A wooden house is an environmentally friendly and cozy home. Is it possible to do wooden house with your own hands? It all depends on the skills financial opportunities, free time and desire. This is not to say that everyone will be able to build a wooden house themselves, but building housing is not like designing a spaceship. So where to start?

Design

And we should start with a housing project. Without making a detailed drawing wooden house With all the dimensions, communications supply diagram, without estimating the estimate, it is unlikely that it will be possible to build a house.

You can take drawings of ready-made housing that has been tested in operation, which is less expensive and troublesome. There will also be ready-made example built wooden house.

Or you can hire a designer-architect, pay him a lot of money and get an individual, unique project.

Material selection

For construction wooden houses exists big choice materials - logs, beams, panels made of coniferous and hardwood wood The log can be debarked, that is, practically unprocessed; only branches are cut from tree trunks.

There is also a glued log, when boards glued together in several layers are then rounded. In the photo, wooden houses made of rounded logs look more neat.

The timber can be glued from several boards or solid. Four-edged timber means a rectangular or square section. The profiled timber has ready-made locks in it, which greatly simplifies construction.

Panels are the easiest option for building a wooden house. Their structure resembles a sandwich - between two sheets of plywood or OSB there is insulation, for example, basalt, mineral wool. Have standard size, light weight, very easy to assemble. For panel house you can get by pile foundation, and do not use tape.

Foundation

A wooden house is an easy construction and does not require any particularly powerful foundation. However, it is not recommended to build wooden houses over two floors, and it is better to make the second floor an attic. So, the first stage of building a wooden house is building a foundation.

Suitable for sandy soils strip foundation small depth, whereas for marshy soils it is better to use piles.

When pouring a strip foundation, a trench 50-80 cm deep is dug, the bottom of which is sprinkled with crushed stone. Concrete is poured in one go, having previously assembled the reinforcing frame of the foundation.

The foundation is poured to a level of 20-30 cm above the soil level. The formwork is removed 2-3 days after pouring the concrete, after which it needs to stand for 2-3 weeks.

Walls and floors

The piping crown in the house is subject to the greatest loads, so its arrangement is approached carefully. A 50 mm thick larch board is placed under it, and two layers of waterproofing are applied to the foundation. Logs for subfloors are attached to the first crown.

To avoid deformation, the crowns are fastened together with dowels. Nagel represents wooden block, often round. For door and window openings are going wooden frames the appropriate sizes in which the spacers are installed.

Oak timber is well suited for assembling the frame of a wooden house. However, due to its high cost, you can get by with pine timber. Such a frame is sheathed on the outside with plywood or OSB. Insulation is laid between the beams, and the inside is also lined with a sheet of plywood or OSB.

The floor is laid in two stages - rough, from boards of any quality, on which the finishing one is laid. Insulation is laid between the joists of the subfloors.

It is advisable to make both walls and floors from the same material, since wood tends to dry out. It is better if it has the same degree of drying out of both floors and walls.

Roof arrangement

The most widespread gable roofs with hanging or layered, supported posts, rafters. Such roofs for wooden houses have such advantages as lightness, practicality and comparative cheapness.

A Mauerlat is not needed for wooden houses; the rafters are attached to the upper crown. It is recommended to make the roof slope at least 40-45 degrees so that snow does not accumulate on it in winter.

Quite often, an attic is installed on the second floor of wooden houses, which saves materials and makes the building lighter.

When arranging a roof, you should consult with a specialist who can correctly calculate the load on the roof and help you choose the right material, length and quantity rafter legs. The roof is sheathed with ondulin, slate, tiles - there are many and varied materials for roofing on the market.

Photo of a wooden house with your own hands

A house is a fortress for every family man, and a wooden one is also an environmentally friendly, “breathing” home in which all family members will be cozy and comfortable. For many centuries, people have chosen wood as a building material for their settlements, and all because such structures are durable, thermally conductive, cozy and attractive. The house will be warm and cozy in winter, cool and refreshing in summer, so that the comfort of the owners of a wooden estate is guaranteed at any time of the year.

Features of building a wooden house

Main stages:

1. Creating a new project or studying an existing one. Thanks to such documentation, you can preview the final result, select materials wisely, distribute construction nuances, and obtain important permits. At this stage, all organizational, financial, and design issues are considered and resolved.
2. Foundation. It takes more than 30% of material costs, a huge amount of time and effort. A properly created foundation guarantees long term operation of the building. When choosing a base for a wooden house, you need to focus on soil properties. Most often, building a wooden house with your own hands involves installing columnar or screw foundations.
   
3. House type . The most common frame wooden houses are budget, they can be built for $190 per square meter(excluding communications). From rounded logs - $270, and from laminated timber - $460 or more. Attention: the ideal material for constructing a wooden house with your own hands is considered to be logs 7 m long and 25 cm thick. For small house Wood and 17 cm in diameter are suitable.
4. Walls . After the foundation has settled and all preparatory work they begin to build walls. They can be made with round log, glued or planed beams. This is processed wood without bark, knots and various irregularities, which has a good appearance and high production performance. Wood is good for health, has low thermal conductivity and allows you to decorate every area finished house. Before laying the walls, logs must be impregnated with appropriate solutions to prevent damage.
   
   
5. Roof of a wooden house. To build it, you need to lay the rafters, heat and waterproofing, the main roofing material. It's important to choose correct form roof, so that it protects from weather precipitation and disasters, and also fits harmoniously into the overall picture of the building. The modern market presents several types roofing coverings, this is ondulin, corrugated sheets, metal tiles, slate. As people say, “to the taste and color” of each owner.
   
   
6. Windows and doors . Before making openings for these parts of a wooden house, you need to think about the mechanism used in operation (hinged, sliding), architectural design (classic, arched openings), and much more, which will allow you to use the windows and doors of your future home in the most comfortable and high-quality manner.
7. Floor and ceiling . We choose the type of flooring; it must be strong, durable, and attractive. You can lay linoleum, tiles, laminate, carpet or wooden covering. The ceiling for a wooden house must be brought to aesthetic appearance and hide all electrical communications connections in it.
   
   
   Necessarily! Waterproof the floor even before the screed and finishing stage.
8. Is finishing necessary?? House made of timber or rounded logs with facing decorative works does not need it, but a building made of simple logs requires a long time for shrinkage and finishing using modern materials.
   
   
9. Sewage and water supply system. If there is a water supply pipe near the house, then you only need to connect to it, and when not, then you will need autonomous water supply, which costs considerable material costs. It is imperative to install a sewer system and make a drainage pipe so that the foundation and flooring the entire site was not damaged by groundwater.
10. Heating is carried out after the construction of the house is completed. You can lay a heated floor, connect an electric or gas boiler, or make a heating stove. It would also be correct to insulate the house both inside and outside, using thermal insulation materials.
    
    

AND last step- electricity. Wiring is installed according to the architectural plan of the building, sockets are placed and lighting. Of course, the construction of the house does not end there, but the main stages have been completed.

Building a wooden house with your own hands is not a difficult task, but a very responsible one. In order for the final result to serve the owner for many years, you need to adhere to the “unwritten” laws of home construction.

What does a builder need to know in order to make the work easier for himself and his assistants?

Firstly, you need to make all the calculations and cuts in advance future design. After that, a binding crown is installed, which is connected in the corners into half a tree and fastened with dowels.

Attention: to mount the dowel, 3 holes are made in the beams, where it is driven in a checkerboard pattern with an interval of 35 cm. Experts advise using oak or birch for such purposes.

Secondly, the beam is mounted and tied into the floor with a crown. The beams are laid end to end in increments of 0.7 m, followed by a compactor and then beams again. The floorboard should be about 40 mm, the wider the pitch, the larger the board will be. The final covering for the floor will be a tongue and groove board, 35 mm thick. Linen tow, felt, moss, and tow are perfect for thermal insulation.

Thirdly, you need to lay a drainage system. To do this with outside The upper edge of the beam is cut 15 by 15 mm.

Fourthly, if you plan to build a multi-storey building, then the second floor should be built at a height of 2.5-3 m, followed by an attic. Doors are most often paneled; windows can be made of wood or metal-plastic. Both options are appropriate.

Fifthly, for the roof you need to select a board of the following sizes:

• 10 by 4 cm - for braces and racks;
• 15 by 4 cm every 1 m - for the rafter system;
• uncut, 25 mm at 40 cm intervals for sheathing.

And for the main roof covering you can use corrugated sheeting, corrugated sheets, etc.

Types of ventilation systems

It is widely known that wood can “breathe”, and therefore living rooms enough air will flow in for a comfortable stay in the house. But this is not enough for narrowly focused rooms, kitchens, bathrooms, and basements. And therefore it is required additional ventilation Houses.

Natural air exchange is provided; air ducts are mounted on the roof, which direct the air flow in the right direction. To force the circulation of air draft, you can install special equipment, and install noise-insulating elements using simplified valves for the air supply and exhaust. Thus, the problem of excessive noise levels will be solved.

Ventilation mixed type regulated by a device for powerful air outflow, which is regulated by a fan.

Attention : ventilation system needed both in residential and non-residential premises, this applies to basement and attic structures.

The supply pipe is mounted closer to the floor, and the hood is mounted under the ceiling. The entrance openings are equipped with a mesh to prevent dust, dirt, rodents, etc. from entering the house.
To keep your house warm in winter, you need to close these openings. It is important to minimize the risk of air condensation accumulation, which directly affects the life of the wood.

Decoration of the building

Painting a wooden house transforms the building, making it more luxurious and modern. Before this stage, you need to prepare well, take into account the humidity of the room where the floor or walls will be painted, determine the type of wood and the condition of the boards. Another factor that should not be forgotten is the degree of load on the floor covering. In the hallway the mechanical impact is greater, which means you need to apply paint more carefully and in several layers; in the bedroom you can get by with paints and varnishes or choose enamel with low level wear resistance (cheaper).

For boards use oil paint Although it takes a long time to dry, it lasts a long time, looks beautiful and does not emit harmful fumes. In addition to paint compositions, you can use varnish and acrylic to impregnate wood. They are suitable for perfectly cleaned surfaces that already have a textured pattern and color.

If there are wide cracks in the floor, they need to be repaired with putty using wedges. “Comb” protruding surfaces with a plane. Next, prime, dry well and only after these procedures proceed to applying paint.

As it turned out, building a house with your own hands is very simple - a little imagination, strength, patience, financial investments and professional video materials that will help you step-by-step explain all the nuances of constructing a building efficiently, quickly and affordably.

Wood is a practical and convenient building material with excellent performance characteristics. It is relatively inexpensive, environmentally friendly and safe for humans. Therefore, a wooden house built with your own hands is perfect for people who are used to taking care of their health and using safe and natural products. possible without the help of professionals. It is enough to have basic construction skills, time and desire.

Preparing for the construction of a wooden house

Before you start building a house with your own hands, prepare sufficient quantity necessary materials and tools. To work you will need the following:

• concrete mixer;
• wooden beam;
• tow;
• saw (preferably gasoline);
• roofing felt;
• screwdriver;
• hammer;
• antiseptic;
• screws and nails;
• corrugated sheeting;
• drill;
• electric plane;
• scaffolding;
• wooden dowel

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Construction of a foundation for a wooden house

As a rule, houses made of timber are built in low-rise construction. It is not recommended to build a wooden house with more than 2 floors. If you are planning to build two-storey house, then it is strongly recommended to make the top floor an attic.

A wooden house can be built on shallow foundation, because the finished structure will be quite light. Shallow columnar and strip foundations are most often used. Tape design must be reinforced.

In the case of a prefabricated base, to achieve the required strength, you should use reliable fastening. It must be secured along the entire bottom trim.

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Step-by-step instructions for constructing a frame

A wooden house can be built on wooden and metal base. Metal frames are less popular because... they are 40-50% more expensive. However, they have less weight, which allows additional savings on foundation construction.

If finances allow, then for the basis frame house oak should be used. However, if it is impossible to use this material, it can be replaced. Corner connections carried out using the tongue-and-groove method. Fit the beams close to each other, without gaps. The beam must have a cross-section of 15 cm².

When building a wooden house, it is not recommended to use metal fasteners. Over time, the metal will begin to oxidize and cause rotting processes in the wood. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to refrain from using nails and screws. They would be perfect instead wooden dowels. They allow you to maximize the extension of a home built with your own hands.

In the process of arranging a wooden house, its thermal insulation is mandatory.

The easiest way to install insulation is in wall gaps. However, in order for the necessary spatial strength to be achieved, the foundation of the house must be braced. Otherwise, under the influence of external loads, your wooden house may become deformed and even collapse. According to building codes and rules, the frame must be erected using three braces. They must be made of the same material as the vertical frame racks.

The outer side of the frame is covered with wood panels. It is recommended to mount it at an angle of about 45 degrees, and not strictly horizontally. Most often, lining is used for cladding.

A 60 mm wide tongue and groove board is also suitable. Be sure to take into account the fact that during the first few years after the completion of construction of a wooden house, the material may dry out due to various atmospheric influences. So there is no need to nail the sheathing with special diligence.

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Floor Installation Guide

First of all, timber with a section of 150x150 mm is laid along the perimeter of the future walls of the house. He must be best quality. Before laying the timber, it will be necessary to lay the roofing material and apply a special antiseptic composition that will protect the wood from moisture and pests. To fasten the timber, use anchor bolts in increments of 200 cm. When setting angles, be sure to use a level. They must be set as accurately as possible. Make sure that deviations do not exceed 10 mm.

The supporting structures, floor and walls of a wooden house are made of the same material. If you break this rule, then, due to different expansion coefficients, your wooden house may very soon become askew. For the installation of a subfloor, it is allowed to use the most cheap material For example, uncut boards work well. Install logs. In the future, between them will be mounted thermal insulation material. Finished floor boards are laid on top of the thermal insulation.

After completing the arrangement of the floor of a wooden house, you can move on to one of the most important stages - the construction of walls.

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How to build walls and roof?

The walls of a wooden house can only be built on a flat and dry surface. Otherwise they will be oblique. To assemble the wall frame, use boards of the same width and length. It is best that their height is equal to the height of the rooms in your future home. If possible, make the ceilings high (not lower than 250 cm). This will ensure more intense air circulation and optimal temperature regime inside the house. However, building a house with high ceilings will require more wood consumption. Do not make ceilings lower than 2.5 m. In such rooms you will feel constant pressure and discomfort.

When calculating wall sections, take into account the planned and permissible loads on the floor. The installation of beams is carried out in increments of 30, 40 and 60 cm. The width of the boards used is selected taking into account the quality of the selected cladding.

Siding can be used to cover the walls of a wooden house. In this case, take a step of 20-30 cm. Take into account the plastic properties of the skin and its low resistance to loads. Siding is one of the most practical and, which is also very important, durable materials. Its installation will not cause you any difficulties. After installation, it does not need to be painted or varnished. The main disadvantage of siding is its artificial origin. If chipboard, pseudo-timber and similar materials are used for cladding, increase the pitch to 40-60 cm.

As a rule, sandwich panels are used in the construction of a wooden house. They weigh and cost little. This allows you to significantly reduce the load on the foundation and reduce construction costs. And the finished wooden house will be quite light. Another big advantage of such panels is their low thermal conductivity. They make it much faster and easier to solve problems associated with the thermal insulation of a wooden house.

Finally, the construction of the roof is completed. Can be used for roofing different materials: corrugated sheeting, natural tiles, ondulin, etc. Select a specific solution in accordance with your own preferences and available budget.

The installation of a roof begins with the installation of the ceiling. Lift the ceilings up, install them in place and secure them with special nails. Make temporary flooring on the installed floors.

Next you will need to assemble and install the rafters. It is best to do them directly on the roof. This will save you from the need to lift a fairly heavy structure onto the roof of a wooden house. To connect rafters, it is recommended to use bolts rather than nails. This option is much more reliable.

The lower part of the rafters should rest on the protruding beam. At the joints they need to be nailed, and for greater reliability, additionally tightened with staples. Install all the rafters and begin installing the sheathing. It is attached using a screwdriver and screws.

Proceed with the roofing. Lay roofing material on the finished sheathing (at least 2 layers), then secure the metal corrugated sheeting. On modern construction market Special screws for fastening corrugated sheets are sold. Between the thread and the head of such screws there is a special rubber gasket. Such fasteners prevent metal corrosion.

Now you know how to do it yourself. Good luck!

You will need

• Wooden beam, anchor bolts, reinforcement, concrete mixer, cement, gravel, sand. Skills in handling lumber and concrete.

Instructions

Prepare the area. Contact the BTI for the correct placement of the building in relation to neighboring buildings. Mark the future corners of the house. After this, clear the area where the house will be located, as well as at a distance of at least one meter from it, of turf and other debris. Fill the area with soil and level it, make sand cushion. Carry out carefully preparatory stage construction, the durability of the house and foundation depends on this.

Start building the foundation with fabrications that need to be installed around the perimeter of the main load-bearing walls. Dig holes with a diameter of 25-35 cm to the freezing depth to protect the foundation from deformation during operation. Use drilling equipment for this. Make a sand cushion at the bottom of the pit and compact it. Lay waterproofing made of roofing felt or similar material along the walls, bringing it 0.5 m to the surface. Upper part enclose the pillars in wooden formwork, place the reinforcement inside the hole. When the pillars have hardened, pour a strip foundation around the perimeter, after placing reinforcement in it. To do this, use wooden formwork, OSB boards, metal or plywood. When building a wooden house, the foundation must be raised above the ground to a height of 0.5 meters. The consumption of concrete when constructing a strip-and-pillar foundation is small, so use a regular concrete mixer.

Install frame walls first floor, additionally securing them with braces to prevent deformation. When using laminated veneer lumber, at this stage the walls of the building are made. The timber is connected to each other into a claw and into a bowl. Place a layer of boards along the upper perimeter of the walls, covering the joints of the walls. The result will be a second harness. Install the walls and interfloor covering attic room. Perform the same operations as when installing the first floor.

Install the roof ridge on the gables of the attic, as well as support beams along the entire length of the house. Mount on them rafter system. Prepare the roof depending on the roofing material used - metal or soft tiles bitumen shingles. The material should not be heavy.

Cover the walls with OSB boards, install the main communication networks (heating, water supply, electricity, chimney, ventilation, sewerage), and test them. Cover the floors and roof with a vapor barrier. Insulate the room and decorate it. Do final repairs, install floors, radiators and heating equipment.

Our article today is more specific - about wall materials for wooden house construction.

And FORUMHOUSE users will help us understand them.

From our material you will learn:

• About the features of wooden houses;
• About which wood is best to build a house from;
• About the pros and cons of wooden houses;
• What is the difference between a log manual cutting from a rounded log;
• What types of timber are there?

Features of a wooden house

One of the main advantages of living in a wooden house is a favorable microclimate. In a house built of wood, it is easy to breathe, it is cool in summer and warm in winter, it has a special, “homey” atmosphere.

These features are due to the properties of wood. Wooden walls have low thermal conductivity - like in a stone building, but the walls in a wooden house are less thick.

This allows you to reduce construction costs. Since a wooden house weighs less than a stone one, there is no need to build a strong foundation for it. And with the appropriate wall thickness, a wooden house does not require additional insulation.

Dimaelektro:

– In my opinion, for a house for permanent residence in Moscow and the area for walls, it is enough to take profiled timber with a thickness of 190-195 mm. If you take a regular beam 150 mm thick, you will need additional insulation along the facade 50 mm. A rounded log must have a diameter of at least 260 mm.

The greatest heat loss occurs not through the walls, but through a poorly insulated floor, roof and improperly installed windows.

You also need to build from logs, paying attention not to the diameter of the material itself, but to the width of the groove (the place where the logs are placed on top of each other). You can install a log house with logs with a diameter of over 300 mm, but with a groove only 5-7 cm wide. As a result, the actual thickness of the log wall will be the same 5-7 cm and, despite the spectacular appearance a house made of such logs will be very cold in winter. Even heating using mains gas will not save you.

Therefore, before starting construction of a wooden house, it is important to understand why it is being built and how it will be used: how summer cottage, or as a place for permanent residence.

If wooden house is used in the “dacha” mode, then upon arrival at the site it quickly warms up, and a well-heated wooden house made of thick logs, thanks to their heat capacity, retains heat for a long time (the walls act as a heat accumulator).

Even in an unheated wooden house there is no feeling of dampness, because... wood, due to its good vapor permeability, removes excess steam and moisture outside. Research has shown that the movement of steam and air in a log occurs more in the longitudinal than in the transverse direction.

Thermal energy from a wooden house comes out the other way around - across the log.

Because steam, tending outward, moves perpendicularly (along tree rings) direction, no mixing of these flows occurs.

Steam does not reach the outer, cooled layers in wooden wall and is removed through the ends in the logs, rather than condensing when a “dew point” occurs.

Therefore, a favorable microclimate is maintained in a wooden house.

When building a wooden house and choosing materials for its finishing, it is important to follow the principle: the degree of vapor permeability of materials should increase from the inside out.

Among the advantages of wooden houses are:

• spectacular appearance;
• final appearance of the walls: they do not require additional external and interior decoration except for coloring.

Despite all the advantages, wood is like a wall construction material, is not without a number of disadvantages.

A wooden cottage takes a long time to settle, so you can’t immediately start finishing it - installing windows, doors, etc. The house must “stand” under a temporary roof. On average, this process takes about a year. Wall shrinkage: changing their height depending on the degree of moisture saturation source material can range from 3 to 12%. Therefore, even at the project stage, it is important to include this coefficient in the height of the flows.

Scaffolding can begin to rot, it can be pulled or spun like a helicopter, it is susceptible to cracking and insect pests. The tree also needs comprehensive protection from the destructive effects of water and sunlight. To combat these phenomena, wood is treated with fire-bioprotective agents, painted and impregnated with special compounds.

Wood is a “living”, capricious material, which is constantly influenced by external adverse weather factors. Find out from our news how and with what to protect

The best tree for a house