Today's market is filled with proposals for an economical product with a water circuit for space heating. According to manufacturers, it is capable of minimum costs fuel to keep your home warm for as long as possible. Such equipment is very convenient to use in places where it is not possible to use alternative view heating (for example, heating with natural gas).

However, the cost of this product is not always cheap, so profitable option will take the drawing solid fuel boiler and assemble it yourself.

Understanding the design

A huge range of materials and availability of information will allow you to not experience any difficulties in making a boiler.

But anyone homemade unit, including a solid fuel boiler, requires knowledge of the intricacies of the design and production process for assembly.

What you need to have

To complete the work you will need:

• sketch;
• welding skills;
• ability to use a gas cutter;
• designer skills in order to correctly mark and cut the material;
• mason skills;
• running on solid fuel will require the ability to use electric tools: for example, carving with a grinder or electric metal shears.

Collection of material

In order to get started, you need to stock up on material. You will definitely need:

• fire brick, construction sand(clay);
• rectangular and round pipes, sheet metal;
• grate;
• doors for the combustion and ash openings;
• cast iron stove for cooking;
• water heater and pump for water circulation;
• gravel or crushed stone, water.

Tools

The production process cannot be completed without a grinder (electric metal shears) and a welding machine. You will also need a cutting torch, which requires an oxygen cylinder and a propane cylinder to operate.

It is also worth stocking up on a metal marker, a level, a meter ruler, a spatula, tongs, pliers, electric drill with a set of drills. For safety reasons, it is necessary to prepare means personal protection- masks and glasses. You can start working.

Design Features

Conventional equipment of this type consists of a heat exchanger, a loading hopper, a chimney, a control unit, a nozzle, a hot gas exhaust chamber and a combustion chamber.

A homemade boiler operating on solid fuel, depending on the position of the heat exchanger, can be horizontal or vertical type.

In horizontal type equipment it is mounted in a brick casing. While in vertical type equipment the heat exchanger is installed on a durable concrete foundation.

A brick ash chamber is built on the foundation. A grate is mounted above the chamber.

Principle of operation

The operating principle of this equipment is based on heating the water in the system using heat from fuel combustion. The work process is presented in detail in the following stages:

• Fuel is loaded into the combustion chamber. By the way, it can be used in the form of peat briquettes, coal, firewood, pellets, sawdust, etc.;
• heated air rises up and is discharged through the chimney;
• in the process of movement, this air heats the heat exchanger, and it heats the water;
• heated water displaces cold water from the system - circulation occurs and cooled water returns to the heat exchanger area.

The volume of the combustion chamber must correspond to the rated power of the equipment or the maximum heated area. This is a direct relationship.

In practice, you still have to take into account seasonality and consumption peaks hot water, functional complexity of the heating or hot water supply system. The hot gas exhaust chamber acts as an outlet manifold, which removes combustion products through the chimney.

Increased efficiency

To increase the efficiency of the unit, it is necessary to take into account the features of the heat exchanger, as well as the completeness and period of fuel combustion. The larger the thermal contact area, the more heat will be transferred to water from the burning fuel. The efficiency of fuel combustion determines the process of heating water to desired temperature. Therefore, the design calculations must be taken with full responsibility - it must be safe and reliable.

These properties of the equipment directly depend on the quality of the housing: it must be made of heat-resistant steel with a thickness of at least 5 mm. If a cast iron sheet is used for the body, its thickness can be more than 8 mm. For internal system It is recommended to use pipes with a diameter of up to 50 mm with a wall thickness of 3 to 4 mm.

When designing, it is necessary to consider the narrowing of the water supply from the direction of movement of hot water towards cold and its expansion in the opposite direction. To do this, you will have to use pipes of a smaller diameter, for example, 25 mm.

From theory to practice

More often, those who want to make equipment with their own hands opt for a vertical solid fuel boiler. The manufacturing process will be considered using the example of a solid fuel boiler for heating a house with an area of ​​100 m2. This system consists of seven radiators and a plumbing system.

Stages

So, let's make a heat exchanger:

1. We manufacture vertical bases for the heat exchanger. To do this, we take four profile pipes, each 30 cm long, which will be located on the side of the combustion chamber;
2. We make four holes in them with a diameter of 5 cm using a cutting torch. We remove the irregularities in the corner grinder(Bulgarian). There should be eight holes;
3. in the pipes that will be located at the back of the equipment, we make four holes with a diameter of 40 mm and four with a diameter of 50 mm. All of them should be located on the side connected to the front pillars. The result should be eight holes;
4. in a profile pipe 500 mm long, we cut out a hole for attaching a pipe through which waste water will be discharged;
5. We make a hole in the upper part of the rear pillar to supply water to the system.

Assembly

Then we proceed to assembling the heat exchanger. Vertical bases are connected profile pipe. To do this, we place it on bases installed perpendicular to the surface. We weld the joints. This whole structure with reverse side We connect it with a profile pipe with holes for water drainage. As a result, we get the front wall of the heat exchanger.

Next, we install the vertical bases perpendicularly and weld them with four pipes round section. This turns out to be the rear wall of the heat exchanger. Front and back wall connect with each other. To do this, you need to bring the longitudinal pipes to the holes and weld them, and then weld the pipes for supplying and discharging water to the structure. We weld the joints using pieces of metal and check the strength of the heat generator.

After checking the strength of the weld, close the water drainage pipe with a plug, and pour water into the inlet hole. We check the tightness of welding joints for visible leaks.

Frame

Making the case will also require effort. To do this, we cut out eight walls from sheets of heat-resistant steel - 2 front, 2 rear and 4 side. The area of ​​each of them should be 850 x 300 mm. We take all measurements using a meter ruler and cut the material with a grinder. Then we cut out two plates measuring 450 x 450 mm: one for the bottom, the other for the top plate of the boiler.

We make two holes for the doors in the front wall: the first - at the level of the grate for igniting the fuel and cleaning the combustion chamber, and the second - a little higher level for loading fuel. In our work we use a drill and a grinder. From the sheet we cut stiffening ribs 80 cm long.

Boiler installation

After the heat exchanger has been manufactured and parts for the housing have been prepared, you can proceed directly to the installation of the equipment itself. It is best to do this in the place where the homemade boiler will stand on solid fuel. The structure will be very heavy and unliftable.

What you will need to do:

1. lay out a brick foundation, on which we then install a bottom plate made of steel sheet;
2. We install the inner walls of the heat generator vertically along the perimeter of the bottom plate;
3. Inside this housing we place the grate bars and the heat exchanger itself. Here it is necessary to take into account that the pipe for draining water must be lower than the pipe for its supply;
4. install external walls;
5. between the internal and external walls we place a layer of washed and calcined sand to increase efficiency;
6. weld the stiffeners with outside boiler, and on top part we attach the remaining sheet to the body;
7. We install the doors in the holes and install the chimney.

You can install a cast iron stove on the surface of the structure and be able to cook food. Or use a home-made water heater instead. As a result of all measures, you will get an economical and reliable homemade solid fuel boiler.

A solid fuel boiler is an expensive unit, and many home craftsmen want to make it themselves, reducing costs family budget for heating and system maintenance. Schematic diagram of a solid fuel boiler long burning is quite complex, but with appropriate theoretical and practical preparation, this can be done heating device everyone can do it, and in some respects it can surpass industrial models of solid fuel boilers.

Types of pyrolysis boilers

The first step when assembling a long-burning boiler with your own hands is to choose the type of unit, which will depend on the training of the master, the use of professional and special devices and materials. It is not difficult to find a drawing of a long-burning solid fuel boiler, and you can take the following diagram as a basis:

This is the simplest but most reliable boiler circuit that uses the pyrolysis effect. What designs of pyrolysis combustion heating boilers still exist, and how do they differ from each other? The main difference is how the direction of combustion will be designed. solid fuel:

1. Bottom-burning apparatus - the fuel must be ignited from below. This traditional scheme operation of most pyrolysis devices. Such units are divided into two subtypes:
   • Co standard scheme combustion, in which coal, peat or sawdust ignite and burn in one combustion chamber, which works simultaneously as both a loading (stuffing) chamber and a firebox. Exhaust gases and smoke are discharged through a chimney in the upper compartment of the firebox;
   • A shaft-type boiler—a shaft for storing fuel—performs only its functions. The fuel ignites from below, the fire and hot combustion products move through a heat exchanger located in the adjacent chamber;
2. Appliances with top combustion of fuel work the other way around - flammable material it is ignited from above, and a long combustion process takes place, directed from top to bottom under the influence of forced pressurization.

Based on the type of fuel combustion, the units are divided into:

1. Boilers with standard type burning;
2. Units with gas generator or pyrolysis combustion - fuel burns at high temperatures in the chamber and with a lack of oxygen. This releases wood gas, called pyrolysis gas, which also burns during its removal from the boiler.

Also, solid fuel boilers may have various schemes and heat exchanger designs. The heat exchanger itself can be made in the form of a coil encircling the fuel chamber and pipes, or in the form of a solid metal jacket that covers the firebox on all sides.

Solid fuel boiler - how to make it yourself

Solid fuel gas generators are considered the most efficient in terms of efficiency (≥ 90%), simple to manufacture and reliable in operation. Such a heating device operates on the principle of “slow” burning of fuel when there is a lack of oxygen in the firebox. Due to the lack of oxygen in the chamber, a large volume of flammable gases is formed, the combustion of which occurs in the next chamber. It is noteworthy that combustible materials are cheap and accessible firewood, peat or straw in briquettes (pellets), oil mill waste (sunflower husks), coal, shavings or sawdust, and household waste.

An industrial pyrolysis boiler is expensive (at least $600-700), although many people like it for its characteristics. For this reason, assembling an upper combustion boiler at home is a popular problem that solves economic family issues.

The complexities of assembly do not deter craftsmen - you need to be able to handle electric welding, read drawings and diagrams. Heating equipment with a lower chamber is more expensive and more difficult to make, so for self-assembly For the boiler, a pyrolysis combustion scheme is recommended, the chamber for which is mounted in the upper part of the body.

Design and manufacture of a top combustion boiler

1. To make the boiler body, you need to prepare two metal molds With different sizes which are connected by welding to each other. The easiest way to find cylindrical housings, for example, from gas, oxygen or other cylinders. Balloon bigger size will serve as the outer casing, the smaller cylinder will serve as the combustion chamber of the boiler;
2. The distance between the cylinders will act like a shirt - the coolant will pass through it;
3. The smaller cylinder is divided by a steel partition into two compartments - one part works as a firebox and air distributor, in the other compartment the gas released during the pyrolysis reaction is burned;
4. The distributor is made in the form telescopic design, at one end of which a plane with petals is attached by welding, evenly distributing the burning emissions;
5. Air enters the combustion zone from the reverse end to maintain constant combustion of the fuel;
6. As it burns, the volume of the fill decreases, and the distributor moves lower, redistributing the air supply;
7. To control combustion, special devices powered by electricity are installed;

To make pyrolysis boilers by a craftsman you will need simple tools, inexpensive materials and clear diagrams:

1. You need to develop your own drawing or make a long-burning solid fuel boiler with your own hands, drawings for which can be found in the public domain. As a last resort, you can work with general or circuit diagram, which will indicate the main dimensions of the structure;
2. Apparatus direct current for metal welding, electrodes 3 and 4 mm;
3. Grinder and metal discs (grinding and cutting);
4. Metal cylinder ( steel pipe or cylinder) L = 1.3 m, Ø = 0.5 m, H = 3 mm (L – length of the cylinder, Ø – diameter of the cylinder, H – thickness of the cylinder stack);
5. Metal cylinder (steel pipe or cylinder) L = 1.5 m, Ø = 0.45 m, H = 3 mm (L – length of the cylinder, Ø – diameter of the cylinder, H – thickness of the cylinder stack). If there are no cylinders or suitable pipes, you can make cases from steel sheets measuring 1250 x 2500 x 2.5 mm, roll them at the factory and weld them into round cases;
6. Steel pipe Ø 60 mm, product length – 1.2 m;
7. Two narrow iron cylinders Ø 0.5 m, 25 mm wide. Such elements can be formed from sheet iron and welded;
8. Steel sheet for the door of the loading and ash chambers;
9. Canopies, handles for opening doors, air valves;
10. Trimmings metal corner for body legs and for the manufacture of blades;
11. Asbestos cord or asbestos sheet for thermal insulation of the firebox and ash door;

How to make a boiler body from pipes

• Steel pipes of 0.5 and 0.45 m are inserted into each other and connected by a metal ring made from a 25 mm wide plate;
• A blank Ø 0.45 m is cut from sheet iron, one end of the pipes is welded to obtain a cylinder with a thermal contour 25 mm wide;
• A rectangular hole measuring 150-100 mm is cut out at the end of the cylinder for the ash chamber door. Then the hatch is welded, the door itself is mounted on hinges and equipped with an air valve;
• A rectangle is cut out higher up the body for storing fuel. The dimensions of the combustion door are calculated based on the size of the fuel. The hatch is welded and the door is attached to the hinges, which is also equipped with a latch. It is recommended to make doors with double walls and asbestos gaskets to reduce heat losses;

• A piece of pipe is welded into the top of the body to release fuel combustion products;
• According to the size of the jacket, pieces of pipes Ø 1 inch or ¾ inch are welded at the top and bottom, through which the heating of the house will be connected. The pipes are threaded;

It remains to check all the seams by crimping with water under pressure ≥ 2 kg/cm 2.

How to make an air distributor

1. It is necessary to cut a workpiece from sheet iron that is two to three centimeters smaller than the Ø of the inside of the boiler. In the center of this workpiece, you need to cut out a hole Ø 60 mm by welding (the same as the diameter of the distributor pipe);
2. After making the boiler distributor, you need to secure it. To do this, a steel circle Ø 500 mm is cut out, and a hole Ø 60 mm is cut in the center. The distributor is installed in the unit, the upper part of the distributor must be threaded into this hole, after which the boiler lid can be hermetically welded. To raise and lower the distributor, a steel cable is attached to the loop;
3. Sections of a corner or channel are welded onto the circle from below, which will act as blades. They can be bent, as in the photo, but can be left straight;
4. At the opposite end, an iron loop is welded to lift the distributor, and a damper is installed, which is designed to regulate the air stream in the fuel combustion zone.

Do-it-yourself long-burning pyrolysis boilers, drawings of which can be found in the public domain in a wide variety, may have a lower chamber, but such designs are much more difficult to make with your own hands. Such units are structurally made with a smoke exhauster or with forced pressurization.

In this design, air is forced into the chamber intended for combustion of fuel. This boost creates high pressure, due to which almost complete combustion occurs. The fan can be mounted either directly on the firebox door, or on the side, connected to the chamber with a metal sleeve.

Advantages of bottom-burning boilers:

1. The boost fan can be absolutely anything;
2. It is possible to combine the combustion chamber with the afterburning chamber, since the implementation of pressurization provides the required volume of air, and it can be regulated by the power of the fan.

But this advantage also has negative sides:

1. Due to the high speed of the air stream, not all the air is directed to the center of the combustion center, and the fuel will not burn completely;
2. Also, due to high air speed, a small percentage of pyrolysis gases do not burn, entering the chimney at original form Therefore, it is impossible to obtain an efficiency of more than 80-90% with such an organization of the combustion process.
3. If the boost is too strong, the boiler can simply explode, so it is necessary to carefully calculate the speed of the pressurization and the amount of pressure created.

For comfortable living in domestic climatic conditions it is necessary efficient system heating. If you correctly use the drawings of long-burning solid fuel boilers, you can make a reliable and economical design with your own hands. To obtain a good final result, a preliminary study of engineering solutions and technologies in the relevant field is necessary.

Factory-made boiler design

There is no exact definition for this concept. The corresponding equipment appeared as a response to consumer demands to increase the level of comfort during operation and increase heat production per unit of energy resources used.

The main disadvantage of classic boilers is the need to regularly add fuel to the firebox. The following factors also create difficulties:

To maintain the operation of a conventional boiler, it is better to have a sufficient supply of firewood nearby

Various designs

To solve the problems noted above, use various solutions. In order not to frequently add new portions of fuel, the size of the firebox is increased. Placing a pressure device on top and dosed air supply help to make the combustion process uniform.

It will be easier to create drawings of long-burning solid fuel boilers with your own hands after a detailed study of the standard design:

• In the initial position clamping device(10) is in the up position.
• A large batch of firewood is loaded into the firebox through the door (6).
• After ignition, a combustion process controlled by a mechanical drive (16) occurs.
• Fresh air is supplied by a supercharger through a telescopic rod that is hollow inside. It is distributed evenly through the pressure disc (10).
• The supply of oxygen from above ensures gradual combustion of the fuel in layers.
• After the cycle is completed, the ash is removed through the lower door (13).
• To lift the disk (10) to the upper position, use a winch (2) with an electric drive.

The disadvantage of this design is the impossibility of arbitrarily placing firewood into the firebox. A significant advantage is the increased duration of one working cycle to 24 hours or more.

In the following design, fuel can be added as needed. Pyrolysis technology is used here. It is characterized by a dosed supply of oxygen and low combustion intensity. Smoldering firewood releases flammable gas. It burns in an additional chamber.

This installation makes full use of fuel. Combustion products contain a minimal amount of soot. Optimal adjustment of work processes is difficult.

Gas and diesel units do not have the mentioned disadvantages due to the ease of dosing the corresponding types of fuel. A similar result can be obtained if you use specially compressed granules from wood waste, seed husks, and other combustible raw materials.

In this option, granules (pellets) are poured into a hopper, from where they are fed by a screw mechanism into the firebox. It is clear that this design allows, if necessary, to quickly increase and decrease the fuel supply. Flexible changes in boiler performance are useful for optimizing operation when the external temperature changes or additional consumers are connected. It is not too difficult to work with granules during transportation and storage.

They increase the efficiency of boilers using complex structures of output units. In such structures the temperature rises. The hollow walls of the housing perform similar functions.

Related article:

The need to frequently add firewood is very inconvenient. However, there are boilers that require attention once a day. More details in a separate publication.

Before looking for the appropriate documentation, it is necessary to more precisely determine the design. The first design of a long-burning solid fuel boiler is preferable; it will be easier to create it yourself.

With a height of just over 1.5 meters and a width of about 40 cm, it will not be difficult to find a suitable place for installation. But we must take into account the need to create technological passages for service. Will need free space on top for mounting a winch and other equipment.

To implement private projects, it is not necessary to comply with GOSTs. But the more detailed the drawing of a long-burning solid fuel boiler with your own hands is, the easier it will be to eliminate errors in the early stages.

Note! Do not forget that the set of drawings with dimensions must be supplemented with a list of products that will need to be purchased separately. Include factory-made components, tools, consumables and materials, construction gloves and other personal protective equipment.

Manufacturing a long-burning solid fuel boiler: reviews and algorithm of actions

Before you start, study the opinions and advice of real users. As their reviews indicate, equipment of this type is correct execution technology, it is quite possible to make it yourself.

To create a design without unnecessary difficulties will come in handy finished goods with the required parameters. Will do metal pipe with a diameter of 350 mm, a height of 1.5 meters, with a wall thickness of at least 3 mm. Of course, some other dimensions will have to be adjusted accordingly.

A bottom cut from sheet steel is welded to it. Don't forget the legs. They must withstand the weight of a heavy structure without damage. For some inlet and outlet openings, pipe sections with suitable dimensions are suitable. Strengthening and attachment points attachments created from channel sections.

The finished structure is cleaned. To protect against corrosion and have good aesthetic characteristics, it is covered with layers of metal primer and paint. They use types of coatings that are resistant to high temperatures. After installing the winch and other additional devices, check the functionality of all mechanisms and drives. The boiler is connected to the air supply, water supply and heating systems, chimney, electrical network 220 V. Perform a test run and eliminate identified deficiencies

Note! Do you know how to make a long-burning solid fuel boiler yourself, but doubt the accuracy of individual operations? In this case, creating welding seams and other complex actions must be studied in advance. This equipment must be reliable during operation, so it is better to eliminate unnecessary risks.

DIY long-burning solid fuel boiler: video instructions and conclusions

To make some complex structures You will need to first equip your own workshop. You will have to master working with welding equipment, purchase specialized tools and devices. If it is not useful in the future, then the corresponding costs will have to be taken into account when calculating the total cost.

The materials in this article, information from drawings and videos will help you create the right long-burning boiler with your own hands. But for a correct assessment, you need to check how much it will cost to complete the relevant order with the help of professionals.

Making a long-burning boiler with your own hands (video)

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Coaxial chimney for gas boiler: installation nuances and design features

In an effort to save on heating, many home “do-it-yourselfers” make various devices. A DIY boiler, which can often be seen in a private home, is one such useful device.

There are various varieties of it. If you have the skills to work with welding machine and metal, you can significantly save on heating installations.

Varieties

Before directly manufacturing a boiler for heating a house, you need to decide on its configuration and type. Depending on the type of coolant heating, boilers are:

• Gas;
• Wood-burning;
• Coal;
• Electrical;
• Pyrolysis;
• Oily;
• Pellet

As for the configuration, it can be anything:

• Round;
• Rectangular;
• Trapezoidal;
• Conical

How to make a boiler correctly

During the design process, it is necessary to take into account some design features and the principle of its operation. In particular, you need to decide on the purpose of the boiler and what type it will be. The easiest way is to make a solid fuel boiler with your own hands.

Much more difficult, almost impossible, is gas, since it is subject to increased safety requirements. You need to get permission to use it and check it. And - if all the characteristics of the device do not meet the required ones, then the relevant authorities will simply prohibit such a boiler from use.

The efficiency of the boiler is influenced by both the design (coolant capacity) and the rate of fuel combustion, constant influx fresh air(oxygen). It should be taken into account that the fuel burns completely and there is a possible outflow of gas, which carries a lot of heat, which must be prevented.

Some features

The boiler configuration, its characteristics, drawings will depend on many factors:

• Material. Regular steel (sheet) will do, but heat-resistant stainless steel or cast iron is best.
• Possibility of good processing of steel, reliable connection of structural parts. Usually, a grinder, a gas cutter and electric welding are used for this.
• Type and characteristics of fuel (liquid or solid). Steel must withstand high temperatures, do not deform, do not melt under their influence. Withstand internal pressure of vapors and gases without ruptures or cracks.
• Correct calculation of the coolant circulation method. Will it be natural (due to correct manipulation of pipe diameters, their slope, tank height, etc.) or forced (using a pump in the circuit).
• Taking into account vapor pressure, using valves to discharge excess gases and condensate (installation of return lines).

It is important in the process of designing a boiler and including it in the heating circuit to carefully think through everything. What and how will work after assembly.

Making a heating boiler with your own hands is not that difficult. All problems usually begin later, when something is not taken into account or done clumsily.

Wood-burning water boiler step by step

To make it we will need:

• Protective gloves;
• Workwear;
• Welding mask;
• Electrodes;
• Welding machine;
• Drill;
• Metal drills;
• Roulette;
• Material for making a boiler (2 barrels or - a metal sheet(thickness – at least 5 mm), doors, dampers, grilles, corners)

The only significant drawback of a wood-burning boiler is low efficiency. But ease of manufacture and maintenance are its significant advantages, making it the most popular.

Manufacturing instructions

When you have everything you need (material and tools), all that remains is to assemble the boiler in the following sequence:

• We take 2 barrels of different diameters, wall thickness of at least 4 mm;
• Use a grinder to cut out holes for the ash pan and water container;
• We install one cylinder of smaller diameter inside the other;
• We weld the lid over them, the ash pan, and the firebox;
• Close the door;
• We weld water pipes, pipe for check valve(pressure release);
• We install a grate inside the oven;
• We make a hole for the chimney;
• Install the pipe;
• We check the tightness.

When there are no leaks in the boiler, it is connected to the heating system and water supply network.

If used oil or antifreeze is used as a coolant, they will be filled in manually. Connections to the water supply system and welding of pipes are not required for this.

After installing the boiler into the heating system with your own hands, you need to check that it is working correctly. A properly assembled device will heat the coolant (water or oil) during the combustion process. If he does this poorly, then you should check for air jams in the heating network, reduce the vapor pressure by releasing them.

In any case, you need to understand the operating principle of this type of boiler so that there are no excesses or problems during its operation.

Photos of do-it-yourself boilers

Sometimes it is advisable to make a long-burning solid fuel boiler with your own hands: drawings and diagrams are freely available. The ability to handle tools and skillful hands provide a good service in construction own home or dachas. There is always a need to build some kind of structure yourself. After all, this significantly reduces the cost of any undertaking. No exception heating units. In the old days, people hired a stove-maker to lay brick kilns. Today, long-burning solid fuel boilers have become the most popular.

The principle of operation of solid fuel boilers and their design

Solid organic fuel is the most ancient source of energy for humanity. Abandon it completely, even modern world, impossible. Moreover, in addition to firewood and coal Many other types of flammable solids have emerged today:

• peat briquettes – dried and compressed peat releases a lot of heat when burned;
• briquettes from wood processing waste - compressed sawdust, shavings and tree bark;
• birch charcoal - the same as for barbecue;
• recycled waste from landfills;
• fuel heating pellets are fine fuel obtained by pressing sawdust. Can be fed automatically;
• ordinary dry sawdust.

It is clear that all this fuel is obtained by processing various wastes, which solves the problem of recycling at enterprises and goes in line with the “green” economy.

As a result of human activity, a colossal amount of waste is generated that can be converted into high-energy fuel, which led to the appearance of long-burning solid fuel heating boilers on the market. Unlike conventional stoves, these units do not operate on the combustion of the fuel itself, but on its splitting as a result of heating. In the working chamber of such boilers, gaseous decomposition products of solid fuel burn. This operating scheme is several times more efficient than conventional combustion of fossil fuels. Pyrolysis gas, gives off a large number of energy.

The design of such a gas generator installation is not very complicated. You can even build a long-burning solid fuel boiler with your own hands. The drawing of the simplest version looks like this:

• a closed cylindrical tank, which has a hatch for storing fuel, an ash pan and a hole for installing a chimney;
• An air distributor is located inside the tank, which creates a vortex of pyrolysis gas. It is attached to a movable telescopic tube. This whole piston-like structure presses on the fuel from above. Gas combustion occurs above the piston, and the fuel smolders below it;
• The heat exchanger is built into the upper chamber, where the maximum temperature is reached.

Slow smoldering of solid fuel occurs in the lower chamber. This is achieved by adjusting the air supply to the blower. The released gas burns intensely in the upper chamber and heats the coolant.

Long-burning solid fuel boilers can be indispensable in private homes, utility buildings, garages and greenhouses. They will be especially beneficial where there is a large wood processing industry, since waste at such enterprises is given away almost free of charge. These units are also needed in areas where there are regular interruptions in gas supply. Such installations have many advantages, but there is also one important drawback - very high cost. That is why today it is important to make long-burning solid fuel boilers with your own hands. Drawings for this can be used of varying degrees of complexity. It depends on the skill level.

How to make a long-burning solid fuel boiler with your own hands: drawings and diagrams

Before you start making a boiler, you need to decide on its design. Its choice depends on the purpose of the unit. If it is intended for heating a small utility room, garage or country house, then it is not necessary to make a water circuit in it. Heating of such a room will occur directly from the surface of the boiler, through convection of air masses in the room, like from a furnace. For greater efficiency, you can arrange for forced airflow of the unit using a fan. If there is a liquid heating system in the room, it is necessary to provide a circuit device in the boiler in the form of a pipe coil or other similar structure.

The choice of option also depends on the type of solid fuel that will need to be used. For heating regular firewood an increased volume of the furnace is required, and for the use of small fuel pellets you can arrange a special container from which granulated fuel is supplied to the boiler automatically. To make a long-burning solid fuel boiler with your own hands, you can take a universal drawing. It is suitable for any type of solid fuel used.

We will tell you step by step how and from what parts you can make a long-burning solid fuel heating boiler according to the proposed scheme:

• We will prepare the place where the future unit will be installed. The base on which it will stand must be level, strong, rigid and fire-resistant. A concrete foundation or a thick cast iron or steel slab is best suited for this. The walls also need to be covered with fire-resistant material if they are wooden;
• we collect all required material and tools: of which we need an electric arc welding machine, a grinder and a tape measure. Made of materials: 4 mm sheet steel; 300 - mm steel pipe with 3 mm walls, as well as other pipes of 60 and 100 mm in diameter;

• in order to make a long-burning solid fuel boiler, you need to cut a piece 1 m long from a large 300 mm pipe. You can do it a little less, if necessary;
• We cut out the bottom from a steel sheet according to the diameter of the pipe and weld it, equipping it with channel legs up to 10 cm long;
• The air distributor is made in the form of a circle made of a sheet of steel with a diameter 20 mm smaller than the pipe. An impeller from a corner with a flange size of 50 mm is welded into the lower part of the circle. For this, you can use a channel of a similar size;
• We weld a 60 mm pipe into the middle of the distributor from above, which should be higher than the boiler. In the middle of the distributor disk we cut a hole along the pipe so that there is a through tunnel. It is needed for air supply. A damper is embedded in the upper part of the pipe, which will allow you to adjust the air supply;

• in the very bottom part of the boiler we make a small door, equipped with a valve and hinges, leading to the ash pan for easy removal of ash. We cut a hole in the top of the boiler for the chimney and weld a 100 mm pipe into this place. At first she goes under small angle sideways and up 40 cm, and then strictly vertically up. The passage of the chimney through the ceiling of the room must be protected according to fire safety rules;
• We are completing the construction of a long-burning solid fuel heating boiler by manufacturing top cover. There should be a hole in its center for the air flow distributor pipe. The fit to the walls of the boiler must be very tight, preventing air from entering.

How I made a long-burning solid fuel boiler: reviews and recommendations

“I work at a sawmill. I used to carry branches and cuttings home in carts. I found out about a long-burning solid fuel boiler, read the reviews and decided to make one. Happened. Now the wood consumed is three times less, and the same amount of heat.”

Alexander Nikolaev, Syktyvkar

“I saw a miracle boiler in a friend’s garage. He and I were repairing the car in the morning. He put the wood in it and didn’t touch it again until evening. I couldn’t understand anything until he explained the whole scheme to me. So, I also got the idea to put it in my garage. A friend said he would give me the drawings.”

Nikolay Platonov, Surgut

“If you decide to make, for example, a long-burning solid fuel boiler at your dacha, reviews of which you found on the Internet, then do everything exactly according to the plan in compliance with all safety rules. And then, my neighbor burned down my dacha when he installed the boiler full of holes.”

Andrey Shirshov, Tyumen

The heating device described above will serve you faithfully, allowing you to save on energy. However, do not forget to do everything efficiently, without deviating from the scheme.