The principle of operation of lighting with a motion sensor is based on the influence of infrared thermal radiation, which comes from a person. The device is used to automatically turn on and off the electric lighting.

Motion sensor device

These devices are of the type of pyroelectric sensors and have in their design an infrared receiver used to receive thermal radiation, working in conjunction with a preamplifier, which has a field-effect transistor in the design. In order for the wavelength range to correspond to the radiation of the human body, namely 5-14 microns, a light filter is used, which is placed in front of the photodetector.

In order to avoid false inclusions, the sensor design provides for two identical infrared receivers, connected oppositely. Voltages are generated depending on the ambient light, as well as when the external temperature of the device changes. The voltages are subtracted and compensated, so the response of the device to the movement of the object is achieved.

Schematic diagram of the motion sensor

The motion sensor circuit for lighting is based on the operation of the P1R1 pyroelectric receiver, which receives infrared radiation. For the appearance of voltage, a modulation grating is used, in the design of which narrow alternating strips of varying degrees of transparency are used, thanks to which the object turns out to be alternately open. The grille is mounted in front of the receiver.

The supply voltage is supplied to the input of the amplifier of the pyrotechnic receiver, through the smoothing filter R1.C1. Resistor R19 is used to load the field-effect transistor. Pin 2 is used for the output signal.

Setting up motion sensors for lighting

When choosing the size of the strips of the modulating array, the required sensitivity of the device is achieved. The size of the modulation grating window forms the service area of ​​the device. It can be changed.

Adjustment and installation of motion sensors for lighting

The installation of motion sensors for illumination is carried out in accordance with the lens used, the nominal mounting height is 1.10 or 2.20 m.In some cases, a sensor with a 2.20 m lens is installed at a height of 1.10 m. 180 o in two levels. The range of the sensor depends on the height of its location. When changing the top level, you can set a practically unlimited range. This leads to the registration of motion outside the specified registration field.

The motion sensor for street lighting uses a 2.20m lens , the size of the registration field of such a sensor is 12x12 m. The size of the registration field when mounting 1.10 m is 6x6 m. The registration level is adjusted from top to bottom.

Important: It is inadmissible to hit the lens of direct sunlight, due to the effect of high temperature, the sensor may fail.

The optimal location of the motion sensor is to the side of the direction of travel.

When installing the motion sensor, remember that the reflection of thermal radiation due to illumination or the small distance between the automatic switch and the luminaire may lead to re-activation.

It is necessary to exclude getting into the field of registration of interference sources: lamps. heating appliances, light from any other source.

If the need arises, it is possible to use a plug-in hood, it is mounted in the instrument box, the location of the connection terminals in the lower part is desirable, otherwise a connection error may appear.

The plug-in hood eliminates interference by reducing the registration field, if the angle is reduced when the plug-in hood is installed, an error may occur when the sensor is triggered.

Protection from extraneous light sources is due to the delay. When going from high to low brightness, the brightness falls below the set threshold to low brightness. The fall below the set brightness value should persist for about 10 seconds, until switching.

When setting up motion sensors, there is an internal algorithm that automatically adjusts to weather conditions. This avoids unwanted switching.

When installing motion sensors to illuminate stairs with all-round access to the stairs, it is recommended to install a motion sensor covering the area at an angle of 360 °; with a limited tolerance, it is possible to install a sensor with an angle of 180 °. it is undesirable to install the device near an air conditioner, fan, and all devices associated with an electromagnetic field.

Types of motion sensors

By location type:

1. Perimetric, used for street lighting.
2. Peripheral.
3. Internal.

By the principle of action:

1. Ultrasonic - respond to high frequency sound waves.
2. Infrared - uses heat radiation.
3. Microwave - high frequency radio waves.
4. Passive, with a missing transmitter.
5. Active - both a transmitter and an infrared receiver are available.

By type of triggering:

1. Thermal, triggering occurs in response to temperature changes in the triggering field.
2. Sound, react to an impulse when air vibrations from sounds.
3. Oscillatory, react to changes in the environment and the magnetic field when objects move.

By design:

1. Single-position - the presence of a transmitter and a receiver together in one housing.
2. Two-position - using transmitter and receiver in different units.
3. Multi-position - more than two blocks of transmitters and receivers.

By installation type:

1. Multifunctional sensors are used to detect motion and lighting in rooms.
2. Room light sensor, used for control and monitoring systems.
3. Outdoor light sensor, used to measure the ambient light level.
4. Ceiling light sensor, installed in a false ceiling.
5. Surface-mounted light sensor, designed for wall mounting.
6. A flush-mounted light sensor is used to detect movement in residential and office premises.

The use of a wireless motion sensor for lighting is based on the transmission of radio frequency signals to the transceiver of the security system, which then follow to the electrical wiring of the house to turn on the lights in the house, then the reverse action takes place to turn off the lights.

Conclusions:

Nowadays, in residential and commercial buildings, the use of sensors as devices for lighting control allows to increase the comfortable level of use of the premises, as well as brings economic and energy benefits.

On average, the cost of motion sensors for lighting, the price is from 220 to 600 rubles. in cases where additional options are used in the design of the device, the price will be 2500 rubles.

The payback period for such devices for residential premises is 1.5 - 2 years. With the constant growth of prices for electric energy, which is 30% per year, the payback period of investments will decrease.

The functions of the "smart home" include automatic switching on of the lamp in the room as soon as a person enters it and switching off when leaving. For this, a motion sensor is used, which closes the lamp power circuit, detecting movement in the room. After a specified time interval, if no repeated signals are received, the lighting is turned off.

Motion sensor in the room to turn on the lighting

The figure does not show the lead wires, since the wiring to it is hidden.

Before connecting the motion sensor to the light bulb, you need to choose the right place for it. It is usually placed at the top of the corner of a room to control most of the space.

Advantages and disadvantages

When deciding on the installation of the device, you need to be aware of its positive and negative characteristics. The advantages include:

• economical power consumption, since the luminaire will always be turned off on time;
• continuous scanning of the area and reliable triggering when a signal appears;
• no need to look for a switch in the dark;
• the circuit provides for protective functions when the lamp lights up when strangers appear in the yard.

The disadvantages of sensors include high cost, false alarms for various reasons, operation within limited temperature limits.

Types of motion sensors

1. Infrared - a response to a change in thermal radiation from moving people. If the device scans the ambient thermal background, it is called passive. These sensors are more common because they are cheaper. When the device circuitry contains a radiation generator and a device for measuring reflected beams, this is an active sensor.
2. - reaction to sound of a certain level, depending on the setting.
3. Microwave - generating short wave radiation and responding to changes in the reflected signal.
4. Ultrasonic - the generation of high-frequency sound and the reaction to a change in the signal after it is reflected from objects.

The scheme of operation of any type of device provides for a reaction to changes in the parameters of the scanned space.

How the infrared sensor works

The sensor detects thermal radiation from the surrounding objects, reaching the light-sensitive sensor through a system of concentric segmented lenses (Fresnel lens). Their number is 20-60 pieces. The more there are, the higher the sensitivity of the optical system. The controlled area of ​​coverage is directly related to the surface area of ​​the lenses. Installing a Fresnel lens (Fig. A) instead of the usual one makes it possible to reduce the weight and dimensions of the sensor.

Fresnel lens (a) and conventional lens (b)

The figure below shows a general diagram of the operation of the motion sensor. It does not react to background radiation, but to a sharp change in the flow of heat from a person entering the room. The radiation receiver is a pyrodetector, which generates an electromagnetic field, which is directed by the optical system. An electronic circuit amplifies the signal and closes the electrical circuit of the lighting system. For this, a controlled semiconductor is used - a thyristor.

The thyristor conductivity depends on the input signal level. If it is sufficient for the device to operate, the control unit turns on the luminaire. There is a regulating device to change the sensitivity of the sensor.

The scheme of switching on the lighting from the motion sensor

The electronic unit provides for turning off the lighting after a predetermined time delay. In addition, it contains a twilight switch for taking the device out of operation during the day.

Choosing a location

The device should cover as much of the room as possible. When installing, you should take into account the features of the room and the way people pass through them. Due to the fact that the view is 120 0, the sensors are placed in the corner so that the rays pass through the entire room. Moving out to the middle of the room will create uncontrolled spaces, although with the right choice and installation on the ceiling, the view can be increased up to 360 0. If the room contains turns, instead of one, several devices are installed, connecting them in parallel to each other, as shown in Fig. below (c).

Motion sensor connection diagrams

When installing the sensor, the following should be avoided:

1. Do not install near heating radiators, devices with electromagnetic radiation, in a draft or in other places where extraneous signals can affect the operation.
2. Obstacles in the line of sight can cause false alarms. These can be bushes, trees, cobwebs, device contamination, etc.
3. It is not allowed to hit the device with direct sunlight and artificial light from the lamp.
4. The load to be switched on should not be pushed to the limit.
5. Parallel connection of several sensors should only be through one phase.

Connection methods

The sensor connection diagram instead of a conventional switch is not much different from it, only the work is done automatically. The device is used to open or close an electrical circuit.

The sensor should be connected only as shown in the diagram (Fig. A). The phase and neutral wires are connected to the sensor terminals (respectively, brown and blue), and the lamp is connected to the neutral wire and the output of the device, to which, when triggered, the supply voltage is supplied.

All connections must be made with the mains voltage removed.

To enable manual control mode instead of automatic, switch contacts are connected parallel to the motion sensor (Fig. B). If you need to go back, they will open again and the motion sensor will again have control over the lighting.

The old light switch is usually left in the circuit. With its help, you can turn off the motion sensor if it is not in demand or during repairs.

If one device cannot control the entire room, another sensor is connected in parallel to it (Fig. C).

If it is required to turn on a luminaire, a searchlight or a group of lamps with a power exceeding the specified one, the signal from the device is fed to the winding of the magnetic starter, which, with its power contacts, will provide the required connections.

3 wires from the junction box are stretched to the device: phase, neutral and lamp. On its terminal block you can see the designations of the phase (L), zero (N) and lamp (A).

The connection terminals of the motion sensor should not be confused. Incorrect connection can lead to its failure. The phase is easily found using a voltage indicator that does not respond to the neutral wire.

The connection is made through the terminal blocks, and the wires for the screw must be tinned, since the copper wire oxidizes over time.

Choice

The choice of sensor design depends on the installation location: outdoor, indoor, corner, wall, ceiling.

Sound switches

Sound-responsive devices are often used because they are cheap. The 00090 sound switch (manufactured by Argos-Trade, Russia) is connected in the same way as the usual one, there is no need for a separate neutral wire connection. The device is installed in a back box and has good sensitivity to audio signals. It is used to automatically switch on lighting sources with a power of up to 100 W in corridors and staircases.

In addition to the built-in sound sensor, the device has an illumination sensor that allows you to set the response threshold for the daytime.

The 00091 sound switch has the same characteristics, but a neutral wire is used for connection.

Motion sensor LX-01

The figure below shows the common LX-01 motion sensor (Feron, China).

Motion sensor LX-01

LX-01 has 3 settings:

1. Switch-on time interval - duration of operation from the moment of detection (up to 2 minutes). If a person continues to be in the coverage area, the device turns on again.
2. Light level - below a configurable threshold value, the sensor does not work. There is no need to operate the sensor during the day.
3. Sensitivity - to eliminate accidental alarms, for example, from the movement of pets. The radius of the coverage area is regulated.

Specifications:

• scanning angle - 120 0;
• maximum detection distance - 12 m;
• supply voltage - 220 V;
• turn-on time - 5-600 sec;
• range of photosensitivity - 10-2000 Lx.

At low temperatures, the device operates down to -10 0 С.

DetectorLX1 consists of two boxes:

• hardware, consisting of a control board, a pyroelectric motion detection sensor and a photosensitive photoresistor for controlling the illumination level;
• mounting, with fixing the device body and holes for wire entry.

The motion sensor can be mounted on a wall or bracket.

The picture below shows other popular motion sensors from well-known companies. They are reliable and fit well in any interior. Viewing angles can reach 360 0.

Types of infrared motion sensors

The motion sensor can be built into the luminaire as a finished product. Here, a separate lighting connection, and then a control system, as well as installation costs, are no longer required. The device is installed in place and immediately starts to work, for example, the wall lamp Steinel-L265S. It covers an area at a distance of up to 8 m, a viewing angle of 360 0 - 100 W, and a maximum operating time of 15 minutes. The lamp costs about 10 thousand rubles, but it will be more economical in terms of costs and time than in the case when the circuit is assembled from separate parts.

Ultrasonic motion sensor

The device emits ultrasonic waves, and then the optical system catches them after reflection and directs them to the receiver, which sends a signal at a certain level to the electronic light switch. Producers: Feron (China), Turck (Germany), Master Kit (Russia).

They try not to use devices in living rooms, since ultrasound is negatively perceived by pets. They are used mostly in long corridors and staircases.

The advantage of the sensor is its low price, unpretentiousness to environmental influences and fixation of objects made of any materials.

The disadvantages include a short range of work and poor sensitivity when objects move slowly.

Microwave motion detectors

The principle of operation and the circuit of the device are similar to ultrasonic, only the operation takes place in the microwave range. Recommended manufacturers: TDM Electric (China), Euroavtomatika (Russia, Belarus). The advantages include compactness, high range, the ability to pick up signals from slowly moving bodies, and resistance to the external environment.

Their cost is higher compared to sensors operating on other principles. Signals can even be picked up behind partitions made of non-conductive materials, which often leads to false alarms. In places where people are constantly located, microwave sensors are not used, since microwave radiation is harmful to health.

Combined sensors

By combining the advantages of several methods of parallel motion control, the sensors compensate for the characteristic disadvantages and work more reliably.

A universal device is the Control-Lux 1100 sensor shown in the figure below (TD Pan Electric, Russia). The circuit of the device provides a reaction to sound and movement, operates at a distance of up to 12 m, is not afraid of moisture, is used for a lamp indoors or outside the house. The load is up to 1 kW.

Motion sensor "Control-Lux 1100"

DIY sensor. Video

You can learn how to make a full-fledged motion sensor with your own hands by watching this video.

Lighting control using motion sensors saves energy and creates comfort at home. It can be used with a light switch or a dimmer for. Infrared sensors are predominantly used. To install them, you need to know the rules of installation and connections.

The problem of how to connect a motion sensor to a light bulb is solved in a few minutes, subject to a clear presentation of the operation scheme and the correct selection of the control device and lamp model. In addition, you will need to think over the sensor installation scheme, how to disconnect and calibrate it, and perform a small test before proceeding with the installation of the equipment.

How to make a lighting scheme with a motion sensor

The very idea of ​​connecting lamps to a motion sensor is considered by experts to be the simplest and most adequate way to save electricity in the house. If, of course, modern economical light bulbs are used in the lamps.

In theory, in order to save energy, it is not necessary to use expensive energy-saving LEDs, for example, in the entrances of houses, in public places, in basements, huge hangars and warehouse sheds, you can connect an ordinary light bulb with a motion sensor. The saving effect will be achieved by limiting the operating time, although the maximum savings will be achieved with modern economical light bulbs. True, not all housekeepers are equally well suited to work with a motion sensor.

What are they, motion sensors

Structurally, motion sensors are designed and manufactured on the basis of:

• Ultrasonic sensors;
• Microwave emitters and receivers;
• Infrared LEDs and photocells.

The first two types of sensors can be connected to a light bulb, but this is done only when organizing a security alarm system for large areas, and the functioning of the automation is not connected in any way with the lighting of a home, house or adjacent territory. In addition, microwave and ultrasonic devices are not used in household appliances due to the high cost and harmful effects of waves on the human body and pets.

Specificity of the motion sensor device

If you need to make an automatic switch on / off the light when a person enters the room or after he has left it, then infrared motion sensors are out of competition and are best suited. Ceiling devices have a viewing angle of 360 °, wall-mounted ones - 150-170 °, directional sensors capture a sector of 15-20 ° vertically and 60-70 ° in a horizontal plane, which allows the motion sensor to read information only from the doorway.

For other types of sensors, you have to choose a place where you can install and connect the device with minimal interference from the side zones, ceiling and floor.

Each device is equipped with a mounting panel with screw chips, to which you will need to connect the electrical network and wires from lamps, a chandelier, a spotlight, you can use a bell or a door lock. On average, the device is designed for continuous operation for 10 thousand hours or three sessions of changing bulbs.

Most motion sensors are equipped with regulators:

• The time delay between the activation of the internal sensor and the turning on of the light;
• Photocell response threshold that controls the level of outdoor lighting.

The range of the motion sensor rarely exceeds 6-7 m, which is sufficient for solving any indoor tasks. If you need to connect the lighting bulbs of the local area, then you have to use several motion sensors, limit their capture angle, artificially increase the range due to horn nozzles.

Typical adjustment points are shown in the table:

• "SENS" determines the sensitivity or range of the infrared photodiode, the maximum is 12-15 m in the absence of interference;
• "MIK" allows you to adjust the operation of the machine for noise or sound, for example, crying of a child or barking of a dog;
• "LUX" is used in models equipped with a photodetector of natural light, determines the level of illumination when the sensor is triggered;
• "TIME" sets the timer delay time for the signal to turn on the contactor.

Advice! When buying a sensor, do not be too lazy to check the operation of the machine using all provided sensor lines.

Often, Chinese manufacturers use one unified device body to produce models that are designed separately for acoustic or infrared signals. Information about the differences in the models is provided only in the manual, which was written with a large number of errors. Therefore, even if there are controls on the panel, this does not mean that the sensor is capable of working with the desired type of signal.

Lamps for vending machines with motion sensor

Older models of motion sensors have a two-pole contact chip, to which, at best, incandescent bulbs can be connected. This is the most reliable and easy-to-configure type of device, but if you try to connect an energy-saving light bulb, there may be some problems with the housekeeper involuntarily starting up or the bulb flickering in standby mode. In standby mode, the device consumes up to 1 W of electricity.

In this case, before connecting the motion sensor to the light bulb, you will need to hang a capacitor with a capacity of 0.5-1.0 microfarads in parallel to the lamp contacts.

For your information! When choosing a suitable device model, it should be borne in mind that super-reliable and inexpensive relay-capacitor motion sensors have too high a lower turn-on time limit.

It turns out that from the moment the infrared sensor is triggered until the light is turned on, you can set at least 7-15 seconds. For large areas this is not a problem, but for lighting the courtyard and living rooms it is very inconvenient to wait ten long seconds until the light turns on. You have to move the motion sensor far ahead of the doorway and pull the wires to connect a spotlight or emergency lighting.

The second, more modern type of sensor devices is made according to a three-polar scheme, to which any light bulbs can be connected. The main thing is that the current load does not exceed the limit value of the restrictions set by the manufacturer for the device.

If you plan to connect a fluorescent lamp, then you will additionally need to comply with the reactance restrictions. Light bulbs can be connected to the sensor, provided that the reactance value is no more than ½ of the active part installed by the manufacturer for this sensor model. It is worth remembering that the requirements for compliance with reactive load primarily relate to additional capacitors and the length of the wiring, especially if the sensor is planned to be connected to light bulbs located at a great distance from the device case.

For the manufacture of an automatic lighting device, it is best to connect LED or fluorescent bulbs. If the housekeeper is blinking, you can use a 50 kΩ ballast resistor instead of a capacitor, this will reduce the reactive power and allow you to fit into the restrictions on the control device.

Halogen bulbs do not require additional installation, so they can be connected directly, but the resource of a halogen lamp paired with an automatic movement control in the case of interior lighting can be reduced to 20% of the standard value.

Diagrams for connecting a light bulb to a motion sensor

Information about the assignment of the terminals on the mounting panel of the device and the simplest way to connect the sensor to the existing network wiring, as a rule, is given in the passport for the device or even pasted in the form of a memo on the inside of the removable cover.

The simplest way to connect a light bulb to a sensor

The connection diagram looks like this:

In this case, there are three connectors in a three-pole system:

• L - phase wire;
• N - neutral conductor;
• L I - designates the control connector through which the load must be connected to the neutral wire.

Not only a light bulb can act as a load, it can be any actuator with a non-inductive load. In this scheme, the device remains connected to the network, regardless of whether the luminaire is working or not.

Motion Sensor Controlled Design

The previous version of the installation of the motion control device has one pronounced drawback. After assembling the circuit, the process of turning on the bulbs remains uncontrollable. An automatic light switch helps out perfectly, for example, when you need to enter an absolutely dark room with a non-standard switch location, or your hands are busy with some kind of load that does not allow you to reach the power button.

According to user reviews, a more successful scheme is considered to be with an additional switch that allows you to turn off the sensor, while leaving the luminaire in working order.

Alternatively, you can connect the switch button in parallel with the motion sensor and do not wait 7-15 seconds for the automation to work, and turn on the lighting yourself with the switch key.

Sensor for high-power lamps

Usually, according to this scheme, you can connect a low-power load, if a circuit with increased power consumption is required, for example, a heater or powerful mercury gas-discharge lamps, then the connection will look like this.

In addition to the light bulb, an electromagnetic contactor or starter appears in the circuit, through which the main load current flows. You can turn on powerful mercury lamps, an air conditioner or a fan heater with a button or by a sensor signal.

Connection method for multiple luminaires

If the relay part of the device allows switching an increased load, then by reconfiguring the automatic device to trigger from a photocell, you can connect a whole network of light bulbs that are responsible for lighting in the most important places of the building.

Connection option with multiple motion sensors

The more complex the room configuration, the lower the stability of the motion sensors. Radiation from an infrared LED, before reaching the sensor, can be reflected and refracted in space in the most unpredictable way.

To ensure reliable operation of the machine, it is necessary to use several sensors connected according to an independent scheme. Most often, the above scheme is recommended to be used for corner areas, long corridors, flights of stairs and porches with several entrance areas.

As soon as a moving object appears in the “visibility” range of one of the sensors, a person, car, pet, the sensor is unlocked and supplies power to the light bulb. As the movement progresses, the devices are switched on sequentially, providing a constant glow of the light bulb.

It is not difficult to assemble the circuit, it is much more difficult to adjust the sensitivity of the sensor devices so that the operation occurs precisely on the appearance of a person, and not on a stray dog ​​or a taxi that has arrived.

Practical problems of using sensors for lighting

It would seem that the simplest task of connecting light bulbs to a motion sensor in practice is often accompanied by a large number of problems associated with the specifics of the device and the operation of the infrared sensor.

One of the problems can be a long waiting time, sometimes you have to wait 5 seconds, and sometimes 15 seconds before the automatic works. This is often very annoying, so in an uncontrolled device, they try to reduce the response time.

In the simplest devices, the delay time is adjusted in two ways:

• Using an electronic circuit with a counter and a pulse generator;
• Using the simplest variable resistor and capacitor design.

In the first case, it is practically difficult to change the lower delay threshold, it is easier to buy and connect a sensor with the lowest response threshold. For example, in the cheap Chinese model TDL2012-AC, the timer delay time is adjusted by setting the switches to 5 and 40 seconds. For special cases, you can connect tracks with 4-16 minutes of sensor response delay.

In the second, for bipolar systems, an additional resistor can be connected to the variable resistance, approximately ½ of the maximum value of the variable. In this way, it is possible to get rid of the blinking of a fluorescent or LED lamp and at the same time reduce the timer operation time.

Incorrect sensor connection and positioning

The ability to obtain significant savings in consumed electricity using automatic movement devices in entrances and stairwells has made the "light-sensor" schemes incredibly popular in multi-storey buildings.

In such conditions, two basic conditions must be met. First, correctly connect the motion sensor to the light bulbs with a separate wiring with a noise filter in the network. Any inclusion of powerful electrical equipment may damage the electronic part of the device.

Secondly, install the receiver of the device in such a way that any moving objects, pets, an elevator, or the sun's rays will not trigger the infrared photodiode.

Home chandelier problem

It is not difficult to connect a chandelier to the appliance, even for a novice electrician. The connection diagram is shown below.

Structurally, the connection method is no different from the circuit with a controlled machine, but there is one condition. In ceiling lamps, chandeliers, sconces, even if they are not planned to be connected to a lighting control machine, it is necessary to use diffusing shades or screens. Especially if the house uses halogen bulbs with a high color temperature. This is done so that the infrared motion sensor does not react to the spiral or the emitting spot of the light bulb. In addition, you will have to take into account the location of mirrors and reflective surfaces in the apartment.

Conclusion

The problem is not how to connect a motion sensor to a light bulb, but how to make the whole system work stably, without false alarms for turning on the air conditioner, refrigerator or remote control. To get rid of interference, experts recommend choosing a circuit of two or three narrowly targeted sensors or buying an expensive noise-immune complex with a standard tuning circuit.

A small motion detector device is perfect for burglar protection and light signaling in cases of unwanted intrusion into private territory. And it is also excellently used for energy saving modes, when the light will turn on when the residents of the house approach, but the most attractive quality of such a system is the ability for the user to assemble the circuit on his own. The detector is connected to any type of luminaire, including decorative, to a new network or an existing one. Before connecting the motion sensor to the light bulb, you must familiarize yourself with the installation procedure.

Installing a motion detector for lighting

Despite the fact that the device of the sensor is a little more complicated than that of many household electrical items, even a beginner can cope with this task by following the installation diagrams. Usually they are indicated in the technical documentation for the device. If these options are not suitable, and the buyer is not friendly with electrical engineering, then it will be safer to invite a specialist for installation. Before connecting the motion sensor to the light bulb, you need to deal with the wiring. This part can be the most difficult for this project.

In some situations, it may be necessary to route wires through existing walls. But in many cases, this project is not difficult when the user has open doses left over from the construction or reconstruction of in-house power grids. If new wiring cannot be done, it is advisable to choose sensors with similar parameters, but which are installed with minimal or no wiring.

Sensor selection

Stores have motion detectors (roughly $ 20 / RUR 1250) that mount on spotlights, but you can attach them to a mounting plate and use them as a remote device.

Before connecting the motion sensor to the light bulb, you need to make the right choice of the device, take into account the power ratings of the luminaire that it will control. This value must be at least the total power of all connected luminaires. For example, if a customer has two fixtures, each designed for a 100-watt lamp, the sensor must have a minimum wattage rating of 200 watts. Most of the devices sold in stores are rated at 300 watts, the parameter is indicated on the packaging and on the sensor itself.

Energy efficient compact fluorescent (CF) bulbs for outdoor use are becoming more popular and economical. Unfortunately, most motion sensors are not CF compatible, which is indicated on the packaging. If the wattage data says "incandescent" but does not mention "fluorescent" then the sensor will not process CF.

Some outdoor luminaires have a built-in sensor. These decorative lamps work like motion detectors but are more stylish and take just a few minutes to install. They are not designed to control other luminaires in the home and have a limited range of styles. In shopping centers, the buyer can find no more than 3-4 models of this type. Prices start at around $ 35 (RUR 2,199). But it's worth it, with such a device you don't have to rack your brains over how to connect a motion sensor to a light bulb through a switch.

They work like a remote control, sending a radio signal to a receiver that turns on the light. No wiring is required to control existing lamps. You just need to screw the receiver into a light socket and install the sensor where necessary. However, there are some limitations for this system. The sensor requires batteries, which will have to be replaced every few months. In rare cases, the radio signal cannot reach the receiver due to interference or blockage. A kit containing a sensor and two receivers costs about $ 50 / RUB 3140.

The sensor, like every luminaire, requires electrical boxes installed in the wall. Choosing a location for the motion sensor is not difficult, you need to check the manufacturer's instructions and place it where it can "see" visitors or intruders as it approaches the security object. Typically, the sensor detects movement best when placed 2 to 3 meters above ground level.

Tools that need to be purchased before connecting the motion sensor to the light bulb through the DD IK 501 switch:

1. 4-in-1 screwdriver.
2. Corded drill.
3. Set of drills.
4. Extension.
5. Voltage tester.
6. Safety glasses.
7. Ladder.
8. Wire stripper / cutter.
9. Hammer and chisel if junction boxes are installed in masonry or plaster.
10. Cable 14-2.
11. Junction boxes.

Before connecting the motion sensor to a light bulb, you may need a 14-3 cable, depending on the power supply circuit of the object. It is installed on a round or rectangular box. Avoid placing it directly on the luminaire holder. Prior to installation, a number of holes are drilled on the plaster along the perimeter and knocked down with a chisel.

Connection diagrams

Before running the electrical cable into the junction box, you need to determine how the system will turn on, and you need to choose a method that will simplify the cable routing. Before connecting the motion sensor to the light bulb through the DDT 02 switch, choose the connection options:

1. The sensor is installed next to the switch.
2. The fixture is closer to the device.
3. Using a switch that can shut off power to the sensor and luminaires.
4. The sensor is installed between the switch and the lamp.

After choosing the scheme and preparing the holes, you need to run the cable to the boxes and attach it to the frame using plastic brackets. Connect the sensor and devices as shown in the wiring diagrams in the technical documentation for it.

When everything is installed, you can turn on the sensor and devices.

How to connect a motion sensor to a light bulb with a switch (see photo above).

If the user is connecting to existing wires, the old bare ends must be disconnected and the insulation removed to open up the connection.

Be careful when doing this. Disconnect the power to the main switch panel before removing the electrical box cover, then check the wires inside with a tester to make sure there is no power. After completing all connections, turn on the power and set the sensor to the “test” mode to make sure that the system is working correctly and, if necessary, adjust it.

Passive infrared sensor

If a customer has purchased lamps that do not have a sensor connected, there is no need to worry. It can be connected to existing outdoor lighting networks. It's easy to do, you can add a motion sensor without wiring. For this, there are bulbs equipped with a built-in passive infrared sensor. They can detect anything that emits heat, which is then captured by a PIR infrared sensor. Once the person is within the preset range, the light will be on.

If this seems like the best solution for the user, experts recommend one of the three bulbs below:

1. QPAU E27 7W 14. LED bulb with PIR motion sensor, E27. Uses a combined method: motion sensor + SmartPhone control + camera. For those without a home security camera, this is one of the best and easiest options to install. The Toucan comes with two parts: motion detection cameras and a USB power adapter. The latter is attached to the outdoor lighting socket like a light bulb. It draws power from the base and is able to keep the camera charged and ready to go. The system is a complete home security camera and includes HD live video, two-way communication, 100dBA siren, 2-hour cloud storage, IP44 weather resistance, instant notifications to mobile devices. It can be installed in just 15 minutes. It is a smart light and can be controlled from anywhere via Wi-Fi using the included mobile app. You can purchase this device for $ 199 (RUB 12,500).
2. The other method is surprisingly simple and very similar to the Kuna Toucan or the PIR bulb installation. These devices, which come in different shapes and sizes, work on the same principle. They allow you to turn on a lamp and a light bulb by adding a Defiant Indoor 120 Degree Motion Sensing Socket. It is very similar to the USB power adapter included with the Kuna Toucan, only without the security camera device. Installation is simple, the bulb is unscrewed, the sensor is connected, and then it is tightened again.
3. LUXON Motion Sensor Light Socket Adapter. Many PIR jacks are for indoor use only. For example, Defiant is displayed as an internal device. However, most users tend to install it outdoors and the sales company claims it has outside potential.

Retrofitting existing lighting

To modernize your home lighting system and make it smart, you need a switch. Before connecting the motion sensor to the light bulb through the PS switch SS22N180, you should do the following:

1. Purchase a kit for outdoor placement.
2. Disconnect the power supply from the lighting line at the installation site and check the disconnection with a tester.
3. Remove the insert where you want to install the motion detector after the PS switch SS22N180.
4. Run the wire into the fixture and fix the motion detector in front of the luminaire.
5. Connect the wire from the switch to the motion detector, the other to the wire to the luminaire and connect the neutral wires together.

Before starting any detector, configure it. For example, you need to adjust the sensitivity before connecting the motion sensor to the light bulb through the SEN14 switch. Technical data of the device:

1. The model number is SEN14.
2. Voltage: 110/130 V, 220/240 V.
3. Frequency: 50/60 Hz.
4. Load: max. 900 W @ 110 V, 1100 W @ 220 V.
5. Target acquisition distance: 5/8 m.
6. Adjustable time delay: 10 seconds to 7 minutes (adjustable).
7. Lighting control: 3-2000 LUX (adjustable).
8. Detection speed: 0.6 / 1.5 m / s.
9. Distance: 10 m.
10. Size: 90 * 140mm.

Built-in device with LED lamp

This project is a Smart Light adapter that is designed to create a smart device based on a conventional, CFL or LED lamp and a PIR sensor. They are usually located high, so you need to think about how to connect the motion sensor to the light on the stairs. The end result will be a light bulb that turns on depending on movement within the PIR range.

The sensor is mounted in such a way that its angular position can be adjusted. The initial position of the rail holder does not affect the perception of the person's passage. This is achieved through the use of a 3.5mm stereo plug and socket.

The PIR sensor detects the movement of people and provides an output signal. It operates in two modes, which are selected by a jumper located on the back of the sensor PCB. If it is not within reach with an input voltage of 12 V, the LM 7805 regulator for the sensor part is used.

Normal mode: when the sensor detects movement, it sets the output to High in time and resets the output to Low, regardless of movements during the HIGH output. This is a one-time launch mode.

Restart mode: when the sensor detects movement, sets an alarm and resets the output to Low. During the High state exit, it starts the timer from scratch again.

Before connecting the motion sensor to the light bulb through the switch, you need to secure the device well. Fastening:

1. Open the adapter and measure the diameter of the threaded part.
2. Draw a square on the bottom of the cabinet, the length of which is equal to the obtained parameter.
3. Limit the corner pieces of the square and cut them out to insert the adapter.
4. Placement should be strictly based on the volume available in the chassis after the AC / DC adapter is installed.

The adapter must be positioned so that the contact pins are parallel to the housing wall. It is recommended to use a special fixing glue for fastening. The LED strip used comes with double-sided adhesive tape.

Procedure:

1. Attach the module to the top cover of the junction box.
2. Make sure the screw holes are not covered and make a hole in one of the side walls of the box to insert the LED input terminals.
3. The number of LEDs can be varied as required, limiting the current rated at 1Amp.
4. The type of LED depends on the user's taste, but the voltage should be 12V.
5. Make a hole in the side wall of the case that is round enough to fit the socket.
6. Screw in the connector.
7. Measure the diameter of the Fresnel lens (white part).
8. Place the sensor inside the housing so that the lens comes out of it, having previously made a hole large enough for insertion.
9. Make a hole for the 3.5mm jack and insert it before soldering the wires.
10. Place SMPS and PCB and glue them with glue and gun.
11. Solder the 3.5 mm socket to the sensor according to the diagram and close the case.
12. Connect the adapter.
13. Close the box with the lid on which the LED strip is fixed.
14. The sensor can be rotated 360 degrees continuously as part of it is installed via the stereo jack.
15. This allows the device to be adjusted in accordance with the direction of movement of the person.

Phase-to-break connection

Before connecting the motion sensor to the light bulb, using the switch, you need to determine the circuit of the light switch and turn off the power.

Check the wire, remove the switch and examine the wires with a tester to be absolutely sure there is no voltage. Loosen screws with power off. If the switch has three wires: red, blue and green, they will be connected to the new motion sensor switch as follows:

Installation procedure:

1. Disconnect the wires from the old switch.
2. Separate the wires.
3. Connect the wire to the new switch. Install the connected motion sensor into the switch box.
4. Secure the switch with the supplied mounting screws.
5. Customize controls.

Motion sensors are a key factor in preventing unwanted guests from entering. If you already have an outdoor camera installed, great! But if she lacks light, then she will not protect the house in the dark. The activated motion light can act as a burglary protection, but it can also support outdoor cameras.

You can, of course, just leave the outdoor lights on all night, especially when no one is at home, but it costs money: a 150-watt street lamp, which operates daily for 8 hours, will cost about $ 52 (3260 rubles) per year. Not to mention the fact that each consumer should make their own contribution to the cause of energy conservation and protection of the environment from light pollution.

Before connecting the motion sensor to a light bulb with a switch, you must:

1. Disconnect the power supply.
2. Determine the light switch circuit and disconnect the power.
3. As an additional precaution, place a “Do not Power On!” Sign on the outside of the circuit block so that someone does not inadvertently turn on the power to the circuit during operation.
4. Check the voltage disconnection with a tester, with the power off, unscrew the screws holding the old switch.
5. Connect the sensor according to the wiring diagram specified by the manufacturer and check the system operation.

You need to pay attention to the setting elements and adjust the sensitivity and light activation time. On the switch, the adjustment of the lower part is adjusted so that the light comes on when someone enters the room and a time delay is set so that the light remains on for a few more seconds after everyone has left the room.

Initially, motion sensors for lighting were used to ensure the safety and security of various objects, but more recently, similar devices are used in private homes and in the territories of personal plots. In addition, scientific developments have made it possible to create new devices that contribute not only to comfortable movement around the house or garden at night, but also to save energy.

Possibilities of using motion sensors

According to experts, the connection diagram of a motion sensor for lighting a certain space does not differ much from a conventional switch, which makes it possible to install such equipment both in a country house and in areas around it. In addition, for the organization of lighting, both devices that react to movement and mechanisms of pass-through switches can be used.

In addition, such devices are often connected to other networks, for example:

• alarm systems;
• sound notification;
• other equipment used for the protection and security of private property.

Principles of recording devices and ensuring their functionality

A motion sensor connected to lighting devices allows responding to infrared radiation inherent in all living things, and therefore the main part of such a device is a photocell, the main characteristic of which is the range. That is, the distance to the sensor, being at which, the object will be fixed by the photocell, and the lighting switching circuit will work.

Modern developments of such equipment make it possible to adjust the sensitivity parameters of photocells, which helps to exclude the reaction of devices to the operation of household appliances or the movement of pets.

In addition, the industry produces lighting devices in which motion sensors are mounted. Such lamps are not uncommon, but for proper installation, experts recommend following several rules:

• it is better to mount motion sensors in such a way that household appliances, as well as incandescent lamps and radios are not located opposite the device;
• installation provides for the absence of obstacles;
• exclusion of moisture penetration, which can cause damage and failure of the mechanism;
• accurate calculation of the power of lighting equipment, which should not exceed 500 watts.

However, if it is necessary to install several lamps of higher power to one device, it is supposed to include a special magnetic starter in the circuit.

The choice of devices that react to movement depends on the goals and needs of the lighting of a particular area.

Types of motion sensors for automation of area lighting

If preference is given to equipment with a connected sensor, then it is necessary to decide on the type of lighting device, since ordinary lamps will not be able to properly perform their functions due to the frequent change of the operating mode. Therefore, experts recommend purchasing special lamps intended for use in such electrical circuits.

Since the operation of sensors in open areas provides for certain protection measures, you should pay attention to the class of devices for this parameter, for example, IP44 or IP57.

In addition, there are:

• active motion sensors, which work on the principle of radars or sonars, that is, they send a signal and receive its reflection;
• passive devices, for the operation of which the property of trapping heat is used.

Active devices are believed to be more functional and accurate. However, they operate at ultrasonic frequencies, which should be taken into account if there are pets in the house that may be annoyed by such sounds.

Viewing angle and sector of coverage of devices

In addition, experts advise taking into account the range and viewing angle of the devices. So:

• sensors located on ceilings are required to provide operation within a radius of 360 degrees;
• wall models - 180 ° horizontally and 20 ° vertically;
• the operating range of 10–12 meters is quite enough for the operation of the circuit in spacious rooms.

However, if this is not enough or the space has several turns, such as corridors or stairs, then the use of two devices that fix the movement or the combination of the operation of the motion sensor and is not excluded.

In addition, a conventional switch may be required in the circuit, regardless of the correct operation of the recorder.

The design features of such equipment involve the use of fixed and movable sensors, which allows you to periodically change the detection area by moving the device along specified axes.

Standard wiring diagrams for motion detection devices

However, standard wiring diagrams for motion sensors imply the installation of one device in a conventional electrical circuit.

The movement detecting mechanism is equipped with three clamping terminals:

• one of them leads the wire to the phase;
• the second is for connecting the neutral wire;
• the third one connects the lighting fixture.

But it should be borne in mind that the lighting must be connected with a separate branch of the power cable.

Wiring diagram for motion sensor for lighting with switch

If necessary, such a connection diagram can be supplemented with switches or of the usual type, however, it does not imply the allocation of any separate lighting device already connected to the switch.

The characteristic color coding of the wires of the motion sensors allows you to quickly install it in a typical scheme.

Some cases involve the inclusion of several recording devices in the circuits at the same time, for example, if each device does not have a sufficient range of capabilities. Then all motion sensors must be fixed on one phase and make their connection parallel, and changing the connection principle will lead to a short circuit.

However, it is often required to apply a circuit with the ability to forcibly turn off the device and a switch, it is also installed in parallel with the motion sensor, which will help not to depend on the period of time after which the lighting device will turn off.

Rules for installing the switch in the circuit

Installation in the circuit of the switch is carried out from phase to part of the wire that runs from the sensor to the luminaire. Then, if the contact in the switch is interrupted, the circuit will work in normal mode, and if it is closed, then the lighting device should function, ignoring the recording device.

Most often, such schemes are used in residential premises, while on street lamps or in entrances, the standard version of connecting motion sensors to an electrical circuit is used.

Types of lighting fixtures equipped with automatic actuation devices

In addition, living quarters are often equipped with motion-sensing lamps that can be triggered automatically, for example:

• LED sources with built-in motion sensors are industrially produced, which, in addition to efficiency and ease of use, endows "smart" LED lighting with additional advantages;
• energy-saving lamps can also be equipped with devices that respond to movement, and can save more than half of energy costs, however, these light sources are sensitive to changes in operating modes and require frequent replacement.
• fluorescent light sources equipped with motion sensors are successfully used in large rooms and are easy to install, but the installation of such equipment is quite expensive, therefore experts recommend purchasing and installing automatic shutdown mechanisms separately from lighting devices of this principle of operation.
• halogen lighting devices with built-in motion sensors are widely used, helping to equip the ceiling areas of rooms with automatic light sources.

Selecting the mounting location and setting the sensor

Logically, the sensor that regulates the lighting should be located where movement is most often observed or in those spaces where it is difficult to use the switch. However, if the operation of such devices is not associated with switches, then they are mounted at the highest points of the walls, and in an open area, for example, in front of the entrance to the house, above the door.

In addition, the correct operation of the sensor requires regular maintenance of the device, since the presence of dust and dirt affects the reaction of the photocells.

Setting the operating mode of motion detecting devices

Setting up the operation of the motion sensors does not present any particular difficulties. So the cases of such devices are equipped with special levers:

• the first is a rotary mechanism that adjusts the time of switching on and off the light source, allowing you to extend the illumination of the space up to 10 minutes;
• the second is a lever that helps to adjust the operation of the sensor in the daytime when no additional lighting is required.

However, the sensor device provides for the inclusion of spotlights or lamps if the illumination during the daytime is insufficient.

Optimal placement and adjustment of motion sensors

The connection diagram of the stationary device provides for a special hinge that allows you to optimally adjust the viewing angle and gripping area of ​​the scanning element. Therefore, it is recommended to place such devices on the walls or ceilings of rooms.

Ceiling units explore areas in a conical shape, like a multibeam barrier that completely encompasses all walls of small rooms. However, for the work of "smart" lighting outside the home, it is more rational to use wall devices, the range of capture of which is much wider. They are connected in an open space, placed at a height of at least two meters, connected to lighting fixtures, such as lanterns, in corners or above the door system in order to set the main source higher.

In addition, if there are pets in the house, it is better to mount motion sensors in such a way that the pets do not fall within the radius of their operation, that is, higher from the floor. In addition to the installation methods, this problem can be solved by a device equipped with an adjustable sensitivity level, and, despite the fact that such models are not a budget option for this equipment, they allow you to select objects to which the sensor will respond. However, such a device will require repeated adjustments.

Correct operation of motion sensors, regardless of their capabilities and design features, does not exclude seasonal equipment reconfiguration due to changes in air temperature and reconnection of the device.

Types of devices for automatically turning on lighting

Automatic light switches with motion sensors are usually divided into several types:

• by the way of control, for example: automatic, with the requirement of shutdown and remote;
• by the range of coverage of the area at a distance of 8 to 12 meters;
• by coverage spectrum;
• by the way they are connected to the circuit, the sensors are able to control lighting devices both from one place and from different points;
• types of execution;
• according to the principles of work.

This allows you to choose the most suitable equipment, which allows you to fully ensure the solution of the tasks set, rationally distributing financial costs.

Methods for adjusting the functioning of motion sensors

Regardless of the type of device, the principle of operation of automatic light switches is the same. However, there are also more complicated versions, such as the MW-700 and MW-703 devices, the appearance of one of them is shown below.

In addition to the ability to scan the presence of people in the surrounding space, a time relay and a light sensor are built into the device. The latter allows you to add significant savings by blocking the inclusion of light during the day, when it is already light, and turning on the lamp is not required.

From the moment a signal arrives at the motion sensor, after a moment, the light source is switched on, provided that the level of natural light is not enough. Some time after motion detection stops, the load is disconnected.

The device is able to control loads up to 1000 W. Configuring the device comes down to the selection of three parameters:

• range, measured in meters, which is essentially sensitivity;
• shutdown time (6-720 seconds);
• the threshold of the light sensor (5–2000 lux), which is selected for the minimum required illumination level.

The optimal choice of settings allows you to select the required operating mode and prevent unnecessary energy consumption.

Conclusion

This article examined motion sensors and how they work. When installing, take into account range and viewing angle of each sensor. Above were given connection diagrams, in the implementation of which it is required to follow the installation rules.After placing the sensors in their places, you should configure them, as well as check their functionality.

Video