Small bathhouses for a summer residence - several interesting projects for self-construction

Bath- This is one of the main buildings on a modern personal plot. Here you can relax and take a break from household and garden work while improving your health. However, in order to bath building functioned correctly, when constructing it you should take into account whole line nuances.

Traditional sauna includes several functional premises, however, due to territorial limitations personal plots, home craftsmen strive to reduce the size of the structure as much as possible. Sometimes this reduces the area of ​​the premises, and in some cases some of them have to be abandoned altogether.

This article provides some useful tips for design and construction of small bath structures.

Features of bath buildings

Traditional Russian bath was made of wood. However, today such buildings can be erected from any building blocks.

Ideally bath building should include the following premises:

1. Waiting room. This ordinary hallway or a locker room in which there is a closet where the clothes of bathhouse visitors are hung, as well as a place to store fuel.
2. Restroom- usually the largest room in the bathhouse, where there is a table where you can have tea and have conversations with friends.
3. Washing, where a container of water is located for receiving cooling procedures.
4. Steam room — main place in the bath, Where stove-stove being installed, heating the air in the steam room.

Unfortunately, due to space saving, such a set of rooms is not present in every bath, which will be discussed below.

Reasons for building a small bathhouse

Nowadays small sauna for the cottage can be built for several reasons:

1. Lack of free space.
2. Low price, because the costs for small-sized construction will be much lower.
3. For practical reasons. The smaller the building, the lighter it is and puts less pressure on the foundation, therefore, it is easier to maintain it in proper condition. And there is simply no need for a single person or a small family to build a whole mansion for bathing procedures.

About the distribution of space in small baths

If your goal is do-it-yourself small sauna in the country, then to save space you should listen to these tips:

1. Waiting room And rest room most often combined into one large room. Naturally, if you do not plan to use the bathhouse by several people at once, then it is better to make the rest room a small, cozy room, placing a table for four people and four stools here.

Advice! Should only be used simple wooden furniture. Cushioned furniture, covered with leather or fabric is not suitable for such rooms, because constant humidity will have an extremely negative impact on the appearance of such upholstery.

You also need to decide from which room the fuel will be loaded into the stove.

Often the oven is loaded from the rest room, because:

• It is more convenient to store firewood here; in this case, there is no need to bring it into the steam room.
• Despite the small size of the steam room, loading fuel from this room will be inconvenient.

• Along one wall there is a place for storing firewood, a stove door and a door to the steam room.
• On the opposite wall there is a wardrobe and a table with chairs.

Advice! The interior of the rest room should be as simple as possible. Before decorating it with various objects, think about whether they are suitable for the given room. Skins and stuffed animals are clearly a poor choice.

1. If you are planning to build a very small bathhouse (for example, 3 by 3 meters), then you can completely abandon the rest room.

In this case, you need to do the following:

• At the entrance there is small hallway, which accommodates a cabinet and fuel storage space.
• Fuel is loaded in the steam room.
• The interior consists of three rooms: an entrance hall, a sink and a steam room.

Calculation of space for bathhouse premises

Wishing build a small bathhouse, it is very important not to overdo it, because considerations of saving space should not be higher than the functionality of the room.

1. The volume of the rest room should be calculated taking into account the fact that each visitor has 2-3 square meters of space.
2. The area of ​​the washing room is calculated similarly to the rest room.
3. The steam room can be more cramped; one and a half to two square meters per person will be enough here.

It is advisable that there is one small window in each room. This will save you energy costs when taking bath procedures in daytime days.

Advice! Windows should be located at a height above the height of the average person, that is, at a distance of 185-190 cm from the floor.

Construction planning- a very important stage, since it is during the development of the plan that the further comfort from using the bathhouse is determined. Therefore, compiling project of a small bathhouse for a summer residence, you should compare all the pros and cons as much as possible to get the most functional structure.

Small bathhouses for a summer residence photo

You can build a Russian bathhouse with your own hands from start to finish, install windows and doors yourself, install a wooden font, furniture. But first you need to properly raise the frame, lay the floor, sew up the ceiling, and build a stove. Studying step-by-step instructions and advice from professionals will help with this.

Russian bath: features of its action

The human body temperature does not exceed 40° because he sweats, due to which he releases excess heat into the surrounding air with the release of excess fluid. This is the basis of the operating principle of any type of bath. The differences are only in the ratio of temperature and humidity.

IN Turkish bath(hammam) humidity reaches 100%, and the temperature of the air, stone floor and benches does not exceed 40°. In sauna ( Finnish sauna) this relationship is completely opposite. At 120° the humidity is only 40%.

But the optimal combination of temperature and humidity for health (without any negative consequences there will be no harm from such a procedure) can only be maintained in a Russian bathhouse, but only if it is competently designed and built.

A bathhouse cannot be called a cheap pleasure. If you order its construction on a turnkey basis, the amount may turn out to be unaffordable. With average prices for materials and specialist work, you will have to pay from 7 to 22 thousand dollars. Most simple bath You can build it yourself, saving significant money.

Construction of a Russian steam bath

Russian baths, as close as possible to traditional ones, are coming back into fashion. They have their own characteristics:

• the foundation is a boulder stone that does not require a plinth;
• walls - log frame, wild, debarked and dried, selectively chopped logs, which have not undergone any other processing;
• assembly without metal parts such as nails or corners;
• caulking natural materials such as tow and moss;
• insulation with natural materials, for example, peat or moss;
• waterproofing - natural resin;
• roof - shingles, turf or shingles;
• the stove must be made of stone;
• font - barrel, swimming pool (you can always run outside and plunge into a river, lake or rub yourself in the snow).

All this creates a lot of unnecessary difficulties; the bathhouse itself is generally flammable and short-lived. But there is every opportunity to independently build a bathhouse with the same qualities, but much more practical and modern. It is recommended to make a sauna house not only with a steam room, but also with a washing room, where there is a font, a tub for dousing or a shower, and a dressing room.

Waiting room

They undress in it, store towels, sheets, brooms and brooms, relax between visits to the steam room, and drink tea. This room serves as a barrier to cold air. There is a window there (for security reasons and for beauty).

Steam room

A heater with a water tank is installed in it, and beds or shelves for lying on are built. The oven provides uniform, strong heating and exposure to superheated steam without convective air mixing. The steam room may have a small window for ventilation, which will help avoid waterlogging (one or two ventilation holes can be made for the same purpose).

Washing

Heat in this room comes from back wall ovens. After visiting the steam room, you need to cool down in the font or shower, which removes waste and toxins from the body. At the same time, sweating does not stop, and due to high humidity it also intensifies. The washing machine's operating principle is similar to that of a hammam.

Preparing for construction

You can build on a small plot small sauna, which can comfortably accommodate three to four people.

Selecting a location

If the area is small, then you don’t have much choice. But if it is spacious, then there is an opportunity to use all possible advantages.

You can limit yourself to the simplest and cheapest foundation if the site has good hard soil and deep groundwater. The bathhouse should not be located close to the well, as it is considered a source of pollution, the house (so that moisture from the drain does not damage the foundation), the toilet and compost pit(so as not to blur their contents).

Selecting wall material

Although a bathhouse can now be built from anything, for example, from brick, polystyrene concrete, aerated concrete, expanded clay or foam blocks, there are physical laws that confirm the appropriateness of the conservative practices of our ancestors. And all due to the fact that it heats up very much and then cools down, high humidity is created in it, and after ventilation the rooms dry out quickly. Blocks and bricks in this mode must have a special multi-layer cladding.

The tree may not have any cladding. In addition, it is this material that, when heated, gives an exceptionally healthy and beneficial heat. Therefore, for aesthetic and practical reasons, it is recommended to dwell on it.

Choosing a wood species

The intensity of the steam depends on the wood from which the walls of the steam room are made:

1. Linden, with its low heat capacity, produces light, light-duty steam. In such a bathhouse, the air is always hotter than the walls, and they are also very useful. But you can no longer find linden logs; they are practically not harvested.
2. Oak with a high heat capacity produces “vigorous” steam, which is difficult to endure. In addition, the walls add temperature. Oak logs are incredibly expensive, so they are usually used only as lower crowns.
3. The best option is coniferous species. The heat from the walls and the air in such baths is approximately the same. In addition, the material is quite accessible. The best coniferous tree for a sauna log house is larch, but you will have to fork out the money to buy it. If this is not possible, then pine or spruce will do.

What you need to pay attention to when buying wood:

How to choose the right type of lumber

Glued imitations are suitable for any building, except for a bathhouse. The lamellas from which the timber (or log) is made warp and deform due to temperature.

Solid timber can be profiled or regular edged. The main disadvantage of the second type is frequent warping as a result of air drying. Profiled timber is expensive, and not just any one is suitable for building a bathhouse; for example, material with recesses at the top is not suitable due to the collection of condensate in them.

Therefore, most often a log is used to build a bathhouse. Raw or wild is difficult to buy. Therefore, it is recommended to choose a rounded log: it is well dried and smooth. It should not have radial cracks, as condensation accumulates in them, and this leads to rotting. Likewise, it should not have cuts in the upper part. To cut into a bowl, the log must have a so-called moon groove at the bottom.

You need to choose the cutting method in advance. There are several options for designing the ends of the logs and assembling them into a structure:

• "into the bowl";
• "in the paw";
• Canadian cabin.

How to make a drawing of a bathhouse

Since the length of a rounded log is 6 meters, it would be logical to take this into account when designing a bathhouse, making its side exactly like this. The building must have a steam room, a washing room, a dressing room and a stove. The height of the bath is usually determined solely by capabilities, but traditionally the floor to ceiling should be 220 or 230 cm.

Approval of the project by administrative authorities

This is a key step. Without approval of the project before the start of construction, an already built bathhouse can be demolished due to any complaints from neighbors, and you will lose the labor and money invested. The project should include the following items:

Approximate material calculation

To carry out the calculation, you need to take into account what diameter the log will have. A larger one is better for a bath, but it is more expensive. The optimal diameter is 280 mm. The cost of 1 m 3 of such logs with cups is on average about 8 thousand rubles.

Now you need to determine the height of the pediment. To do this, it is recommended to focus on natural conditions. At large quantities rainfall, the gable should be high, and the roof steep, so that the snow does not linger on it, and when strong winds on the contrary, so as not to create excessive windage. The average height of the pediment is 1.5 m.

Photo gallery: drawings of a log house and necessary parameters

Top view and log cross-section parameters A drawing of a log house will help in filling out the initial data To calculate the amount of material, you must fill in all the initial data A special calculator can help with the calculation. All values ​​can be entered into a special table

What tool will you need?

To build a bathhouse with your own hands you need:

• electric saw;
• grinder with a set of discs;
• drill with various drills and grinding attachments;
• planer, jointer (or electric analogues);
• axes;
• crowbar, mount;
• pliers, nail puller;
• bayonet and shovel;
• hydraulic level;
• hammers;
• mallet;
• bit;
• set of chisels;
• files;
• caulk tool;
• tape measure and carpenter's meter;
• buckets;
• wheelbarrow;
• stairs;
• construction trestles;
• container for concrete or construction mixer.

Now you can proceed directly to construction.

Step-by-step instructions for building from scratch with your own hands

All work can be divided into stages that follow each other. Between some of them it is necessary to make a certain time interval.

Construction of the foundation

First you need to select its type:

1. Foundation made of natural boulders. Large stones with a cross-shaped notch are specially selected for the corners.
2. Unrecessed or shallowly buried strip foundation. Markings are made on the ground, a trench of the required width and depth is dug, formwork is made, filled with mortar, covered with film, and dried. Advantages: comparative lightness and low cost of construction. Disadvantage - cannot be used on unreliable soils with closely suitable groundwater, clayey and sandy.
3. On unstable soils and on a slope, it is recommended to install a columnar pile foundation from asbestos-cement pipes concreted into soil with stone filler. Advantages - resistance to subsidence and soil sliding. The disadvantage is that it is more difficult to insulate the underground.
4. Metal welded pile-grillage foundation. Dignity - beauty and functionality. Disadvantage: it requires special equipment for manufacturing.
5. The best foundation for small bathhouse- non-buried columnar. Made from ready-made concrete blocks measuring 200x200x400 mm. Advantages: ease of construction, low cost, versatility for any soil. There are no disadvantages.

Waterproofing and foundation sheathing

All types of foundations, except boulder foundations, require waterproofing between. It is usually done using roofing felt or bitumen.

Lathing with thin slats over waterproofing is needed to prevent capillary seepage of moisture into the frame. However, a columnar block foundation does not need it.

Drain system device

This stage occurs immediately after the foundation is laid, before the construction of the log house, simultaneously with the insulation of the subfloor.

In the old baths, the drain went straight through the plank floor to the ground, so the building was placed on a natural slope. Now such a drain is prohibited, but you can use the idea itself both in the steam room and in the washing room. It is recommended to organize a drain through the entire floor or collect it at one point where a drain grate is installed. But the first option will be more environmentally friendly.

Important! Under no circumstances should a bathhouse drain be connected to a common septic tank; it will simply choke due to volley discharges. You need to dig a separate drain hole.

The subfloor is first insulated with expanded clay, then concrete screed downhill This work can only be done in summer, as the concrete will not be strong if it is poured in the cold. The cement is mixed with the addition of a water-polymer emulsion (at the rate of 200 ml per 10 liters of concrete). The dried and already hardened foundation is coated with bitumen mastic, then left for a week. It is advisable to build a primitive water seal that can eliminate unpleasant odors.

Features of the floor in the bath

It cannot be strictly connected to the log house. The ends of the joists, on which the floor with slots are laid, are inserted into the slots lower crown. It is advisable to make the logs from “tar”. The floor may have slots or a ladder. In the vestibule it is always solid. It is recommended to use a tongue and groove board for the floor.

Lifting the log house

It is placed sequentially, each crown is fixed with dowels - round dowels (it is advisable to take oak ones). A hole for fastening half the thickness of the previous one is drilled through the log, all the way down. They take it off. They put caulking. Insert the dowel by piercing the caulk with it. Thread the top log onto the dowel. Repeat in a checkerboard pattern.

Do not forget to remove a piece of log in those places where there should be openings for windows and doors on their upper side.

Caulk is laid between the logs in a stretch, and then the finished log house is caulked with a cord.

Residential buildings are insulated with synthetic waterproofing agents, but this is not suitable for a bathhouse. Jute will replace traditional moss and hemp. It literally fuses with the wood and seals the room perfectly. This type of caulking is sold in sets (tape and cord).

Don't forget about the so-called technological break. The finished log house is sewn up on top with any auxiliary material, including cardboard, and covered with film for drying and shrinking. The process can take from six months to one and a half years. Only after this period has expired can construction continue.

Cutting openings for doors and windows

Openings are cut down from the marks left with mandatory control by a hydraulic level. The trimmings will go to the ceiling and furniture. You can immediately make a joint doorway. Since the log house “walks” constantly, the usual door frame will not withstand changing load. Eat special technology, on which only vertical parts are fixed, which levels out its deformation. To do this, mark a hole for the door along a hydraulic level or plumb line, and remove the wood according to the intended profile. The height of the opening should be 5–7 cm greater than the door so that there is freedom for deformation. It is then recommended to fill this gap with tow and then cover it with platband. The edges of the logs are trimmed so that the platbands can be secured.

What should the ceiling be like?

It is recommended to stop at false ceiling due to its durability and cost-effectiveness. This design consists of beams connected to a log house, which also serve as rafters. After constructing the ceiling, it is caulked with jute, covered with roofing felt and insulated with mineral wool.

Roof installation

The roof is suitable gable. The rafters are mounted from timber.

All work takes place in several steps:

1. First, the central pillars are installed at the height of the pediment.
2. Then the ridge and rafters and light sheathing are installed.
3. A coating is placed on it. It is better to use for a bath traditional materials for the roof, for example, metal tiles, corrugated sheets, galvanized iron, slate. It is surprising that the most durable and stylish coating is shingles. But if earlier it was material for the poor, now everything is completely different.

Exterior and interior decoration

If the frame was raised correctly, it had enough time to shrink, then no interior decoration no walls needed.

Doors and windows

These parts can be bought or made yourself (from tongue-and-groove boards with dowels).

Installation should be carried out according to the following plan:

1. A door frame with a door is inserted into the finished frame.
2. The vertical is adjusted and verified according to the hydraulic level. Fixed with self-tapping screws.
3. The top gap is filled with tow, tucked around the perimeter of the door, if necessary, and trim is installed on both sides of the door.
4. Handles and locks are installed.

Bath furniture

Bathroom furniture can be used for a steam room (shelves) and a washing room with a dressing room (benches, table).

Shelves come in different widths. It depends on personal preference, although there are some design traditions that allow you to calculate minimum size, suitable for a person of average height and build. It is customary to increase the average sizes to comfortable ones.

The minimum distance from the shelves to the ceiling should be at least 110 cm. In such a bathhouse you will not overheat on the upper tier, and there will be enough space to sit or lie with your legs raised. There are people who like to wave a broom very actively. Then it makes sense to leave more space at the top (up to 1.5 m). The lower tier is traditionally located no lower than 30 cm from the floor of the steam room.

It would be advisable to make the shelves not from pine, but from linden, since it has lower thermal conductivity and does not emit resin. The frame can be made from timber, then sheathed with prepared boards.

Even at the construction stage, it is necessary to use modern impregnating compounds that can withstand high temperatures and humidity without harming human health. This way you can protect the building from fungus and rot. Those that are suitable for the ceiling cannot always be used to cover furniture.

Manufacturers of varnishes and paints (Senezh, Empils, Rogneda, Dulux, Tikkurila, Nobel, Belinka, Teknos) produce many such products with water-repellent natural substances such as paraffin, wax, oil. They are divided into those suitable for external walls, internal surfaces that a person does not touch with his body (ceiling) and furniture.

Pyroprotective and antiseptic impregnation The cutting of logs is usually done at the timber mill, but it needs to be done again after construction.

The first application of the compositions to furniture is carried out immediately after its manufacture on a dry and clean surface, or even before manufacture (on wooden blanks). The product should be evenly distributed with a sponge, soft cloth or with a brush. Due to the thick consistency, a spray gun will not work.

How to build a sauna stove

For all sauna stoves There is a single condition, the fulfillment of which is mandatory - lengthening the combustion channel so that the door is located in the dressing room (firewood is put into it in that room).

You can install a metal stove by purchasing it from finished form, or build a brick one yourself (it is much better due to its slower heating and long-term heat transfer). The most difficult thing in this case will be to correctly remove the chimney through wooden roof, isolating it with special metal sheets and vermiculite.

Stones must be selected as carefully as possible. They must have the following qualities:

• heat resistance (does not collapse due to temperature changes);
• heat capacity (gives off heat for a long time);
• environmental friendliness (does not emit harmful substances when heated);
• homogeneity and the same coefficient of thermal expansion (foreign inclusions with a different thermal expansion can explode when heated);
• round shape (it improves the circulation of hot air).

The stones should be:

• up to 13 cm for the first layer on the grill;
• up to 9 for the intermediate layer;
• up to 6 for the top layer.

If the heater is made correctly, then unforgettable moments of steam await you.

Features of operation

Only a steam room provides the healthiest and only correct ratio of humidity and heat. But even there there are extreme values. This is also confirmed scientifically. The best state of health at a certain combination of humidity and temperature is graphically expressed by a homeothermal curve. Below the first of the curves - optimal combination temperatures up to 90° and humidity up to 80%, which is what the Russian steam bath provides.

While in the steam room, the body is washed with hot, humid air, especially when exposed to it with a broom, due to which everything warms up. In this case, there is a constant flow of oxygen to the tissues.

After being in the steam room, you need to plunge into the ice plunge pool.

Video: building a bathhouse from a log

Steam in a Russian bath trains blood vessels, improves immunity, reduces weight and pleases the soul. And if it is also built with your own hands, then the pleasure increases many times over.

Traditionally, bathhouses are usually installed on their own personal plots or at dachas in the form of separate buildings. However, not everyone has sufficient quantity territory in order to mount such a full-fledged bath complex. In this case, a mini sauna for a summer residence comes to the rescue.

You can build this miracle yourself, based on the space allocated for it. In this case, you will need to draw up a full-fledged project with scrupulous geometric calculations. Also, this stage can easily be delegated to professionals who, for a certain cost (it can be quite large), will provide results in the shortest possible time. In some cases, it is appropriate to use ready-made standard proposals.

Dimensions

A mini sauna for a dacha, built with your own hands, will bring more joy to the owner and will allow you to significantly save on the project and on paying third-party builders. At the design stage, you will have to pay attention to the fact that in projects for mini-baths for summer cottages, as a rule, not all traditional rooms found in classic bathhouse complexes are included.

In most cases, such buildings are devoid of rest rooms and other frills. Only functionally important elements remain:

• a steam room that combines the functions of a washing room;
• a dressing room where people undress and leave things.

Pouring the foundation

The implementation of a do-it-yourself mini bathhouse project for a summer cottage begins with the construction of a foundation. Since the structure is supposed to carry a small load, in most cases they make do with support-column piles or a shallow strip foundation.

For small design a strip base is suitable

The second option is relevant for loose soft soils. Piles are used in cases where the soil is quite hard and digging a deep trench is not advisable. When the mini sauna in the country (the video is presented on the page) will be mounted on hard and dry soil, they will make do with pouring a lightweight version of the foundation. To form it, a layer of stones is laid close to each other over the entire area of ​​the future building. A layer of clay is applied on top of it and compaction is carried out. After carrying out such work, it is necessary to level the surface and then lay a waterproofing layer on it.

If a mini bathhouse for a summer residence (the photo is on our website) requires the presence of a strip foundation, then the following actions are carried out:

• they fall asleep in the trench sand cushion up to 150 mm;
• roofing felt is laid for waterproofing;
• mounted wooden formwork;
• Prepared concrete is poured into the formwork cavity.

To make a columnar foundation for a mini bathhouse for a summer residence, you need to buy concrete pillars and bury them at approximately equal distances from each other, 0.8-1.0 m. This type of foundation will be relevant for frame construction.

It is also worth paying attention to the pile-screw foundation, which is much easier to install than concrete pillars, but at the same time is a more durable foundation.

The distance between piles should not exceed two meters around the perimeter of the building. Piles can be driven in manually or using special equipment(Yamobura), while they always dive to a depth below the freezing level of the soil (150-200 cm).

Piles for one house with an area of ​​up to 60 sq.m. two people can do it in 1 day.

Wall installation

You can make it easier to build a foundation for yourself using the frame construction method. This option is the most economical in this situation.

Construction of walls

The inside of the installed wooden frame sheathed with timber. At the next stage, a layer of thermal insulation is formed. To ensure the effective functioning of a budget mini-sauna in a country house, installed with your own hands, it is necessary to choose the right layer of insulation. The following materials serve as it:

• mineral wool;
• sawdust with clay;
• expanded clay

Cladding the outside with a block house will give the structure an elegant appearance. You can choose the finishing of the building in the same style as the house located on the site.

When choosing materials, it is necessary to take into account their fireproof properties.

Water supply and drainage

In order for a mini sauna for a summer residence to be inexpensive, it is necessary to install an effective but compact drainage system. A hole with a useful volume of about 100 liters is dug nearby for it. This is enough for 1-2 people. You can put a barrel without a bottom inside it to prevent the walls from collapsing. It is necessary to lay the pipeline from the steam room taking into account the operating time of the mini bath. For winter period plastic sewer pipe deepen below 0.8-1.0 m so that it does not freeze.

Draining

To provide a mini sauna at the dacha hot water, you need to buy an inexpensive electric heating element. It will quickly heat a small volume of water, which will reduce the time it takes to light the stove. Containers with water are placed higher so that it can be used without additional pumping, and it flows by gravity. In some cases, a mixer is installed.

The water drain can also be connected to a common home sewer system. This option will reduce the cost of additional equipment autonomous system drainage.

Drain communications are laid under small angle tilt so that water does not linger in the cavities. For an autonomous pit, a layer of expanded clay or coarse crushed stone is provided at the bottom of the cavity. From above it is necessary to reliably insulate it from freezing. It is enough to lay a layer of soil or clay.

Ventilation installation

In order for a mini bathhouse in the countryside assembled with your own hands to look like in the photo for a long time, it is necessary to provide it with high-quality ventilation. If this is not done, an unpleasant odor will form inside, which will be difficult to get rid of. With good ventilation, the internal wooden base will have therapeutic and prophylactic properties for a long time.

Ventilation

For a small bathhouse, a glazed window will be suitable, which will be located opposite front door. It can also be seen by simple holes with a damper in the wall. If the budget allows, then buy an exhaust or supply opening of the required dimensions.

Even when building a frame bath, you need to pay attention to thermal insulation. It doesn’t matter what the temperature inside the room and steam room will be if more than 50% of the heat escapes through the walls and ceiling. The main points of heat loss are walls, floors and ceilings. To insulate them, standard heat insulators are used, but with mandatory waterproofing.

Single design

The simplest option is a frame mini-sauna in the country, installed with your own hands. The minimum size of the structure is often limited to a length of 2 meters. Its width rarely exceeds 1.3-1.5 m. The outer layer is lining, and the waterproofing is roofing felt. The room can be heated with a powerful heater up to 4 kW. It is located next to the heater made of fragments of soapstone or basalt.

Single bathhouse

Limestone, flint or layered sandstones should not be used as heating stones for the heater.

If space allows, it can be filled with a wood-burning stove. Small room it will warm up very quickly.

VIDEO: Mini sauna. The dream of all summer residents! Log house 2x3 and dressing room made of clapboard

If you plan to use the sauna only in summer period, its construction will be inexpensive. Such a building will not require thorough insulation, and solar heat will do a great job of heating water for washing. You will learn about the construction of such a bathhouse from our material.

Content:

Summer baths are usually built in summer cottages. For seasonal use there is no point in erecting a capital structure. Light frame buildings made of boards, plywood, polycarbonate and other materials cope with their functions quite well. Log houses used as a summer version of a bathhouse do not require insulation, with the exception of the steam room.

Features of summer baths

Summer baths can be used both for washing and for taking full bath procedures and are built using frame-panel technology.

In the first case, the heat source is solar energy, which allows you to create a greenhouse effect in the bathhouse and heat the water for washing. This structure does not have a stove, so you won’t be able to take a steam bath with a broom here. The walls and roof of such baths are made of materials that accumulate heat, for example, cellular polycarbonate. Thanks to this, the bathhouse premises maintain a comfortable temperature for carrying out hygiene measures even in cloudy weather.

Another variant summer bath- light construction with a metal stove, dressing room, steam room and washing compartment. It is not much different from a traditional Russian bath, and therefore has a healing effect.

Any materials that are used for the construction of summer baths using frame-panel technology have their advantages and disadvantages. Unlike log baths, frame buildings do not shrink - this is their important advantage. No need to wait 1 year to start finishing works and put the bathhouse into operation.

Another plus is that a light-weight wooden bathhouse does not require a massive strip foundation. Here you can use brick, block or concrete pillars. This will provide significant savings in funds allocated for construction.

If a summer frame bath is thoroughly insulated, it can be used all year round, and its price, including labor costs, will be much less than a similar building made of brick, logs and other massive materials.

Timber and boards used in frame-panel technology for the construction of buildings are useful natural material, but it has certain disadvantages, such as susceptibility to rotting, bug damage, cracking, deformation, etc.

like this summer bath you can build it with your own hands, having one assistant and necessary tools. We will analyze construction technologies using examples. frame buildings, assembled from cellular polycarbonate and from boards.

DIY polycarbonate summer bath

The roofing and lining of such a bathhouse allows you to use the energy of the sun to heat water. Since the temperature in the building’s premises depends directly on insolation, its front wall should be oriented towards the south and have no obstacles that shade it. In summer, a roof made of polycarbonate, in addition to storing heat, also provides light.

For construction you will need: edged board 50x100 mm, batten 50x150 mm, logs for the frame, OSB board 9 mm, cellular polycarbonate 6 mm, foam plastic 4 mm, cement, sand and brick for the foundation, screws 3.5x40 mm and washers with spacers for fastening polycarbonate sheets.

The work is done in this order:

1. Using a cord and pegs, the building site is marked. Foundation columns are installed at each corner of the sections.
2. Each of them is covered with roofing felt waterproofing. Then the foundation is strapped with antiseptic-impregnated timber.
3. 2.5 m long posts made of 50x100 mm boards are installed on the harness with a cut into the timber. Their verticality is checked with a building level.
4. The rafters are laid in increments of 600 mm. This will prevent the polycarbonate sheets from deforming under any snow load.
5. Polycarbonate sheets are cut to size for the roof and screwed to the rafters with self-tapping screws. When installing, be sure to use washers with soft spacers. The material is laid so that the stiffening ribs are perpendicular to the cornice. The ends of the roof are equipped with plugs that protect from dust and moisture.
6. The outside of the frame is sheathed with OSB (oriented strand board).
7. The walls of the bathhouse are lined with polycarbonate. External side its sheets are the one that has UV protection.
8. The internal surfaces of the bath section are sheathed with polycarbonate. The second layer will ensure the opacity of the walls and maintain privacy. internal space. There is a hole in the floor for drainage, which is equipped with a regular mesh for washing. The dressing room is lined with OSB board, and the partition between it and the “steam room” can be made of polycarbonate.
9. The walls are treated from the outside water-repellent composition, doors are hung and ready-made window units are installed.

Hot water must be brought into such a bathhouse or pumped into it, since there is no stove in such a building. But on a hot day, the water is perfectly heated by the sun. Drainage can be arranged in a pit with high-quality drainage.

Construction of a summer bath from boards

To build baths using frame-panel technology, it is possible to use not only boards, but also plywood, as well as OSB boards. In addition to them, various insulation, vapor and waterproofing materials are included in the multilayer construction of walls, ceilings, floors and roofs.

Let's consider the features of the materials that are used for the construction of a summer bath:

• To make the frame, boards with a cross section of 50x100 mm or more or dried timber are used.
• The external cladding is made of pine or larch boards.
• Internal cladding requires the use of wood with a low thermal conductivity coefficient, such as linden or aspen.
• Vapor barrier materials should not emit odor or odor when heated. harmful substances. Therefore, it is not recommended to use roofing felt and roofing felt in steam rooms. You can choose modern membranes. Foil films are the most effective. They combine vapor barrier and heat-reflecting properties.
• Thermal insulation materials serve to preserve comfortable temperature in the bathhouse and do not interfere with its air exchange. Most often used basalt wool in the form of rolls or plates. It does not burn and is not toxic.

The construction of a bathhouse from boards is carried out in the following order:

1. The base piping of the bathhouse is performed, which serves as the basis for its frame. In this case, 150x150 mm timber or 50x100 mm boards are used, laid in 2-3 rows on an edge. Before installation, the material is treated with an antiseptic. When used for tying boards, it is easier to connect them in the corners and make grooves in the structure for attaching vertical frame elements.
2. After assembling the lower trim, it is placed on a columnar foundation and leveled in a strictly horizontal position. Between the trim and the top surface of the posts there should be waterproofing roofing felt pads. The corners of the wooden structure must necessarily rest on the foundation pillars.
3. After installation, fastening and grooves of the bottom trim, the frame posts are placed. The step between them is taken to be 600 mm in accordance with the width of the insulation boards. In the process of this work, it is necessary to determine the location of the door and window openings. First, the racks framing them are installed and corner posts, and then everything in between vertical elements. Some of them should be planned for placement in places where walls meet internal partitions.
4. Temporary fastenings of the racks are carried out by jibs connecting the vertical elements of the frame with bottom trim. Correct installation is checked by level.
5. The free ends of the racks are connected top harness, made from 50mm thick boards laid flat.
6. All work on the construction of the frame of a summer bath from boards must be carried out carefully, drawing right angles, as well as maintaining the correct levels of its elements vertically and horizontally.
7. After assembling the frame, it is carried out external cladding boards. To impart rigidity to the structure, it is carried out in the horizontal direction. The boards do not need to be fastened end to end, as when they dry out, cracks will inevitably appear between them. It is necessary to lay waterproofing under the sheathing.
8. The next stage of work is the installation of insulation. It is placed in the space between the racks and does not require fastening if it fits tightly to them.
9. Then a vapor barrier film layer is laid on top of the insulation. Thin slats and a stapler are used to secure it. The joint of the canvases is overlapped and taped. Accidental damage to the film should also be repaired. To drain condensate, the lower edge of the film should be placed 10-15 cm below the junction of the floor and the wall to avoid moisture getting on wooden elements designs.
10. The internal lining of the bathhouse is carried out in a vertical direction. Between its back side and the vapor barrier layer it is necessary to leave ventilation gap. For its construction, thin slats packed onto the frame posts can serve.
11. The ceiling of a summer bath is made in the same way with the difference that the thickness of the insulation for it is taken to be 2 times greater.

How to build a summer bath using frame-panel technology - watch the video:

Almost every owner own home dreams of a bath. And even if you are not going to build a bathhouse with your own hands, then you need to at least understand the variety of bathhouse designs and their little secrets.

Did you know that before building a bathhouse it is important to orient it to the cardinal directions? Usually the door to the bathhouse is located on the south side - in winter the snow melts there earlier and you don’t have to clear it often. But it is better to place the windows in the west - in the evening there will be more light in them, because we usually go to the bathhouse in the evenings.

The bathhouse is built from wood, brick, natural stone or concrete structures. The advantage of wooden baths is that they retain heat excellently and are built from environmentally friendly materials. pure material- spruce or pine. For a bath, from wooden beam not required additional ventilation. Wood “breathes” perfectly; just install a ventilation grill.

Winter wood is used to build a log bathhouse - it is denser and less susceptible to rotting. Do not rush to start a sauna when the log house is ready - it must sit for a year, and only then can you begin finishing work.


On initial stage construction, it is necessary to resolve the issue of choosing a location such as a bathhouse. It can be erected as a free-standing structure or attached to a house or other residential building.

Many people believe that connecting a bathhouse and a house can add dampness and unpleasant odor in the house. But, if the bathhouse has proper waterproofing, ventilation and sewerage, then the above-mentioned problems should not exist.

On the other hand, a bathhouse made as a separate building is more fireproof, and a small veranda near the bathhouse can completely replace your garden gazebo.


A very important point when building a bathhouse is laying the foundation. The foundation can be strip, columnar or pile. For building a bathhouse with your own hands, a columnar foundation is considered the best, which consists of concrete piles set to a depth of about 1.5 meters. Such a foundation is made of stone, brick or concrete.

To decorate the inside of a bathhouse, it is better to use material made from trees such as poplar, alder or aspen, since they have high moisture resistance and low thermal conductivity. We recommend making the floors also from wood, since it heats up slightly. But wood has a tendency to rot, so it is better to make a collapsible floor and ventilate it and dry it in the sun at least once a year.

The shelves in the bathhouse may not be very good big size. The main thing is that you can sit on them freely or lie comfortably. The size of the steam room should be about 6 square meters. m. - so you don’t need a lot of firewood to warm it up, and it’s not cramped. In a proper Russian bath, the air temperature is about 60 degrees and the humidity is 40%. Compare with Finnish sauna, where the temperature is 90 degrees and humidity is 10%.

To build a sauna with your own hands, an important point is the choice of a stove for heating the steam room. The “lightness” of steam depends on the type of oven. A brick oven takes longer to heat up and needs to sit for about an hour - but the steam is perfect and light. An iron stove heats up quickly and does not pose a risk of burning, but the steam is harsher.

The stove must be installed on a foundation. Under no circumstances should it touch the walls of the bathhouse. Consider the fact that the stove must be positioned so that all rooms of the bathhouse are heated at once. Today, stoves with an extended firebox are very popular. Such stoves allow you to heat in a steam room from the dressing room. A good stove distributes heat evenly throughout the entire bath.

The layout of the bathhouse includes three main rooms: a steam room, a shower room and a relaxation room.

In addition to these rooms, the bathhouse may include a small outdoor pool, because a bathhouse is not only steam and heat, but also hardening in the fresh air. After all, after a steam bath you need to close your pores - and this is best done cold water external reservoir.

If you do not have the opportunity to build a bathhouse from logs, you can choose another construction option from the so-called “wooden bricks”.


In this type of construction, wooden blocks are placed in cement mortar like bricks.


This way you will not only save on building a bathhouse, but also get a more fireproof option.


Such a bathhouse looks quite decent inside, and, in addition, in this way you can easily build a tent bathhouse that is so rare.

The layout of the bathhouse will allow you to carefully consider the required functionality of your bathhouse and more accurately predict your costs and labor costs.

Bathhouse layout 1.

Bathhouse layout 2.

Bathhouse layout 3.

Bathhouse layout 4.

Bathhouse layout 5.

The bathhouse is a difficult place; for a long time, the bathhouse has rightfully been considered a real healer - “In the bathhouse, you will be born again!” But the bathhouse also has its own legends. So in the times of paganism, the Slavs, having heated the baths well and laid out clean clothes there, closed them tightly and left. This was the time when dead ancestors took a steam bath.

During times early Christianity The bathhouse was considered a suspicious place. It was forbidden to hang icons in the bathhouse and to bring bathhouse utensils into the house. After the bath, a person had to splash himself with cold water or plunge into the river to drive away evil spirits. After visiting the bathhouse it was forbidden to go to church; it was a sin to wash Orthodox holidays, as well as on Wednesday, Friday and Sunday. Thus, Saturday became the bathing day.

The spirit of the bathhouse, the bannik, demanded respect for himself and forbade entering the bathhouse after dark and taking the bathhouse drunk. It was a big offense to rush a person taking a steam bath or leave a child unattended in the bathhouse - they could be dragged away by the bathhouse spirit.


If you are planning to build a bathhouse on your summer cottage, we hope that our little tips were useful to you. And the long-standing traditions that we told you about will help you not only enjoy visiting the bathhouse, but also be extremely careful near a hot stove and steam.
After all, a do-it-yourself bath is an exciting and useful activity; perhaps you will be interested in getting acquainted with modern options baths in our video: