Is it possible for pregnant women during. What is not allowed during pregnancy? Video

Pregnancy is a special time in the life of any woman, and the way of life while carrying a child can change significantly. It is important to remember that during pregnancy, some of the factors can extremely adversely affect how the fetus develops, and therefore, during pregnancy, there are some quite reasonable restrictions in daily life and entertainment. What should you change in your professional and daily life when two stripes appear on the dough?

Work and professional activities.
Often, due to the nature of their work, women are forced to face harmful factors that could harm pregnancy. Therefore, if the expectant mother works, she is strictly forbidden, including at the legislative level, to work in industries that are associated with harmful factors. Those that have a particularly adverse effect on the development of the fetus include the following:

Exposure to radiation. This effect is especially dangerous during the first trimester, up to 12 weeks of pregnancy, when the organs and systems of the fetus are formed, and organs and tissues are laid and formed. The action of radiation best leads to the provocation of fetal malformations, the formation of mental retardation, spontaneous miscarriages or frozen pregnancy. According to retrospective observations, people who are born to mothers who were systematically exposed to radiation during pregnancy may develop leukemia or malignant neoplasms in the brain over time. Radiologists, laboratory assistants, and production workers are exposed to constant radiation.

Exposure to salts of heavy metals, the most dangerous of which will be mercury, which is contained in electrical equipment, and is also used in chemical, metallurgical and automotive production. Lead, which contains some brands of gasoline, building materials or dyes for fabrics, will be no less dangerous. Systematic contact with heavy metal salts leads to the ability of these salts to accumulate inside the body. Including the accumulation of salts of heavy metals occurs in the tissues of the growing fetus. This leads to the formation of teratogenic effects - fetal malformations develop, embryotoxic effects - damage to the embryo during its initially normal development, as well as the development of cerebral palsy in the future.

Exposure to insecticides and pesticides, special chemicals that are used to control weeds or pests of crops. Contacts with these substances can form malformations of the fetal limbs, mutagenic effects with damage to germ cells, which will lead to the formation of special diseases that are inherited.

Work at night. Typically, night shifts include salespeople, dispatchers, nurses and doctors, production supervisors and other professions. Work at night for any living organism will be unequivocally harmful and difficult, as it leads to disruptions in biological rhythms, which disrupts the normal production of a special hormone - melatonin. This hormone is the main regulator of the daily rhythms of the human body, which leads to the formation of a state of chronic stress. During pregnancy, any stress will negatively affect the development of the fetus, which can lead to spontaneous miscarriages or the development of premature birth. According to scientists, the risks of night shifts are doubled.

Carrying heavy weights. Pregnant women are prohibited from lifting and carrying weights, as such physical activity can lead to miscarriages or provoke premature birth. When it comes to production, there are special specially developed standards, according to which pregnant women, with periodic lifting or moving heavy weights, cannot lift a permissible weight of more than 2.5 kg. And if such rises are very frequent - then no more than 1250.

All issues related to the labor of pregnant women are stipulated and spelled out in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. According to this code, employers, at the request of the pregnant woman herself with the provision of a pregnancy certificate, or at the conclusion of her doctor, are obliged to reduce the production standards for the expectant mother or transfer the pregnant woman to light work. Expectant mothers need to exclude the influence of all unfavorable factors, while transferring to easy work does not mean cutting wages. It is forbidden for pregnant women to work overtime, work at night or send them on business trips.

Household chores and chores.
Although they try to make it easier for pregnant women to work in production, for the most part, for all nine months of pregnancy, household chores cannot be completely ruled out in any case, and the responsibilities of maintaining cleanliness and order in the house will still remain on the shoulders of the hostess in her new interesting position. But it is worth remembering that some of the types of housework during pregnancy should be strictly prohibited. These will include:

Making sharp and impulsive movements, strong body bends in the form of raising full buckets of water, shaking out carpets.
- carrying heavy bags and bags with food. Expectant mothers are strictly forbidden to lift weights over 5 kg
- independent movement and rearrangement of furniture
- performing such household chores in which you have to raise your hands up for a long time, for example, hang curtains (and here you can still fall, losing your balance). It is also worth abandoning such work, which is associated with a sharp raising of arms and tension of the anterior abdominal wall area - to get things from the high shelves of the cabinet, reach for the upper shelves of kitchen cabinets.
- climbing a chair, stool, window sills or stepladder to clean windows, dust off furniture, change burned out light bulbs, etc.
- Prolonged sitting in a squatting position when cleaning carpets or washing the floor.

All these actions can pose risks to the health and normal course of pregnancy in the expectant mother, can damage the fetus due to the fact that the presence of sudden movements, heavy lifting and prolonged forced uncomfortable position leads to the fact that the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are strongly tense. This leads to sharp fluctuations in intrauterine pressure. Such actions can lead to the formation of a threat of termination of pregnancy, as well as to premature discharge of amniotic fluid with the start of labor. In addition, due to the action of hormones during pregnancy, the area of cartilage and joints becomes more mobile and elastic, the center of gravity shifts, which leads to an increased risk of falls, they will become especially dangerous from the height of a window sill, chair or ladder. With a fall, the consequences can be fatal - internal bleeding due to premature placental abruption, the development of acute hemorrhagic shock, and intrauterine fetal death can also occur. Any physical activity should be completely excluded in pregnant women with placenta previa, a special pathology in which the placenta is attached in the cervical region. Her detachment threatens with severe bleeding. Also, loads are prohibited with low placentation, the threat of termination of pregnancy.

Contact with household chemicals, and especially with products that have strong odors and contain potentially hazardous substances, can become dangerous for a pregnant woman. It is especially recommended to abandon the constant use of funds containing:
- chlorine and its derivatives in the form of bleaches, disinfectants and cleaning agents for plumbing fixtures, stain removers and others
- phosphates contained in detergents - powders and gels
- ammonia, which is a part of detergents and cleaning agents, preparations for washing windows
- xylene and tuolene, which are part of fragrances and air fresheners, aerosols.
First of all, with close and regular contact with harmful household chemicals that are contained in our usual cleaning products, it can provoke the development of allergic diseases. During pregnancy, immunity changes and allergic reactions can occur to previously completely harmless substances. In addition, these substances can irritate the mucous membranes of the eyes or respiratory tract, skin.
In addition, it is always worth remembering that harmful chemicals contained in cleaning products can penetrate a woman's body and lead to teratogenic, fetal malformations, effects or mutagenic, causing mutations in fetal cells, actions. To ensure your own safety, you need to carefully study the labels, excluding interaction with products that are marked "toxic", and always use gloves and a protective mask when cleaning in order to exclude direct contact of the substance with the skin and respiratory tract.

It is strictly forbidden to use drugs for the destruction of rodents, insects and pests during pregnancy due to their high toxic effect, they can lead to severe poisoning, which can be dangerous for both the expectant mother and her child.
It is worth abandoning the idea of doing repairs, since this type of activity will combine almost all the options for the dangers and threats that we have listed with you earlier. These are the risks of falling from the height of stools or ladders, excessive physical exertion, as well as the influence of hazardous chemicals that can be found in paints, varnishes and solvents, as well as building materials. Rely on family members or professionals for repairs, but only lead the process yourself, thinking over the design of the house and decorating it.

It is worth refusing to participate in all repair work, and the most optimal for the duration of the repair would be your move to another place so that you do not breathe the vapors of all repair chemicals.

Hello everyone! Today we will talk about bans. Guess who can't afford even a drop of alcohol even on holidays? No, not truck drivers. And for whom is it dangerous to travel with especially valuable "luggage", take medicine and lift weights? Well, is the picture taking shape? Well, of course, I'm talking about pregnant women.

I decided to warn you once again, to remind you that it is categorically impossible during pregnancy. Repetition is the mother of learning, and taking into account the "girl's memory" of expectant mothers, it is a guarantee of a successful pregnancy. I think you will help me in the process, supplement and leave your comments below.

We do not smoke

Let's start? Here is our list of what not to do in "position"

Well, the common truth that you need to forget about addictions in the form of alcohol and cigarettes, although you do not want to repeat it, it is necessary. There is a myth that if a pregnant woman fails to quit smoking before conception, then in the early stages, quitting smoking can negatively affect the fetus. Allegedly, he has already "tried" nicotine, and now he needs it no less than his mother who smokes. Nonsense, nonsense, and, in the language of teenagers, a ridiculous excuse. Nicotine destroys a woman, makes her lungs black, ages the skin, fumigates the whole body with a nasty smell. And the innocent child is poisoned inside, like in a gas chamber! Have you presented? Throw away the started pack, and forget that there are these "stinky sticks" in the world. A pregnant woman should be fragrant, not stinking with nicotine fumes.

Do not even smell alcohol, let alone taste it on your tongue. If you look on the Web for pictures with photos of fetal pathologies due to "one glass of wine on Fridays" or "a bottle of light beer", I assure you, you will immediately lose heart.

You can't get sick, you can't be treated too

Drinking medicines without the knowledge of the doctor, and even with contraindications for pregnant women. “Yes, I’m just a pill of analgin,” future mothers often babble at a gynecologist's appointment. No and no again. No analginum, aspirin, especially antibiotics. Everything is strictly according to the doctor's prescription and in the dosage prescribed by him. Otherwise, it will turn out that you will heal yourself, and cripple the crumbs.

Night parties in clubs with girlfriends are a thing of the past and now loom in the still very distant future. When the baby grows up, goes to kindergarten, then, having asked your spouse for time off, you can have fun. Loud music during pregnancy is harmful. This is scientifically proven. Too active dancing too, and people who smoke around make you and your child passive smokers. Here are the dangers of this nightclub of yours. At night, mom and baby should sleep, and not arrange frantic dances.

Avoid hard work. If you work in production and are forced to carry heavy loads and "plow" in two shifts, immediately write a statement asking for a transfer to a more gentle job. Do not move cabinets and other furniture at home. Let your spouse do it. Physical activity in the gym is no longer for you either. Pulling a barbell, dumbbells, running on a treadmill will be possible later. Now you must maintain your figure in a different way, with proper nutrition and regime. Simple elementary exercises at home can and should be performed. Only if you feel the slightest discomfort, finish immediately and go on to water treatments.

You cannot travel long distances during pregnancy. The third trimester is especially dangerous in this regard, although it is better to refrain from traveling in the first trimester. And in fact, and in another case, the child can be lost. I think giving birth on an airplane or train is also not quite what you would like. It is only in Hollywood "action" that it looks spectacular and ends well. In fact, this may not be the case at all. In addition, acclimatization can be bad for your well-being with your baby. Postpone the "voyage", soon you will be able to make it already with the crumb.

Avoid stress. At work, at home, in the queue of the supermarket, do not conflict, be more restrained, leave where a quarrel or a violent showdown is brewing. In short, take care of your nerves. The baby in the tummy is nervous and worried with you, worries, the uterus is toning, and a petrified stomach is, you know, nothing good.

If possible, do not get sick. Say, a difficult prohibition, almost impossible? I partially agree. Well, how can you never catch a runny nose or ARVI in 9 months? However, try to keep yourself safe. During an epidemic of influenza or rotavirus, do not go to crowded places (cinemas, shops) where you can get infected. Smear the sinuses with "oxolinka", wear a protective mask. Air more often at home, eat vitamins, garlic, lemon. Our task is to prevent infection from entering the body. In the 1st and 2nd trimester, chickenpox, rubella, flu are especially dangerous,

Fast food - fight

Finally, I'll tell you about what pregnant women should not eat. Yes, yes, and there is such a ban on our list. Did you think that you need to gobble up everything you see in a double portion? Not at all. Memorize or, better, write down and hang on the fridge so as not to forget: soft cheese (feta, goat, mozzarella), raw, uncooked or "in a bag" boiled eggs, chips, store-bought croutons with flavors, fast food, noodles, etc. instant soup, alcohol (sweets with alcoholic fillings are also prohibited), coffee and green tea (contain caffeine), herbal teas of unknown composition.

I think you yourself knew more than half of the items on today's list, but now you will become completely disciplined future mothers. I can already see how you go to bed at 9 pm, do exercises in the morning and eat oatmeal, and then take a two-hour walk around the city. Oh yes, smart girls! I am proud of you, and your little ones too. They re-educated their mothers. I think I also had a little hand in this.

I’m very glad if it was helpful. I look forward to feedback, positive, criticizing, indignant, different. I would be grateful to everyone for your feedback. Share the post on social media and come back. We'll chat soon on other topics of interest to you.

There are many prohibitions that accompany pregnant women. What advice regarding what not to do for pregnant really should you listen? What prohibitions should be ignored? Some rules are nothing more than fears, superstitions. One of these superstitions is the opinion that women in position should not cut their hair, travel, eat citrus fruits and do fitness. These or those activities can be harmful to the health of the expectant mother, depending on the place and time. So, in the last stages of pregnancy, travel abroad is prohibited. Fitness classes should be lightweight, no exercise equipment.

Don't change the climate

Begins a list of what not to do for pregnant, climate change. Traveling is not prohibited in the early stages of pregnancy. Doctors allow flights to other countries up to 24-26 weeks. But flights are prohibited at a later date. This is due to changes in atmospheric pressure. Low blood pressure can even lead to premature birth. Some women find it difficult to tolerate simple weather changes, and at low atmospheric pressure it is generally better not to leave the house. In winter, changing the frost in the sun is not recommended even for those ladies whose pregnancy is calm.

Don't go to the hairdresser

Such advice, what not to do for pregnant, will only cause protest and stress. A woman, being in an interesting position, should not stop caring for herself. In addition, pregnancy is not always a natural adornment of the female sex. Visits to hairdressing salons are not prohibited. Special attention should be paid to such a procedure as hair dyeing. It is not prohibited to use natural paints that do not contain chemical dyes. Chemicals can be dangerous for the expectant mother and baby. In the salon, it is imperative to inform the master about his pregnancy, which will allow him to pick up non-toxic paints.

Don't talk on the phone

Cellular use has been proven to be what not to do for pregnant.But in the modern world, communications are built mainly on communication through such intermediaries as the Internet and a mobile phone. So it will be quite difficult to refuse to use a cell phone, even knowing its harm. If you harshly take away the phone from the young lady, it will lead to even greater nervousness - cut off from the world will worry about her relatives. It is necessary to limit communication on the phone, do not fall asleep next to a mobile phone. It is advisable to completely turn off the device at night.

Do not limit yourself to food

The main rule during pregnancy is to eat whatever you want. Diets can lead to trauma and physical illness. Nature is so arranged that the immunity of the fair sex decreases during gestation. Diets and unbalanced nutrition will only lead to its weakening. But this does not mean that you can eat everything indiscriminately. You should try to eat less unhealthy foods, especially after the 16th week of pregnancy. What foods are considered unhealthy food? First of all, these are sweets, cakes, salty, fried, spicy, bananas, grapes. You need to try to tune yourself to a healthy diet.

No hot tubs

Taking hot baths for a long time can lead to dizziness and increased blood pressure. Experts especially advise to carry out contrasting procedures. A contrast shower is a hardening that has a beneficial effect on the body. Instead of a shower, it is better to use a container. The water should be doused from head to toe. The redistribution of blood resulting from the procedure is beneficial for the functioning of organs such as the brain, liver, heart, and for the reproductive system. Dousing with cold water is a procedure to which it is much easier to accustom yourself than to sports training. Experiments should begin with dousing your feet, gradually rising higher.

Do not play sports

If before pregnancy the girl did not lead an active lifestyle, did not visit the pool, fitness training, then if you start doing fitness during pregnancy, complications may arise even with minor loads. For those young ladies who want to keep in shape and further, there is only one advice: do not be too zealous. In case of complications during gestation, it is impossible to play sports. For the inexperienced, light home workouts, such as cleaning, are suitable. The main thing is to monitor the correct breathing. At maximum load and with muscle tension, inhale, and when relaxed, exhale. Thanks to simple cleaning activates metabolic processes, blood flows to the muscles.

Don't drink a lot of water

At the insistence of doctors, pregnant women are advised not to drink more than 2 liters of water per day, preferably 1.5 liters. Natural juices should prevail among the liquid. It is advisable for ladies to exclude from the diet not only coffee, which increases blood pressure, but also tea. Even green is not recommended. Strongly concentrated infusions can be dangerous. Mineral water is also undesirable for the expectant mother. The amount of fluid you consume has a lot to do with proper nutrition. The balance is improved if you exclude spicy and salty. Do not forget that liquid is not only water, but also soups, fruits and juices.

Do not smoke or inhale smoke

Smoking is dangerous for both the smoker and the bystander. Scientists have long concluded that inhaling cigarette smoke is harmful to human health. Intrauterine growth retardation can occur from secondhand smoke during pregnancy. The possibility of premature birth is not excluded. Inhalation of smoke from someone else's cigarette can lead to the development of cancerous tumors in the fetus. Individuals who smoke are at double risk. Babies born to women who smoke are more likely to have problems with the central nervous system and weigh little. You should try to quit smoking at least before the fourth month of pregnancy.

For many girls, everything related to pregnancy and childbirth causes panic. And when it comes time to think about offspring, fear prevents you from focusing on the main thing - the birth of a child, forcing all thoughts to devote to the possible negative aspects of both processes. There is another extreme - the belief that nature will do everything by itself, which means that there is nothing to worry about at all. Both points of view are wrong. Pregnancy and childbirth are natural processes. But a woman must prepare herself for them mentally and physically, have enough knowledge about how this happens, do everything in her power to safely carry and give birth to a healthy baby.

Read in this article

The need for this is due not only to the material capabilities of the family. Here the most important thing is the health of both parents, their preparedness for the birth of a child, the creation of favorable conditions for this. The process should start 2-3 months before the expected fertilization. It includes:

Quitting smoking and alcohol;
Normalization of nutrition with the obligatory use of a large amount of vitamins, trace elements, fiber;
Healthy physical activity with frequent outdoor activities. This part of the preparation is especially useful for a woman, because it is she who has to bear a child and childbirth, which require endurance and energy consumption;
Avoiding stress.

Actually, there is nothing complicated in these requirements, it would be good for everyone to lead such a lifestyle constantly.

Which doctors should you visit

Future parents should definitely be examined by doctors. A woman needs to visit doctors of the following specialties:

Gynecologist. It is good that this is a specialist who will then observe the entire pregnancy. He should know about past illnesses, childbirth, abortion. The gynecologist will need the results of tests for flora, cytology, viral infections (HIV, hepatitis, syphilis), PCR studies for sexually transmitted infections, cytomegalovirus, as well as information on the body's susceptibility to rubella;
Dentist. Before pregnancy, you need to get rid of infections in the oral cavity, caries;
Cardiologist;
Otorhinolaryngologist;
Allergist;
Endocrinologist.

In addition to the analyzes mentioned, more research needs to be done:

Ultrasound of the reproductive organs and mammary glands;
Blood and urine tests (general and biochemical);
Hormone levels;
Ultrasound of the thyroid gland.

If a woman is not having her first attempt at getting pregnant, the specialist may consider it necessary to prescribe:

Colposcopy of the cervix;
Hysteroscopy;
Endometrial biopsy.

Taking oral contraceptives, as well as contraception with the use of an IUD, must be interrupted 2-3 months before conception. If the family has genetic diseases or one of the future parents had radiation exposure, it is worth visiting the appropriate specialist.

In order for conception to happen exactly when the future parents want, it is necessary to calculate the most favorable days for it. Ovulation occurs at about 11-16, if you count from the first day of menstruation.

The most important thing during pregnancy

In this period, there are many nuances that you should know so that everything goes harmoniously and safely for the woman and the unborn baby. Correct behavior will help avoid many potential problems.

Tests

A woman will be able to understand that she is pregnant, based on her own health. But it will be a little later, but until the first signs appear, a pregnancy test will come to the rescue. Whatever it is, its functioning is based on the determination of human chorionic gonadotropin in the urine, which appears immediately after implantation of the embryo inside the uterus, that is, 7-10 days after conception. And if you make a test on the first day of the expected, but not coming menstruation, it will be informative. These devices are of several types:

Test strips. They are impregnated with a reagent that, when immersed in morning urine, gives a result with an accuracy of 95% in 5-10 seconds. If another control line appears next to the existing control line, the woman is pregnant;
Tablet. Able to indicate pregnancy with a delay of less than a week. A drop of morning urine is placed in the window provided for this. After a while, the result is visible in the adjacent rectangle;
Jet. Detects pregnancy with high accuracy at the earliest possible date. The receiving tip of the device is placed under the stream of urine, and the result will be visible in a few minutes in the window provided for this.

It happens that tests give out information that does not correspond to reality. The reason for this is a violation of instructions or taking drugs containing hCG.

How to determine the term

To track pregnancy, both the doctor and the expectant mother need to know its duration. This is the basis for the appointment of studies, monitoring the development of the fetus, the possibility of identifying pathology. Thanks to the knowledge of the due date, it is easy to determine the date of the upcoming birth. There are several methods of counting:

On the day of ovulation. It happens around the middle of the cycle. If it is 28 days, then conception occurred 14 days after the start date of the last menstruation. It is possible to identify the day of ovulation by regular measurements of the basal temperature;
With the help of ultrasound. The screen clearly shows the size of the ovum, according to which the doctor will calculate the term. This method is most informative up to 24 weeks;
Examination of the uterus. The gynecologist will determine the period by its size, starting from the 5th week, when the organ begins to increase;
By the first movement of the fetus. As a rule, this happens at 18-20 weeks, sometimes at the 16th. It's a bit late, but some inattentive women find out about pregnancy this way.

How to live with pregnancy

The lifestyle should be aimed at ensuring the normal development of the unborn child and the well-being of the woman. This does not mean that all pleasures become inaccessible, but the life of the expectant mother becomes more orderly:

It is necessary to monitor the diet so that the fetus receives enough vitamins and microelements. For the time being, forget about coffee, green tea, seafood, legumes, fewer carbohydrates, from which weight increases. But meat, fish, dairy products, vegetables, fruits are not prohibited in the diet;
Vitamins must be taken as directed by a doctor. Folic acid is especially important. But vitamin A needs moderate doses, otherwise the child is threatened with pathology;
Rest and comfort are the main components of the daily routine. This also applies to clothes and underwear. Sleep should be at least 8 hours, mental, physical and emotional stress is reduced. 1.5-hour walks in the fresh air, exercises to strengthen the spine, abdominal muscles, perineum are important;
The use of transport should be limited due to possible shaking, which creates unwanted vibration;
Lifting weights and shock domestic work, especially with the use of chemicals, is prohibited;
Alcohol and smoking are enemies of pregnancy. Even infrequent use can provoke deformities in a child;
Medicines and plants are taken only as directed by a doctor;
You should still take care of yourself carefully, but without the use of toxic cosmetics, acrylic and ammonia materials, tanning beds, and hardware methods. It is better to choose care and hygiene products that are specially created for pregnant women;
The breast is prepared for future feeding by washing with warm and cool water, air baths for 10 minutes 3 times a day;
With a normal pregnancy, vaginal sex is not prohibited. With an increase in the term, it is only necessary to protect the growing belly from pressure on it.

Feeling unimportant is not uncommon at different periods of pregnancy. Typical problems in women:

Toxicosis. It manifests itself from the beginning of pregnancy with nausea, vomiting, aversion to food and some odors. By the 12th week, toxicosis passes, but even before that time, its symptoms can be alleviated by eating a piece of salty cookies with sweetened weak tea in the morning, drinking 1.5 liters of liquid per day, reducing portions and increasing the number of meals to 6;
in the legs. The enlarging uterus constricts the vessels, so the blood supply to the muscles is disrupted. The body can be deficient in calcium and potassium. Products containing these microelements will help, mini-exercises with squeezing-unclenching of the toes;
Dizziness. They can occur for various reasons: stuffiness, tightness, fatigue. You can cope with the problem by avoiding the conditions that create it;
Insomnia. It is caused by anxiety and changes in the body, which provoke the need to frequently go to the toilet, the inability to choose a comfortable position because of the abdomen. Sleep at the same hours, drinking warm milk shortly before it, daytime rest will help;
... You can eliminate the problem if you drink a glass of water after waking up, and add lemon juice to it before eating, walk a lot, introduce prunes and dried apricots into the diet.

Childbirth: readiness number 1

In the entire chain of childbearing, women are most afraid of this. Childbirth is a serious challenge, but the vast majority of mothers have successfully overcome it. In addition, there are specialists who are always ready to help.

What to take to the hospital

The necessary things and documents should be prepared in advance. Before giving birth, you need to take with you only those that are needed directly for the woman and the newborn. Everything else is collected and left for later, these things will later be brought by a happy father.
The documents:

Passport;
Exchange card;
The results of the latest analyzes for today;
Medical policy;
Generic certificate;
Agreement with the clinic (if concluded).

Things for childbirth and stay in the ward:

Spacious nightgown;
Socks, thin and thicker, but not woolen;
Hygiene supplies (soap, comb, toothbrush and toothpaste, napkins, toilet paper);
A pair of small terry towels;
Robe;
Washable slippers with non-slip soles.

Items that will be needed after childbirth and at discharge:

Sanitary pads and disposable underwear for mom;
2 with front closure;
Cream for cracked nipples;
Laxative suppositories;
Diapers for a newborn 1 set. Another one is bought already in accordance with the size of the baby;
Baby soap, cream, soft towel;
Sterile cotton wool;
Thin and thick undershirts, bonnets, diapers, mittens;
Blanket or "envelope", hat, overalls, socks for discharge. All things according to the weather;
Clothes and cosmetics for mom. The one in which the woman came to the hospital is likely to be great.

How is childbirth going?

Healthy women give birth to a child in a natural way, that is, through the birth canal. The process, assisted by a midwife or doctor, is divided into 3 phases:

The first is counted from the beginning of regular contractions until the cervix is fully dilated by 4 cm. This is the longest part - 8-10 hours. Sometimes the process is stimulated with medications;
The second lasts 3-4 hours. The contractions intensify and become more frequent, the fetal bladder opens and water leaves. The cervix opens up to 6-8 cm, and the fetus moves to the level of the pelvic floor;
The third is characterized by the opening of the uterine pharynx by 10-12 cm and lasts from 20 minutes to 2 hours. It passes into the main part of childbirth, although, according to sensations, the activity of the process is weakened. But this is not so, it is after the full disclosure of the cervix that the head of the fetus passes through the pelvic ring, and after 8-10 attempts of the mother, the baby comes out. Sometimes a woman's crotch is dissected to facilitate this part of the path.

During the first two phases, the woman is allowed to sit and walk to stimulate labor. In some clinics, the process is carried out with anesthesia. The condition of the woman in labor is monitored by measuring pressure, temperature, and doing vaginal examinations.

After the baby is born and the pulsation in the umbilical cord stops, it is cut. The afterbirth leaves the uterus after 2-3 contractions, the woman is injected with drugs to prevent bleeding.

Cesarean section

Should be prescribed according to indications, but sometimes it is done at the request of the woman. A planned operation is carried out as follows:

On the operating table, the woman is given an epidural or general anesthetic. They put a dropper and a pressure measuring device, as well as a catheter to drain urine;
The woman's abdomen is wiped with an antiseptic, the doctor cuts the abdominal wall and the anterior uterus, removes the baby, cuts the umbilical cord. It takes 10-15 minutes;
The surgeon separates the placenta, examines the uterine cavity, sutures the organ. Then the sutures are applied to the abdominal wall, a bandage and ice on top;
A woman is placed in intensive care for a day, where saline and antibiotics are administered.

After transfer to the ward, the stitches are treated every day, the anesthetic is stopped in 3-4 days.

The woman's body is recovering faster;

No need to waste time looking for suitable baby food, money to buy it, fiddling with preparing and sterilizing bottles.

Usually the baby is applied to the breast on the third day after giving birth, and before that the woman has to express herself. It hurts, but it is necessary that then you can feed for at least 6 months, and preferably up to a year. In this regard, new mothers are worried about two problems:

Lack of milk;
Cracked nipples.

The first is solved by frequent latching of the child to the breast, taking lactation-stimulating agents: infusion of anise seeds, grated carrots with sour cream. A woman will have to drink plenty of fluids and eat right in order to prevent gas formation in the baby.

Cracked nipples should be treated with special creams and air baths. It is also necessary to learn how to properly breastfeed the baby so that he grabs the nipple along with the areola.

Body after childbirth

In this part, the stomach delivers the most suffering to women. It is no longer as flat as before; during pregnancy, the muscles stretched and sagged slightly. But you don't have to put up with it. There are some measures you can take:

Change your diet. If you include oatmeal, rice, vegetables, fruits in the diet, drink plenty of water, this will spur metabolic processes. Belly fat will slowly but steadily begin to go away. Keep in mind that high amounts of fiber are harmful to babies if they are breastfeeding. And fasting is unacceptable, because milk will disappear. Therefore, in your zeal for harmony, you need to know when to stop;
Restore muscle tone. Sparing exercises for the abdomen will help: abdominal breathing, its tension during a walk, for household chores. You need to increase the load gradually, you can intensively engage in six months after childbirth, if they have passed without complications.

Postpartum discharge

The uterus after childbirth does not recover in a day. This process stretches for some time, during which the woman has lochia. At first, they contain a lot of blood, then they gradually brighten and by the end of the 6-8th week after childbirth they acquire transparency or white color.

Menstruation can come in 1.5-2 months if the woman is not breastfeeding. Lactation lengthens the period without menstruation up to six months. But on average and with breastfeeding, they begin at the 4th month after childbirth, because by this time the child is already injected with complementary foods and less applied to the breast.

Sex after childbirth

You will have to refrain from it for another 4-6 weeks if the birth was normal. The sexual sphere of a woman must fully recover, then sex will be a joy, and will not cause pain and infection.
After a caesarean section or perineal laceration, it will take 2 months to recover.

At the first sexual intercourse, a woman may feel pain and discomfort. This is due to vaginal dryness, which can be corrected with a lubricant, or better with a long prelude to the act. The tone of the walls is almost always reduced. But this problem is also solvable by training the vagina with Kegel exercises.

Pregnancy is a time of waiting, hopes and worries, it is shrouded in riddles and secrets. The expectant mother is looking forward to when her child will be born: after all, only then will it be possible to finally really examine the child and make sure that everything is in order with him. In the meantime, this has not happened, everything related to fetal development, causes anxiety in the pregnant woman and a desire to do something to protect the baby from adversity and contribute to the successful course of pregnancy and childbirth. Unfortunately, one of the popular ways to "protect" from complications of pregnancy is to follow various prejudices.

To unequivocally claim that everything signs during pregnancy stupid and groundless, you can't. Along with outright superstitions - such as claims that a haircut during pregnancy shortens the life of a child, and the advance purchase of a baby dowry can cause premature birth, there are prejudices that are not entirely devoid of meaning.

People, observing the course of pregnancy and childbirth for centuries, tried to establish some causal relationship between the actions of the expectant mother and the state of the fetus. The conclusions drawn from these observations were based on a certain, not very high, level of knowledge about the features of intrauterine development; therefore, many of the conclusions, known today as omens, turned out to be wrong. However, for some myths of this kind, there is a perfectly reasonable explanation.

If you scare a pregnant woman, the child will be ugly.

The mother's fright cannot be directly reflected in the child's facial features; however, if you do not try to take the omen literally, it takes on a certain meaning. Fear suppresses the normal functioning of the nervous system, paralyzes the will, and leads to the development of emotional stress and depression.

The feeling of fear is accompanied by the release of adrenaline in the body of a pregnant woman, a biologically active substance that negatively affects the work of the heart, blood circulation and the state of the nervous system. Adrenaline during pregnancy, circulating in the blood of a woman experiencing fear, causes tachycardia - a rapid heartbeat, hypertension - an increase in blood pressure, increases the excitability of the cerebral cortex. These changes in well-being are extremely undesirable for the expectant mother, since the increase in vascular tone and the excitability of the nervous system directly leads to the development of uterine hypertonicity - the main factor in the threat of termination of pregnancy and premature onset of labor.

With high blood pressure, placental blood flow suffers and, therefore, the transport of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus is impaired. Against the background of a panic state, the risk of such dangerous complications as preeclampsia- toxic impairment of kidney function in late pregnancy, which is manifested by high blood pressure, an increase in edema and protein in the urine; acute placental insufficiency - impaired blood flow in the placenta; premature placental abruption.

Severe stress associated with fright can lead to disruption of placental blood flow, on which the nutrition and respiration of the fetus depend, or provoke an increase in the tone of the uterus - the threat of termination of pregnancy... So maternal fear is really dangerous for the baby.

Pregnant can not raise your hands up: the umbilical cord will wrap the baby's neck.

In this regard, it is generally accepted that during pregnancy a woman should not hang underwear, straighten curtains, do exercises with raised arms. By itself, the "hands up" pose does not threaten mom and baby; but it is really worth refraining from sudden movements of the arms upward, as, for example, when playing volleyball, basketball or tennis. Abrupt movements are associated with significant stress on the diaphragm and the "upper press", which can adversely affect the placental blood flow and even cause placental abruption. Also, do not stay in an uncomfortable position for a long time with your arms raised up - for example, hold on to the top handrail in public transport. And you can hang the linen - only without sudden movements!

During pregnancy, you must not sleeping on the back: the child will suffocate.

For many women late in pregnancy prolonged supine position really becomes uncomfortable: dizziness appears, and the baby begins to move too actively. This phenomenon is called the inferior vena cava syndrome, since the unpleasant sensations of the expectant mother in the supine position are associated precisely with the pressure of the uterus on the inferior vena cava. It is one of the largest venous vessels in the human body; it is located behind the uterus in the pelvic area. The inferior vena cava is responsible for "venous return" - it collects venous blood from all vessels of the lower extremities and pelvis and returns it to the heart. With a prolonged horizontal position on the back, the pressure of the uterus on this important vessel may increase; in this case, the return of venous blood to the heart is difficult and the expectant mother experiences dizziness, anxiety, nausea, palpitations, and a feeling of lack of air. If dizziness or other discomfort occurs, it is worth changing the position of the body; however, if this position is comfortable, it does not in itself do any harm to the baby.

Pregnant can not there is red - the child will be born with a red face.

Of course, the color of the baby's skin does not depend on diet of a pregnant woman... However, from the point of view of immunology and allergology, this sign does not seem so meaningless. There is a theory of "ethnically close and distant products", according to which the consumption of, for example, exotic fruits is associated in the future with the risk of developing allergic reactions in the child. Fruits, vegetables and, in general, any red foods are considered the most allergenic, but not only they can give such a result. The main thing is to give preference to products that are typical for your habitat, and not to try new, exotic dishes while waiting for the baby!

Pregnant can not there is a lot - you will feed the child.

The gist of this popular claim is that abundant food pregnant directly affects the large weight of the child at the time of birth. And as you know, a large fetus complicates childbirth for a woman and a baby, reduces the possibility of natural childbirth and expands the indications for operative delivery - cesarean section. In this sense, the statement is incorrect: there is no direct digestive tube between the body of the mother and the baby.

Food consumed by a pregnant woman breaks down in the digestive tract to proteins, fats and carbohydrates. What the body needs for energy metabolism is absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestinal wall and delivered through the vessels to the baby. Excess food is removed from the mother's body through the intestines, part of it is deposited in the form of "reserves for a rainy day" in adipose tissue. Thus, the surplus nutrition of a pregnant woman remain in the mother's body, but do not get to the baby and do not directly affect the size and weight of the newborn. Exceptions are endocrine (hormonal) diseases of the mother, accompanied by significant metabolic disorders. A striking example of such a disease is diabetes mellitus. The large weight of the newborn in this case is associated with a violation of the regulation of the absorption of nutrients in the mother's body.

However, there is another danger in overeating - it affects an increase in the body weight of a pregnant woman, which, in turn, is fraught with an increase in blood pressure. Wrong nutrition of a pregnant woman can lead to the development of gestosis - a pathology of pregnancy, manifested by edema, increased blood pressure and loss of protein in the urine. One of the common consequences of gestosis, or late toxicosis of pregnancy, is placental insufficiency - a decrease in the speed and quality of blood flow at the placenta level. As a result of the deterioration of placental blood flow, the baby receives less nutrients and oxygen. Therefore, the most common result of placental insufficiency is a delay in the physical development of the fetus. Thus, the omen cannot be called completely groundless: overeating for a future mother is really harmful. But on the weight of the fetus, this is reflected exactly the opposite: against the background of weight gain and a decrease in the rate of placental blood flow, the baby suffers from a lack of nutrition and grows worse than his "peers"!

In addition to prejudices that connect certain actions of the mother with the health of the fetus, there are signs that "help" future parents to learn more about the baby; most often, these folk wisdom are used to determine the sex of the child.

The gender of the baby can be guessed by the shape of the pregnant belly.

According to this belief, a protruding tummy indicates a boy, and a round one guarantees the birth of a girl. In fact, an enlargement of the abdomen with a "cucumber" or "apple", as these forms are popularly called, has nothing to do with the sex of the fetus. The shape of the abdomen does not depend at all on the sex of the child, but on its position in the uterus, as well as on the amount of water, the tone of the abdominal muscles, the shape of the pelvis and the constitution of the expectant mother. A strongly protruding abdomen can be associated with narrowing of the pelvic bones or weak abdominal press of the expectant mother, polyhydramnios, breech presentation or oblique position of the fetus, and finally, with multiple pregnancies. A "wide" tummy is usually a feature of large women with a wide pelvis; in addition, the wide and slightly protruding shape of the abdomen may indicate the lateral position of the fetus in the uterus.

Boys "push" more than girls.

This popular method of determining the sex of the unborn child was based on the frequency of his movements during pregnancy: if the baby is calm, there will be a girl, but the boy often pushes and worries the expectant mother. Unfortunately, this method, like the previous one, is not objective. The frequency of fetal movements does not depend on the sex of the child, but on the timing and characteristics course of pregnancy... The longer the period, the larger the baby and the better developed his muscles, which means - the more movements he can perform.

Sometimes, significant fetal motor activity may indicate a lack of placental blood flow. The baby's nutrition and respiration depend on the speed of blood circulation in the vessels of the uterus, placenta and umbilical cord. When, for various reasons, the blood flow slows down, the fetus begins to actively move; as a result, his heart rate increases, and from this, in turn, blood flow accelerates.

Another reason for frequent fetal movements- excess or lack of amniotic fluid. With polyhydramnios, the fetus can move freely and even change position in the uterus until the end of pregnancy. In the case of the development of oligohydramnios, the baby experiences more than usual pressure from the walls of the uterus; moving, he tries to reduce the tone of the myometrium and normalize his own blood circulation. Finally, how the pregnant woman feels the movements of the fetus depends not only on the frequency of its movements, but also on the characteristics of its location in the uterus. With the pelvic, oblique and transverse position, the movement of the crumbs is much more noticeable and more unpleasant for the mother. And in the case when the baby lies flat with its back forward, the movements may be felt weaker than usual.

Sensation fetal movements also depends on the physique of the expectant mother: graceful ladies can feel the movements of the baby already from the 16-18th week, and women with excess weight begin to feel the movements of the fetus later and weaker.

The boy "makes the pregnant woman younger", and the girl "steals the beauty".

According to this sign, a good complexion, luxurious hair and an even pregnant skin indicate the male gender of the baby. Waiting for a girl, on the other hand, makes a woman “look foolish”: ugly brownish spots appear on the skin of the face and décolleté, and sometimes all over the body; stretch marks are visible on the chest, abdomen, shoulders and hips; the hair grows dull, falls out and splits; nails break, teeth deteriorate.

In fact, the condition of the hair, nails and skin of the expectant mother is not determined by the gender of the baby, but the vitamins and minerals that enter her body. First of all, these are iron, folic acid, calcium, vitamins A and E, as well as many other useful trace elements.

Pale skin, hair loss and unsightly streaks on the nails can be a symptom anemia of pregnant women- a decrease in blood hemoglobin due to a deficiency of iron and folic acid.

Vitamins responsible for the elasticity and tone of the skin, silky hair and shiny nails - A and E; dryness and lethargy of the skin, dullness of hair and nails signal a lack of these vitamins in the mother's body. Calcium is responsible for the strength of nails and hair, it also provides the white color of the enamel of the teeth; with a calcium deficiency, teeth crumble, enamel tarnishes and darkens, caries develops.

The amount of these nutrients in the body of the expectant mother does not depend at all on the sex of the fetus, but on diet of a pregnant woman and bowel movements. Hair loss, brittle nails, dry skin and other "ugly" changes during pregnancy may be associated with a lack of meat, eggs, vegetable and butter, spinach, herbs and dairy products - cheese, cottage cheese, yogurt in the menu of the expectant mother. Another, no less frequent cause of vitamin deficiency is a violation of the absorption of vitamins and microelements in the intestine against the background of an inflammatory process in diseases such as enteritis, enterocolitis, gastritis, in case of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, in violation of the function of the liver, gall bladder and pancreas.

A lack of iron, calcium, vitamins of group A and E in the blood of a pregnant woman can have a bad effect on during pregnancy and fetal development. Iron is part of hemoglobin, a protein responsible for the supply of oxygen to the fetus; calcium is necessary for the formation of bones and the formation of the baby's teeth; vitamins ensure the full development of the nervous system and the musculoskeletal system - the elasticity of the ligaments and the mobility of the joints. Therefore, if, despite good nutrition and intake vitamins for pregnant women, the expectant mother is worried about the deterioration of the condition of her hair, nails, teeth and skin, she does not need to guess about the gender of the unborn child, but to consult a doctor about her health.

As you can see, changes in the appearance of the expectant mother are in no way related to the sex of the fetus. The condition of hair, nails and teeth depends on the intake and assimilation of the calcium mineral in the body. Smoothing of wrinkles and smooth, beautiful skin, as well as the appearance of pigmentation or stretch marks, is explained by hormonal changes during pregnancy. However, changes in the appearance of the expectant mother do not depend in any way on the sex of the child!

The desire to learn more about your baby and protect him from harm is natural for any mother. However, pregnancy should not turn into a series of rituals. In order to find out the sex of the child, today you can simply do an ultrasound. And in order for the baby to grow and develop well, you need not guess on the coffee grounds, but try to learn more about pregnancy, follow the doctor's recommendations and lead a healthy lifestyle.