To ensure the movement of the prepared concrete solution to the place of its use, a concrete pump is used. Its main function, therefore, is to simply pump or, in other words, transport concrete during the construction of projects, both residential and industrial purposes. With the help of concrete pumps, the work associated with pouring concrete mixture during the construction of large concrete and reinforced concrete structures of modern infrastructure is facilitated and accelerated.

Concrete pumps usually include:

A) output part;

B) loading hopper;

B) main engine;

D) electrical panel;

D) stirrer;

E) oil tank;

G) cooling system;

H) water pump;

I) hydraulic system;

K) pumping valve;

L) nitrogen cylinder;

M) tool storage box;

N) pressure gauge;

O) oil filter;

P) lubrication system;

T) wheels;

F) electrical panel;

X) nameplate;

C) tow hitch.

The concrete pump engine can be either electric or diesel. Since the concrete mixture pumping scheme is an open circuit, it is easy to regulate. And the presence of a continuously variable hydraulic adjustment system and the ability to change the amount of fuel supplied ensures better operation of the unit.

The main components of a concrete pump are a water pump, as well as two hydraulic cylinders to which pistons are connected, moving back and forth in opposite directions.

The outlet openings are connected to the loading sector designed to receive concrete mixture. Since the transport cylinders are connected to hydraulic cylinders, the concrete mixture is quickly sucked in and pumped out.

The concrete mixture with which the concrete pump operates must undergo a preliminary laboratory study so that the composition of the concrete can be determined, ensuring its easy and fast pumping.

Areas of application for concrete pumps

1. During the construction of railway facilities and water structures, the use of concrete pumps significantly speeds up the work.
2. During the construction of overpasses and bridges using this device, thanks to the fast delivery concrete mortar to the place of installation, its premature thickening does not occur.
3. In the process of constructing tunnels and port connections, the use of concrete pumps is practically the only way to supply concrete solution in the required volume to the facility under construction.
4. The organization of any construction that uses large volumes of concrete is unthinkable without the use of a concrete pump, which significantly reduces the time for transporting the concrete mixture, as well as physical and financial resources associated with this technological operation.

Advantages of using concrete pumps

1. Smooth and continuous flow of concrete mixture without leakage during transportation.
2. The use of a concrete pump speeds up the construction of any concrete structures, while simultaneously providing savings in both finances and time.
3. Concrete mixture can be supplied by such equipment not only horizontally, but also at an angle to the horizontal, and even vertically.
4. Concrete pumps are fairly wear-resistant and easy to maintain devices.
5. The presence of wheels on this equipment allows it to be moved over short distances without involving large quantity workers.
6. The concrete pump can be controlled by just one person, and some models of these devices have remote control.
7. The greatest distance over which the concrete mixture can be supplied is 300 m, and the maximum delivery height is 80 m.
8. Concrete pumps are high-performance units that carry out the work of delivering concrete solution tens of times faster than a person.

Classification of concrete pumps

Depending on the method of transportation, concrete pumps can be:

A) stationary;

B) automobile;

B) mobile;

D) mini concrete pumps.

Such construction equipment is a trailer with a pumping station installed on it, which is transported by a tractor. Have you decided on this type of concrete pump? We recommend renting! Read more about renting a stationary concrete pump at https://beton-monolit.ru/arenda-betononasosa/. For any period of time and throughout the Moscow region.

Advantages:

A stationary concrete pump can pump a very large amount of solution;

It is possible to supply this solution both vertically upward and horizontally;

Low cost;

Availability of a highway.

Application area:

Construction of multi-storey buildings, buildings;

Construction of high-rise buildings.

Flaws:

There is no possibility of quickly transporting such a concrete pump;

A manipulator is required;

Poor maneuverability.

Due to the high mobility of such equipment, it is often used to transport concrete solution to remote construction sites. It is an ordinary car with a securely fixed pumping station on its platform, to which concrete pipes are connected. The main components of this construction equipment- a bunker for receiving concrete, as well as a boom.

Structurally, the boom is made in the form steel pipe, having several movable elements called knees. The length to which the boom of such a concrete pump can extend is usually in the range of 20...60 meters. The end part of the boom is connected to a flexible sleeve, which ensures that the concrete is directed to a given location. Before starting any automobile concrete pump, a certain amount of cement laitance or a special chemical solution must be poured into it.

When operating such a device, two people are involved: one operates the boom and the unit as a whole, while the second directly performs concrete construction work.

Advantages:

High productivity (usually exceeding 90 cubic meters at one o'clock);

There is no need to allocate a separate vehicle to move such a concrete pump;

High maneuverability.

Flaws:

Significant cost;

Compared to the previously described type of concrete pump, the length is shorter, as well as the height of the mortar supply.

Mobile concrete pumps

To move such units, allocation is required additional equipment. They are concrete pumps mounted on a chassis that facilitates the transportation of these devices.

Mini concrete pumps

They are used in cases where to perform some construction work a relatively small amount of concrete solution is required. This device is used both in large-scale construction and in the construction of medium and small objects.

Due to the rather small size of such concrete pumps, they are easy to move within a small construction site, quickly ensuring the delivery of concrete solution to where it is urgently needed.

Basic specifications:

A) maximum feed length - 150 meters;

B) the maximum lifting height of the solution is 50 meters;

B) devices can be equipped with either electric motors or diesel engines;

D) autonomy of movement is ensured.

The need to maintain high rates of construction has become the main driver for the active mechanization of all possible technological processes. The use of construction equipment that minimizes the need for worker participation is the basis for successful and efficient modern construction. One of the effective tools for speeding up production process became a concrete pump.

In most cases, stationary units are used, which have proven themselves to be highly efficient and reliable special equipment. High-rise buildings, bridges, tunnels can be built with its help in a relatively short time: the solution can be supplied at a speed in the range of 20-70 m 3 /h.

A special feature of the operation of this type of equipment is that during the pumping process the mixture for the concrete pump is practically not exposed to external influences, which allows it to work even with foam concrete, for which this technical point is of fundamental importance.

Design features and types of gasoline pumps

The stationary concrete pump is equipped as standard with a diesel engine, which includes an automatic speed controller and a pre-heating system, which greatly facilitates starting the engine in the cold season. The most popular today are two-piston models, during the operation of which a reciprocating movement of piston systems is performed to pump the solution.

Also on site you can often find a diaphragm pump, the operation of which is based on the use of a rubber diaphragm. Due to its movement, the internal volume of the working chamber changes. The only problematic point in using this category of special equipment may be that these automobile concrete pumps should not work with mixtures that contain large inclusions due to the rapid wear of the membrane. In this regard, all working solutions must be filtered through a special sieve.

In addition, electric concrete pumps can be used, as well as individual models designed specifically for the most intense operating conditions. When pumping mixtures over short distances, hose or perilstatic units are mainly used, which have the advantage of being able to work without interruption.

The technical characteristics of concrete pumps of this type allow them to lift the solution to a height of up to 30 m. They become optimal solution when working with thin solutions, as well as mixtures with gravel filler. Among the special advantages of this design, it is worth noting that simple design mechanism and minimum consumption energy during work.

Standard concrete pump design

Main structural elements automobile or stationary concrete pump are

• receiving bunker,
• concrete pipeline,
• double-acting hydraulic drive,
• cylinders.

The cylinders of the unit are driven by a hydraulic cylinder system. The entire structure is mounted on a reliable and durable housing frame assembled on a mobile chassis.

Thanks to the presence of a powerful drive, special equipment manages to maintain fairly high pressure levels inside the system (70-240 bar). This parameter can be quickly adjusted by adjusting the amplitude of movement of the pistons. At the same time, high-class special equipment is characterized by a fairly smooth ride and good adjustment. As a result, manufacturers are able to significantly reduce the wear rate of parts of stationary or automobile concrete trucks.

Despite the fact that, regardless of the mobility of the equipment, each of the models has wheels for transportation, with the difference that stationary models only allow them to be moved around the construction site, they are transported over long distances by freight transport. In order to ensure complete immobility of the unit during its operation, special stoppers are used to secure the equipment. Most brands of special equipment are characterized by a focus on the maximum possible technical characteristics of concrete pumps , which will allow the equipment to work with almost any mixture.

Operating principle of piston and pistonless equipment

Piston concrete pump

• Starting mixture for concrete pump is pumped through the system (it is a powder that is pumped in dissolved form through the pipeline of the unit). This is necessary in order to prevent any blockages and flow problems during the solution supply process.
• The mixture for the concrete pump enters the hopper . The flow of the solution is affected by the first piston, which allows the finished mass to be pushed out by the stroke of the second. The piston has a very rigid connection with all moving drive parts.
• The piston moves from side to side due to variable oil supply to the rod and piston cavities. The direction of the solution flow also changes in direct proportion to this.
• During the suction process of concrete, the discharge hole is closed using one of the elements of the gate valve, but when the injection process occurs, the outlet hole is clogged by the second element of the system.

Pistonless concrete pump

Stationary and truck-mounted concrete pumps of this type include a housing with a rotor located inside, on which are attached pressure push rollers, covered with rubber along the entire perimeter. The concrete mixture moves through the system due to the action of pressing rollers on the hose as the rotor rotates. As a result, a uniform and uninterrupted supply of concrete to the place of pouring is ensured, but with a relatively low productivity.

The optimal area of ​​use for such equipment is use at sites with small volumes of work (especially in situations where, due to frequent reinforcement, the use of other types of concrete pumps is significantly difficult). A fundamental feature that should be taken into account when choosing special equipment of this type is the fairly rapid wear of the hose under the influence of the filler.

The main principle of choice: the equipment must be reliable and simple

Practice shows that automobile concrete pumps fail much more often compared to stationary models. Their main problem is the rubber sleeve, which is subject to fairly rapid wear.

Repair of such a unit will have to be done on average 2-3 times more often, although it cannot be said that With stationary concrete pumps do not have problem components: they experience quite serious wear of the pistons under the influence of cement laitance.

As for ease of use, quite often the main selection criterion is the performance of the equipment according to the principle, the more the better. But in fact, it is important to follow the “golden mean” line in this parameter. The peculiarity of working with concrete mixtures both manually and mechanized is that there is a certain volume of solution that can be taken by workers per unit of time. Therefore, you should not overpay for super-performance equipment if it is not in demand.

As for the features of using concrete pumps at various sites, it can be noted that from the point of view of ease of use, mobility and high technical characteristics of concrete pumps are important , for example, if you have to pour a foundation for a 1-2-story house, make a monolithic ceiling or columns. But the construction of a building with a higher number of storeys is only possible using a stationary concrete pump ( although, if possible, in this case it is best to use both options at once).

To ensure transportation of the finished concrete mixture over a long distance or in hard to reach places a concrete pump is used. We’ll talk about the features of choosing and operating a concrete pump further.

Operating principle and design of a concrete pump

The main function of a concrete pump is pumping concrete during the construction of residential and industrial facilities.

The concrete pump is characterized by the presence of:

• output part,
• mixers,
• loading hopper,
• oil tank,
• cooling system,
• main engine,
• water pump,
• tool box,
• nitrogen cylinder,
• pumping valve,
• electrical panel,
• casing,
• hydraulic system,
• oil filter,
• pressure gauge,
• lubrication systems,
• supports,
• wheels,
• chassis,
• sewer,
• tow hitch,
• supporting chassis.

The main parts of the concrete drainage device are:

• concrete pipe,
• concrete elbow,
• concrete castle with rubber seal,
• flushing device.

The main part of the concrete pump is the motor, which is powered by electricity or diesel fuel. The concrete pumping system operates in an open circuit, which is easily adjustable. Availability additional functions, such as continuously variable hydraulic adjustment and adjustable fuel supply quantity, help the device perform better.

The main components of the concrete pump are two hydraulic cylinders and a water pump. Due to the presence of pistons connected to hydraulic cylinders, a reciprocating movement occurs, during which the first piston moves in one direction, and the second in the other.

A loading sector is connected to the outlet openings, into which the concrete mixture falls. With the help of two cylinders moving in different directions, the concrete mixture is pumped. The cylinders for transport purposes are connected to hydraulic ones, so the concrete mixture is very quickly sucked in and pumped.

In an oil-type concrete pump, adjusting the flow rate of the concrete mixture depends on the amount of oil entering the hydraulic cylinder. The distributors in such a device are pipes installed in a rotary direction. To ensure uninterrupted pumping of the mixture, you need to use pipes three times larger than the concrete size.

For industrial or residential construction, concrete is used, which has a particle size of two to four centimeters, in which case the diameter of the pipes will be from 6 to 12 cm.

The concrete mixture that enters the concrete pump undergoes a special study in laboratory conditions, where such a composition is selected so that the concrete can be conveniently and easily pumped. It is recommended to use cement or other plasticizer-based additives.

Scope of use and advantages of concrete pump

A concrete pump is used to supply concrete to hard-to-reach places. During the construction of multi-story buildings or large industrial enterprises, moving concrete using a concrete pump is much easier and faster.

Scope of use of the concrete pump:

1. When constructing bridges and overpasses, this device helps to quickly deliver concrete mixture without allowing it to thicken.

2. During the construction of railway or water structures, this device is also used.

3. During the construction of tunnel or port connections, a concrete pump is an indispensable means of transferring concrete mixture to the site.

4. In any construction where a lot of concrete is used, a concrete pump is required, since this unit does not require spending time and physical resources on transporting concrete.

Advantages of using a concrete pump:

1. A concrete pump helps to quickly and efficiently construct buildings and save time and money.

2. Smooth supply of concrete mixture prevents its leakage during transportation.

3. The concrete pump is a fairly wear-resistant equipment, and in addition, it is easy to operate.

4. Concrete pumps are capable of delivering the mixture both vertically and horizontally.

5. Some models are characterized by the presence of a remote control, with which it is possible to supply concrete over a long distance exceeding 25 meters.

6. The presence of wheels allows you to quickly move the device and does not require a large number of people to transport it. One person is enough to operate the concrete pump.

7. Concrete pumps are different high level productivity, and perform a given job several tens of times faster than a human.

8. Maximum length the supply of concrete mixture is 300 meters, and the height is 80 m. During the construction of multi-story buildings, this is a necessary unit.

Types of concrete pumps

Depending on the type of movement, there are:

• stationary concrete pump,
• automobile concrete pump,
• mobile concrete pump,
• mini concrete pump.

A stationary type concrete pump looks like a trailer with a pump installed on it. Its transportation is carried out using a tractor.

Advantages:

• pumping large quantities of concrete,
• availability of both vertical and horizontal feeding,
• lower cost,
• presence of a highway.

Scope of use:

• construction of tall buildings,
• multi-storey buildings.

Flaws:

• lack of quick transportation of the pump,
• poor performance of maneuvers,
• Mandatory presence of a manipulator.

A truck-mounted concrete pump is used to supply concrete to hard-to-reach construction sites. It looks like a car on which it is installed pumping station with concrete pipes. The main components of this device are a concrete bunker and a boom. The boom has the appearance of a pipe with several movable elbows. The boom length of an automobile concrete pump ranges from 20 to 60 meters. This main criterion the cost of this device. A container for immersing concrete acts as a bunker. From the bunker, by pumping liquid, concrete enters the pipe system. The end of the boom has a flexible sleeve that controls the delivery of concrete to a specific location. To start a concrete pump of this type, cement laitance or chemical solution. To work on this device two people are required, one monitors the control and coordination of the boom, and the second is engaged in direct construction work.

Advantages:

• high level of productivity, more than 90 m³ per hour;
• does not require special transport for movement;
• easy maneuverability.

Flaws:

• high price,
• lower length and height of concrete supply.

Mobile concrete pumps require additional technical equipment to move them. They are installed on a chassis and thus move around the construction site.

Mini concrete pumps are used during construction to supply concrete in small quantities. This unit is used both during large-scale construction and during the construction of medium or small objects.

Thanks to its compactness, the mini concrete pump can easily move around the construction site and deliver concrete solution to the most inaccessible places.

Peculiarities:

• feed length up to 150 m, and height up to 50 m;
• devices operating both on mains power and on diesel fuel;
• autonomy of movement.

Depending on the type of concrete supply, the following devices are distinguished:

• vacuum type,
• piston type,
• curtain type,
• gate type,
• S-shaped,
• C-shaped.

A vacuum type concrete pump supplies fuel by accumulating vacuum in the receiving part. The piston system involves pressing concrete using several pistons.

Curtain-type devices have a feed mechanism that is separated from the entire device by curtains. Vane concrete pumps have a vane assembly that separates the device from the feed mechanism.

1. To buy a concrete pump, go to a specialized store, where experienced consultants will help you choose a device based on the construction features.

2. In the process of choosing a concrete pump, the first step is to determine its functional load. You should know exactly how much concrete needs to be pumped and on what size objects it will be used.

3. If you only need to use a concrete pump once or twice, compare the price of renting and buying it, and decide for yourself which option to choose.

4. Pay attention to the power and performance characteristics of the device.

5. The parameters of the length and height of the feed are also selected individually.

6. Between a stationary and automobile concrete pump, it is better to give preference to the second type, although it costs more, but over time these costs will pay off, since for stationary device it is necessary to hire equipment to transport it.

7. The price for a concrete pump is determined by the following factors:

• concrete pump type,
• device power,
• performance,
• feed height and length,
• company manufacturer.

Concrete pumps characteristics and overview of manufacturers

1. Concrete pump Putzmeister (Germany) - characterized by the following features:

• fast and efficient transportation,
• high feed speed,
• good performance,
• allow you to quickly build bridges, high-rise buildings, tunnel structures,
• a large number of innovative technologies release devices with remote control who work quickly and efficiently,
• able to work in the harshest weather conditions,
• easy to clean and unpretentious to use.

2. Cifa concrete pump (Italy) - characterized by the following characteristics:

• about ten models that meet everyone modern technologies construction;
• complete set using high-performance units;
• The Z-shaped design of the booms allows you to easily and efficiently deliver concrete over long distances;
• concrete pumps easily penetrate the most inaccessible places;
• the design allows for significant fuel savings during operation;
• acceleration of the pace of construction several times;
• the bunker helps improve the quality of the concrete mixture;
• high pressure allows concrete to be delivered faster;
• Compact installation does not take up much space on the construction site;
• Possibility of choosing an electric or diesel engine.

3. Sany concrete pump made in China has the following features:

• the presence of a liquid crystal indicator and text display,
• ease of control,
• presence of two operating modes: high-speed and low-speed,
• patented concrete bunker manufacturing technology,
• There is practically no accumulation of solution in the corners of the hopper,
• presence of a remote control,
• low noise performance,
• reducing the amount of exhaust gases in devices running on a diesel engine,
• the engine can start easily even at low temperatures,
• low fuel consumption,
• ease of use,
• durability of work,
• the ability to adjust the concrete supply speed allows you to use the concrete pump at various construction sites,
• The presence of a hydraulic circuit makes it easy to transport the device.

1. Before starting to use the concrete pump, it is recommended to test the structure of the concrete pump itself and the complete set of the concrete pipeline for testing. hydraulic pressure, which will help determine the performance and configure the device. The recommended pressure value is indicated in the technical specifications of the device.

2. To flush the concrete water system, use a water pump. The receiving hopper controls the size of the initial mixture particles entering the concrete pipeline device, and thus prevents its clogging.

2. To select the correct mixture composition, you should test the device for pumping compositions of different densities. Due to the presence of a special tank for concrete, it is continuously pumped. Installation of a centrifugal water pump is required to pump out excess water after washing the concrete pump.

3. The concrete pump route is installed in such a way that the shortest distance and the minimum number of bends are obtained. The horizontal part of the concrete pump is mounted on supports or pads, and the vertical parts are located on masts, trusses or formwork. Concrete pipes cannot be installed at right angles, and if vertical sections appear, they should be replaced with inclined ones.

4. If the appearance of a vertical section could not be avoided, then its location should not be closer than eight meters to the concrete pump, in addition it is required additional installation a needle valve that will prevent backflow of concrete when stopping, changing or cleaning the device.

5. Before starting to supply concrete mortar through the concrete pipeline, you should initially pass lime mortar or a mixture of cement and sand, diluted one to two, in order to wet the inside of the concrete pipeline and form a lubricating layer on it.

6. Several trays or vibrating chutes are used to distribute the concrete mixture. If the concrete mixture contains low-density aggregate, then booms should be used as distributors.

7. It is forbidden to take long breaks while pouring concrete. If there is a break of up to one hour, then the concrete mixture should be pumped every ten minutes at minimum speed.

8. The main reason that indicates improper operation concrete pump is the appearance of blockage of concrete pipes. This process occurs due to a long delay of concrete in the concrete pump, during the process of delamination or partial setting of the mixture, which was prepared without maintaining the correct proportions, or due to an increase in the density of concrete that was subject to prolonged vibration.

9. If the appearance of a traffic jam cannot be avoided, do not start the device in operating mode, as this will lead to its breakdown. First you need to find the place where the plug is located; if it has formed in the concrete pipeline, then you need to start the concrete pump at a minimum number of revolutions. To clean the concrete pump, use the baths or wads that should be installed in it.

10. If the concrete pump is used in winter, then the concrete mixture that enters it must be heated to a temperature of 25-30 degrees. Before starting work, it is recommended to insulate the concrete pipes and warm up the concrete pump using steam; condensate should be discharged outside.

Basic characteristics of a concrete pump is its power, on which the length of the arrow and the delivery range depend. The last parameter is highlighted separately, since the ABN is sometimes connected to a stationary highway intended for delivery to those areas where it cannot drive on its own. For modern construction, machines are used whose boom reach can reach 64 meters - this is quite enough to build a multi-storey residential building. For the construction of monolithic structures whose height exceeds the indicated figure, use stationary systems combined with pipelines. The characteristics are quite varied and it is necessary to say a few words about how their selection should be made. First of all, there is a cost factor, which is the main limitation in the search process optimal model. The characteristics of a concrete pump must be selected in such a way that, with parameters sufficient for operation in specific conditions, it is possible to ensure that the rental or purchase price falls within the established range. It is worth understanding that when a product has insufficient parameters, the efficiency of its functioning under the given conditions of construction work is reduced many times over. If this is not taken into account, then a significant number of problems will arise that will have to be dealt with on site.

When choosing an ABN, the main attention is paid to its operational characteristics:

To use concrete pumps, several conditions must be met to ensure uninterrupted operation the unit itself and the safety of builders on site. The slope should not exceed 3%, otherwise operation may lead to an accident. For the same reason, it is not recommended to deploy the ABN near the fortified edge of the pit - minimum distance is 5 meters. Temperature limit environment is minus 15 degrees, in addition, there should be no power line wires near the object.

The main thing you need to pay attention to when choosing an autoconcrete pump (ACP) is the length of the distribution boom and the requirements for free space for work. The cost of renting equipment directly depends on the range of the boom, so before ordering a specific model, you should accurately determine this indicator.

Boom reach and free area

To determine which boom length is optimal for performing specific task, you need to measure the distance from the location of the ABN to the most distant point of the formwork. In some cases, the boom range may be shorter if there are workers on site who can quickly distribute the solution over the pouring area manually.

When the distance between the equipment and the place where the mixture is poured is established, you can approximately determine what length of the boom will be required to deliver the solution to the formwork. However, it should be taken into account that the horizontal range of the arrow will be several meters less than the vertical one. In the description of the concrete pump, this value is indicated specifically for delivery to height.

To accurately set the required length switchgear, you need to study its working diagram. This diagram is available in the technical documentation for the ABN and shows to what actual length the boom is capable of extending, depending on its angle relative to the horizon.

You also need to research before ordering construction site for availability of equipment access. The concrete pump has certain dimensions that require the appropriate amount free space for travel. On average, the dimensions of the ABN with a distribution boom of 30-40 m are 11.5x2.5x4 m.

It is also important to consider that before starting work, to fix the structure, the concrete pump requires the installation of retractable hydraulic supports. As a result, the free area for its placement increases to an area of ​​12x7 m.

Technical characteristics of the concrete pump

The documentation for each ABN model must contain a list of characteristics that determine its capabilities. First of all, the manufacturer indicates how many cubic meters of solution the pumping device pumps per hour. Almost everything modern models ABN satisfy the needs of the vast majority of tasks for pouring mortar into formwork.

The speed limit is not related to the power of the pump, but to the ability of the crew to accept a particular volume of mixture under certain conditions. Depending on the brand pumping device, its productivity can be between 60 and 180 m³/h.

In addition to performance, ABN is characterized by the type of drive and the power of the drive motor. The diameter of the concrete pipeline inside the distribution boom is standard - 125 mm. The technique has certain limitations when working with the solution. The draft of the mixture cone should be within 6-12 cm, and maximum size the filler fraction is not greater than that specified in the specification for the pump.

For each ABN, the type of chassis is indicated, that is, the model of the truck on which the pumping equipment and boom are installed. In addition, an automobile concrete pump is characterized by a certain weight and dimensions. Various models have their own capacity of the bunker and the pressure on the concrete mixture created by the pumping unit.