP - Lenev's damless hydropower unit - at a river flow rate of 1 m / s, a mini-HPP installation with dimensions of 1.5 * 0.7 * 0.6 m produces 11 kW.

Mini-hydroelectric power station - Leneva hydropower unit:

Mini-HPP - hydropower unit Leneva N.I. uses an original, previously not used in any of the existing designs, method of obtaining energy both from a water flow of any kind (rivers, streams, tides, sea waves, etc.), and from the movement of air masses. In this case, a natural flow is used, without prior transformation (building dams, canals, pressure pipes).

This method of taking the power of the water flow is the most beneficial from an environmental point of view, since it does not violate the natural course of the river at all, occupying from 1% to 10% of the area, thereby not preventing the free movement of river fauna and flora, unlike existing hydroelectric power plants. .

At a river flow rate of 1 m/s hydropower unit Leneva N.I. with dimensions of 1.5 * 0.7 * 0.6 m produces 11 kW.

The design of the Leneva hydropower unit:

Mini-hydroelectric power station - hydropower unit Leneva represents a system (two rows) of rectangular blades (a flat plate) whose axes divide them into two (1/2) unequal parts, the largest of which is always (due to the action of the flow) located behind the axis downstream. Thus, its minimum rotation around its axis and, consequently, the smallest turbulent eddies are achieved.

The axes of the blades, with their upper and lower parts, in turn, are fixed on the upper and lower, closed in rings - PRL chains (or on any other flexible element). The chains transmit force through the sprockets (impellers) to two vertical shafts, from which the mechanical energy of the moving medium (water, air, etc., etc.) is transmitted through a flexible coupling and the intermediate shaft to the shafts electric generators. The installation shafts are rigidly fixed on the frame of the hydraulic power unit through plain (rolling) bearings, which have 2/3 closed side and blank bottom walls, which does not prevent the flow of additional water from the surrounding flow through the top and 1/3 of the side walls of the hydropower unit.

In one frame it is rational to place at least three block mini-hydro installations.

The position of the blades in relation to the main flow is regulated by fixed guides for the chain and movable guides for the larger side of the blade, and by changing the distance between the movable guide for the blade and the fixed guide for the chain, we set the required angle of rotation between the blade and the direction of the main flow from 0 0 to 45 0 , thereby achieving the optimal operation of the hydropower unit or stopping it completely. Thus, the flow acts on the blade actually perpendicular, under 90 0 . One of the shafts of the hydraulic power unit has a tensioner that regulates the tension of the chains. The blades must have freedom of rotation on their axes, and the axes must also be free to rotate in attachments to the chains. Between the blade and the point of attachment to the chain, rollers must be installed on the axles, which will roll along fixed guides, thereby keeping the chain constantly in a perpendicular position relative to the direction of the main flow.

The sizes of blocks of mini-hydroelectric power stations are not limited. Determined by the required power and size of the river. As an example, let's take: width - 1200 mm, depth - 700 mm, length - 1250 mm, i.e. volume - 1 m3. It allows you to place in it 3 installations with 17 blades in each, which, in turn, have: a width of 150 mm and a depth of 500 mm, i.e. each with an area of ​​0.075 m2. Since two blades will always be on turns, then the total working area of ​​one hydropower unit is 1.125 m2, the sum of 3 mini-hydroelectric power plants in one frame (1 m3 of flow) will be 3.375 m2!!!

The rotational speed of the shafts is only 30-60 revolutions per minute.

It is this design of the hydropower unit that allows the most complete use of each cubic meter of the flow of the moving medium, the resulting centrifugal and centripetal accelerations, which significantly increase both the speed of the flow and the effect of gravity of the flow of the moving medium divided into sections, in our case, the river.

The material consumption of one kilowatt of a mini-hydroelectric power station, depending on the materials used for manufacturing, will vary from several hundred grams (plastic, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene) up to 2-3 kg (steel) per 1 kW of installed power.

Description of the principle of operation of a mini-hydroelectric power station:

Hydropower unit Leneva N.I. creates a small backwater of 10 centimeters in front of it at a flow rate of 1 m / s, and behind it - a rarefaction and therefore water falling from this backwater affects the blade at a different speed than in the surrounding flow. If there is also a vacuum at the outlet of the mini-hydroelectric power station, the flow under the action of centrifugal force and the gravitational constant increases its speed! This is not difficult to verify in the presented photographs from the outgoing stream and the surf that it creates. The hydropower unit works like a pump.

Advantages of the Leneva hydropower unit:

– increased working area of ​​the hydropower unit. There is not a single blade in the installation of a mini-hydroelectric power station that would not work at any given moment or oppose the work of the others. The blades are located in two rows, each of which is a worker. On a turn - the blades also work,

– the shape of the installation creates a modularity in the design of the hydropower unit, which allows you to build larger hydroelectric power plants from miniblocks for small, medium and large consumers,

– the working blades of the hydraulic power unit are located in relation to the moving flow at an optimal angle of 45 degrees. Thus, a mini-hydroelectric power station not only does not stop the movement of water, taking away all its energy from it, but also provokes the emergence of additional forces that significantly increase the power of the water flow, and, accordingly, our own

Since electricity tariffs have recently begun to rise, renewable sources of electricity are becoming increasingly important among the population, allowing them to receive electricity almost free of charge. Among such sources known to mankind, it is worth highlighting solar panels, wind turbines, as well as home hydroelectric power plants. But the latter are quite complex, because they have to work in very aggressive conditions. Although this does not mean at all that it is impossible to build a mini-hydroelectric power station with your own hands.

To do everything correctly and efficiently, the main thing is to choose the right materials. They should ensure maximum durability of the station. Homemade hydroelectric generators, which have a power comparable to those of solar panels and windmills, can produce much more energy. But although a lot depends on the materials, everything does not end there.

Varieties of mini hydroelectric power plants

There are a large number of different variations of mini-hydroelectric power plants, each of which has its own advantages, features and disadvantages. There are the following types of these devices:

• garland;
• propeller;
• rotor Daria;
• water wheel with blades.

The garland hydroelectric power station consists of a cable on which the rotors are fixed. Such a cable is pulled across the river and immersed in water. The flow of water in the river begins to rotate the rotors, which in turn turn the cable, at one end of which there is a bearing, and at the other - a generator.

The next type is a water wheel with blades. It is installed perpendicular to the water surface, immersing less than half. Since the flow of water acts on the wheel, it rotates, and makes the generator for the mini-hydroelectric power station spin, on which this wheel is fixed.

Classic water wheel - well forgotten old

As for the propeller hydroelectric power station, it is a windmill located under water with a vertical rotor. The width does not exceed 2 centimeters. This width is enough for water, because it is this value that allows you to produce the maximum amount of electricity with minimal resistance. True, this width is optimal only for flow rates up to 2 meters per second.

As for other conditions, the parameters of the rotor blades are calculated separately. And the Darrieus rotor is a vertically positioned rotor, which operates on the principle of differential pressure. Everything happens similarly with the wing of the aircraft, which is affected by the lifting force.

Advantages and disadvantages

If we consider the garland hydroelectric power station, then it has a number of obvious shortcomings. Firstly, the long cable used in the construction is a danger to others. Rotors hidden under water also pose a great danger. Well, in addition, it is worth noting the low efficiency and high material consumption.

As for the disadvantages of the Darier rotor, in order for the device to start generating electricity, it must first be untwisted. True, in this case, power is taken directly above the water, so no matter how the flow of water changes, the generator will generate electricity.

All of the above are factors that make the hydro turbine for mini-hydro power plants and water wheels more popular. If we consider the manual construction of such devices, then they are not so complicated. And in addition, at minimal cost, such mini-hydroelectric power stations are able to produce maximum efficiency indicators. So the criteria for popularity are obvious.

Where to start building

The construction of a mini-hydroelectric power station with your own hands should begin with measuring the speed indicators of the flow of rivers. This is done very simply: just mark a distance of 10 meters upstream, pick up a stopwatch, throw a chip into the water, and note the time it takes for it to cover the measured distance.

Ultimately, if 10 meters is divided by the number of seconds elapsed, you get the speed of the river in meters per second. It should be borne in mind that there is no point in building mini-hydroelectric power stations in places where the flow velocity does not exceed 1 m / s.

If the reservoir is far away, you can build a bypass channel

If you need to figure out how mini-hydroelectric power stations are made in an area where the river speed is low, then you can try to increase the flow by organizing a height difference. This can be done by installing a drain pipe into the pond. In this case, the diameter of the pipe will directly affect the rate of water flow. The smaller the diameter, the faster the flow.

This approach allows you to organize a mini-hydroelectric power station even if a small stream passes near the house. That is, a collapsible dam is organized on it, below which a mini-hydroelectric power station is directly installed to power the house and household appliances.