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We have a lot of things stored in our kitchen that we can use most interesting experiments for children. Well, for myself, to be honest, make a couple of discoveries from the “how did I not notice this before” category.
website I chose 9 experiments that will delight children and raise many new questions in them.
1. Lava lamp
Needed: Salt, water, a glass of vegetable oil, a few food colors, a large transparent glass or glass jar.
Experience: Fill the glass 2/3 with water, pour vegetable oil into the water. Oil will float on the surface. Add food coloring to water and oil. Then slowly add 1 teaspoon of salt.
Explanation: Oil is lighter than water, so it floats on the surface, but salt is heavier than oil, so when you add salt to a glass, the oil and salt begin to sink to the bottom. As the salt breaks down, it releases oil particles and they rise to the surface. Food coloring will help make the experience more visual and spectacular.
2. Personal rainbow
Needed: A container filled with water (bathtub, basin), a flashlight, a mirror, a sheet of white paper.
Experience: Pour water into a container and place a mirror on the bottom. We direct the light of the flashlight onto the mirror. The reflected light must be caught on the paper on which a rainbow should appear.
Explanation: A ray of light consists of several colors; when it passes through the water, it breaks down into its component parts - in the form of a rainbow.
3. Vulcan
Needed: Tray, sand, plastic bottle, food coloring, soda, vinegar.
Experience: A small volcano should be molded around a small plastic bottle from clay or sand - for the surroundings. To cause an eruption, you should pour two tablespoons of soda into the bottle, pour in a quarter cup warm water, add a little food coloring, and at the end pour in a quarter cup of vinegar.
Explanation: When baking soda and vinegar come into contact, a violent reaction begins, releasing water, salt and carbon dioxide. Gas bubbles push the contents out.
4. Growing crystals
Needed: Salt, water, wire.
Experience: To obtain crystals, you need to prepare a supersaturated salt solution - one in which the salt does not dissolve when adding a new portion. In this case, you need to keep the solution warm. To make the process go better, it is desirable that the water be distilled. When the solution is ready, it must be poured into a new container to get rid of the debris that is always in the salt. Next, you can lower a wire with a small loop at the end into the solution. Place the jar in a warm place so that the liquid cools more slowly. In a few days, beautiful salt crystals will grow on the wire. If you get the hang of it, you can grow fairly large crystals or patterned crafts on twisted wire.
Explanation: As the water cools, the solubility of the salt decreases, and it begins to precipitate and settle on the walls of the vessel and on your wire.
5. Dancing coin
Needed: Bottle, coin to cover the neck of the bottle, water.
Experience: The empty, unclosed bottle should be placed in the freezer for a few minutes. Moisten a coin with water and cover the bottle removed from the freezer with it. After a few seconds, the coin will begin to jump and, hitting the neck of the bottle, make sounds similar to clicks.
Explanation: The coin is lifted by air, which compressed in the freezer and occupied a smaller volume, but has now heated up and begun to expand.
6. Colored milk
Needed: Whole milk, food coloring, liquid detergent, cotton swabs, plate.
Experience: Pour milk into a plate, add a few drops of coloring. Then you need to take a cotton swab, dip it in the detergent and touch the swab to the very center of the plate with milk. The milk will begin to move and the colors will begin to mix.
Explanation: Detergent reacts with fat molecules in milk and sets them in motion. This is why skim milk is not suitable for the experiment.
7. Fireproof bill
Needed: Ten-ruble bill, tongs, matches or lighter, salt, 50% alcohol solution (1/2 part alcohol to 1/2 part water).
Experience: Add a pinch of salt to the alcohol solution, immerse the bill in the solution until it is completely saturated. Remove the bill from the solution with tongs and let it drain excess liquid. Set the bill on fire and watch it burn without getting burned.
Explanation: The combustion of ethyl alcohol produces water, carbon dioxide and heat (energy). When you set fire to a bill, the alcohol burns. The temperature at which it burns is not sufficient to evaporate the water with which the paper bill is soaked. As a result, all the alcohol burns out, the flame goes out, and the slightly damp ten remains intact.
9. Camera obscura
You will need:
A camera that supports long shutter speeds (up to 30 s);
Large sheet of thick cardboard;
Masking tape (for gluing cardboard);
A room with a view of anything;
Sunny day.
1. Cover the window with cardboard so that light does not come from the street.
2. We make a smooth hole in the center (for a room 3 meters deep, the hole should be about 7-8 mm).
3. When your eyes get used to the darkness, you will see an inverted street on the walls of the room! The most visible effect will be achieved on a bright sunny day.
4. Now the result can be shot with a camera at a long shutter speed. A shutter speed of 10-30 seconds is fine.
And scientific holidays are becoming increasingly popular. For children and teenagers entertaining experiments it is something very exciting, magical and interesting. Becoming a wizard and showing some interesting experiments is simple for children, but for them it is a real holiday.
Experiments for children at home
Any, even the most amazing, can be explained with scientific point vision. But the children will still have great admiration and delight. We have selected for you the most interesting and exciting experiences that will delight both children and adults.
Experiment No. 1 - Tornado in a jar
In this experience we will be able to see with our own eyes a real tornado up close. They say that some who tried to see him went missing. Our whirlwind will be safe, but no less spectacular.
Would need:
- Transparent glass jar with a lid (preferably oblong)
- Dishwashing liquid
- Food coloring
- Sequins
Conducting the experiment:
- Fill the jar 3/4 full with water.
- Add a few drops of dishwashing liquid.
- After some time, add dye and glitter. This will help you see the tornado better.
- Close the jar with a lid and shake well.
- Spin the liquid in the jar clockwise.
Explanation: When you swirl the can in a circular motion, it creates a vortex of water that looks like a mini tornado. Inside the speed is slower, along the edge it is faster. The water rotates rapidly around the center of the vortex due to centrifugal force. Centrifugal force is the force within a guiding object or fluid, such as water, relative to the center of its circular path.
Experiment #2 - Invisible ink
Invisible ink is an interesting experience that will surprise and delight any child. Children will then be able to write their own secret messages to their friends.
Would need:
- Lemon
- Cotton swab
- Bottle
- Any decorations at your discretion (hearts, sparkles, beads, sequins)
Conducting the experiment:
- Squeeze out a little lemon juice into a glass.
- Dip a cotton swab into it and write your secret message. Put it in a bottle and decorate it a little.
- In order for the inscription to appear, you need to heat the paper with the inscription (iron it with an iron, hold it over the fire or in the oven). Be careful not to let children do this themselves.
Explanation: Lemon juice is organic matter, which can oxidize (react with oxygen). When heated, it acquires Brown color and “burns” faster than paper. Orange juice, milk, vinegar, wine, honey and onion juice also have the same effect.
Experiment No. 3 - Soap bubbles in the cold
What could be more fun for children than blowing soap bubbles? Children will be amazed to see how they freeze in the fresh air.
Would need:
- Bubble
- Frosty weather
Conducting the experiment:
- We go outside with a jar of soapy water in the bitter cold.
- Blowing bubbles. Immediately at different points Small crystals appear on the surface, grow rapidly and finally merge. If the weather is not very frosty and the bubbles do not freeze, you will need a snowflake: once you have blown soap bubble, drop a snowflake on it, and you will see how it will immediately slide down and the bubble will freeze.
Explanation: When there is frost and contact with frosty air or a snowflake, the crystallization process immediately begins, so the soap bubble freezes.
Experiment No. 4 - DIY helium balloons
Would need:
- Air balloons
- Empty bottle (1 or 1.5 l.)
- Tea spoon
- Funnel
- Table vinegar
- Baking soda
Conducting the experiment:
- Fill the bottle with vinegar about a third full.
- Through a funnel, pour 2-3 tsp into the ball. soda We put the ball on the neck of the bottle.
- Pour the contents of the ball into the bottle.
Explanation: As a result of the interaction of soda and vinegar, carbon dioxide is released, which fills the ball. But such a ball will not fly on its own; in order to make it attach to the ceiling, it should be rubbed and thereby electrified, and then it will be able to stay under the ceiling for 5 hours!
Experiment No. 5 - Simple motor
Would need:
- Battery
- Copper wire
- Neodymium magnet
Conducting the experiment:
- We bend the copper wire, the ends of the wire should not connect.
- Using pliers, make a small dent on the positive terminal of the battery.
- We place the battery minus on the magnet, put the wire on top of the battery. The free ends of the wire should lightly touch the magnet.
Explanation: We put a battery on the magnet and then place a wire heart on it. The system begins to rotate. This happens because an electric charge arises in the wire. And this is nothing more than the ordered movement of charged particles. Each of them is subject to a magnetic field, which deflects the direction of their movement. This deflection is called the Lorentz force. Charged particles move in a circle, creating rotation of the structure. The battery will run out after some time and the movement will stop. But the impression will remain.
Experiment No. 6 - Paper bottom
Would need:
- Cup
- Paper
Conducting the experiment:
- Pour water into a glass.
- Cut out a square of paper and place it on a glass.
- Carefully turn over. The paper stuck to the glass as if magnetized, and the water did not spill out. Miracles!
Explanation: When we cover a glass of water with a piece of paper and turn it over, water presses on the sheet on one side, and air on the other side (from the very bottom). The air pressure is greater than the water pressure in the glass, which is why the leaf does not fall.
Experience #7 - Walking on Eggs
Would need:
- two trays of fresh chicken eggs
- who wants to walk through them and is in a good mood.
Conducting the experiment:
- Place a garbage bag or oilcloth on the floor (for hygienic purposes).
- Place 2 trays of eggs on top.
- By evenly distributing your weight and placing your feet correctly, you will be able to literally walk on raw and fragile eggs with your bare feet.
Explanation: It's no secret that breaking an egg doesn't cost anything. However, the architecture of the egg is so unique that with uniform pressure, the stress is distributed harmoniously throughout the shell and prevents the fragile egg from cracking. Try it today, it's very exciting!
Experiment No. 8 - Clean hands
This project by an inspired teacher is a fun and visual way to teach children the importance of personal hygiene. Using only 3 slices of bread, the woman was able to clearly tell first-graders why it is really important to wash your hands before eating.
Would need:
- 3 slices of bread
- 3 zip bags
- clean and dirty hands
Carrying out: The bread in the first package is control sample. Place a piece of bread in the second bag washed hands. Well, the third is a piece of bread, which you let all the kids touch with unwashed hands after a walk. After just a week, children will be able to see from their own experience that hygiene is very important!
Experience No. 8 - Flower magic
In this experiment we will be able to paint flowers with our own hands in any color. There will be no limit to the surprise of children when, before their eyes, the flowers change their color over a period of time.
Would need:
- White carnation, chrysanthemum or chamomile.
- Food coloring in any color, but we'll choose blue.
- A jar or vase, a knife and a camera to later capture the results of your home experience and leave a photo of a flower of unearthly beauty as a souvenir.
Conducting the experiment:
- Take a small jar or glass vase, pour water at room temperature, dilute blue food coloring.
- Cut off the tip of the stem evenly with a sharp knife. Place the flower in colored water.
- After about 3 hours, the carnation petals begin to turn bluish at the edges. The veins of the flower are also colored.
- After a day, the flower will already noticeably turn blue. Sometimes the edges of the petals are brighter, sometimes the middle. But after two days the flower will definitely turn blue.
Explanation: The flower used to grow in the ground, it had root system. Through special vessels - capillaries - water from the soil flowed to all parts of the plant. If its root is cut off, it does not lose the ability to “drink” water using capillaries. Through them, like through tubes, the water rises. In our case, it was painted. Therefore, the flower, penetrated by capillaries, also changed color.
Experiment No. 9 - Sprouting peas
Experiments with sprouting for children vary; you can use almost any unprocessed cereals and beans. In our germination experiment we use peas. This experience will help children better understand where plants come from and how they grow.
Would need:
- Peas
- Saucer
- Cotton swab
- Flowerpot
- Earth
Conducting the experiment:
- You need to take three peas from a regular package purchased at the store. But our goal is not to use them in cooking, but to prove their viability.
- Place a piece on a saucer soft fabric such as gauze or bandage (as an option - a large cotton swab). Pour some water there. Place peas on top. Cover with the same cloth. Place the saucer in a warm place away from a draft or next to a radiator.
- Around the second day, sprouts will appear from the peas - first a root, and then a leaf. Plant the sprouts in a pot of soil (not too deep). In the evenings, we water the peas and wait for the sprouts to sprout.
- In two days, green shoots will appear. When they grow up, you need to stick long sticks into the ground and tie the peas to them with a thread. It will grow up along them. Then the peas will get stronger, pods will appear, and in them there will be real peas.
Explanation: Our peas sprouted because we were created for this process favorable conditions. The peas needed warmth and moisture. If it were humid, but cold and dark - for example, in the refrigerator, the peas would not germinate. Or, for example, where it would be warm, but there would be no moisture (say, in a dry cloth), the peas would not “come to life” either. For rapid germination, access to light and oxygen is also needed, and the peas had them.
Experiment #10 - Lava lamp
In the next experiment we will reproduce the legendary lava lamp. This is a very beautiful and spectacular experience that children will especially enjoy.
Would need:
- Oil can be refined sunflower or baby oil for skin (it is more transparent)
- Food coloring dissolved in water
- Soluble effervescent tablet (you can use aspirin or any other)
- Glass vase
- Funnel
Conducting the experiment:
- First of all, fill the vase with water about a quarter full.
- Then pour oil through a funnel along the edge of the vase; the oil should lie on top of the water.
- Then we take the dissolved food coloring through disposable pipettes and drip it into the vase around the perimeter. We observe how the drops fall first onto the surface of the water, and then mix with the water in snakes.
- When the bottom layer of water becomes colored, the experiment can be continued. - We throw a piece of an effervescent tablet into a vase; when it comes into contact with water, the tablet begins to dissolve and colored bubbles rise into the layer of oil. We observe the beautiful effect as colored droplets of water rise and descend again to the lower layer.
Explanation: Oil does not dissolve in water due to a stronger molecular structure than water, that is, oil molecules are connected more tightly to each other.
Experiment No. 11 - Surface tension or water slide
A slide can be built from almost anything - sand, salt, sugar, and even clothes. Is it possible to make a slide out of water?
Would need:
- Glass tumbler
- A handful of coins (or, for example, nuts, washers, or other small metal objects)
- Water (preferably cold)
- Vegetable oil
Conducting the experiment:
- Take a well-washed dry glass,
- Grease the edges a little vegetable oil and fill it with water to capacity.
- Now very carefully drop one coin into it.
Result. As the coins are lowered into the glass, the water will not pour out of it, but will begin to rise little by little, forming a slide. This is clearly visible if you look at the glass from the side.
As the number of coins in the glass increases, the slide will become higher and higher - the surface of the water will inflate, as if balloon. However, on some coin this ball will burst, and water will flow in streams along the walls of the glass.
Explanation: In this experiment, a slide on the surface of the water is formed mainly due to physical properties water, called surface tension. Its essence is that a thin film of its particles (molecules) is formed on the surface of any liquid. This film is stronger than the liquid inside the volume. To break it, you need to apply force. It is thanks to the film that the slide is formed. However, if the water pressure under the film turns out to be very high (the slide rises too high), it will burst.
The second reason for the formation of a slide is that water does not wet the surface of the glass well (cold water is worse than hot water). What does it mean? Interacting with hard surface, water does not stick well to it and does not spread well. That is why it does not immediately flow over the edge of the glass when a slide is formed. In addition, to reduce wetting, the edges of the glass in the experiment were lubricated with vegetable oil. If, for example, gasoline, which wets glass very well, was used instead of water, no slide would have worked.
Experiment No. 12 - Egg in a bottle
Is it possible to put an egg in a bottle without breaking either the bottle or the egg? Yes, if it is quail. But we will do this with a regular egg.
Would need:
- A bottle whose neck diameter is smaller than an egg
- Thin strip of paper
- A little vegetable oil
Conducting the experiment:
- Boil the egg and peel it.
- Lubricate the neck of the bottle with vegetable oil.
- Light the paper and drop it into the bottom of the bottle.
- Then immediately place the egg on the neck. When the paper goes dark, the egg will be sucked inside.
Explanation: The fire burns the oxygen in the bottle and rarefied air is formed in it. The reduced pressure from inside and normal atmospheric pressure from outside work together to force the egg into the bottle. Due to its elasticity, it slips through a narrow neck.
We told and explained the most interesting . We hope that our article was interesting and useful for you. Good luck with your experimentation, but be vigilant and attentive!
Master Class
"Merry scientific experiments for children and adults" ( extracurricular activities on experimental activities)
In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard“considerable attention should be paid to design research activities. Research project activities of junior schoolchildren can be focused on organizing independent research
For the study of flora and fauna;
Minerals and rocks;
Conducting phenological observations;
Study of the properties of the surrounding nature, substances and materials.
Research activities develop the ability to work with various sources of information, instruments, laboratory equipment. A group form of work has been chosen, which contributes to the formation of such communication skills as the ability to distribute responsibilities in a group, argue one’s point of view, and participate in discussion.
The goal of my work is to develop educational and cognitive activity in elementary school students and the ability to see and understand the world through scientific experience. practical activities.
Expected results:
1. Younger schoolchildren, in the process of research activities, will be able to master knowledge with interest through the experience of practical experiments and studying properties various items.
2. Ability to conduct research in the form of simple experiments, use various information will help you make a painless transition to senior education.
3. Conducting experimental activities will help children form a correct scientific picture of the world.
And further: In research activities, we should focus not on the result, but on the process of activity. The main thing is to arouse the child’s interest, awaken a desire to learn the unusual and unexplored, involve him in an atmosphere of activity, and then the result will be ensured.
Of particular importance for the development of a student’s personality is his assimilation of ideas about the relationship between nature and man. Mastering ways of practical interaction with environment ensures the formation of the child’s worldview, his personal growth. A significant role in this direction is played by the search and cognitive activity of schoolchildren, taking place in the form of experimental actions. In their process, children transform objects in order to reveal their hidden significant connections with natural phenomena. IN school age such testing actions change significantly and turn into complex forms of search activity (N.E. Veraksa, N.N. Poddyakov, L.A. Paramonova).
Download:
Preview:
How does a ball get into a 3L jar or dinner party?
Experience shows how warm air When cooled, it tends to decrease in volume and thus draws the ball into the jar.
The essence of the experience:
Material: balloon, water, glass jar, kettle with hot water
Experiment stages:
- Pour enough water into the balloon so that the balloon cannot penetrate the neck of a three-liter jar.
- Boil water in a kettle.
- Pour hot water into a three-liter jar.
- After the walls of the jar have warmed up, pour the water out of the jar.
- Place a ball of water on the neck of the jar.
- We watch how the ball itself penetrates the jar.
What can I say? Experience demonstrates the relationship between gas volume, pressure and temperature. Details are below.
Hot water, once in the jar, heats the glass walls of the vessel. When the water is poured out, the glass begins to cool, giving off heat to the air inside the jar. That is, the air heats up. This means that the molecules move faster and the distance between them increases.
By placing the ball on the neck of the jar, we thereby block the entrance and exit of molecules and create a constant volume inside the container. But we remember that the air is heated, the distance between the molecules is greater than under normal conditions, and, therefore, their number per unit volume is less.
There are two options for the development of events here. As the temperature decreases, the volume at constant pressure may decrease. Or the pressure decreases at a constant volume.
If we close such a jar with a metal lid, then this will be the second option. And when we open a can that has already cooled down, we will hear a click - this is the pressure difference. In this way, jars for various edible preparations are sterilized.
In our case, the “lid” is not rigid, and therefore is pulled into the jar. This way the pressure remains constant and the ball ends up in the jar.
Nimble Egg
The experiment illustrates how, with the help of fire, you can push an egg into a bottle and get it back out without damaging the egg.
The essence of the experience: To push the egg into the bottle, you need to reduce the pressure inside it. Due to the combustion of oxygen in the bottle, the pressure decreased, but the pressure outside remained the same. Therefore, the pressure from above pressed the egg inside. To get an egg out of a bottle, you need to reduce the pressure outside it. This is very convenient to do if you place the neck of the bottle in a larger vessel, in which you lower the pressure with the same fire. The egg was not affected by the difference in pressure and is quite edible.
Material: bottle, three-liter jar, boiled egg, plasticine, gas lighter, paper boat and airplane
Experiment stages:
- Peel the boiled egg.
- Set fire to a paper boat.
- We throw the boat into the bottle.
- Cover the neck of the bottle with the egg. Egg inside.
- Take a three-liter jar.
- We seal the neck with plasticine to seal it.
- Set fire to a paper airplane.
- We throw the airplane into the jar.
- Cover the jar with a bottle of egg, neck down.
- The egg ends up in a jar.
So, in order to remove an egg from a bottle, you must first place it there.
This experiment has been carried out many times, and the Internet is teeming with publications about it. We set fire to the paper, throw it into the bottle, put a boiled, peeled egg in the neck, and it is sucked up.
But when it comes to explaining the processes by which this happens, opinions differ. There is an assumption that oxygen burns, the air becomes rarefied (or even a vacuum), and the egg slides down due to the difference in pressure inside and outside the bottle. Another approach explains the pressure difference due to temperature changes. Those. when the paper burns, the air heats up, and, therefore, its density in the container becomes less. When the egg restricts the flow of air into the bottle and combustion stops, the air begins to cool, the temperature drops, and with it the pressure drops.
Let's return to the first assumption about burned oxygen and vacuum. Of course this is true. It actually enters into a chemical reaction, the result of which is always CO 2 + H 2 O . Nothing goes away, it just changes chemical composition gas Accordingly, there cannot be a vacuum.
Logic and ingenuity come to the rescue. It is necessary to reverse the conditions in which the egg is located. Those. let's turn the bottle upside down and create a lower pressure outside it. Setting the room on fire and abruptly cooling it is not an option. You can, of course, climb high into the mountains, where the pressure is low, taking a corked bottle with you, and open it there. But this is also not an easy method. You just need to limit the space not to a room, but to a slightly smaller volume. For example, a jar, the size of which is larger than a bottle, and from which it will then be possible to remove the egg without damaging it. In this case, plasticine will ensure tightness. We repeat all steps in the same sequence, and the egg is free.
Water Tamer or Atmospheric Pressure
Experience shows thatode does not pour out of the flask due to the force arising from the difference atmospheric pressure outside the vessel and the pressure that forms inside between the bottom and the surface of the water.
The essence of experience : Water does not pour out of the flask due to the force arising from the difference in atmospheric pressure outside the vessel and the pressure that forms inside between the bottom and the surface of the water. That is, when a column of water tries to go down, a medium with low blood pressure, which holds the liquid.
Material: containers with water, acrylic paints, sheets of paper
Experiment stages:
- Pour water into the vessels.
- For beauty we add acrylic paints in water.
- Place a sheet of paper on top of each vessel.
- Holding the sheet of paper with your hand, turn the vessels over.
Atmospheric pressure is the air pressure on the earth's surface and on all objects in the atmosphere, created by the gravitational attraction of the Earth. It spreads in all directions with equal force. That is, up too.
If you tilt a glass filled with water, water will begin to pour out of it, because gravity acts on it, and nothing prevents the liquid from rushing down.
To prevent water from spilling out of the vessel, you can go in several ways. Cover with a tight lid, freeze, do not overturn the glass. Or, finally, just don’t pour it there.
But we are not looking for easy ways.
Let's try to create conditions under which the water in the vesselmaintains precisely atmospheric pressure, despite the force of gravity.
Cover the flask filled with liquid with a paper sheet, press it tightly with your hand, turn it over and hold it in this position for some time. At this time, water wets the surface of the paper, and it “sticks” to the walls of the flask due tosurface tension forces. Then we slowly remove our hand and observe the stated result.
Between the bottom (which is now at the top) and the surface of the water, a space is formed filled with air and water vapor. A column of water tends downward under the influence of gravity, increasing the volume of this very space. At a constant temperature, the pressure in it drops, that is, in relation to atmospheric pressure, it becomes less. And the lower this pressure, the larger column of liquid it can hold. Theoretically, up to 10 m. So, the sum of the air and water pressure on the paper from the inside is slightly less than the atmospheric pressure outside. This is what it is based on.
But this doesn't last forever. After some time, the evaporation of water will increase the air pressure and it will become equal to atmospheric pressure. The strength, ductility and wettability of paper, water temperature, and the curvature of the surface of the vessel also affect the tear-off speed.
Paper flowers on the water
Experience demonstrates how paper flowers bloom when they fall into water, and how a snowflake made from toothpicks can be turned into a star.
The essence of the experience: By bending the paper, we thereby create a break and change its thickness at the bend. The paper does not have sufficient elasticity to return to its original state. But when it gets into water, the hydrogen bonds between the molecules weaken, and it, absorbing the liquid, seems to swell. The deformed area from the fold becomes thicker, and the paper straightens.
Material: filter paper, paper for printer, two markers of different colors, scissors, toothpicks, pipette, aquarium or saucers with water
Experiment stages:
- Cut out daisies from printer paper and color the centers yellow.
- Cut out daisies from filter paper and color the centers blue.
- We fold the daisy petals towards the middle.
- Place the closed flowers on the water. Watching the daisies bloom.
- We break five toothpicks in half, but not completely.
- We fold the toothpicks with their broken ends towards each other, we get an impromptu snowflake.
- Drop water into the center of the snowflake. We watch how a snowflake turns into a star.
Let's talk about flowers. Paper ones.
Why would they “bloom” on the water? To answer this question, let us turn to the composition, manufacturing method and properties of paper.
To make paper, mainly plant substances are used, which have long fibers and are insoluble in water. Basically, it is cellulose contained in wood. It has the property of creating a homogeneous plastic mass when mixed with water.
Cellulose fibers are ground to a size of 1-2 mm, mixed with various additives, and diluted with water. Then they are pressed and dried.
The result is a porous-capillary flat material, the fibers of which are interconnected mainly by hydrogen bonds. Due to this, ordinary paper, when soaked in water, loses mechanical strength. And, for example, in non-polar solvents such as kerosene or oil, the strength of the paper will not change.
Filter paper contains minimal impurities and therefore contains more cellulose than regular paper. Therefore, it straightens almost instantly.
What about toothpicks?!
Why be surprised? Wood contains 46-56% cellulose, so by all laws, dry wood, when water gets on it, also swells and becomes more elastic.
So water can destroy, restore, create, delight, sadden... However, just like money.
Balloon and cereal and static electricity
The ball is charged with static electricity when it is rubbed against a woolen surface. After that they are attracted to him cereals.
The essence of the experience: By rubbing a balloon with wool, the balloon acquires a negative charge. If you then present it to light oat flakes, they will begin to be attracted to it even at a distance of several centimeters.
Material: balloon, oatmeal, woolen fabric, plate
Experiment stages:
- Pour oatmeal into a plate.
- Inflate the balloon.
- Three balls on a woolen surface.
- We bring the ball over the cereal.
When you come home after a long hard day and take off your woolen clothes, you can hear a characteristic crackling sound, and if the room is dark enough, you can even see sparks jumping. This phenomenon and what is shown in the video have a common electrical nature.
When the ball is rubbed against wool, a redistribution of electrons occurs in both substances. In this case, the substance that has a greater affinity for electrons, that is, a greater ability to hold electrons, is charged negatively, the other - positively. In our case, the wool is charged positively, the rubber ball is charged negatively. That is, by rubbing the ball, we literally “rip out”, “select” the electrons of the wool.
However, why are small objects, flakes, not having direct contact with the ball and initially not charged either positively or negatively, nevertheless attracted to it? Here it should be said that both the ball and the flakes consist of a dielectric, a non-conducting material electricity. Dielectrics have the property of polarization - in the external electric field an excess positive or negative charge is formed on their surface or, as they say, “induced,” depending on the field configuration. The ball, as we found out, is negatively charged; it causes a redistribution of charge on the surface of the flakes, as a result of which they turn into electric dipoles, the positively charged “ends” of which face towards the ball. And the dipole flakes are attracted to the ball by their positive properties.
It should be said that our ancestors’ interest in electricity arose precisely in connection with the phenomenon of electrification of bodies by friction. But if humanity has been familiar with static electricity for so long, does it mean that in our computer age they have completely lost interest in it? No. Often, the electrification of bodies and subsequent discharges carry great danger. Microelectronics can easily fail due to a spark, which is why motherboards and processors are always placed in antistatic bags. For the same reason, fuel trucks that are electrified due to continuous friction of tires road surface metal chains are attached to the back, which drag along the ground and serve as grounding.
But at the same time, static electricity can be beneficial. When you need to create a large charge, generators come to the rescue high voltage, for example, the well-known Van der Graaff generator (there is even such a rock band), in which a charge is obtained by rubbing a rubber band against brushes. Such generators are used, for example, in particle accelerators or thermonuclear fusion reactors.
Magnetic dancing
The experiment illustrates how a magnet interacts with iron in its various forms and does not interact with copper.
The essence of experience : As you know, iron is attracted to a magnet, unlike copper. Regardless of the form of iron, be it small sawdust, larger shavings or a simple paper clip, iron is equally well attracted to a magnet.
Material: permanent magnet, iron and copper filings, iron filings, glass test tube, paper clips
Experiment stages:
- Mix copper and iron filings.
- Using a permanent magnet we can easily separate the sawdust mixture.
- Pour iron filings into a glass test tube.
- Invert the test tube onto a sheet of glass.
- We bring a permanent magnet from below.
- We remove the test tube. The pillar of iron filings remains standing on the glass.
- We make little people out of paper clips.
- We put them on a sheet of glass.
- We bring a permanent magnet from the bottom of the glass.
- We twist the magnet under the glass, the little people “dance”.
Preview:
Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Ugra
Municipal educational institution
"Average comprehensive school No. 2"
Master Class
"Fun science experiments for children and adults"
Primary school teacher
Stepanova Lyudmila Alexandrovna
Yugorsk, 2014.
In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard“Significant attention should be paid to project research activities. Research project activities of junior schoolchildren can be focused on organizing independent research
For the study of flora and fauna;
Minerals and rocks;
Conducting phenological observations;
Study of the properties of the surrounding nature, substances and materials.
Research activities develop the ability to work with various sources of information, instruments, and laboratory equipment. A group form of work has been chosen, which contributes to the formation of such communication skills as the ability to distribute responsibilities in a group, argue one’s point of view, and participate in discussion.
The goal of my work is to develop educational and cognitive activity in elementary school students and the ability to see and understand the world through the experience of scientific and practical activities.
Expected results:
- In the process of research activities, younger schoolchildren will be able to master knowledge with interest through practical experiments and studying the properties of different objects.
- The ability to conduct research in the form of simple experiments and use various information will help you move painlessly to senior education.
- Conducting experimental activities will help children form a correct scientific picture of the world.
And further: In research activities, we should focus not on the result, but on the process of activity. The main thing is to arouse the child’s interest, awaken a desire to learn the unusual and unexplored, involve him in an atmosphere of activity, and then the result will be ensured.
Of particular importance for the development of a student’s personality is his assimilation of ideas about the relationship between nature and man. Mastering the methods of practical interaction with the environment ensures the formation of the child’s worldview and his personal growth. A significant role in this direction is played by the search and cognitive activity of schoolchildren, taking place in the form of experimental actions. In their process, children transform objects in order to reveal their hidden significant connections with natural phenomena. At school age, such testing actions change significantly and turn into complex shapes search activity (N.E. Veraksa, N.N. Poddyakov, L.A. Paramonova).
Good afternoon, dear guests.
There are many interesting things in the world that we still have to learn about. Lots of mysteries to solve. But it may be that our little researchers can become these discoverers.
We begin our little lesson with the words of the famous hero from the fairy tale “Cinderella”:
"I'm not a magician, I'm just learning". ( Slide 4)
So the magic begins:
- Wishes.
When you go to a lesson, we always set a goal for what we want to learn. A goal is the desire to learn something or achieve something.
This activity is unusual. And we will formulate an unusual goal. In this goal - wish, you will write the answer to the question: what do you expect from the lesson? What should it be like? (exciting, interesting, instructive, useful, etc.).
You have a solution on your tables. Take cotton swabs and write your wish for this lesson, preferably in one word and so that it fits on an A4 sheet.
Now dip cotton swabs into the iodine solution that is on your tables, run the swab 3-4 times over your inscriptions.
(They read the wishes, the teacher, together with the children, hangs the wishes on the board)
We will all try together to make all your wishes come true.
Now, please tell me, why did colorless inscriptions appear on these sheets?(Happened chemical reaction between starch and iodine solution).
You and I are already on the threshold of the country “Chemiphysics” (slide 5)
We invite you, dear adults, to visit a magical land with us and become real magicians.
Student: Lyudmila A., but not everyone is allowed there!
Yes, we forgot the most important thing - to repeat the rules of this country: (slide 7)
1. Listen carefully to the teacher’s instructions!
2. Glass and plastic utensils and cutlery should be used carefully.
3. Never place them on the edge of the desk.
4. Stir the liquid with a stick carefully, without touching the walls of the glass.
5. Upon completion of work, all equipment must be placed in its designated places, and workplace put in order.
6. Perform experiments ONLY TOGETHER WITH ADULTS!!!
So, let's continue our magic.
Demonstration of experiments
- How a ball gets into a 3L jar or dinner party (slide 8)
You can't eat balloons. However, there is one item that happily absorbs them. This is normal Glass bottle. Let's give the bottle a dinner party. And this will help us...
Student:
This experience, like all others, must be done only with the help of adults!!!
- We poured hot water into a jar before class to heat it up.
L.A. I just poured out the water, and now I’ll cover it with a ball filled with water.
Notice what's about to happen.
While our gluttonous jar is enjoying a delicious lunch, we will show you one more magic.
- Cinderella or the magic ball (slide 9)
- And Evelina Ya will help us with this.
Let's remember the fairy tale about Cinderella. While we were preparing dinner, Cinderella spilled pepper and salt in the kitchen. She has to separate it all. How can this be done before the evil stepmother and her daughters arrive?
Perhaps our guests will help us? ...
Student:
We will need an ordinary inflated balloon.
(demonstrates and performs together with participants)
Rub the ball on something woolen and bring it to a saucer. Look what happened: all the pepper, as if by magic, will end up on the ball. Cinderella is saved!
In the same way, you can collect oatmeal, make a “beautiful” hairstyle, be the ruler of cotton clouds, make paper men dance, control a stream of water, etc.)
Conclusion: The ball becomes negatively charged from friction with the wool, and the peppercorns acquire a positive charge and are attracted to the ball. But in salt, electrons move poorly, so it remains neutral, does not acquire a charge from the ball, and therefore does not stick to it!
Static tension helps us with this.
Continuation of experiment 1 “How a ball penetrates a 3 liter jar or a dinner party (slide 8)
Maybe one of you will tell us the secret? ....
Look, the ball is pulled so tightly into the jar that it is impossible to tear it off. How do we open the jar? ...(scientist demonstrates)
Conclusion: It's all physics. Experience shows how warm air, when cooled, tends to decrease in volume and thus draws the ball into the jar. When the particles find the smallest point of penetration into the jar, they rush into it and open the lid with their pressure.
- We encounter this phenomenon when closing the lids during pickling and canning.
- Nimble Egg
There are animals that can get into the narrowest crack. They are able to control their body to squeeze through even small space. It turns out that not only animals, but an ordinary chicken egg are endowed with this ability.
Student:
The dinner party continues. For this experiment we will need: a peeled hard-boiled egg, a glass bottle with a narrow neck, paper, matches or a lighter.
L.A. I threw a match into the bottle, and I closed the neck with an egg.
Look closely at what is about to happen.
Now we will take the egg out of the bottle.
Maybe, dear guests, you can explain this experience and be able to tell me how to get the egg back out.
Conclusion: Due to the combustion of oxygen in the bottle, the pressure decreased, but the pressure outside remained the same. Therefore, the pressure from above pressed the egg inside. To get an egg out of a bottle, you need to reduce the pressure outside it. This is very convenient to do if you place the neck of the bottle in a larger vessel, in which you lower the pressure with the same fire. The egg was not affected by the difference in pressure and is quite edible.
- Water tamer or atmospheric pressure (slide 12)
Water is the most amazing substance on earth. How much is explainable and at the same time inexplicable hidden in this unique substance.
Student:
And now I will become a water tamer. I have magic hands.
I take a container with colored water and put a sheet of paper on it. Now I’ll turn the container over. Tell me please, what will happen?
Now watch carefully as I perform the experiment. After the show, try it with us. Please note that this magic does not last long due to certain phenomena. After a while, you need to turn the container over again, otherwise the water will try to pour out of it.
Well done. And you became water tamers. What happened?
Conclusion : (pay attention to the slide) - experience shows that inThe water does not pour out of the container due to the force arising from the difference in atmospheric pressure outside the container and the pressure that forms inside between the bottom and the surface of the water.
- Snowflake stars
And now we invite you to do another experiment with us.
To do this, we will need 5 toothpicks, which you break carefully so as not to break them.Place the toothpicks with their broken ends facing each other to create an impromptu snowflake. Drop water into the center of the snowflake and observe.
- Paper flowers on the water
And now, my assistant and I will give you pieces of small folded paper. And during the next experiment, you will see what is hidden in it.
There are saucers of water on your desks. Carefully place your pieces of paper into the water and you will see what is hidden in them.
Student:
- By bending the paper, we thereby create a break and change its thickness at the bend. The paper does not have sufficient elasticity to return to its original state. But when it gets into water, the hydrogen bonds between the molecules weaken, and it, absorbing the liquid, seems to swell. The deformed area from the fold becomes thicker, and the paper straightens.
Dear guests, this is the end of our unusual activity. Look at your wishes and please tell me: have we achieved our goal?
Guys, I invite you to the table.
We want to end our lesson with the same words:I'm not a magician, I'm just learning! Slide 1
Stepanova Lyudmila Aleksandrovna, primary school teacher, municipal budgetary educational institution “Secondary school No. 2”, Yugorsk Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra Fun scientific experiments for children and adults physics and chemistry master class
The purpose of the research activity is to develop the ability of younger schoolchildren to learn the world through the experience of scientific and practical activities. Expected results: Junior schoolchildren in the process of research activities will learn to carry out the simplest practical experiments to study the properties of various objects; - use various information to substantiate observations; understand the picture of the world and draw simple conclusions based on science. The main thing is to arouse the child’s interest, awaken a desire to learn the unusual and unexplored, involve him in an atmosphere of activity, and then the result will be ensured.
In research activities, we should focus not on the result, but on the process of activity. The main thing is to arouse the child’s interest, awaken a desire to learn the unusual and unexplored, involve him in an atmosphere of activity, and then the result will be ensured.
Glossary Chemistry is the science of substances, their properties, structure and transformations. Physics is the science of matter (in the form of matter and fields) and the most general form of its movement, as well as the interactions of nature that control the movement of matter.
I'm not a magician, I'm just learning
CHEMISTRY
1. Listen carefully to the teacher’s instructions! 2. Glass and plastic dishes and cutlery must be used carefully. 3. Never place them on the edge of the desk. 4. Stir the liquid with a stick carefully, without touching the walls of the glass. 5. Upon completion of work, all equipment must be placed in its designated places, and the workplace must be put in order. 6. Perform experiments ONLY TOGETHER WITH ADULTS!!!
How does a ball get into a 3L jar or dinner party?
Cinderella or the magic ball
Water Tamer or Atmospheric Pressure
Maybe he will grow up to be a scientist, Or maybe he will become a football player... The main thing is that he is passionate, that his heart is kind and pure...
QUESTIONS 1. WHAT COLOR IS THE WATER? 2. WHAT COLOR IS THE MILK? 3. NAME THE TRANSPARENT SUBSTANCES. 4. WHY IS IT DARK AT THE BOTTOM OF THE OCEAN? 5. IS WATER ALWAYS TRANSPARENT? 1. HOW TO MEASURE WATER TEMPERATURE? 2. WHAT HAPPENS TO WATER WHEN HEATED? 3. WHAT HAPPENS TO IT WHEN COOLING? 4. HOW DOES THE THERMOMETER WORK? 5. WHAT IS THE FEATURE OF A MEDICAL THERMOMETER?
Useful tips
Children are always trying to find out something new every day, and they always have a lot of questions.
They can explain some phenomena, or they can show clearly how this or that thing, this or that phenomenon works.
In these experiments, children will not only learn something new, but also learn create differentcrafts, with which they can then play.
1. Experiments for children: lemon volcano
You will need:
2 lemons (for 1 volcano)
Baking soda
Food coloring or watercolor paints
Dishwashing liquid
Wooden stick or spoon (if desired)
1. Cut off the bottom of the lemon so it can be placed on flat surface.
2. On the back side, cut out a piece of lemon as shown in the image.
* You can cut off half a lemon and make an open volcano.
3. Take the second lemon, cut it in half and squeeze the juice into a cup. This will be the reserved lemon juice.
4. Place the first lemon (with the cut out part) on the tray and use a spoon to “squeeze” the lemon inside to squeeze out some of the juice. It is important that the juice is inside the lemon.
5. Add food coloring or watercolor inside the lemon, but do not stir.
6. Pour dish soap inside the lemon.
7. Add a full spoon of baking soda to the lemon. The reaction will begin. You can use a stick or spoon to stir everything inside the lemon - the volcano will begin to foam.
8. To make the reaction last longer, you can gradually add more soda, dyes, soap and reserve lemon juice.
2. Home experiments for children: electric eels made from chewing worms
You will need:
2 glasses
Small capacity
4-6 gummy worms
3 tablespoons baking soda
1/2 spoon of vinegar
1 cup water
Scissors, kitchen or stationery knife.
1. Using scissors or a knife, cut lengthwise (precisely lengthwise - it won't be easy, but be patient) each worm into 4 (or more) pieces.
* The smaller the piece, the better.
*If the scissors do not cut properly, try washing them with soap and water.
2. Mix water and baking soda in a glass.
3. Add pieces of worms to the solution of water and soda and stir.
4. Leave the worms in the solution for 10-15 minutes.
5. Using a fork, transfer the worm pieces to a small plate.
6. Pour half a spoonful of vinegar into empty glass and start putting worms into it one by one.
* The experiment can be repeated if you wash the worms with plain water. After a few attempts, your worms will begin to dissolve, and then you will have to cut a new batch.
3. Experiments and experiments: a rainbow on paper or how light is reflected on a flat surface
You will need:
Bowl of water
Clear nail polish
Small pieces of black paper.
1. Add 1-2 drops of clear nail polish to a bowl of water. Watch how the varnish spreads through the water.
2. Quickly (after 10 seconds) dip a piece of black paper into the bowl. Take it out and let it dry on a paper towel.
3. After the paper has dried (this happens quickly) start turning the paper and look at the rainbow that appears on it.
* To better see a rainbow on paper, look at it under the sun's rays.
4. Experiments at home: rain cloud in a jar
As small drops of water accumulate in a cloud, they become heavier and heavier. Eventually they will reach such a weight that they can no longer remain in the air and will begin to fall to the ground - this is how rain appears.
This phenomenon can be shown to children using simple materials.
You will need:
Shaving foam
Food coloring.
1. Fill the jar with water.
2. Apply shaving foam on top - it will be a cloud.
3. Have your child start dripping food coloring onto the “cloud” until it starts to “rain” - drops of coloring begin to fall to the bottom of the jar.
During the experiment, explain this phenomenon to your child.
You will need:
Warm water
Sunflower oil
4 food colors
1. Fill the jar 3/4 full with warm water.
2. Take a bowl and stir 3-4 tablespoons of oil and a few drops of food coloring into it. IN in this example 1 drop of each of 4 dyes was used - red, yellow, blue and green.
3. Using a fork, stir the coloring and oil.
4. Carefully pour the mixture into a jar of warm water.
5. Watch what happens - the food coloring will begin to slowly fall through the oil into the water, after which each drop will begin to disperse and mix with the other drops.
* Food coloring dissolves in water, but not in oil, because... The density of oil is less than water (that’s why it “floats” on water). The dye droplet is heavier than the oil, so it will begin to sink until it reaches the water, where it will begin to disperse and look like a small fireworks display.
6. Interesting experiments: ina circle in which the colors merge
You will need:
- printout of the wheel (or you can cut out your own wheel and draw all the colors of the rainbow on it)
Elastic band or thick thread
Glue stick
Scissors
Skewer or screwdriver (to make holes in the paper wheel).
1. Select and print the two templates you want to use.
2. Take a piece of cardboard and use a glue stick to glue one template to the cardboard.
3. Cut out the glued circle from cardboard.
4. TO back side Glue the second template onto the cardboard circle.
5. Use a skewer or screwdriver to make two holes in the circle.
6. Thread the thread through the holes and tie the ends into a knot.
Now you can spin your top and watch how the colors merge on the circles.
7. Experiments for children at home: jellyfish in a jar
You will need:
Small transparent plastic bag
Transparent plastic bottle
Food coloring
Scissors.
1. Place the plastic bag on a flat surface and smooth it out.
2. Cut off the bottom and handles of the bag.
3. Cut the bag lengthwise on the right and left so that you have two sheets of polyethylene. You will need one sheet.
4. Find the center of the plastic sheet and fold it like a ball to make a jellyfish head. Tie a thread in the area of the jellyfish's "neck", but not too tightly - you need to leave a small hole through which to pour water into the jellyfish's head.
5. There is a head, now let's move on to the tentacles. Make cuts in the sheet - from the bottom to the head. You need approximately 8-10 tentacles.
6. Cut each tentacle into 3-4 smaller pieces.
7. Pour some water into the jellyfish's head, leaving room for air so the jellyfish can "float" in the bottle.
8. Fill a bottle with water and put your jellyfish in it.
9. Add a couple drops of blue or green food coloring.
* Close the lid tightly to prevent water from spilling out.
* Let the children turn the bottle over and watch the jellyfish swim in it.
8. Chemical experiments: magic crystals in a glass
You will need:
Glass glass or bowl
Plastic bowl
1 cup Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) - used in bath salts
1 cup hot water
Food coloring.
1. Place Epsom salts in a bowl and add hot water. You can add a couple of drops of food coloring to the bowl.
2. Stir the contents of the bowl for 1-2 minutes. Most of the salt granules should dissolve.
3. Pour the solution into a glass or glass and place it in the freezer for 10-15 minutes. Don't worry, the solution is not so hot that the glass will crack.
4. After freezing, transfer the solution to the main compartment of the refrigerator, preferably on the top shelf, and leave overnight.
The growth of crystals will be noticeable only after a few hours, but it is better to wait overnight.
This is what the crystals look like the next day. Remember that crystals are very fragile. If you touch them, they will most likely immediately break or crumble.
9. Experiments for children (video): soap cube
10. Chemical experiments for children (video): how to make a lava lamp with your own hands
August 2nd, 2015
Children are always trying to learn something new every day and they always have a lot of questions. They can explain certain phenomena, or they can clearly show how this or that thing, this or that phenomenon works. In these experiments, children will not only learn something new, but also learn how to create various crafts, with which they can then play.
1. Experiments for children: lemon volcano
You will need:
2 lemons (for 1 volcano)
Baking soda
Food coloring or watercolor paints
Dishwashing liquid
Wooden stick or spoon (if desired)
1. Cut off the bottom of the lemon so it can be placed on a flat surface.
2. On the back side, cut out a piece of lemon as shown in the image.
* You can cut off half a lemon and make an open volcano.
3. Take the second lemon, cut it in half and squeeze the juice into a cup. This will be the reserved lemon juice.
4. Place the first lemon (with the cut out part) on the tray and use a spoon to “squeeze” the lemon inside to squeeze out some of the juice. It is important that the juice is inside the lemon.
5. Add food coloring or watercolor inside the lemon, but do not stir.
6. Pour dish soap inside the lemon.
7. Add a full spoon of baking soda to the lemon. The reaction will begin. You can use a stick or spoon to stir everything inside the lemon - the volcano will begin to foam.
8. To make the reaction last longer, you can gradually add more soda, dyes, soap and reserve lemon juice.
2. Home experiments for children: electric eels made from chewing worms
You will need:
2 glasses
Small capacity
4-6 gummy worms
3 tablespoons baking soda
1/2 spoon of vinegar
1 cup water
Scissors, kitchen or stationery knife.
1. Using scissors or a knife, cut lengthwise (precisely lengthwise - it won't be easy, but be patient) each worm into 4 (or more) pieces.
* The smaller the piece, the better.
*If the scissors do not cut properly, try washing them with soap and water.
2. Mix water and baking soda in a glass.
3. Add pieces of worms to the solution of water and soda and stir.
4. Leave the worms in the solution for 10-15 minutes.
5. Using a fork, transfer the worm pieces to a small plate.
6. Pour half a spoon of vinegar into an empty glass and start putting worms into it one by one.
* The experiment can be repeated if you wash the worms with plain water. After a few attempts, your worms will begin to dissolve, and then you will have to cut a new batch.
3. Experiments and experiments: a rainbow on paper or how light is reflected on a flat surface
You will need:
Bowl of water
Clear nail polish
Small pieces of black paper.
1. Add 1-2 drops of clear nail polish to a bowl of water. Watch how the varnish spreads through the water.
2. Quickly (after 10 seconds) dip a piece of black paper into the bowl. Take it out and let it dry on a paper towel.
3. After the paper has dried (this happens quickly) start turning the paper and look at the rainbow that appears on it.
* To better see a rainbow on paper, look at it under the sun's rays.
4. Experiments at home: rain cloud in a jar
As small drops of water accumulate in a cloud, they become heavier and heavier. Eventually they will reach such a weight that they can no longer remain in the air and will begin to fall to the ground - this is how rain appears.
This phenomenon can be shown to children using simple materials.
You will need:
Shaving foam
Food coloring.
1. Fill the jar with water.
2. Apply shaving foam on top - it will be a cloud.
3. Have your child start dripping food coloring onto the “cloud” until it starts to “rain” - drops of coloring begin to fall to the bottom of the jar.
During the experiment, explain this phenomenon to your child.
You will need:
Warm water
Sunflower oil
4 food colors
1. Fill the jar 3/4 full with warm water.
2. Take a bowl and stir 3-4 tablespoons of oil and a few drops of food coloring into it. In this example, 1 drop of each of 4 dyes was used - red, yellow, blue and green.
3. Using a fork, stir the coloring and oil.
4. Carefully pour the mixture into a jar of warm water.
5. Watch what happens - the food coloring will begin to slowly fall through the oil into the water, after which each drop will begin to disperse and mix with the other drops.
* Food coloring dissolves in water, but not in oil, because... The density of oil is less than water (that’s why it “floats” on water). The dye droplet is heavier than the oil, so it will begin to sink until it reaches the water, where it will begin to disperse and look like a small fireworks display.
6. Interesting experiments: ina circle in which the colors merge
You will need:
- printout of the wheel (or you can cut out your own wheel and draw all the colors of the rainbow on it)
Elastic band or thick thread
Glue stick
Scissors
Skewer or screwdriver (to make holes in the paper wheel).
1. Select and print the two templates you want to use.
2. Take a piece of cardboard and use a glue stick to glue one template to the cardboard.
3. Cut out the glued circle from cardboard.
4. Glue the second template to the back of the cardboard circle.
5. Use a skewer or screwdriver to make two holes in the circle.
6. Thread the thread through the holes and tie the ends into a knot.
Now you can spin your top and watch how the colors merge on the circles.
7. Experiments for children at home: jellyfish in a jar
You will need:
Small transparent plastic bag
Transparent plastic bottle
Food coloring
Scissors.
1. Place the plastic bag on a flat surface and smooth it out.
2. Cut off the bottom and handles of the bag.
3. Cut the bag lengthwise on the right and left so that you have two sheets of polyethylene. You will need one sheet.
4. Find the center of the plastic sheet and fold it like a ball to make a jellyfish head. Tie a thread in the area of the jellyfish's "neck", but not too tightly - you need to leave a small hole through which to pour water into the jellyfish's head.
5. There is a head, now let's move on to the tentacles. Make cuts in the sheet - from the bottom to the head. You need approximately 8-10 tentacles.
6. Cut each tentacle into 3-4 smaller pieces.
7. Pour some water into the jellyfish's head, leaving room for air so the jellyfish can "float" in the bottle.
8. Fill a bottle with water and put your jellyfish in it.
9. Add a couple drops of blue or green food coloring.
* Close the lid tightly to prevent water from spilling out.
* Let the children turn the bottle over and watch the jellyfish swim in it.
8. Chemical experiments: magic crystals in a glass
You will need:
Glass glass or bowl
Plastic bowl
1 cup Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) - used in bath salts
1 cup hot water
Food coloring.
1. Place Epsom salts in a bowl and add hot water. You can add a couple of drops of food coloring to the bowl.
2. Stir the contents of the bowl for 1-2 minutes. Most of the salt granules should dissolve.
3. Pour the solution into a glass or glass and place it in the freezer for 10-15 minutes. Don't worry, the solution is not so hot that the glass will crack.
4. After freezing, transfer the solution to the main compartment of the refrigerator, preferably on the top shelf, and leave overnight.
The growth of crystals will be noticeable only after a few hours, but it is better to wait overnight.
This is what the crystals look like the next day. Remember that crystals are very fragile. If you touch them, they will most likely immediately break or crumble.
9. Experiments for children (video): soap cube
10. Chemical experiments for children (video): how to make a lava lamp with your own hands
How to arrange a kitchenEach of us has watched Hollywood films and certainly paid attention to the interiors there - spacious, functional and completely different...
