For many people, a car is more than just a means of transportation. This is one of the best friends in life, which constantly needs careful care and the most tender care. The first thing you need to pay attention to after purchasing a car is its storage, that is, the construction of a motorhome. In the not-too-distant past, it was not an easy task to build a car shelter with your own hands. Nowadays, thanks to new frame technologies, you can independently build a garage, which can be erected in a short time.
Frame technology for garage construction
Sometimes our capabilities do not coincide with our desires, and we have to abandon the planned type of garage in favor of simple designs. However, it is worth remembering that awnings, canopies, and flimsy extensions that threaten to bury movable property are not the best solution to the problem. But to build a shelter for a garage using frame technology, you don’t need a lot of intelligence.
The construction of a frame garage does not require special skills from the developer, it requires a minimum of material, and such a structure will serve no worse than a monolithic building and no less. Moreover, you can build a frame garage without using heavy construction technology.
To ensure a long-lasting frame garage, pay attention to the following:
- Build a durable garage so that it is not dependent on the outside environment.
- The design should be simple so that the owner can carry out repairs independently.
- The cost of building a garage should not be high.
- Be concerned about the low heat output of your garage.
Advantages of a frame garage
Frame technologies have been used in construction for a long time; their practicality and efficiency have been proven by a huge number of houses that have been built around the world. Many people nowadays build not only frame houses, but also frame garages. The structure is most often made of wood, so it does not require complex foundations. However, it can compete with metal and foam block buildings.
A frame garage has many advantages. Any car owner can build a garage with his own hands. One of the advantages of such a shelter is maximum speed and ease of construction process. Various parts of the structure are assembled using bolts and screws, so work can be done in any season.
Two installers are enough to complete the construction of a frame garage in a few weeks. You do not need to rent construction equipment and, accordingly, you do not need to waste time on drawing up such contracts. Will not be on the construction site and construction waste, so you don’t have to worry about the area being cluttered.
Construction of a frame garage
Before starting work, you need to draw up a project for a frame garage, that is, determine the order of collection and calculate the amount of material, and also inquire about the cost of building a garage. By the way, by choosing this construction technology, you will be able to save money. The next thing you need is to find an area measuring 10 by 10 meters. The construction plan can be purchased from professionals or found on the Internet. Let's talk about this in more detail.
Project documentation
An important document according to which all work related to the construction of a frame garage is carried out is a working draft. It includes the following drawings:
- preliminary design of the architectural plan and three-dimensional model;
- plan for the foundation slab of a frame garage;
- situational plan with reference to existing buildings on the site and creation of elevation marks;
- frame garage basement plan;
- layout of frame elements;
- rafter layout diagram;
- blueprints rafter beams, trusses and other roof elements;
- roof plan;
- drainage system plan;
- explanatory note of the project indicating technical characteristics, construction technologies, descriptions of structures and building materials.
Choosing a place for a garage
Before starting construction, select a place to build the garage so that there are no problems with the car leaving the garage. If you have a private house and there is a 10 by 10 meter area next to it, then you are in luck. Clear the selected area of debris and foreign objects, level, compact and remove vegetation from it.
Depending on the dimensions of the car, a garage of a certain size is built accordingly. At the same time, you need to know that the technology for constructing a garage should be such that it is spacious; you should not build a shelter for a specific car, because cars can change, but a garage is built to last for many years. It’s better to immediately make a huge building with a large opening.
Frame garage foundation
Frame garages are not too demanding on the quality of the foundation, like monolithic structures. The most important condition is to provide a level platform. As base will do well-compacted gravel, asphalt path, and concrete surface.
The foundation ensures the strength of the garage. The choice of type of foundation depends on the design of the car shelter, the soil and the financial costs. In the photo of the garage construction you can see the foundation, which is made as a solid concrete slab, which is also the floor, which can be finished with your favorite material.
Solid concrete slabs are one of the types of “floating” foundations that absorb loads over the entire area, because of this there will be no deformation of the structure. A not very deep trench is dug along the entire perimeter, then formwork is installed. You need to know that formwork is installed on three sides.
You should take high-quality concrete, which should be poured into the formwork. For better strength, you can install monolithic stiffeners with two reinforced mesh. We leave the resulting foundation for 3 weeks.
Base for frame garage
Typically, the concrete of the foundation slab acquires strength characteristics after three weeks. We move on to the base - along the entire perimeter of the building on cement mortar let's put it to bed concrete blocks 20 by 20 by 40 centimeters. This is the base, then a wall is placed on it, after which you need to start the waterproofing process. To do this, you need to stick hydroglass insulation onto the base.
Garage wall frame
Next we are engaged in the construction of frame walls. The “skeleton” of the future garage can be made of different materials. But most often they choose metal or wood. Wooden base is the cheapest, but far from the best solution. Its main disadvantage is considered to be flammability.
Metal is a more durable and fire-resistant material. Bearing structures, made from metal profile, are more durable, their connections are not simply bolted together, but welded, which is more reliable. Frame garage This type will withstand any onslaught of bad weather, and your car will be well protected.
But let's get back to building the shelter frame. To do this, we install a starting beam on an insulated base, which serves as the basis for the walls that will be installed in the future. Using self-unclosing anchors in increments of 1-1.5 meters, the timber is attached to the concrete. A very important point in attaching the timber to the foundation and basement of the garage is careful control, since it will be difficult to correct deficiencies if they arise.
Next, in accordance with the working design, after installing the timber, we install the remaining elements of the frame walls, install racks, diagonal braces, lintels and the top trim beam. The frame elements are fastened together with 70-90 mm self-tapping screws.
The area where the entrance will be must have reinforced elements to withstand the weight of the gate structure. A reinforced beam must be installed on each of the garage door openings. Before installation, wooden structures are treated bioprotective compounds and antipyranes.
Garage wall cladding
After installing the walls with outside they are sheathed with OSB-3 boards. Next, insulation is laid between the frame elements. You can lay mineral insulation or polystyrene foam boards. For external cladding Most often, “C” class lining is used; a windproof layer is installed on it, which consists of dense glassine and vertical beams 25x30.
As a rule, when installing, the recommended pitch of vertical bars is 30 cm. Wooden parts It is customary to treat with an antiseptic during work. After this we carry out the covering of the inner wall. The internal insulation of the garage consists of mineral wool or cheap lining. The outside cladding is made of siding. Double-glazed windows are installed in the provided openings.
Roof using frame technology
Now we move on to such a rather important stage as arranging the roof. You need 100x25 boards, which you will cover with corrugated roofing material. The roof structure includes the following technological stages, such as arranging a rafter system, creating a vapor barrier layer, installing a heat insulator (mineral wool boards), installing a waterproofing layer and covering it with roofing material.
Roofing requirements are standard. It must be reliable and easy to maintain. Domestic realities with snowy winters require sufficient roof strength that will withstand the weight of the snow cover and the person who dumps this snow. Roofing material for garage roof serves slate, corrugated sheets, ondulin, metal tiles, soft or flexible tiles, remains from roofing materials residential building. The main condition for a long service life of the roof is a conscientious installation.
Nowadays, metal tiles or corrugated sheets are most often used for roofing. There is no need to adjust these sheets; the large dimensions significantly speed up the progress of work. Fasten materials using simple electrical tools.
One of the main elements of the roof is the drain, which is made from a plastic sewer pipe cut into two. To prevent rust from occurring, it is necessary to provide it with polymer protection. Since winters in our latitude are quite snowy, install roofing snow guards around the perimeter of the roof, which prevent the spontaneous removal of ice and snow from the roof, which can damage the car.
Frame garage door
For frame garages, there are gates with different designs - sectional, sliding, sliding, but usually when building a car shelter, they install it on their own swing gates. They are reliable, lightweight and easy to manufacture. The size of the gate will depend on the dimensions of the car, standard size 2.5 meters.
To make internal and external gate frames, you need a metal corner (65 mm), which must be fastened together with metal strips. If you plan to use the top of the frame as a lintel, then you need to completely cover it with metal.
The frame of the doors is made from a metal profile. When the frame is assembled, it needs to be sheathed with sheet steel 3 mm thick. Usually, metal pins inserted into tubes are used, which in the future will serve as bolts; also, as a bolt, you can create a mechanism similar to a milk can. In order to provide protection against corrosion, you need to treat the metal with a file and sandpaper, cover it with drying oil, and then paint.
Frame garage communications
In the garage, operational amenities and microclimate are provided by power supply, ventilation and heating systems. Conduct all these communications to the garage. Install natural ventilation, which will free the room from exhaust gases and ensure the availability fresh air in the garage, to do this, leave holes in two opposite walls, covering them with bars.
Often provided for by the project electric heating in the garage using electric convectors. These devices are relatively inexpensive and installation is very simple. However, there is a large consumption of electricity, and its cost is quite significant. Therefore, choose a cheaper option to operate - supply heating from your home, which is located next to the garage.
Mount the wiring inside the walls in special channels. Install an RCD, required amount sockets and lighting. It is advisable to provide in the garage daylight- to do this, install four windows that have dimensions of 1100x500. To install the facade of a frame garage, corrugated sheets are most often used. Siding may require additional sheathing. Lay a layer of insulation on the inside and sew it with eurolining.
You have almost solved the problem of how to build a frame garage, now think about the interior arrangement and read our next article. The ceiling can be sheathed with clapboard; one layer of paper and insulation is placed on top of it. A 25 mm thick board is laid on the attic floor and an extension ladder is installed.
The construction work on the construction of a frame garage made of wood has now been completed. To consolidate theoretical knowledge, it is worth watching a video about building a garage. Now you are the happy owner of a home that will protect your car in any weather and create comfortable conditions for repairs and technical inspections.
A garage on the property gives the owner a lot of advantages. No need to think about where to park your car. The car is safe at any time of the year. The garage is being built from the following materials. Suitable timber, foam blocks, cinder blocks, stone, brick or finished metal structure. If you carry out the construction of a garage yourself, you will be able to avoid large expenses, saving on the labor costs of professional builders.
What is needed to build a garage
- Select building materials.
- Find a suitable location.
- Develop a project.
- Make a layout of the future object on the site.
- Carry out excavation work.
- Pour the foundation.
- Arrange the basement.
- Install gates.
- Build walls.
- Build floors.
- Cover the roof.
- Make a floor and blind area.
- Complete the interior decoration.
Selecting a location
- Take a master plan of the site.
- Look at how residential and outbuildings are located.
- Choose a place that is allocated for the construction of a garage, observing fire safety regulations.
- Pay attention to how the future building is located in relation to the house.
- Note the ease of entry and exit.
Three options for the location of the garage on the site:
- In the depths of the site.
- On the line of the external fence of the site.
- On the border line between two areas.
In the first option there is freedom of action. You just need to take into account that the distance from the residential building to the garage is at least 9 meters. If there are buildings with plastic finishing on the site, the distance to them is at least 15 meters.
In the second option, you need to pay attention to ensure that the opening garage doors do not interfere with the movement of cars or people. Therefore, the distance to the fence of the site is at least a meter.
The third option imposes the following distance restrictions: at least a meter to the border of the neighboring plot. At least 10 meters to the windows of the neighboring house.
The size of the building depends on the size of the car and the number of cars. If you are building a garage for one standard car, its dimensions are as follows:
- length – 6 meters;
- width – 3.3 meters;
- height – 2.4 meters.
For a car longer than a standard one, you will need a garage up to 7.8 meters in length.
Two car garage size:
- length – 6 (7.8) meters;
- width – 6 meters;
- height – 2.4 meters.
Development of a garage project
When developing a project, you can use two options:
- Order technical documentation from specialists.
- Make a plan yourself.
With the first option, you won’t be able to save money; a lot of time will be spent waiting, but the result is guaranteed.
The second option, if you can afford it, does not require costs or a long time. Mentally imagine the future structure and draw its diagram.
Please note the following points:
- location of the building;
- dimensions;
- the presence of an inspection hole;
- building material used;
- capital construction, or installation of a finished structure.
Georeferencing
When the plan is ready, you need to lay out the structure on the site. The plan is transferred to real soil. To do this, mark the corners of the future structure with marking stakes or reinforcement on the ground.
- Drive one peg in first.
- Then from it, using a square and a tape measure, measure the remaining three.
- Stretch a rope between the stakes.
- Start excavation work.
Do-it-yourself garage foundation
During earthworks a trench is dug to fill the strip foundation. The trench width is 40 cm, the depth is from 60 cm to 1 m, depending on the degree of soil freezing in your area. winter time. The bottom of the finished trench is trampled down, the walls are processed vertically with a shovel so that the earth does not crumble.
It is better to make a rubble concrete foundation; you can save on cement by using rubble crushed stone.
Place large fractions of crushed stone or stone in rows at the bottom of the trench. Spill each row cement-sand mortar until the trench is filled. To prevent the foundation from shrinking, use cement good quality, and add no more than 2 parts of sand to 1 part of cement. Water usually leaves according to the amount of cement.
If you plan to install a finished metal structure, you need to fill the entire area for the garage with concrete.
Basement and walls
In capital construction, after pouring the strip foundation along the perimeter of the trench, install plank formwork. Use a level. Fill the base with concrete. When the concrete has dried, lay roofing felt waterproofing in two layers. Install gates before building walls. The gates must be special garage doors made of metal. They must be fixed in the masonry (stone, brick, block).
After installing the gate, begin laying out the walls. Start laying from the corners. Stretch a cord between the corners, along which you carry out the laying in rows. Use building level and test yourself with a plumb line.
Ceilings and roof
The ceilings of a permanent garage are also its roof. The difference in the height of the ceilings will provide the necessary slope of the roof for water drainage. The roof slope is 5 cm per meter.
The ceilings are made of steel beams with a laying step of 80 cm. Sew them up with boards, lay roofing felt, pour slag, sand or expanded clay, make cement screed. After the cement has dried, cover the roof with waterproof material.
Floor and blind area
The garage floor must be concrete. Level the base of the floor, compact it, cover it with sand or crushed stone in a layer of 15-20 cm. Fill concrete screed. Outside, along the perimeter, arrange a blind area at least 50 cm wide. The blind area is made at a slope to drain rainwater.
The interior arrangement of the garage, the decoration of walls, floors, the availability of lighting, heating depends on the wishes of the owner. The garage can fit not only a car, but also various instruments and equipment. You can use the garage as a workshop. Many people make a basement or cellar in the garage.
How to build a garage with your own hands (video)
See how to build a frame garage with your own hands
Bottom line
It is very possible to build a garage yourself. Just remember to carefully prepare the project and choose quality materials. In this case, the fruits of your labor will make you proud of your work.
The technology for constructing a frame garage has been brought to the simplicity necessary for the average car owner, who is not accustomed to sophistication, but requires at least minimally comfortable conditions for maintaining the car.
Find out strength
Of course, the first thing every self-respecting motorist who loves his car will pay attention to is the strength of the future garage.
No awnings, temporary shelters, canopies or other structures that are flimsy can serve as a garage, although many of the unique ones manage to “shove” their car in there for year-round “residence.”
If funds are tight and you need a garage, then a frame covering can save your car from natural phenomena and temperature changes.
The proposed technology is one of the most accessible and profitable– the construction of a frame garage with your own hands can be done, indeed, by hand, that is, without the involvement of heavy equipment.
A frame “house for a car” will be strong enough, but to bring the structure to the ideal, You need:
- build a garage in such a way that it does not depend on the external environment;
- create so much simple design so that it allows you to repair the car on site;
- provide low level heat transfer of the structure;
- invest a minimum of funds in construction.
Do you need a hole?
If everything is very clear with the foundation for a frame garage: it weighs little and therefore allows you to take a platform as the basis for the structure, then with the need to construct an inspection hole A fair question arises: is it needed at all?
It is necessary to make a decision about its presence or absence on the eve of all construction work. This element of the garage is mandatory only if you are repairing your car yourself.
If you decide that a pit is needed, then installing it will take some time and will make the implementation of your project somewhat more expensive (not significant).
They dig a hole according to the markings, reinforce its walls with bricks (a method of laying in one brick) and provide high-quality lighting.
Along the upper perimeter of the inspection pit, it is necessary (!) to install a steel frame, which is carefully cemented. This is necessary in order to avoid collapse of the pit under the weight of the car.
The next stage consists of arrangement of a monolithic foundation. On the area prepared for it (at the bottom) a so-called cushion is poured - a mixture of sand and gravel no more than 10 cm, with concrete (3 cm) on top. A frame of reinforcement is placed in the concrete - iron rods are laid both lengthwise and crosswise, fixing them at the intersection points.
Formwork is installed around the perimeter of the almost finished site and the structure is concreted.
When the concrete fixing the foundation dries, you can, without waiting for it to settle well (it’s not a house, after all), begin installing the frame structure.
Types of frame garages
Like any other, building a frame garage with your own hands involves the most difficult and crucial moment of building the foundation. But when this stage of work is over, it turns out that there is still a lot left important points, which must not be overlooked.
Even the type of garage you choose depends on the safety of your car.
Among some frame garages, there are several types of garages that determine the quality of car maintenance. And although experts say that keeping a car in all frame structures will be approximately the same, you have a chance to choose, check, and compare.
Metal garage
According to experts, such a frame garage will cost the owner only 30 thousand rubles.
Optimal garage sizes from corrugated sheeting (and all other types of garages) 4.5X3.5 meters, provided that it contains one car.
The garage should not be cramped; it should provide comfortable accommodation for the car, the owner and all small and large available equipment.
Two-meter sheets of metal profiles of grade C 10 are most suitable for the walls and roof of such a garage. The thickness of such a sheet should be at least 0.5 mm.
For a standard garage space you will need 23 sheets, the lion's share of which will be spent on arranging the walls.
Cover the walls with overlapping sheets, connecting roofing screws. Adjust the length of the covering (roof) so that its main size (covering) is 1.9 meters, and 10 cm is left for the overhang equipment necessary for draining rainwater.
The construction time for such a garage using frame technology is a week.
Metal frame garages are discussed in more detail in the following.
Frame and panel garage
To build a frame-panel garage you do not need a project. You can simply take the simplest structures produced at any factory: in this case, these are rafter structures and wall panels.
This type of frame garage is highly economical, its construction can be completed within 25 thousand rubles, excellent heat conservation and simplicity of design.
In addition, such structures are more reminiscent of a house than a place to store vehicles, and successfully complement the landscape design.
Construction of a frame garage with your own hands if you have chosen the frame-panel type, it happens according to the usual scheme:
- laying the foundation;
- installation of the frame;
- covering the “skeleton” of the building with panels;
- insulation;
- roof construction;
- gate hanging.
Here's a video on how to build a frame garage with your own hands.
Timber garage
The peculiarity of building this type of garage is the construction of a wooden frame, and, well, the price. Such a frame garage will be much more expensive in cost than its counterparts - metal profile and panel garages.
But if you adhere to the principle: if you’re going to build, then build with quality, and you’re right. Wood as a material has whole line benefits:
- the most environmentally friendly;
- most energy efficient;
- the most vapor permeable;
- most easily processed;
- most appropriate in landscape composition.
In these photos, you see the stages of building a frame garage with your own hands.
When building a frame garage from timber, you only need take into account some nuances:
- when choosing belt type foundation for frame wooden garage, you just need to deepen it by 60-80 cm, but the piles or pillars will have to be installed deeper and stronger;
- before installing the timber frame, it is necessary to develop a project or at least a sketch (but as detailed as possible);
- If possible, joining the beams should be done using the simplest methods: the overlapping method is just right.
How much does a cheap garage cost?
The issue of price remains relevant when implementing any project, even such a super-simple one as building a frame garage with your own hands.
Everyone has long gotten used to the idea that made by yourself is much cheaper, which is why most car owners try to provide their “swallow” with an apartment of “author’s” construction.
Taking into account the frame, cladding, and work, a frame garage will cost you from 25 thousand rubles. If you use wood as a building material, the cost will be about 35–70 thousand rubles, depending on the type of wood.
A garage is a building necessary for every motorist, which ensures the safety of the vehicle and protects the car from negative influences. environment. Many owners postpone the construction of such a facility, assuming that its construction is too complex and expensive. However, today it is possible to build a garage with minimal time and financial costs if you build a frame structure. In the article we will learn about the main nuances and features frame construction.
Why are frame structures so popular?
IN last years frame objects has become very popular. When using high-quality building materials and when proper organization works, such a garage will be in no way inferior to an object built of brick, wood or any other traditional materials.
Frame construction technology has gained wide popularity, primarily due to its ease of installation. You can erect a frame building yourself, without turning to professional installers for help, thanks to which you can significantly reduce the budget for the construction of the facility. In addition, such construction takes relatively little time - people experienced in this matter can build an object in just a few days.
The reduction in building construction costs is also due to the availability of modern building materials. And thanks to their low weight, delivery to the construction site can be completed without the involvement of specialized equipment.
The frame for a garage can be constructed from different materials, but most often they use wooden beams and a metal profile.
The construction procedure itself includes several simple steps:
- 1. Preparing the construction site.
- 2. Digging a pit and creating a foundation.
- 3. Marking and assembling the wall frame.
- 4. Roof installation.
- 5. Insulation and wall covering.
- 6. Installation of garage doors.
To learn how to build frame objects with your own hands, you need to understand each of the described stages separately.
Start of installation work - preparation of the construction site and installation of the foundation
Preparatory work is considered the most important in any construction. The levelness of the foundation and the reliability of the entire new building will depend on the quality of preparation of the site for the construction of the facility. After choosing a suitable location on the site, it is necessary to clear the perimeter and carefully level the area.
The building site should be 50–60 cm larger than the perimeter of the object being built on each side. After marking, it is necessary to remove from the ground fertile layer soil with a depth of 15 to 20 cm. The easiest way to dig such a hole is with special equipment, although with some skill and free time you can get by with a shovel and do everything yourself. The bottom of the dug hole must be compacted manually or using a roller.
Any type of foundation is suitable for the construction of a frame garage, since the building will not be very heavy, and therefore will not create a serious load on the prepared foundation. However, in addition to the construction project itself, when choosing a foundation, you need to take into account the weight of the car that will be parked in the garage. Experts recommend creating a slab or strip foundation for frame objects.
After determining the type of foundation, it is necessary to mark the corner points of the perimeter for the walls. First you need to mark one corner point at which the marking mark is installed. Cords are tied to the cast-offs - two on each side when installing a strip foundation; in this case, the distance between the cords will determine the width of the planned strip. The cords are stretched along the sides of the future foundation to their entire length, after which they are fixed on opposite castoffs.
It is extremely important to make all corners of the future building straight. Using the crossbar of the installed cast-off, you can move the point of fixation of the cord on it within certain limits. To make sure the corners are square, you can measure the diagonals of the rectangle; they should be the same in length.
A frame garage can be built on a budget columnar base. Pole foundations are easy to install, can be made yourself, and are perfect for later laying a plank floor, which must be strong and reliable enough to support the weight of the car. A columnar foundation can be made from different materials. Typically, reinforced concrete structures, concrete blocks, bricks, or a combination of several materials are used to construct such a foundation.
A strip foundation is more difficult to construct and requires much more time, since it will have to be used in construction concrete mortar, which takes a long time to gain strength and harden. The main advantage of a strip base for a frame structure is that it provides ample opportunities for creating an inspection hole. The floor of a garage on a strip foundation can be made of either wood or concrete.
The third most popular type of foundation for the construction of frame structures is a slab foundation. It is considered the most complex and costly in construction, as it requires the creation of a whole system of compacted layers of different materials, on top of which concrete is already poured. The advantage of a slab base is its high strength, reliability and durability.
Design and construction of the building frame
After creating the foundation, you can proceed to the construction of the frame of the future structure. The garage frame can be made of a metal profile, wooden beams, or both of these materials at the same time. Having decided on the materials to be used, it is imperative to prepare a project. This document will allow you to correctly complete all stages of construction and build a truly high-quality, well-thought-out building.
Sami installation work It is customary to divide it into several stages:
- 1. Installation bottom trim.
- 2. Assembly vertical structures– walls.
- 3. Installation of the top trim.
- 4. Frame covering.
- 5. Installation of the roof frame.
First of all, lay on the finished base waterproofing material(usually roofing felt). Waterproofing is necessary to protect the wooden and metal elements of the future building from the negative effects of moisture. Ruberoid acts as a quite decent cut-off, thanks to which moisture will not spread from the walls of the foundation and from the soil during heavy rainfall.
On next stage a wooden beam of the selected size is laid on the foundation; it can be a beam of 120×120 mm, 150×150 mm or 120×150 mm. If desired, the timber can be replaced with a 50×120 mm board or a steel profile pipe with a square section of 10×10 cm. To secure the timber frame in the corners, dowels or a notch are used. Metal strapping elements are fixed at the corners by welding, and wooden ones - with anchor screws or studs embedded in the base. When installing the frame on a columnar foundation, inside its frame, logs are laid on edge, which will be necessary to secure the plank floor.
After this, you can proceed to assembling the wall frame. There are two assembly options:
- 1. At the installation site. That is frame walls assembled and fixed vertically at their permanent location. The method is used when installing wooden structures.
- 2. On the ground. Metal carcass The wall is usually assembled horizontally on the ground, after which it is lifted and attached to the frame in a vertical position.
As elements of a wooden frame, timber 60×60 mm, board 30×150 or 30×120 mm are used. The metal frame is usually assembled from profile pipe 60x60 mm. After connecting the individual elements to each other and installing the prepared structure vertically, the top trim is performed, which is necessary to give the frame maximum strength. For piping, a beam or pipe is used, which in size must correspond to the size of the individual frame elements. For example, if the vertical posts are made of boards 120 mm wide, then the top trim can be made from the same board, laying it in two layers, or from 60x120 mm timber.
The erected frame must be immediately sheathed inside or outside with facing materials. Sheets of OSB or plywood, as well as corrugated sheets, are used as such cladding. Sheathing the inside or outside of the object will make it more durable and will allow you to proceed to the installation of the roof.
The garage roof can be made with a single or double slope. Gable roofs it is more expensive and difficult to build, but they allow you to equip a useful attic space or prepare an under-roof space for storing materials and tools used on the farm. is carried out in several stages. First done rafter system, after which the slopes are sheathed plywood sheets, on top of which the roof is laid.
Garage floor installation and installation of insulation materials
After installing the roof and covering the walls on one side, you can begin installing the floor in the garage. If you lay the floor before installing the roof, wood cladding may be severely damaged due to sudden rainfall. It is best to use non-tongue boards for cladding so that the trim can expand and contract due to changes in ambient temperature and humidity.
The flooring is made with a small gap between the individual cladding elements. Between the boards you need to leave a free space of at least 3-4 mm so that the finish does not deform during thermal expansion. The cladding is usually laid on logs made of wooden blocks and secured to the base with screws or nails.
On slab foundation Additional cladding may not be laid. It will only be enough to treat the surface with a special strengthening primer. deep penetration, which can strengthen and bond the top layers of concrete and provide the base with better hydrophobic characteristics. The top of the concrete floor can be painted or covered ceramic tiles, or you can leave it without finishing at all.
The next step in the construction of a frame object is its insulation. It is very easy to install thermal insulation into the frame of a structure. The selected material is simply placed into the voids in the frame from the inside or outside (depending on which side the walls were originally sheathed on).
For insulation, you can use mineral wool, polystyrene foam, sprayed polyurethane foam and any other thermal insulation materials. Sprayed polyurethane foam is considered preferable for insulating frame structures. It is more expensive than most other types of thermal insulation and requires the use of special equipment, but it can completely fill all the empty space in the frame, including any cavities and cracks, thanks to which the building will be qualitatively protected from cold bridges.
After installing the insulation, you can begin covering the walls on the side where they have not yet been installed. facing materials. Any light finishing can be used for cladding; it is recommended to clad the building on both sides using the same material. That is, if the inside of the walls is already upholstered with OSB boards, then it is better to upholster the frame with the same boards on the outside.
Finishing cladding and installation of garage doors
To make the garage truly comfortable and attractive inside and out, all surfaces in it are additionally lined. For interior decoration, it is best to use reliable, durable and resistant to external negative impacts materials. It is recommended to avoid cladding, which burns easily and contributes to the rapid spread of flames. In garages where they can be stored flammable substances, there is no place for such finishes.
Simultaneously with the finishing cladding, gates are installed in the garage, which can be swing, sectional, roller shutter or tilt-and-turn. For self-installation simple swing double-leaf gates are best suited; other designs require certain installation professional knowledge and skills that the average owner most likely does not have.
The construction of a frame building, although it takes quite a lot of time, can be done completely independently. Of course, if you find helpers, the work will go faster and take less effort, but with some skill you can do without them. Follow the sequence of actions described in our step-by-step instructions, and you can make the garage of your dreams with minimal investment.
A frame garage is one of the simplest options for building a utility room for storing a car. It is not only technically simple, but also cheaper than brick or concrete walls. Price and technical availability are the main advantages frame buildings. How to do it yourself? What features are important to consider for reliable and correct construction?
Types of frame
Frame garages can be made of various materials - wood, OSB, slate asbestos-cement sheets, plastic siding, metal panels. Depending on the material frame elements and walls, garages are divided into the following types:
- Wooden buildings– they often use wooden beams or logs as supports, and as wall cladding – edged and unedged boards, lining, panels from wood materials. Usually, wooden boxes erected when working with “what is”, when the building is built from available means - wood panels, boards Wooden walls require high-quality protection from moisture and getting wet. They must be painted or varnished annually. And also periodically replace rotten, damaged boards and replace them with new wooden panels.
- Metal– the most common types of frame buildings for car storage. They use metal corners, channels, and beams as supports. As wall cladding - metal sheets. These can be profiled sheets of metal or flat rolled products. In order to build a frame garage with your own hands from metal, you must have a welding machine and be able to work with arc welding.
On a note
Mixed options are possible. Wooden beams can be a support for plastic panel walls. It can be sheathed asbestos cement sheets(flat slate).
Learn more about building a frame garage from different materials in the video.
Construction of a frame garage
A drawing of the frame and future construction is necessary for novice builders. It is also needed to calculate the consumption of building materials - support beams, wall cladding, roofing panels. You can use ready-made drawings of garages, standard solutions, which are given in various recommendations for building frame garages with your own hands, in step-by-step instructions. Or contact specialists and order a calculation and drawing of your garage with custom sizes, required by the design.
Expanded drawing.
There should be a drawing-sketch of the future frame.
Sketch-drawing of the frame. There must also be a drawing indicating the dimensions of all frame elements, the distance between them and methods of fastening to each other. The drawing also indicates the type and dimensions of the wall cladding panels, and the methods of attaching them to the frame studs. The material, size of the roofing sheets, as well as the pitch and distance of the roofing joists are specified. A correctly drawn up drawing with all dimensions can be used as instructions for building a garage.
Foundation
The construction of a frame garage begins with design. And the work on its construction begins with laying the foundation. The walls of the future garage building can be light and cold, but the base must be deep (if there is an inspection hole) and strong.
Most often, a foundation slab is used as the basis for a frame garage. It has sufficient strength indicators and can be installed in a short time. However, it differs in weight and requires the work of loading and unloading equipment. When using a crane, the slab is laid in place of the future utility building within an hour.
Foundation slab. Before laying the slab, preparatory work is carried out - the soil is leveled, if necessary, a small depression is made, or vice versa, the future is raised by making an embankment. When laying a concrete slab in a hole, its bottom is first covered with a layer of sand - for drainage groundwater, as a drainage layer. If the slab is laid on top of the ground without deepening, or on an elevated place, then it is enough to level and compact the ground.
A ready-made foundation slab is used if there is no need to build a inspection hole. If there is a need for a traditional garage pit, then they first build it, and only then do they begin to build the foundation, walls and roof.
The garage pit is arranged in the form of a ground recess of the required length, width and depth. Its walls are laid out with bricks or cast concrete, the bottom is also laid out with a small concrete slab. After arranging the pit, they begin to pour the main foundation slab.
Monolithic foundation with inspection hole.
To prepare the soil for pouring, the bottom of the future slab is covered with sand. After this, the sand is spilled with water and compacted. On top - lay out the frame of the future foundation - from metal fittings, mesh, wire, formwork is constructed around the perimeter of the foundation. Afterwards, concrete is poured.
The foundation slab is given a month to harden. You can step on the base slab within a day. The concrete will be strong enough to support the weight of a person and carry out further construction work. But you can park the car only after reaching its final strength - after 28 calendar days.
On a note
If the work is carried out in the heat, then the surface of the concrete is covered with a wet canvas in order to prevent its excessive drying and cracking of the slab due to the rapid evaporation of moisture from its surface. Periodically, as it dries, the canvas is moistened with water to maintain moisture in the surface layer of concrete.
The surface of the garage slab must be moisture resistant. When the car is parked, water will drain from its wheels and bottom. Penetrating into the pores of concrete, when freezing, drops of moisture will expand the pores and initiate cracking of the surface. Therefore, before pouring concrete, moisture-resistant components such as Penetron and Aquastop are added to the mixture. When installing a finished foundation slab, its surface is impregnated with a waterproof mixture.
Frame assembly
Under the garage begins with the arrangement of vertical supports. In this case, the supports can be concreted into the foundation slab during the pouring process, or can be attached to concrete base on anchor connections, together with the lower trim. The highest quality and reliable option– concreting of racks with penetration into the foundation slab and soil. It is used for construction on open places with high wind load. It requires the construction of a pit for each support and its separate cementing.
Stands in the ground with concreting. Simpler and affordable option– use of lower joists and fastening elements. In this method, the vertical support is not buried in the ground, but is secured using metal corner to a concrete floor or wooden beam, which acts as a lower frame. Such a beam is first attached to the foundation slab, and then the frame supports are installed on it.
Upper horizontal logs are placed on top of the vertical load-bearing supports. On them they construct floors for the roof. The roof itself is constructed from roofing sheets, which are laid on top of the floor joists (roof frame elements). The bottom row of the roof is laid with a slight overhang.
Its edge should extend beyond the perimeter of the building by 50-60 cm. Such an overhang of the roof prevents excessive wetting of the walls and thereby ensures their dryness, durability and the absence of moisture and mold in the garage. Minimum size cornice, up to half a meter, guarantees protection of the walls from drainage of waste rainwater.
On a note
Assembling the frame using threaded elements makes it possible to dismantle the garage and reinstall it in another location. If necessary, a frame garage can be disassembled if the fastenings are made using bolts and screws. Assembly with bolts and screws makes it possible to dismantle the walls, roof and frame of the garage building.
Learn more about connecting the supports of a frame garage in the video.
Types of roofs
The garage roof can be made in the form of one or gable construction. To do the work yourself with minimal construction experience, it is easier to build a pitched roof. In this case, rainwater will be drained to one side of the garage building. In order to distribute the drain evenly on both sides of the garage, the roof structure is made gable.
Shed roof. To construct a pitched roof, the garage walls are made at different heights. One wall is raised higher than the other by 300, 400 or more mm. The difference in the height of the walls determines the angle of the roof, which, in turn, depends on the amount of snow precipitation in the winter.
On a note
The angle of the roof is determined by the amount of precipitation in winter. The more snow, the greater the roof slope should be. For regions with a temperate climate and average snowfall, the roof slope angle is 20-25°. For warm winters with a small amount of snow 10-15° is enough.
With a difference in wall height of 300-400 mm and a garage width of 3 m, the roof slopes by 10-15°. Which is enough for snow rolling in regions with moderate rainfall. To build a garage in areas with heavy snowfall, the roof slope is made large, up to 30°.
Shed roof made using frame technology. After constructing the frame, they begin to hang the roofing elements. Step-by-step instructions for a frame garage regulate the rules for installing roof panels. Work begins with laying the bottom row of roofing sheets. Lay sheets on top next row. The last row to be laid is the top row, located along the raised wall. Thus, the roofing sheets overlap each other and prevent moisture from entering the garage space during rain and snowfall.
The structure is assembled from triangular frame elements. Their size is determined by the width of the garage and the angle of the roof. The triangular elements are assembled on the ground and then lifted to the roof. Here they are installed on the top frame of the walls. Slate or metal profile is laid on top of the finished roof frame.
Finishing
The interior decoration of the utility room is often completely absent. Especially if the garage is built without insulation. Less often, when arranging a warm garage, it becomes necessary to close the insulating material from internal space. In this case, it becomes necessary and mandatory.
There are no moisture resistance requirements for the material of the internal wall cladding. Therefore, panels made from waste are often used wood production(OSB, chipboard) or plywood sheets. If necessary, make shelves and cabinets built into the wall, attaching them to the supports of the garage frame.
Insulation
The need for insulation arises when it is necessary to carry out any work in the garage in winter. Or when you plan to set up a warm garage with the ability to dry the bottom of the car after driving in the cold and wet season.
Do-it-yourself insulation. Insulation of a garage differs from similar works in residential buildings by choosing a heat insulator. If it is important to ensure a healthy microclimate in residential premises, arrange natural circulation air, then garage insulation is easier. You can get by with a forced periodically operating hood. And also use less useful and cheaper insulation materials - polystyrene foam and glass wool.
When insulating with glass wool, it is placed between vertical posts. Thanks to its compressibility, it is easily held in space. The thickness of the cotton insulation is determined by the level of winter temperatures. For residential buildings at an average temperature of -10°C, choose a thickness of cotton insulation up to 100 mm. For garages and others utility rooms choose thickness up to 50 mm.
On a note
When insulating with glass wool, it is important to take into account that the material may sag over time. In places where the glass wool sag, “cold bridges” will form, through which heat will “leak away.”
Foam insulation does not have the disadvantages of using glass wool. The foam does not settle over time and does not lose its shape. At the same time, it is quite inexpensive, which makes it a popular material for frame garage insulation.
If residential premises are not recommended to be insulated with polystyrene foam due to possible harmful fumes, then this type of insulation is optimal for a garage space. It is inexpensive, easy to install and works for a long time as a heat insulator, retaining heat inside the building.
When installing foam plastic, gaps form between the frame posts. This is due to the rigidity of foam boards. The resulting mounting gaps are filled with foam.
Types of garage doors
The frame garages in the photo differ in the design of the entrance gate. Traditionally, garage doors are made with double-leaf doors. However, other designs are also possible. What can they be? Garage Doors?
Gates. Swing gates are a traditional form of gate in the form of doors that swing open to the outside of the room. The simplest and most accessible design to build with your own hands. Opens manually.
Sliding is an improved form of garage entry, which can be supplemented with an automatic device. In this version, the garage door slides to the side along rails when a signal is given from a remote device.
Lifting and roller shutter structures are also possible, but their cost is much higher, so they are less often used in frame structures.
