Electric planers
Electric hand planers (GOST 8306 - 86) are designed for planing wood in the manufacture of various wooden structures.
Electric planers are manufactured for use in temperate climates: version V, category 2, protection class II.
Electric planers are powered from the network alternating current voltage 220 V and frequency 50 Hz. The presence of double insulation ensures safe operation of the operator and eliminates the use of grounding and a protective-switching device.
The electric planer IE-5701B is produced in two modifications: for industrial and household use. Electric planers for industrial use are prohibited from being included in a lighting installation. electrical network due to the creation of additional radio interference that exceeds the standards established for household equipment. In electric planers for domestic use, an additional capacitor is installed in the filter to suppress radio interference.
The design of the electric planer allows for smooth adjustment of the planing depth from 0 to 2 mm with fixation of the set position.
Rice. 1. Electric planer IE-5701B
1 – front movable support; 2 – body; 3- mechanism for adjusting the planing depth; 4 - extra hands oyatka; 5 – electric motor; 6 – switch trigger; 7 – clamp; 8 - main handle; 9 - protective tube; 10 - belt tension mechanism; 11 – knife; 12 – cutter; 13 – drive pulley; 14 - armature shaft; 15 – belt; 16 – cutter shaft; 17 – driven pulley
Design of the electric planer IE-5701B (Fig. 1). The electric planer consists of a single-phase commutator motor, flat-belt drive, cutter with inserted flat knives, planing depth adjustment mechanism, electric planer body, handle, front movable support, power supply cable with plug.
The electric motor housing is attached to the electric planer body. Double insulation of the electric planer is carried out due to the plastic housing and the insulation of the armature shaft of the electric motor. Cooling of the electric motor occurs due to the fan sucking air through the slots of the cover, passing it through the electric motor and throwing it out through the windows of the intermediate panel.
The cutting element of an electric planer is a milling cutter with two flat knives secured with a wedge and bolts. The cutter rotates in two ball bearings pressed into the body and cover of the electric planer. The rotation of the cutter occurs from an electric motor using a belt drive. The belt drive consists of a drive and driven pulleys connected by an endless belt 2 mm thick and 15 mm wide.
The planing depth of 0-2 mm is adjusted by turning the additional handle, as a result of which the movable support moves along the guides of the electric planer body.
The electric motor, main and additional handles are mounted on common plate. By moving the plate with adjusting screws, the drive belt tension is adjusted. The belt deflection should be within 2-4 mm.
The main handle contains a switch with a lock and a device for suppressing radio interference.
The design of the IE-5708 electric planer provides the ability to smoothly adjust the planing depth from 0 to 3 mm with fixation of the set position and the possibility of stationary installation.
The design of the IE-5708 electric planer (Fig. 2) is similar to that of the IE-5701B electric planer.
The operating principle of electric planers. The torque from the electric motor shaft through the drive pulley with the help of a belt for conoidal gears is transmitted to the driven pulley mounted on the cutter shaft, as a result of which the cutter receives rotation and with protruding flat knives, when the electric planer moves forward, it performs planing in the cutting strip, cutting the wood with knives to a given depth.
Rice. 2. Electric planer IE-5708
1 - mechanism for adjusting the planing depth; 2 - additional hand; 3 - planing depth indicator; 4 - body; 5 - electric motor;
handle-indicator of planing depth; 4 - body; 5 - electric motor; 6 - clamp; 7 - switch; « - main handle; 9 - rubber tube; 10 - fixed support (rear ski); 11 - flat belt drive cover; 12 - drive pulley; 13 - strap; 14 - strap tension mechanism with tension roller; 15- cutter; 16 - knife; 77 - driven pulley; 18 - front movable support
Checking the serviceability and preparing electric planers for work. After long-term storage, it is necessary to check the condition of the motor commutator. To do this, you need to remove the motor cover from the commutator side.
If there are oxides or blackening of the collector, it is necessary to clean:
- turning the armature by the blades of the electric motor fan, wipe the collector through the windows with a cloth soaked in white spirit or gasoline and blow with air;
- if the sparking does not disappear, clean the commutator with sanding paper and then blow it out thoroughly compressed air to remove conductive dust;
- close the lid and turn the electric planer on idle to run in the brushes for 2-3 minutes.
When receiving an electric planer from a warehouse and preparing it for work, check:
- compliance of voltage and frequency of current in the network with the passport data of the electric planer;
- reliability of fastening of parts and tightening of threaded connections (fastenings are tightened when the electric planer is disconnected from the network);
- insulation condition and serviceability of the current supply cable;
- clear operation of the switch through several repeated switching on at idle;
- smooth rotation of the cutter by turning it by hand;
- correct fastening of the knives (if correct sharpening and when installing the blade of the knives, when turning the cutter, the entire edge should touch the working edge of the ruler, pressed against the stationary support of the electric planer);
- belt tension (the required tension is set by turning the tension roller after removing the cover and loosening the roller mounting screws);
- presence of vibration during idle starts (in case of vibration, it is necessary to check the mass of the knives with fastening parts - the difference in mass should not exceed 0.5 g);
- setting the required planing depth by turning the additional handle to the appropriate scale division;
- installation (if necessary) of a cutter for removing the fold, for which it is necessary to turn the protective strip of the cutter by 180° and fix it.
If no faults are found, and those found are eliminated and adjustment work is carried out to prepare for certain operations, you can begin to work.
Before starting work, the material being processed should be cleared of nails and other objects, foreign inclusions should be removed and dirt should be removed.
To operate the electric planer in a stationary position, you should rotate it 180° and secure it on a workbench or table using the included accessories.
Techniques and procedures for performing work. The material prepared for planing is fixed on a workbench. The electric planer is plugged into the mains with a plug and grasped with the right hand by the main handle, and with the left hand by the additional handle. The electric motor is turned on and fixed immediately before lowering the electric planer onto the material being processed (Fig. 3, a).
Planing is carried out by uniformly moving the electric planer along the fibers of the wood being processed at a speed of about 3 m/min. If the width of the wood being processed exceeds the width of the knives, the second and subsequent passes for planing are made.
If the electric motor stops or the cutter stops rotating during operation, it is necessary to turn off the electric motor and disconnect the electric planer from the network with a plug and eliminate the malfunction.
During the work process, it is necessary to monitor the serviceability of the electric planer, checking the presence of sparks in the commutator brushes, the degree of heating of the electric motor housing, the degree of tightening of bolts and other threaded connections, avoid overloading the electric motor, protect it from impacts and damage, follow the rules for protecting the cable from damage, and also labor safety requirements.
When using a stationary electric planer, the material being processed moves evenly along the base of the body and the front support to the cutter, while the material must be held so that your hands are not above the cutter. When planing short bars and at the end of planing long ones, be sure to use an additional bar to press and advance the material being processed. The worker should always be to the left of the electric planer, and not behind the material being processed.
Rice. 3. Planing with an electric planer (a, b)
An important condition for ensuring normal planing of wood is sharpening the knives. Sharpening is carried out only along the back surface of the knife at an angle of 40°±2°, avoiding overheating and the appearance of discoloration. To avoid annealing the knife during sharpening, it must be periodically cooled with water or a special emulsion. To extend the life of the knife, you need to remove the minimum required layer of metal when sharpening. The cutting edges of knives must be straight and sharp.
After finishing the work, the electric planer is disconnected from the network using a plug, cleaned of chips and dust, the current supply cable is wiped with a rag, the entire set is placed in a case and put into storage. If malfunctions are detected during operation, the electric planer is taken to a repair shop. The workplace is also kept in order. Processed and unprocessed materials are placed separately in stacks or designated areas, garbage, shavings and trimmings are removed to the designated place.
Safety measures when performing work. The presence of rotating sharp knives and electrical equipment in an electric planer requires strict compliance with occupational safety requirements. Violation of instructions and operating rules can lead to accidents and incidents.
Periodic technical services, detection and elimination of minor faults and repair of electric planes are carried out by specialists with a safety qualification group of at least III.
When working with an electric planer, the following rules must be observed:
- monitor the serviceability of the insulation of the current supply cable and the reliability of connecting its ends to the switch;
- adjustments, replacement of knives and troubleshooting can only be done after disconnecting the electric planer from the power supply with a plug;
- during a break in work, when moving from one place to another, at the end of work or a shift, disconnect the electric planer from the network;
- do not allow the cable to twist, as well as laying the cable through access roads and in places where materials are stored; in extreme cases, the cable must be reliably protected from damage by hanging it or covering it with boards;
- do not allow cable tension when working or moving with an electric planer from one place to another;
- do not allow the motor housing to overheat above 60 °C;
- if the current supply is interrupted or moving parts become jammed during operation, the electric planer must be disconnected from the network;
- the electric planer should be turned on immediately before starting work;
the material intended for planing must be securely fastened;
when using a stationary electric planer, the material being processed should be held so that your hands are not above the cutter;
- when planing short beams, you should definitely use an additional block of wood to press and push the material, and the worker should always be to the left of the electric planer, and not behind the material being processed.
Safety rules prohibit: working with an electric planer in rooms with an explosive or chemically active environment that destroys metals and insulation, in conditions of drops and splashes, as well as in open areas during rain and snowfall; ground the electric planer;
leave the electric planer connected to the power supply unattended;
transfer the electric plane for operation (at least temporarily) to other persons who do not have the right to use it, disassemble it and repair it on their own;
direct contact of the cable with hot* and oily surfaces.
Operation of the electric planer is prohibited if at least one of the following malfunctions occurs during operation:
- damage to the plug, cable or its protective tube;
- damage to the brush holder cover;
- unclear operation of the switch;
- sparking of brushes on the commutator, accompanied by the appearance of a circular fire on its surface;
- appearance of smoke or smell characteristic of burning insulation;
the appearance of increased noise, knocking, vibration;
- breakage or cracks in the body parts of the handle;
damage to knives.
To comply with hygienic standards for noise levels in the workplace, organizations operating electric planers must use construction and technical acoustics.
In the absence of such means, personal protective equipment should be used if the operating time of the electric planer exceeds 1 hour per shift.
The adjusted sound power level of the electric planer, taking into account the coefficient of intra-shift use, meets the requirements of GOST 12.1.003-83.
The vibration level of the electric planer is significantly lower than permissible according to GOST 17770-86.
Testing and inspection after repair and disassembly of the electric planer are carried out in a special repair shop.
Maintenance and lubrication of the electric plane are carried out in order to maintain the electric plane in technical condition and readiness for work.
There are two types of maintenance: daily and periodic.
Shift maintenance is carried out daily and includes cleaning the electric planer from shavings and dirt and wiping the cable with a rag after completion of work, tightening threaded connections and knife fastenings, checking and wiping the strap from grease, checking the serviceability of the insulation of the current-carrying cable, conducting an external inspection and identifying externally identifiable problems. malfunctions.
Periodic maintenance is carried out after 50 hours of operation of the electric planer, but at least once every 3 months.
Periodic maintenance includes:
- carrying out shift maintenance work;
inspection of brushes and, if necessary, replacement (brushes less than 9 mm long must be replaced);
- removal of coal dust from electric motor parts by blowing with compressed air;
- replacing the grease in the bearings in accordance with the lubrication chart when performing partial disassembly of the electric planer (grease No. 158 is used as the main lubricant, CIATIM-221 grease can be used).
The bearings of the electric motor, cutter and control roller must be lubricated.
When storing the electric planer for a long time in a warehouse, the metal parts are coated with a preservation lubricant.
TO Category: - Manual machines for construction work
Maximum milling width, mm 75 Maximum milling depth, mm 2 Cutting speed, m/s 34 Electric motor: type of current Single-phase voltage, V 220 power, W 370 Knife rotation speed, rpm 9500 Electric motor rotation speed, rpm 12000 Overall dimensions (length x 450 x width x height), mm 215x155 Weight, kg 6 Year of production 1976 The electric plane consists of a built-in electric motor, the rotor of which rotates in two ball bearings. At the end of the rotor shaft there is a drive pulley that drives the V-belt drive. The rotation of the knife drum (cutter) with two flat knives is carried out by means of a V-belt drive from the rotor shaft. The plane has a front (movable) and a rear panel (fixed) cast together with the body. A special mechanism lowers and raises the front ski, thereby adjusting the depth of milling (planing). The plane can be used as a semi-stationary machine by securing
Electrified tool for milling wood.
This includes manual electric planes (IE-5701A, IE-5708, IE-5707), designed for milling wood along the grain.
Specifications manual electric planers
| IE-5107A | IE-5708 | IE-5707A | |
| Maximum milling width, mm | 75 | 100 | 100 |
| Maximum milling depth, mm | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Cutting speed, m/s | 34 | 32 | 25 |
| Electric motor: | |||
| type of current: | Single phase | Three-phase | Three-phase |
| voltage, V | 220 | 220 | 220 |
| Power, W | 370 | 750 | 600 |
| Knife rotation speed, rpm | 9500 | ||
| Motor frequency, rpm | 1200 | ||
| Overall dimensions (length x width x height), mm | 450 x215x155 | 440x215x185 | 560 x210x195 |
| Weight, kg | 6 | 7.5 | 17 |
An electric planer consists of a built-in electric motor, the rotor of which rotates in two ball bearings. At the end of the rotor shaft there is a drive pulley that drives the V-belt drive. The rotation of the knife drum (cutter) with two flat knives is carried out by means of a V-belt drive from the rotor shaft. The plane has a front (movable) and a rear panel (fixed) cast together with the body. A special mechanism lowers and raises the front ski, thereby adjusting the depth of milling (planing). The plane can be used as a semi-stationary machine by securing it to a table or workbench with the panels up and installing a removable protective guard that protects your hands from getting on the drum (mill) with knives. Before work, check that the knives are sharpened and installed correctly. The blades of the knives should be released equally and be flush with the back panel (ski). The mass of the knives should also be the same. Before installation, the knives should be carefully sharpened and balanced so that the knife shaft (drum) rotates without runout. The sharpening angle of the knives should be 40-42°. The knives must be firmly attached to the shaft, and cutting edge should protrude 1 - 1.5 mm beyond cylindrical surface drum, and the blade of the knives must be strictly parallel to the axis of the drum (shaft).
Electric planer:
1 - casing covering the belt drive, 2 - mobile support, 3 - ring, 4, 7 - handles, 5 - cutter, b - electric motor, 8 - fixed support, 9 - cutters, 10 - wedge, 11 - fastening bolt, 12 -screws
They work with an electric planer as follows. Connect the plug to the network, pull the trigger, and turn on the electric motor. When the blade shaft reaches the desired rotation speed, the electric planer is lowered onto the material being processed, mounted on a workbench or table. Materials to be processed must be free of dust, dirt, and snow. The electric planer must be moved forward slowly so that when it comes into contact with the wood there is no sharp push, evenly, without much force on the handle. The effort of the worker should be expended only on advancing the electric planer. When processing wood of medium hardness, the feed speed should be 1.5-2 m/min. When working, the electric planer is moved along the material in a straight line, without distortions, making sure that shavings and sawdust do not get under the panels (skis). After the first pass (if it is necessary to start processing along or in an area next to the processed one), the electric motor is turned off and, with the electric planer turned off, returned to its original position, after which the electric motor is turned on and started working again. During breaks, the electric planer is turned off and placed with its panels (skis) up or placed on its side.
Electric Shaper
IE-5601A:
1 - chain, 2 - guide column with spring, 3 - shield, 4 - electric motor, 5 - casing, 6 - lever device(handle), 7-screw, 8-guide ruler, 9-base
When the plane vibrates, check the balancing of the knives, as well as the play in the drum bearings. If you receive an unclean processing surface, you need to check the sharpness of the knives and clean the plane from shavings. When working with an electric planer, it is necessary to ensure that live parts are reliably protected from accidental contact with them. All electrical connections must be properly insulated. The power cable should not be laid with large bends. Electric chiselling machines are designed for mechanized chiselling. They choose rectangular sockets, grooves, etc. The cutting tool of electric shapers is a continuous slotting chain, which is a set of links (cutters) hingedly connected. The manual electric slotter IE-5601A has a built-in asynchronous electric motor with a squirrel-cage rotor, in which a drive sprocket is mounted at the end of the rotor shaft, driving a cutting chain stretched on a guide bar. The depth of chiselling is controlled by a stroke limiter. The head with the chain moves along guide columns installed on the base. The chain is tensioned by moving it using a stop screw and a ruler. The head lowers when you press the lever device - the handle, and rises automatically by means of springs (cylindrical). Depending on the size of the selected holes, set the required size of the ruler and chain. The width of the groove obtained in one pass is equal to the width of the chain, and the length of the groove is the width of the guide ruler plus double the width of the chain. For making grooves different sizes an appropriate set of chains and rulers is required. By cutting a series of successive slots in a straight line, a groove of the required length can be formed. The depth of the selected hole is regulated by a stroke limiter installed on right size. When the head is lowered, it rests against the base. Before starting work, you need to sharpen the chain well, then put it on the sprocket and ruler of the electric shaper. The electric cutter is installed so that the circuit is located above the socket that is selected. The material or part being processed is placed on the table and firmly secured. It is prohibited to work with an electric shaper if the part is not secured or is suspended.
Technical characteristics of electric shapers
| IE-5601A | IE-5604 | IE-5606 | |
| Dimensions of selected grooves, mm | 8x40x100 12x60x160 16x60x160 20x60x160 |
8x40x125 12x40x125 16x40x125 20x55x150 5,3-9,3 |
I E-5606 8x40x125 12x40x150 16x40x150 20x55x150 |
| Cutting speed, m/s | 6,1 | 5,3-9,3 | 5,3-7,3 |
| Feed speed, m/min | 0,5 | 0,22 | |
| Electric motor: type | |||
| type of current | Asynchronous | Asynchronous-variable | Asynchronous |
| current frequency, Hz | 50 | 50 | 50 |
| voltage, V | 220 | 220 | 220 |
| power, kWt | 0,8 | 0,8 | 0,8 |
| Overall dimensions (length x width x height) | 300x505 | 295x960 | 350x450 |
| Weight, kg | 16,2 | 10 | 13 |
Hand drilling machines. For drilling with electric drilling machines, twist drills are mainly used. Before work, the machine is carefully inspected and checked, after which a drill is inserted into the chuck and firmly secured, and then the electric motor is turned on by pressing the trigger. 8 run idle for 1-2 minutes; If the electric motor is working normally, start working. When drilling holes, the pressure should be uniform; when making through holes at the end of drilling, the pressure should be slightly loosened to avoid jamming. When working with a drill with a diameter of up to 9 mm, the feed speed should be no more than 0.7 m/min.
For drilling wood and assembly work, in addition to electrical ones, pneumatic drilling machines IP-1019, IP-1020, IP-1022, driven by compressed air, are used. An IE-360B electric screwdriver is used to tighten screws, screws, bolts and nuts. It consists of a built-in electric motor, impact mechanism, gearbox, spindle and handle. Rotation from the electric motor is transmitted to the spindle through a two-stage gearbox and a dog clutch, consisting of two coupling halves (driver and driven). When not in operation, both coupling halves are disconnected. When pressing on the electric screwdriver, their cams engage and the screwdriver begins to rotate along with the spindle. The fastening of the working tool in the spindle is ensured by a ball lock. For ease of operation when screwing in screws, the hole is equipped with a catcher. Largest diameter screw thread 6mm, spindle speed 800 min. Weight (without cable) 2.3 kg.
Electric drilling machine:
1 - spindle, 2 - ball bearings, 3 - gear wheels of a two-stage gearbox, 4 - gear on the motor shaft, 5 - electric motor, 6 - handle, 7 - switch, 8 - power supply cable
Hand-held electric and pneumatic grinders are used for cleaning surfaces with sandpaper. The machines have a rectangular or disk grinding pad. During operation, the rectangular platform makes reciprocating linear or vibrating elliptical movements. The stroke size of the platform is 5-10mm, the number of strokes is up to 5000 per minute. The dimensions of the platforms are 50-80x 100-200 mm. The rotation speed of the disk of machines with a disk platform is 6000 rpm. Disc diameters 100-200 mm. The working surfaces of the platform and disk are usually covered with felt, on top of which sandpaper is attached. When grinding, the working surface of the pad or disk must adhere to the entire area of the surface being processed. Sand the surface by lightly pressing the sandpaper onto the surface to be treated. The disadvantage of disk machines is the unequal grinding speed from zero in the center to maximum at the edge, as well as the arc-shaped nature of the marks left by the abrasive grains of the sandpaper. The SKD-1 circular saw is designed for longitudinal sawing of wood materials.
Mechanized tool for sanding and stripping wood:
a - electric vibration Grinder, b-machine with grinding wheel, c-belt sander, g-disc sander
The machine is equipped with interlocks that prevent operation of the machine with the guards and doors open and the automatic feeder raised or set aside.
The frame contains a saw unit, a saw drive motor and a hopper with a rotating bottom. There is a rectangular hole in the side wall of the frame, closed by a side hopper. The bins are designed to direct the waste generated during sawing into the collection.
The saw table of the machine is bolted to the frame. A saw unit and a riving knife are installed on its lower surface. The table has a transverse groove for moving the guide ruler. Setting the ruler to the required width of the sawn workpiece is done according to the scale marked on the end of the table. The ruler is secured in the required position using a bolt with a handle.
When working on the machine, you need to set the automatic feeder on the scale (on the wall of the electrical cabinet) to the appropriate thickness of the material being processed and fix it in this position. Using the scale, set the guide ruler to the appropriate width of the workpiece to be sawn and secure it in this position. If the handle interferes with the passage of the workpiece, washers of appropriate thickness should be placed under it.
Circular saw:
/ - bed, 2 - automatic material feed mechanism, 3 - saw table, 4 - guide ruler, 5, 6, 7 - handles, 8 - cabinet with electrical equipment, 9 - electrical panel fence, 10 - hopper
Vertical drilling table machine 2M112:
1 - base, 2 - work table, 3 - vice, 4 - chuck, 5 - feed handle, 6 - spindle headstock, 7 - belt tension adjustment screw, 8 - driven pulley, 9 - V-belt, 10 - column, 11 - casing, protective, 12- drive pulley, 13- sub-motor plate, 14- clamping lever, 15- spindle headstock fixing handle, 16- electric motor, 17- spindle headstock moving handwheel handle, 18- bracket, 19- support platform, 20 - lamp, 21 - input switch, 22 - start of right rotation, 23 - start of left rotation, 24 - "Stop" button
The 2M112 vertical drilling machine is technically more advanced than machines of the NS-12 type, although it is somewhat more complex in design. It is characterized by increased reliability and precision in operation, as well as improved aesthetic and ergonomic parameters.
The 2M112 machine is designed for drilling holes with a diameter of up to 12 mm, reaming them and countersinking, as well as cutting threads in workpieces made of cast iron, steel, non-ferrous metals, wood and plastics.
The jointing and sawing machine “Umelets” is designed for various processing wood products at home. The machine is equipped with one spindle, on which replaceable cutting tools are alternately mounted, depending on the operations performed. The bed is a frame of a welded structure, equipped with stiffening ribs. The knife shaft of the jointing and planing head is mounted in two bearing housings and is driven into rotation by an electric motor through a V-belt drive located inside the frame. The machine is controlled from the start buttons located on the front wall of the bed. The design features include a high number of revolutions of the cutting tool, which ensures good roughness of the processed surfaces, vertical adjustment of the front receiving table, which allows you to adjust the thickness of the chips when planing, an emery wheel makes it possible to sharpen the knives of the cutting head and other household tools. A special drum equipped with sandpaper allows you to grind manufactured parts and clean other metal products.
FPN “Umeley” machine and accessories supplied with it:
U - jointing head, 2 - receiving rear jointing table, 3 - electric motor guard, 4 - guide ruler with brackets and threaded buttons, 5 - wooden overlay for cutting a quarter, 6 - wooden overlay for removing a tongue (groove), 1 - saw guard with a riving knife, i-saw for longitudinal sawing, 9-saw for transverse (end) sawing, 10-grinding drum, 11-mill, 12-v-belt, 13-carriage for removing the box tenon, 14-movable jointer guard, 15 - guard for the grinding (sharpening) wheel, 16 - grinding (sharpening) wheel, 17 - planer guard overlay, 18 - knives of the jointing head (4, of which 2 are installed on the machine), 19 - guard for the grinding (sharpening) wheel for sharpening the knives of the jointer heads, 20 - engine with a rotating base angle, 21 - device for sharpening the knives of the jointing head, 22 - front adjustable jointing table, 23 - saw table
The machine is equipped special devices and devices that allow it to produce whole line operations. The operating instructions, which are included with the device, describe the operating procedures for cutting, milling and drilling lumber, turning and sharpening tools. At the same time, the sequence of setup and configuration, the rules for operating the device, safe conditions work. The woodworking machine IE-6009 is a compact desktop portable device and is intended for sawing wood along and across the grain, planing along the grain, drilling and milling wood in everyday life (except for residential premises). The combined desktop machine SKN-1M is designed for longitudinal milling (jointing and planing) to a given thickness, sawing, drilling, turning wooden parts and tool sharpening. It can be used not only at home, but also in repair shops.
The machine bed consists of two sidewalls connected to each other by ties. An electric motor, a lifting thicknesser table, a knife shaft, and a condensate block are fixed inside the frame. On the top of the frame there are front and rear jointing tables and a table for basing parts during sawing and drilling.
The work tables are made of steel sheet, the front planing table and sidewalls are cast. All working tools of the machine have reliable guards. The machine is compact, reliable and easy to maintain.
The greatest thickness of the processed material when planing is 60 mm, the smallest is 6 mm.
Combined desktop machine SKN-1M
The maximum thickness of the removed layer is 3 mm. The maximum width of the processed material when milling is 250 mm, when thicknessing - 230 mm. The thickness of the processed material during thicknessing is 6 m 60 mm. Maximum thickness removal layer 3 mm. The maximum thickness of the processed material when sawing is 100mm. The largest diameter of drilling and milling is 14 mm, and the depth is 80 mm. The largest diameter of the workpiece processed during turning is 100 mm. The largest saw diameter is 360 mm. The length of the working surface of the saw table is 600 mm, width -365 mm. Possible angle sawing up to 25°. The number of revolutions of the knife shaft is 3500 min-1. The rotation speed of the saw is 1500 min-1. The rotation speed of the drill, grinding wheel cutter is 3500 min-1. The length of the machine is 780 mm, the width is 500 mm, the height is 610 mm. The weight of the machine is 130 kg. Production of joinery in a home workshop, as well as some carpentry work can be carried out using a small-sized woodworking machine (model SM-3), designed to perform various types of mechanical processing of wood. These operations include: longitudinal, end and at a certain angle sawing, cutting quarters and groove, as well as cutting out a straight box tenon. Using the machine, you can grind, polish and sharpen hand tool. When working on the machine, you need to know that the workpieces when sawing should be no more than 40 mm thick, 200 mm wide, and no less than 300 mm long.
The manual electric drilling machine with a set of attachments IE-6008 is designed for drilling holes with a diameter of up to 9 mm in wood, stone, medium-hard steel, cast iron, non-ferrous metals, plastic, brick, concrete, as well as for sawing wood, sharpening tools, grinding and polishing various surfaces and performing other similar work. The machine includes a manual electric drilling machine IE-1202A, a wood saw attachment IK-8606, a sharpening attachment IK-8210, a backing disc IK-8211 with polishing and grinding wheels.
Drilling machine IE-1202A:
1 - landing belt, 2 - spindle, 3 - gear housing, 4 - gearbox, 5 - gear shift mechanism, 6 - ball bearing of the rotor shaft, 7 - fan, 5 - rotor shaft, 9 - electric motor, 10 - commutator, II - trigger switch, 12- latch, 13- current supply cable, /4- protective rubber tube
The kit also includes a handle, clamp, chuck, stops, guide, guard, brushes, saw blades, bracket, clamp. The entire "set is placed in a case. The machine operates from an alternating current voltage of 220 V and a frequency of 50 Hz. By switching, the spindle can produce 940 and 2000 revolutions per minute. The spindle has outer cone Morse and square for switching the rotation of the spindle of the attachment. Drilling diameter 9 mm, power consumption 420 W, dimensions 275x70x 157 mm, weight (without chuck and handle) 1.85 kg.
Saw attachment:
1 - saw body, 2 - clamp, 3, 9 - wing screws, 4 - base, 5 - stop for parallel sawing, 6 - saw blade, 7 - guide, 8 - clamp, 10 - handle
Sawing on a saw attachment in a stationary position:
1-saw blade, 2 - guard, 3- stop for parallel sawing, 4- drilling machine IE-I202A, 5- clamp, 6- switch, 7- clamp, 8- saw base, 9- workbench, 10- saw handle, 11-scale sector for adjusting the depth of cut, 12-post for fastening the fence
The wood saw attachment consists of a stamped steel sheet base, body, handle and spindle on which the saw blade is mounted. The saw spindle rotates in sliding bearings - a bronze bushing pressed into the body neck. A clamp is placed on the body neck, through which the saw attachment is attached to the drilling machine. The saw attachment is attached to the workbench with a clamp. The saw body is attached to the base so that it can rotate in two planes, allowing you to adjust the depth of cut using a thumbscrew, as well as cut at an angle, which is fixed on the sector with a thumbscrew.
Sharpener attachment IK-8210:
1 - clamp, 2 - body, 3 - bracket, 4 - wing screw, 5 - protective casing frame, 6 - protective glass, 7 - abrasive wheel, 8 - tool rest, 9 - bracket, 10 - workbench, 11 - clamp, 12 - speed switch
For parallel sawing or sawing equal sections, a stop is used. For sawing materials at an angle, a guide is used, which is installed in a groove in the base. The saw attachment can be used as a stationary circular saw. To protect workers from injury, additional guards are installed. To reduce the scattering of chips by the air flow, a shield is installed in the groove of the base of the slab. For longitudinal and transverse sawing, saw blades with appropriate notches and tooth sharpening are used. Cutting depth 35 mm, diameter circular saw 125mm, saw blade angle 0-45°, dimensions: 310x230xx!58 mm, weight 1.6 kg.
Backing disc nozzle YK-8211:
1 - speed switch, 2 - spindle, 3 - rubber wheel, 4 - grinding wheel, 5 - washer, 6 - screw
The sharpener attachment is used for sharpening cutting tools: drills, saw blades for longitudinal sawing of wood, chisels, chisels, knives, planes, axes and other tools. Grinding wheel diameter 125 mm. The backing disk attachment is designed for polishing and grinding work and consists of a rubber wheel, a pin, a washer and a screw, with which the grinding wheel is secured. Disc diameter 125mm. Grinding is carried out with different-grained wheels, which are attached to a rubber disk. The rubber disc is screwed onto the spindle of the drilling machine. For polishing, a polishing cover with a fur bottom is put on the rubber wheel. When polishing surfaces, various pastes are used, while the machine is kept in a vertical position.
Design homemade machine based on a manual electric machine.
The machine is designed to process parts up to 100mm in length and up to 50mm in diameter. For long crafts, a counter support is provided; short parts can be clamped, like a console, into the chuck. In the design shown in the figure, a metal stand with a clamp is used as the main support. It is sold complete with some types hand drill to screw it to the workbench. First, a bottom board is fitted to this rack with a width equal to the size of the rack support (70mm), a length of about 170mm and a thickness of about 20mm. Then, through the hole in the rack below, the boundary of a similar hole on a wooden board is outlined with a pencil. The parts are tightened with a bolt and nut of the closest possible diameter to the hole (M10).
Design of a homemade machine:
1 - electric machine, 2 - stand with clamp, 3 - chuck, 4 - back board, 5 - side board, 6 - center screw, 7 - wing screw, 8 - support bar, 9 - bottom board, 10 - screw ? 11 – screw
To sharpen the tool on an electric drilling machine, place an emery disc on an axle with a diameter of up to 9 mm. Such an axis can be made from a bolt, for example, from which the head is sawed off. In tool stores there are abrasive fingers designed specifically for sharpening and processing tools. They are very convenient for working with a drill. In the same way, you can arrange grinding and polishing discs on an electric machine. Grinding machine SZSH-1 designed for sharpening hand tools carpentry tools with straight (plane knives, chisel blades) and curved (Scherhebel knife) cutting edge, mechanical jointer knives 75-140 mm long, cutters for lathe woodworking, as well as metalworking tools and drills. An electric motor is mounted on the frame, the axis of which is rotated to the right by 0.5-1.5°. A grinding wheel attachment unit with a supplied grinding wheel is attached to the electric motor shaft. Sharpening and finishing of the tool is carried out by manual transverse and longitudinal movement of the feed unit. Knot cross feed consists of a guide located on two columns, which moves using a worm gear installed inside the frame. A dial is installed at the end of the worm shaft, with the help of which the transverse feed is carried out. The longitudinal feed unit consists of a holder for securing the tool to be sharpened, which is mounted on a mandrel. The mandrel is attached to the posts, which are installed on the guide of the cross-feed unit. The unit holder has a bracket with two screw clamps for securing the tool to be sharpened. The holder also has a handle for moving it along the mandrel. For radius sharpening of the tool, there is a hole on the holder through which an attachment for sharpening a Scherhebel knife is attached. The holder has a tool rest for sharpening metalwork tools (drills, cutters, etc.).
Grinding machine C3LLJ-I:
1 - bed, 2 - electric motor, 3 - damper, 4 - grinding wheel, 5 - protective casing, 6 - front screen, 7 - local lighting lamp, 8 - holder, 9 - tool rest, 10 - slider, 11 - longitudinal feed handle , 12-waste catcher, 13-frame, 14-power cross-feed screw, 15-handles of the cross-feed mechanism, 16-magnetic starter, 17-switch, 18-clamping screws, 19-locking screw
For radius sharpening of the tool, there is a hole on the holder through which an attachment for sharpening a Scherhebel knife is attached. The holder has a tool rest for sharpening metalwork tools (drills, cutters, etc.). The grinding wheel is covered with a protective casing, which has a protective screen made of transparent material and a flap on the left side. Sharpening work on the SZSh-I machine can be divided into three types: using a holder, using a radius attachment, sharpening from a tool rest. Using the holder, flat blades of woodworking tools with a straight cutting edge are processed - cutters of hand 9/17 planes and jointers, plates of a mechanical jointer, chisels, chisels, etc. Before you start sharpening, you need to move the machine slide to the extreme left position. Secure the tool with a U-shaped bracket and clamping screws so that the edge intended for chamfering is located parallel to the working end of the grinding wheel at a distance of 1-2 mm from it. After this, turn on the main switch and press the “Start” button to turn on the machine. Then, smoothly rotating the cross-feed handle with your left hand, you should bring the edge of the tool until it lightly touches the rotating grinding wheel and, without cross-feed, make two or three longitudinal movements of the tool along the working end of the grinding wheel with your right hand.
Methods for securing knives on the SZSh-1 machine:
a - knife for a plane, b - knife for a scherhebel, c - knife for a mechanical jointer
Further sharpening work is carried out through smooth manipulations with transverse and longitudinal feeds. It is important to remember that the lower the transverse feed, the greater the guarantee against the possibility of tempering the hardened edge of the tool blade. At the slightest sign of heat on the edge, the tool should be quickly removed from the grinding wheel to allow it to cool. When the tool becomes very hot, the holder is moved to the extreme left position, the machine is disconnected from the network, and the tool removed from the slide is cooled in water. At the end of the work, the tool, freed from the clamp, is removed from the holder, and the burr formed on the edge of the chamfer is carefully removed manually using a fine-grained abrasive stone. The attachment for radius sharpening is designed to obtain a spherical chamfer on the cutting edge of the tool. To install the attachment, the slider is released from the clamping bracket (holder) and knurled clamping screws. The axis of the attachment is inserted into the central hole of the slide and is fixed with a screw on its back side. After making sure that the attachment rotates easily (without play), it is necessary to move the slider so that the axial visual line of the attachment is opposite the middle of the working plane of the grinding wheel. In this position, the holder is secured against longitudinal movement (longitudinal feed is not needed in this case) with a locking screw. The tool to be sharpened (for example, a Scherhebel cutter) is inserted into the groove of the attachment and secured in it with one of the knurled clamping screws. In this case, the edge of the tool should protrude 35-37 mm from the center of the attachment. The radius sharpening process is similar to straight edges. Instead of longitudinal feed right hand produces smooth pendulum movements using the handle of the attachment. The amplitude of hand movement must be sufficient to completely pass the chamfer being sharpened along the plane of the circle.
Sharpening machine ETSh-1:
1 - screen, 2 - grinding wheel, 3~ protective cover, 4 - tool rest, 5 - sharpening waste collection tray, 6 - bed, 7 - button post, 8 - package switch, 9 - control panel, 10 - cooling bath, 11 - electric motor, 12 - local lighting lamp
Sharpening from a tool rest is used when performing processing operations various types figured tools, both metalworking (drills, cores, markings, etc.) and carpentry (moulders, fillets, figured planes, etc.). When working with a tool rest on a machine, the holder slide is moved to the extreme right position and, since longitudinal feed is unnecessary, it is fixed in this position with a locking screw (similar to radius sharpening). The gap between the leading edge of the rest and work surface The grinding wheel is installed (selected) by moving the support frame due to the cross-feed mechanism. It should not be more than 3 mm. On the machine ETSh-1 you can sharpen cutters for screw-cutting lathes, refill chisel blades, renew the cutting edges of spiral drill diameter up to 12 mm, sharpened marking tool(punch punches, scribers, compass legs, thicknesser needles, etc.), sharpen carpentry tools. The electric motor of the machine is asynchronous type 4A63 A2UZ with a power of 0.37 kW, shaft rotation speed is 3000 rpm, supply voltage is 220/380 V; PP type grinding wheel with electrocorundum, wheel diameter - 150, thickness 20mm, peripheral speed - 35 m/s, machine length - 415 mm, width - 420, height - 310 mm (excluding lamp extension), machine weight without packaging - 25 kg, and per package - 50 kg. The machine is fixed to floor stand or a wall bracket with plan dimensions of 400 x 500 mm. Its base should be at a height of 700 mm from the floor level. Great value for safe work on the machine has control over the integrity of the grinding wheel and the correctness of its installation. Reliable fixation of the grinding wheel on the electric motor shaft is ensured by the design of the fastening unit. Checking the grinding wheel for cracks is carried out as follows: hang it on a strong thread and in this position tap it on the side surface with a mallet ( wooden hammer) weighing 200-300 g. A circle without cracks should produce a clear sound.
Mechanized wood processing is carried out using hand-held electrified tools.— electric planer IE-5708, IE-5701A, IE-5707A.
The IE-5701A electric planer consists of an electric motor that drives the blade shaft through a V-belt drive. The supporting surfaces of the plane are the front movable and rear fixed panels (skis). Two knives are attached to the knife shaft.
In the handle, with the help of which the plane moves along the surface being processed, there is a trigger. The milling depth is adjusted up to 2 mm using a wedge and screws. Milling width 75 mm. The rotation speed of the knife shaft is 12,000 rpm (200 s -1). The plane is vibration-proof, that is, it is not subject to vibration during operation.
1 - front handle,
2 - cover,
3 - electric motor,
4 - body,
5 - handle with trigger switch,
6 — panel (ski),
7 - belt drive.
Before work, you need to check that the knives are sharpened and installed correctly. The blades of the knives should be equally extended by 1... 1.5 mm and be flush with the fixed back panel. The mass of the knives should be the same.
The knives must be firmly attached to the knife shaft. The sharpening angle of the knives should be 40…42°. The electric planer must be grounded; it can only be corrected or adjusted after disconnecting from the power supply.
They work with an electric planer as follows. Connect the plug to the network, then turn on the electric motor by pressing the trigger and, when the blade shaft reaches the desired rotation speed, the electric planer is carefully lowered onto the material being processed.
The electric planer must be fed slowly so that when it comes into contact with the wood there is no sharp push, evenly, without much force on the handle.
The effort of the worker should be expended only on advancing the electric planer. The electric planer is moved along the material in a straight line without distortions, making sure that shavings and sawdust do not get under the panels.
"Carpentry and glass work"
L.N.Kreindlin
Shallow holes for screws are drilled with a gimlet (Fig. 28, d) with a diameter of 2...10 mm. Holes for dowels and bolts in parts are selected with drills. They also use them to drill out knots and then seal the holes with plugs. The drill consists of a shank, a rod, a cutting part and elements for removing chips. Using feather drills (GOST 7467 - 75) (Fig. 28, e) select holes for dowels of different...
Deep through holes are drilled according to the markings on both sides of the part. Before the drill exits to the other side, the pressure on the pressure head of the brace must be slightly loosened so that no spalling, flake, etc. is formed. When working, make sure that the axis of rotation of the brace or electric drilling machine coincides with the axis of the hole. Poor quality drilling results in defects...
After sawing, the workpieces have risks, roughness, and warping. All these defects are eliminated by planing. In addition, when planing, the workpieces are given the required form. Planing is the operation of cutting wood with knives, in which the cutting trajectory is a straight line, coinciding with the direction of the working movement. The wood is planed by hand or milled with a power tool. The plane is a wooden body 1, into which a knife 5 is inserted...
During repairs, worn parts of tools are replaced with new ones, made from the same types of wood as the old ones, with a humidity of (10 ± 2)%. As a result of constant friction against the surface of the wood being processed, the soles of the plane bodies wear out. The front part of the sole suffers the most wear. The amount of wear on the housing sole is checked in assembled form. measuring instrument. To level the plane of the base of the body from a plane, jointer...
Scherhebel is used for initial rough planing along, across and at an angle to the wood fibers. After planing with Sherhebel, the surface of the wood is uneven, with traces of grooves in the form of grooves. This is because the knife blade is oval shaped. During operation, the knife is released up to 3 mm. Sherhebel Sherhebel: a — general form, b - sherhebel knife. Planer Planer:...
Electrified tool for milling wood. This includes manual electric planes (IE-5701A, IE-5708, IE-5707), designed for milling wood along the grain.
Technical characteristics of manual electric planers
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Maximum milling width, mm |
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Maximum milling depth, mm |
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Cutting speed, m/s |
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Electric motor: current type |
Single phase |
Three-phase |
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voltage, V |
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Power, W |
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Knife rotation speed, rpm |
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Electric motor rotation speed, rpm |
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Overall dimensions (length x |
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width x height), mm |
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Weight, kg |
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An electric planer consists of a built-in electric motor, the rotor of which rotates in two ball bearings. At the end of the rotor shaft there is a drive pulley that drives the V-belt drive. The rotation of the knife drum (cutter) with two flat knives is carried out by means of a V-belt drive from the rotor shaft. The plane has a front (movable) and a rear panel (fixed) cast together with the body. A special mechanism lowers and raises the front ski, thereby adjusting the depth of milling (planing). The plane can be used as a semi-stationary machine by securing it to a table or workbench with the panels up and installing a removable protective guard that protects your hands from getting on the drum (mill) with knives.
Before work, check that the knives are sharpened and installed correctly. The blades of the knives should be released equally and be flush with the back panel (ski). The mass of the knives should also be the same. Before installation, the knives should be carefully sharpened and balanced so that the knife shaft (drum) rotates without runout. The sharpening angle of the knives should be 40-42°. The knives must be firmly attached to the shaft, and the cutting edge must protrude 1 - 1.5 mm beyond the cylindrical surface of the drum, and the blade of the knives must be strictly parallel to the axis of the drum (shaft).
Electric planer: 1 - casing covering the belt drive, 2 - mobile support, 3 - ring, 4, 7 - handles, 5 - cutter, 6 - electric motor, 8 - fixed support, 9 - cutters, 10 - wedge, 11 - bolt fastenings, 12 - screws
They work with an electric planer as follows. Connect the plug to the network, pull the trigger, and turn on the electric motor. When the blade shaft reaches the desired rotation speed, the electric planer is lowered onto the material being processed, mounted on a workbench or table. Materials to be processed must be free of dust, dirt, and snow.
The electric planer must be moved forward slowly so that when it comes into contact with the wood there is no sharp push, evenly, without much force on the handle. The effort of the worker should be expended only on advancing the electric planer. When processing wood of medium hardness, the feed speed should be 1.5-2 m/min. When working, the electric planer is moved along the material in a straight line, without distortions, making sure that shavings and sawdust do not get under the panels (skis).
After the first pass (if it is necessary to start processing along or in an area next to the processed one), the electric motor is turned off and, with the electric planer turned off, returned to its original position, after which the electric motor is turned on and started working again. During breaks, the electric planer is turned off and placed with its panels (skis) up or placed on its side.
When the plane vibrates, check the balancing of the knives, as well as the play in the drum bearings. If you receive an unclean processing surface, you need to check the sharpness of the knives and clean the plane from shavings.
When working with an electric planer, it is necessary to ensure that live parts are reliably protected from accidental contact with them. All electrical connections must be reliable insulation. The power cable should not be laid with large bends.
