DIY plaster on wood concrete

Arbolit, "specific" construction material, which strongly absorbs moisture and can gradually deteriorate under its influence. However, this fact does not mean that wood concrete walls cannot be plastered with wet mortars.

You should also know that having built its walls, at least from the outside, it is recommended to immediately insulate and decorate with finishing material. Only in this case their surface will be reliably protected from negative impact moisture, and, accordingly, will last much longer.

Asking the question of how to plaster the wood concrete, it is important to know that almost any modern finishing materials can be used for these purposes. Can be used for plastering walls made of wood concrete blocks and ordinary cement plaster... However, due to the fact that arbolite absorbs water very strongly, the process of plastering the walls is a little more complicated.

Firstly, it is recommended to apply plaster on walls made of wood concrete with a thickness of at least 2 centimeters. In the very composition of the cement-sand mixture, it is recommended to add water-retaining additives or, in extreme cases, 0.5-1 part of milk of lime.

The very same plaster on arbolite is not much different from plastering walls made of bricks, for example, or cinder block. In a sense, it is even simplified due to the presence of a rough surface of wood concrete, with a large number of cracks - the solution adheres to it much better.

There may be some difficulties with the thickness of the plaster on wood concrete, since those people who have come across this building material for walls know that it does not always differ in the evenness of its geometric shapes... And if the differences in the surface of the walls are significant, then sometimes you have to throw in two or three layers of plaster in order to finally level them.

In this case, unfortunately, one cannot do without the use of guide beacons. Before exposing them, you should carefully mark the surface to be plastered, find the most protruding places on it, etc.

How it is done has already been described in previous issues. As for the plaster of wood concrete blocks, the situation is similar. The only difference is in the number of layers to be applied and in their thickness.

The first plaster layer should not be made too large, but before applying the second layer, you need to wait a while. Fortunately, arbolite, as mentioned above, absorbs moisture very strongly, as you can see with your own eyes by watching a video about wood concrete blocks.

Video about wood concrete blocks

Interior and exterior decoration of a house made of wood concrete

Arbolite houses have a number of significant advantages in comparison with houses built from other materials.

Such structures not only have excellent thermal insulation qualities, they are environmentally friendly and affordable for most developers. In addition, everyone can do it, and there is no shortage of materials for their manufacture today.

Unfortunately, in addition to advantages, it also has a number of significant disadvantages. The main one is the high hygroscopicity of the material, it just like a sponge absorbs moisture. In addition, wood concrete blocks do not always have the correct geometry, but here, of course, much depends on the technology of their manufacture.

Whatever it was, but all of the above disadvantages of wood concrete, in the most negative way affect the decoration of the house from it, both inside and outside. What materials are used to decorate walls made of wood concrete will be discussed below.

The house is finished from wood concrete inside and outside, for various reasons. Outdoor decoration wood concrete house will be required not only to give the structure a beautiful and complete appearance. It is very important to protect its surfaces from the harmful effects of external factors.

In particular, as mentioned above, wood concrete houses are afraid of moisture. Under its strong influence, they begin to gradually collapse, which is fraught with large financial waste. Therefore, immediately after driving the walls out of wood concrete, it is recommended to protect them with a layer of finishing material.

A variety of building materials can serve as a decoration for the outer walls of an arbolite house. However, the most common of all is the usual plaster mortar... simple and accessible to implement, and appearance wood concrete house, will not end up worse than a brick or cinder block structure.

No less popular materials for finishing arbolite walls are lining and its varieties, for example, a block house. These materials are fixed on a pre-assembled frame made of metal profiles or bars. However, before exercising exterior decoration wood concrete houses wooden materials you need to think carefully and protect them before use.

Also, the decoration of an arbolite house is very popular today. facing brick, and the technology itself is practically no different from finishing a building with materials other than wood concrete.

Decorating houses from wood concrete inside

Inside, the wood concrete house, as well as outside, is most often plastered. Nevertheless, completely different ones can be used for these purposes, including bayramiks for example or any others.

At the same time, it is worthwhile to understand the importance of making the right choice. finishing materials, for walls of an arbolite house in rooms such as a bathroom and a toilet. Here it is better to use plaster after all, because otherwise moisture will constantly collect under the crate, which will certainly lead to damage to the walls over time.

When starting to decorate a house from wood concrete, you need to properly prepare for this difficult process. Today it is not difficult to find videos and recommendations on the topic on the Internet. wood concrete houses... So after thoroughly studying the information and weighing all the pros and cons, you can profit and save not only on building a house, but also on finishing it.

Arbolit is a material, one might say, unique. It combines high strength and low thermal conductivity, which makes it possible to raise houses on two or three floors, taking into account heat engineering characteristics building elements. But he has one rather serious drawback - high water absorption, equal to 75-85%. That is, the water that gets on the wood concrete is immediately absorbed, reducing the characteristics of the building material. Therefore, plastering wood concrete outside is a necessary process.

Someone solves the problem of protecting the walls of a house made of wood concrete with other technologies, for example, installing windproof facades, and makes big mistake... Because this wall block material absorbs not only water, but also moisture. And this is in the future the appearance of mold and fungi, cracking and other unpleasant moments. Nobody forbids the use of windscreens for finishing in the form of panels, siding and other materials. But it is imperative to plaster the wood concrete.

Types of plaster

What manufacturers offer today in the category of exterior wall plasters. In principle, the list is not very long, so it will be easy to select the required composition.

1. Cement-based dry plaster mixes.
2. Lime based.
3. Decorative compositions.
4. Silicone.

Cement

Not so long ago, cement plasters were made by hand by mixing sifted sand and cement in proportions of 3: 1 with the addition of milk of lime. Today mixes are sold dry in paper bags with precise proportions of ingredients that simply have to be diluted with water. The concentration is indicated on the package. Mixing is done by pouring the composition into a container with water, and not vice versa. The mixing process itself is carried out with a construction mixer.

Arbolite house plaster cement compositions- this is the hardening of surfaces that can withstand heavy loads, especially shock ones. The only negative is the reduced vapor permeability. It cannot be said that it is very low, but lower than that of other formulations. That is, walls made of wood concrete, plastered cement mortar, "breathe" badly.

Lime

This type of plaster is made from pure river sand and lime. The ratio can vary from 1: 2 to 1: 5, depending on the fat content of the lime used. Preparing such solutions with your own hands is not a problem. First, the lime is slaked, and then sand is added to it.

Dry producers plaster mixes offer several varieties of this material:

• with the addition of gypsum to lime;
• cement;
• clay.

The first option for outdoor use is not recommended. But the last two are ideal in this regard. As for the last mixture, then in pure form clay and lime are not mixed. In such a composition, either cement or sand is added in a small amount.

Decorative

There is a wide variety of mixtures that differ from each other in the polymer component.

1. Silicate, the constituent of which is liquid glass... It is an elastic material with a high level of vapor permeability.
2. Acrylic. The composition is added acrylic resin... Elastic mortar with low vapor permeability.
3. Epoxy based on epoxy resins.
4. Polyurethane.
5. Polyvinyl acetate.
6. Acrylic styrene.

All marked plasters withstand high temperatures- up to + 90 ° and do not change their characteristics under the influence of sunlight.

Silicone

This type of facade plaster is distinguished into a separate group, because it is the most expensive material of all the above, but with excellent performance characteristics... The service life of silicone plaster is at least 25 years. It is easy to apply and comes ready-made for sale.

Now to the question of which plaster is better for wood concrete. Basically, for this wall material there is no difference what it will be plastered with. After all, the main task of the plaster layer is to protect the wood concrete from moisture. And all the materials described above can easily cope with this. In this case, the choice must be made according to the optimal ratio of price and quality characteristics... Plus, you need to look at what kind of wood concrete structure you need to plaster. For example, if it is a garage or other outbuilding, then there is no point in using an expensive solution. By the way, today many people use wood concrete plaster with clay. This is the cheapest option. Not the most presentable, but it has a place to be.

Wood concrete plastering technology

So, the question of how to plaster the wood concrete outside has been resolved, the composition has been selected, you can proceed to carrying out construction and repair operations. Like all processes in construction, wood concrete wall plastering is divided into two parts: preparation and the main process.

Preparation

There is no need to carry out any complex actions at this stage. It is not necessary to prime the plane of the walls, because it is unnecessary for wood concrete. Blocks made of it have a porous structure due to wood chips used in concrete as a filler. Therefore, any plaster mortar should be placed on them without preliminary preparation... By the way, there is no need to attach a reinforcing mesh to the wall for the same reason. The only thing that needs to be done is to dust the wall with a broom.

Now two points:

1. If the plaster is the final finishing coat (followed by topcoat), so to speak, leveling, then a frame is assembled under it from metal profiles.
2. If the facade of the house will be covered with a windproof structure, then no special requirements can be imposed on the evenness of the plaster layer. In this case, the plastering of the walls will simply perform protective functions.

In the second case, plastering will look like this: using a trowel, the solution is poured onto the wall surface and leveled with a float. The layer should be small - up to 5 cm.

V preparatory work in the first case, the installation of metal profiles is included. This is done like this:

1. Two vertical profiles are installed along the edges of the wall, which are set exactly vertically and in the same plane with each other. You can attach them to the wall with plaster in the form of several piles.
2. Then a strong thread is horizontally stretched between the profiles in several rows (4-6).
3. After that, intermediate vertical profiles are installed every 100-150 cm with fasteners on plaster. The installation requirement is to set the profiles exactly along the tensioned threads.

Plastering

Now we will plaster the house. The prepared solution is thrown with a trowel between the laid profiles and leveled with a long rule, pulling the material from the bottom up with the movement of the tool across the laid beacons. In this case, the profiles laid on the wall act as supports for the rule.

This technology allows you to interrupt the plastering. The main thing is to fill the gap between the two beacons with the mixture. If all the walls cannot be leveled in one day, the process can be rescheduled to the next. Nobody demands exact evenness and smoothness from the applied plaster. The task is to align large swings walls and fill the porous structure of wood concrete surfaces. By the way, this is why plastered wood concrete is a material that requires a lot of plaster.

In this form, with profiles inside the walls, they are left for several days so that the plaster layer dries well. Then the profiles are dismantled, and the places of their installation are filled with plaster or repair (cement-sand) mortar.

Note that the inside of the wood concrete plaster is made using exactly the same technology.

Advantages of plastering walls made of wood concrete

If we talk about the advantages of this method of protecting walls erected from wood concrete, then three criteria should be noted.

1. Waterproofing wall material. Any solution described above possesses these qualities. And the thicker the applied layer, the higher the waterproofing characteristics. They are believed to increase depending on the application technology used. protective composition... For example, shotcrete technology using a special machine.
2. Thermal insulation - there is no doubt about it, because the thicker the outer walls, the warmer it is in the house. You can increase this characteristic different ways, for example, use plaster with perlite on wood concrete or with the addition of expanded polystyrene chips.
3. Sound insulation - here everything is the same as with thermal insulation in terms of application thickness. But if you add a crumb to the PP solution, then given characteristic will increase several times.

Conclusion on the topic

So, several issues were considered, affecting the topic - the better to plaster the walls, and how to properly plaster a house from wood concrete. From the information provided, it becomes clear that this process is no different from those associated with leveling brick, block, concrete or stone surfaces. The only difference is the lack of a reinforcing mesh. The rest of the requirements for the ongoing processes are the same.

Of course, it must be borne in mind that wood concrete is a specific material. But it's easy to work with. The plaster fits well on it; there is no need to prepare finishing planes. And this reduces the time for construction operations and funds for the purchase of additional materials.

When erecting walls from wood concrete blocks, it must be remembered that wood concrete absorbs water very quickly. Therefore, before laying the blocks, it is necessary to moisten the blocks in order to avoid drying out of the mortar, which leads to cracks. This is especially true in hot and dry weather. Recommendeduse a "warm" perlite-based solution to avoid "cold bridges".

One of best finishes wood concrete walls outside, in our opinion, is a ventilated facade. On the one hand, this is the protection of the material from external influences and, on the other hand, the opportunity for excess moisture do not accumulate inside, but pass through the walls without hindrance, leaving them dry.

The ventilation façade can be either hinged or brick with a gap of about 5 cm.

The most popular finish for wood concrete is plaster. Nowadays, plaster with perlite is very popular, which not only protects against blowing and improves the appearance, but also gives significant insulation to the walls.

If you decide to make your own masonry mortar and plaster with perlite, it is better to wet the perlite before mixing. Wet perlite is much easier to apply - it does not scatter. In addition, perlite first absorbs water, then gives it back, which creates additional difficulties when preparing a solution with dry perlite.

FINISHING ARBOLITE PRODUCTS

Finishing wood concrete products is one of the most important technological operations... The durability of the structures themselves, as well as the buildings that are built of them, largely depends on the quality of the finish. Physical surveys of buildings for various purposes, carried out in various climatic zones ah of our country, have shown that in structures with a good protective and finishing coating, arbolite has a stable moisture content not exceeding 12%, and the buildings are in good condition. And vice versa, with poor-quality protective and finishing coatings on the surfaces of structures appears a large number of cracks, the textured layer peels off, the structures themselves warp. The moisture content of wood concrete in such structures, regardless of the orientation of the walls and climatic zones, is usually high (more than 30%). With such humidity, the strength indicators of wood concrete sharply decrease, its deformability increases, the thermophysical properties deteriorate and conditions are created for its biological damage.

Due to the fact that wood concrete has a large-pore structure and high sorption surface moisture, structures made of this material must be covered with protective and finishing coatings. The type of protective finishing coating is determined in each specific case, depending on the purpose of the building, its location, existing factory technology and economic feasibility.

Cement-sand mortars, concrete, slab facing and paintwork... To date, the finishing of wood concrete at some operating enterprises is carried out by the method of outlining with a cement-sand layer 15-20 mm thick and, as a rule, one side is finished.

Several enterprises of the USSR Ministry of Forestry carry out bilateral invoicing. Most often, buildings erected from wood concrete structures are finished on construction site... In this case, the walls of wood concrete structures are plastering cement-sand mortar, then from the outside, whitewash with additives of pigments is used (less often painting with paint coatings), and from the inside, depending on the purpose of the building, wallpaper is pasted or painted with various colorful compounds. However, the quality of such finishing is not always high.

In order to protect wood concrete in structures from moisture, we conducted research to find effective protective and finishing coatings. For the research, such protective paint-and-varnish coatings were selected, which proved to be good in the process of operation with cellular concrete. These are paints TsPKhV, KCH-26, VA-27A, latex-organosilicon whitewashing, lime-organosilicon whitewashing, etc.

The quality of the finish was assessed by the frost resistance of the protective and finishing coatings and wood concrete protected by them, by their resistance to alternating wetting and drying, by the decrease in the adhesion strength of the textured layer and wood concrete from these influences. As a result of the research, the following was established:

the best resistance to the action of frost was shown by the coating with cement-perchlorovinyl paint both on the textured layer and on the wood concrete;

paints KCH-26 and VA-27 A, not intended for external coatings, but showing sufficient resistance to frost, can be recommended for finishing and protecting the internal surface of the enclosing structures of unheated buildings with a wet mode of operation;

Latex-organosilicon whitewashing recommended by the Guidelines for the Design and Manufacturing of Arbolite Products can also be used for the protective finishing coating of arbolite structures. However, it should be noted that during its preparation and application, difficulties arise associated with the ongoing reaction between the components of the protein and its stratification. At the same time, it was noted in the studies that small cracks formed on the coating with VA-27A paint after 45 cycles. The formation of cracks on the coating with KCH-26 paint began after 35 cycles, and the latex-organosilicon paint began to peel off in places from the textured layer after 40 cycles.

Thus, the most durable in this respect is the coating with cement-perchlorovinyl paint, both on wood concrete and on the textured layer.

The results of studies of frost resistance of textured layers with various chemical additives and protective finishing coatings also showed the following:

a decrease in water absorption through the textured layer contributes to an increase in its frost resistance;

the studied additives introduced into the textured layer have a positive effect both on reducing water absorption through the textured layer and on the adhesion of the textured layer with wood concrete; best results obtained by introducing a polyvinyl acetate emulsion, calcium nitrate and GKZh-94 into the textured layer;

During the studies, an increase in the adhesion forces of the textured layer with wood concrete was observed after testing the samples for frost resistance, which is probably due to the good waterproofing properties of these coatings, which cause low water absorption of the samples. This allows us to recommend such compositions for implementation in construction practice;

the adhesion strength of the textured layer with wood concrete decreases with moistening and drying, as well as the strength of wood concrete, but more intensively. This is apparently explained by the different magnitude of moisture deformations of the textured layer and wood concrete and the concentration of stresses in the boundary zone;

all protective and finishing coatings applied to the textured layer increase frost resistance and resistance to alternating moisture and drying of the textured layer in comparison with control samples without coating in proportion to their decrease in water absorption through the textured layer.

The most effective coatings turned out to be latex-organosilicon whitewashing and CPHV paint, less effective - coatings with calcium stearate and lime-organosilicon painting. Good protection from moisture is provided by the treatment of the textured layer with water repellents and polymeric materials(GKZh-10, PVA, latex SKS - 65GP).

Studies have shown that the coating of the surfaces of wood concrete structures significantly increases the durability of this material, gives products and buildings built from them a beautiful appearance. However, these types of finishes have not yet been found. wide application in the production of wood concrete, as they are scarce and quite expensive. Considering all these factors, we proposed the protection and finishing of wood concrete with concrete layers with a simultaneous device decorative coating from ceramic breccia.

From the book by A.S. Shcherbakov, L.P.Khoroshun, V.S. Podchufarov “Arbolit. Improving quality and durability "1979.