Compared to city apartments in multi-storey buildings, private houses have large area contact with external environment, so the issue of high-quality thermal insulation is much more pressing here. About 35% of the heat escapes into the surrounding air through an uninsulated ceiling if the roof and attic are not insulated with a thermal barrier. Wasting so much thermal energy is an unaffordable luxury, so we will consider the best options for thermal insulation of ceilings.

Insulation from the inside or from the attic - which is preferable?

Modern construction technologies provide for the installation of thermal insulation layers simultaneously with the construction of the building. In this case, the most convenient and effective schemes installation of insulation at the design stage, taking into account the type of floor, the total load on building structures, and the need for heat conservation in a given climate zone. This happens ideally if it is built new house in compliance with construction requirements and rules.

If a private building was erected a long time ago, or recently, but on its own, it is quite possible that the house may not have high-quality thermal insulation, including ceilings. In such a situation, homeowners have to independently solve the problem of insulation, choosing methods appropriate to needs in heat conservation, construction features in general and the type of floors in particular. The first question that arises on the way to solving the identified problem is the side of the ceilings, on which it is more convenient and expedient to install a thermal insulation barrier.

You can insulate the floors on each side, and in any case it will be correct. But when choosing a method of insulation, you need to take into account some nuances. The first of these is the height of the ceilings. If the ceilings are low, and there is no desire to further hide the useful space, insulation from the attic side definitely suggests itself, because a layer of insulation (at least 5-6 cm) plus finishing (2-3 cm) will make the ceilings even lower. Another situation is that the rooms have already been decorated, the interior has been decorated, and it suits the household quite well. Insulating the ceiling from the inside will lead to the need to make repairs again, which is impractical in all respects. Here, too, it is preferable to lay a heat-insulating barrier on top of the floors.

It only makes sense to insulate ceilings from the inside in a situation where the house is being major renovation. In this case, it is envisaged to implement one of the methods of internal thermal insulation of ceilings, which is carried out during repair and finishing works. Although in Lately Homeowners are increasingly choosing to insulate the ceiling from the attic side. This is much more convenient, less expensive and, moreover, easy. And this is a strong factor if you plan to construct a thermal insulation barrier yourself.

There is an option to insulate the floors on both sides. This is what those who want to turn their home into an impregnable fortress for the winter cold do. summer heat in order to then constantly save on energy bills.

Looking for a suitable material – polymers or fiber?

Now there is a sufficient choice that can be applied for our purposes. Along with the use of modern thermal insulation materials, traditional insulation materials are often used, which have been serving this purpose for centuries. These include wood shavings and sawdust, as well as materials based on them (sawdust concrete, a mixture of wood waste and clay). Some people cover the attic floor with a layer of dry leaves or paws coniferous trees. Our ancestors used such methods of insulating floors, but nothing prevents us from using such completely natural and often free materials in our time. Although modern technologies and materials are preferred by consumers, so let’s briefly consider their variety and main characteristics.

When classifying materials used for insulating ceilings, they can be divided into several groups:

• polymer heat insulators;
• fiber insulation;
• sprayed materials;
• bulk substances.

Polymers include the well-known polystyrene foam and the rapidly gaining popularity of extruded polystyrene, known to many under the commercial name “penoplex”. Polystyrene foam is used very widely for thermal insulation purposes in construction. The popularity of the material is ensured by two factors - very affordable cost and good thermal insulation properties. A high-quality material with a density of at least 35 kg/m 3 also has sufficient hydrophobicity so that there is no need to install water and vapor barriers when installing an insulating layer. Everything would be fine, but there are some problems, the main one of which is flammability, accompanied by extreme toxicity. The smoke released when this polymer burns can send anyone who inhales it 2-3 times to their forefathers. For this reason, in many developed countries This insulation is prohibited for thermal insulation work in residential buildings.

Penoplex does not have many of the disadvantages of polystyrene foam. It belongs to the class of materials that do not support combustion or are self-extinguishing, so its use in residential construction is not limited. In addition, polystyrene is completely insensitive to moisture and is not susceptible to bacterial and fungal microflora. The strength of penoplex is one of the highest when compared with other thermal insulators, so polystyrene is often used where strength characteristics play an important role (under screed, thermal insulation of building basements, basements). In terms of thermal insulation properties, polystyrene is approximately the same as polystyrene foam - to create a reliable thermal barrier, an insulation layer of 5-10 cm is sufficient (depending on the geography of the region).

Fibrous materials for thermal insulation work in construction include varieties of mineral wool. The material differs in the nature of the raw materials that are used to manufacture the material. All types of mineral wool are produced by melting minerals and forming fibers held together with organic adhesives. If the fibers are formed from molten glass, the end result is glass wool. Slag wool is made in the same way from blast furnace slag and other mineral waste from metallurgical production. Basalt wool, considered the most quality material from this category, is formed under thermal influence on certain types of rocks.

All fiber insulation materials are manufactured in varying densities. Highest specific gravity have mats that are used primarily for facade thermal insulation before plastering. Such a heat insulator is strong and rigid, therefore it forms hard surface for carrying out finishing work on it. Medium-density mineral wool is also produced in the form of mats, but the material is looser and does not have high strength. Mineral wool with the lowest specific gravity goes on sale rolled into rolls. To insulate the ceiling in a house, you can use medium- and low-density mineral wool, and the first will be more appropriate for thermal insulation from the side of the attic with a cold roof, the second - for installing a thermal barrier from the inside.

Sprayed and bulk options - there are plenty to choose from

The latest word in the technology of insulating building surfaces is sprayed heat insulators. These include polyurethane foam and ecowool. The first material is a polymer, the second is made from natural raw materials (cellulose). Both heat insulators are applied to the insulated surfaces by spraying, although in some cases ecowool is poured dry into the existing gaps, followed by compaction.

Polyurethane foam chemical nature, the method of application and the structure of the finished thermal insulation are very close to conventional polyurethane foam. To prepare a foam material that has excellent adhesive properties, two components are used, which are combined and then applied using special equipment. The advantage of sprayed insulation is that it is seamless, which prevents the formation of cold bridges. Polyurethane foam in a polymerized (hardened) state is not flammable and has 1.3 times better thermal insulation characteristics than polystyrene foam. The disadvantage of a heat insulator is its gradual destruction under the influence of ultraviolet radiation (it needs to be protected) and the impossibility of working with it with your own hands (the equipment is expensive and it is not advisable to purchase it for one-time use).

The most commonly used bulk heat insulator is expanded clay - porous granules of various fractions. The raw material for the production of expanded clay is ordinary clay, so this insulation is environmentally friendly and natural. This insulation does not burn, has moderate hygroscopicity and good thermal insulation properties. The ability to withstand heat loss depends on the size of the granules - the smaller the fraction, the higher the thermal conductivity.

To insulate the attic floor, it is advisable to use expanded clay of a fraction of 5-10 mm.

Thermal insulation of the ceiling from the living rooms

There are two ways to insulate floors from the inside. The first involves installing heat-insulating boards or mats directly on the floor surface using glue and additional fixation with special dowels. This method is best used if a reinforced concrete slab is used as the floor. The second technology involves installing lathing for subsequent cladding with sheets of plasterboard, plastic panels or clapboard. In this case, the insulation is placed between load-bearing elements frame. This method is feasible for any type of ceiling. Both methods give a good thermal insulation effect, although the thickness of the layer is often limited due to the desire to preserve maximum usable space.

To implement the technology of direct installation of insulation on slabs, extruded polystyrene is most often used, although mineral wool mats with a high specific gravity can also be used. Preference is given to polystyrene for several reasons:

• the material is lighter, more convenient to use during installation;
• the thermal conductivity of polystyrene of the same thickness is approximately one and a half times lower than that of high-density mineral wool;
• To form finishing layers on the surface of mineral wool, you need to have skills in such activities, while plastering on polystyrene is no more difficult than on plasterboard.

In general, the installation of these insulation differs little. The only difference is in the polymer-cement mixtures used for gluing the heat-insulating sheets. The sequence of actions for this method of insulation is as follows:

• treat the floor slab with a primer mixture;
• prepare polymer cement glue (according to the instructions on the package);
• Apply the adhesive mixture to the insulation sheet (along the perimeter and in the center), after which we press the polystyrene plate to the concrete surface and place it in a horizontal plane;
• After the glue has set (after about a day), we additionally fix the insulation sheets with “umbrellas” - special dowels with a wide round cap.

All that remains is to plaster the insulation using reinforcing mesh and apply the finishing layers. If the second method is used, which involves laying insulation in the spaces between slats or profiles, we use medium or low density mineral wool as a heat-insulating material. Thermal insulation is placed between the frame elements and is slightly fixed with bent strips of direct hangers, with which the profiles are attached to the ceiling, after which the sheathing is covered with sheathing.

Installing a thermal barrier along the attic floor - available methods

To install a thermal barrier on the attic side, all of the materials mentioned above are applicable. If you need to hire specialized teams for insulation with ecowool or polyurethane foam, forming thermal insulation layers with expanded clay, mineral wool or polymer sheet insulation will not be difficult for any home craftsman.

If the ceiling is made of reinforced concrete slab, it is more advisable to use expanded clay, filling it with a layer of up to 15 cm, or lay penoplex, filling the seams between sheets of polymer insulation polyurethane foam. It is better to use mineral wool, since its ability to transmit water vapor is similar to wood. Fiber insulation is laid in the spaces between load-bearing structures. wooden beams, after which a vapor barrier is installed from the appropriate film. Then counter-battens are sewn along the beams, which will be the basis for laying the attic floor boards.

If you have easy access to waste lumber, you can reduce the cost of the event as much as possible by filling the spaces between the beams with a mixture of small shavings and sawdust. This method of thermal insulation will be the most environmentally friendly and natural for floors made of wood materials.

During the cold season, any house loses heat due to leaks at the joints building structures, cracks in windows and doors, as well as due to thermal radiation from walls, floors and ceilings into the surrounding space. At the same time, ceilings and roofs account for 15 to 45% of all heat losses. Therefore, the ceiling must be insulated, eliminating heat loss due to the release of heated air and due to heat transfer. Most insulation methods do not require expensive equipment or special qualifications of workers. They are quite capable of doing the work of insulating a house with their own hands.

In addition to the most important task - heat preservation - thermal insulation work also solves one more - maintaining optimal humidity. For this purpose, in addition to insulation materials, vapor barrier and waterproofing membranes, preventing the accumulation of condensation on ceilings and walls. Semi-permeable membrane films allow water vapor to pass through them in one direction and do not allow moisture to pass through in the opposite direction.

General scheme of ceiling and roof insulation

Ceiling and roof insulation schemes

From the point of view of insulation, all roofs are divided into two types:

• Warm. Under the roofing material there are several layers: vapor barrier, ceiling insulation and waterproofing. They are held in place by battens - spatial structures attached to the rafters. The ceiling of attic rooms is insulated according to exactly this scheme.
• Cold. They have a layer of roofing material and load-bearing structure and a layer of vapor and waterproofing placed under them. The air gap in the attic is an additional barrier to heat loss. The ceiling located under the so-called cold roof must be insulated and waterproofed.

Features of ceiling insulation

The main feature of flat ceiling insulation is the inability to arrange condensate drainage, as is done for sloping roofs. Therefore, almost all insulation solutions are aimed at removing water vapor upward, ensuring its unhindered passage through all layers.

Cold overlap

How to properly insulate a ceiling in a cold attic? Air gaps are left above a cold or heat-conducting ceiling (for example, concrete). The first, auxiliary between the vapor barrier film and the insulation, comes into effect when large differences temperature and heavy condensation. It must be well ventilated. It is easier to make the main gap between the insulation and the waterproofing layer ventilated - just leave a small gap around the perimeter. It is preferable to insulate a cold ceiling both from above and from below. The insulation used for the ceiling located under a cold attic must be moisture resistant.

Warm ceiling

A floor made of materials with low thermal conductivity, such as wood, is called warm. Such floors, which themselves serve as a heat insulator, need only be insulated from above. Even if condensation forms due to extreme temperature changes, it will be absorbed into wooden structures, without changing their properties, and will subsequently evaporate. As a rule, this process is invisible to the inhabitants.

The vapor barrier is laid on the ceiling without a gap, then the insulation is laid. The air gap between the thermal insulation layer and the hydrobarrier membrane should also be left and will provide the possibility of its ventilation.

Insulation materials

There is no clear answer to the question of which insulation is better. The choice is determined by several factors, such as:

• thermal insulation properties;
• ceiling design features;
• price;
• qualification and equipment requirements
• availability of materials.

Materials for insulation are divided into basic and auxiliary. The auxiliary ones include barrier and membrane ones.

Barriers and membranes

Vapor barriers

Vapor barriers are needed to prevent water vapor from passing through them. For their production, polypropylene films with a thickness of over 55 microns are used.

Polyethylene is unsuitable as a vapor barrier - over time, due to temperature fluctuations, it cracks and begins to let vapor through. However, if you solder a layer of polyethylene and a layer of foil, you get a high-quality vapor barrier.

Folgoizols also provide a layer of fibrous nonwoven fabric padding polyester type. This layer collects moisture from the insulation and carries it away through capillaries. If it is present, there is no need to create an additional air gap above the cold ceiling.

Membranes

Multilayer reinforced membrane materials allow vapor to pass in one direction and retain moisture in the opposite direction. The reinforcing mesh layer ensures the strength of the film, does not allow it to sag and guarantees the constancy of the size of the main air gap.

Membranes with a reinforcing layer

Read also - do it yourself.

Membranes for installation under the roof have a metallized outside. It increases resistance to weather conditions - high humidity, wind loads and temperature changes.

Insulation materials

What is the best way to insulate a cold ceiling? The main thermal insulation materials used for insulating ceilings can be divided into the following categories:

• Solid. Such materials consist of foamed plastics, are little susceptible to moisture, and are easy to install.
• Fibrous. Mats or rolls are formed from compressed fibers. Inexpensive, have good thermal insulation. Sensitive to moisture, when wet they lose their thermal insulation properties.
• Bulk. Traditional bulk materials- , expanded clay, etc. The cheapest ones have the weakest thermal insulation. Ecowool stands out separately - an expensive, but extremely effective material.
• Sprayable. Modern coatings made of foamed plastics. They are sprayed locally and do not form joints or seams. Best thermal insulation, very expensive equipment.

How to insulate the ceiling, everyone decides for themselves, based on their needs and capabilities.

Mineral wool

Rolled mineral wool

The most popular type of fibrous materials. Produced from several types of raw materials:

• Basalt wool from volcanic rocks. High strength and density, short hard fibers. High moisture resistance.
• Glass wool from recycled glass. Low strength, light and elastic, long elastic fibers.
• Slag from blast furnace waste. Low thermal insulation properties, low cost. Not applicable for residential buildings.

To insulate with mineral wool, no special equipment is required; the installation process is simple and quite fast. It is produced both in rolls and in slabs with insulation thickness up to 150 mm.

Mineral wool is harmful to health; during installation you must use a respirator, protective gloves and goggles.

Attention! If fibers get on the mucous membranes, respiratory or digestive organs, you should immediately consult a doctor.

After installation during use, mineral wool is completely harmless to those living in the house.

An important feature of mineral wool that must be taken into account when designing and installing is the large number of joints and junctions. They need to be done so that the gap is minimal, the slabs are laid against the guides and opposite each other. Half-centimeter gaps between slabs can reduce the effectiveness of the coating by a third.

Correct and incorrect installation of insulation

The thermal insulating properties of mineral wool are reduced until they are lost when the material gets wet. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the removal of vapors and condensate.

Monolithic

The most suitable and popular material for thermal insulation of ceilings is polystyrene foam. It is produced in the form of 1200*600mm panels equipped with tongue and groove. This allows you to make high-quality joints during installation. In addition, cracks and gaps are sealed with polyurethane foam. The material is resistant to moisture and temperature fluctuations. Works great when insulating ceilings both outside and inside

Its disadvantage is low fire resistance. When burned, it releases substances harmful to health.

Insulation with polyurethane foam

Polystyrene foam, or polyurethane foam, is significantly cheaper than polystyrene foam, but has low strength and is prone to chipping. Suitable for insulating ceilings from the inside.

Sprayed and bulk materials

Sprayed materials are very effective, have no joints or seams, and almost do not burn. They can be effectively sprayed into hard to reach places and cavities, providing thermal insulation where other materials can only be placed with partial dismantling of building structures.

The main disadvantage is the extremely high cost of the equipment and the highly qualified operator. This hinders the widespread adoption of this promising method.

Ecowool

Very promising as bulk and sprayed insulation for roofs and ceilings. Occupies an intermediate position between sprayed and bulk materials. It is made from recycled paper and has the same thermal conductivity as mineral wool. Fibers with the addition of glue are fed to the surface or into the cavity under slight pressure and harden there. When wet, it partially loses its properties, but after drying they return.

Additives in ecowool make it low flammable, environmentally safe and unattractive to rodents and mold. The material does not cause allergies and does not contribute to the development of cancer.

Methods for laying ecowool

Applying ecowool does not require special qualifications, and installation is a little more complicated than a vacuum cleaner. One of the few drawbacks is the requirement for application temperature: not lower than +23 o C

Expanded clay and foam glass crumbs (foam crumbs)

When filling with expanded clay or foam crumbs, it is necessary to take into account that its thermal insulation properties are low compared to more modern materials. Therefore, a significantly thicker layer will be required.

Expanded clay - traditional bulk insulation

A few advantages of the material are its low cost, moisture resistance and non-flammability.

Expanded clay is used in budget solutions as an outer layer, while internal thermal insulation is performed with mineral wool

Scheme of two-layer insulation with expanded clay and mineral wool

Sawdust and shavings

These materials can be attractive due to their low cost; sawdust and shavings can be obtained completely free of charge at woodworking factories. Wood shavings have a high fire hazard; sawdust burns much worse.

Ceiling insulation

Let's consider the process of insulating the attic ceiling with mineral wool. The technology varies based on the specific designs and circuits chosen.

Outside

The simplest and quick way thermal insulation – inter-beam. If the ceiling is made of solid boards, the vapor barrier must be placed around the beams or the film folded over them. If the ceiling is made of thin lining or slats, a foil vapor barrier film is attached below the beams, along the ceiling.

Insulation methods wooden ceiling from the attic

A complete insulation scheme requires significantly more labor, materials and time, but it is also much more effective. An above-beam double layer of slabs is added to the inter-beam layer of rolls or mats. The layers must be laid overlapping.

How to insulate a cold ceiling from the inside

When choosing a method of thermal insulation of the ceiling from the inside, you need to understand that any of them will reduce the height of the room. Minimal height loss will occur in case of installation stretch ceiling or a suspended plasterboard ceiling. In this case, thermal insulation boards can be placed between the guide metal profiles.

Fastening basalt wool to disc dowels

If suspended ceiling is not planned, then the insulation slabs can be fastened in various ways:

• Still, make guides from wooden slats or metal profile.
• Secure the panels with special disc dowels. For one mat measuring 1200 * 600 mm you need at least 4-5 dowels
• Glue to the ceiling with mastic.

Glued to the bottom of the insulation reinforced mesh, and leveling primer and layers of paint are applied to it.

No attic

When insulating buildings without an attic, in addition to solving the problem of heat preservation itself, it is necessary to ensure the removal of excess moisture, both contained in the air in the form of vapor and condensing on cold surfaces.

Scheme for buildings without an attic

Under light ceiling a vapor barrier is laid, a layer of thermal insulation material is laid on it. It is necessary to provide two ventilated gaps - between thermal insulation and waterproofing and between waterproofing and roofing material. You need to install vents along the ridge or simply lift the ridge cap so that the air can escape freely.

Special cases

Let's look at a few special cases

In an apartment building

Apartments for top floors apartment buildings known as cold. Especially if the builders performed thermal insulation of the ceiling in violation of the technology. Any independent work in the attic of an apartment building are illegal, it is better to spend time complaining to the construction or operating organization and forcing them to fulfill their obligations to ensure normal temperatures. But the claim process is not a quick process, and the rooms are already cold today.

However, you can quickly and inexpensively insulate the ceiling from the inside and do it yourself. You will have to “please” your neighbors by drilling numerous holes in the ceiling for dowels, but the result is worth it.

Ceiling insulation in apartment building

Another drawback will be a reduction in the height of the rooms by 4-5 cm, and around the perimeter of the ceiling - up to 40 cm. But heat is more expensive.

A system of guides made of wooden slats or metal profile 4 cm high. Sheets of foam plastic 30 mm thick are laid between them and attached to the ceiling with disc-shaped dowels.

After this, a foil vapor barrier is attached along the lower edges of the guides. Slopes with a radius of 40-40 cm are made along the perimeter, ensuring a smooth connection between the planes of the lines of the false ceiling and walls. At the last stage, the sheets are attached moisture-resistant plasterboard. Curvilinear slopes are covered with foam chips, starting from the short sides of the room. Ecowool is also suitable for this.

Attic

A residential attic must be insulated. Insulation of a non-residential attic will not hurt either - this will be an additional barrier to the cold on the residential floors. How to reliably insulate the ceiling in a residential attic? The most common scheme is insulation with mineral wool or polyurethane foam slabs laid between the rafters. For vertical walls you will need to take special cotton wool with a low shrinkage coefficient.

Attic thermal insulation diagram

Special attention You will need to pay attention to vapor barrier. In an already built house, the space under the ridge is not always available. In this case, ecowool can help out - it can be blown through temporary technological holes, which are then sealed with polyurethane foam.

Garage and bathhouse

The roof of a garage is often supported by metal I-beams. When installing guides for insulation, drilling holes from bottom to top in a steel beam is inconvenient, so the method shown in the figure is used. Thermal insulation boards are laid in two overlapping layers. Instead of fibrous materials, you can try ecowool. In this case, you can do without foil insulation, and instead lay kraft paper on the false ceiling.

Installation diagrams for bathhouses and garages

For the bathhouse, a standard thermal insulation scheme is used. High humidity the premises require the use of basalt wool - insulating the ceiling of a building with glass wool is not recommended. Particular attention should be paid to the quality of ventilation of the gaps. Ecowool must be moistened with glue. If they insulate bath ceiling, working from the attic side, they often use bulk materials, such as sawdust and shavings.

Worker skills and tools

Popular insulation methods do not require expensive equipment or high qualifications. For insulation, a home craftsman will only need general construction skills and ordinary tools:

• hammer
• screwdriver
• hacksaw
• stepladders
• roulette

When installing the guides, it is best to call an assistant. Help with cutting and laying rolled materials would also be helpful.

Before starting work and purchasing materials, it is necessary to make a sketch drawing. This will help you avoid making mistakes with dimensions and correctly calculate the amount of materials purchased.

One of the problems in a private home is heat leakage through the ceiling. If in an apartment building from above warm apartment, then in our case above the head only cold attic, or even just a street. How to insulate the ceiling from the inside in a private house if, for some reason, it is not possible to do this from the attic?

Selection of materials

Let's start with the insulation structure. It will be multi-layered; we have to do it sequentially:

• External steam and waterproofing insulation;
• Lathing for filling with heat-insulating material;
• Actually thermal insulation;
• Internal vapor barrier;
• Finally, the ceiling must be hemmed with any finishing material.

Vapor barrier

Glassine is most often used as a vapor barrier - inexpensive material with quite acceptable consumer properties. However, if you need additional insurance against leaks - best choice there will be good old plastic wrap. It is absolutely impermeable to water and has a service life of at least fifty years.

Vapor barrier sheets are laid with overlap. If the ceiling is sloped (for example, in the attic), the film is laid in rows from bottom to top so that condensation cannot flow under the lower sheets. It is better to additionally seal the inner layer of vapor barrier with tape. This will ensure absolute tightness.

Why are all these measures needed? Worst enemy insulation with mineral and ecowool - condensation. Wet mineral wool greatly reduces thermal insulation qualities. And the humidity indoors in winter is always much higher than outside (see).

Please note: if we insulate from below reinforced concrete floor, upper layer no vapor barrier needed. Between the moisture-impervious concrete and the insulation, the water simply has nowhere to come from.

Thermal insulating material

Two materials are most often used as insulation::

1. Styrofoam. Aka polystyrene foam. The slabs in which it is sold are quite large; The recommended thickness for temperate climates is 5 centimeters, for Siberia and the Far East - 10.

The main advantage is that this insulation is non-hygroscopic, it does not dampen. If so, with any fluctuations in humidity, the quality of the ceiling’s thermal insulation will not change (see).

1. Mineral wool (glass wool, ecowool, basalt wool and other variations on the same theme). The material is noticeably cheaper than foam plastic with the same degree of thermal insulation provided.

In addition, it is considered more environmentally friendly: mineral fiber does not emit anything into the atmosphere, and heated debates about the possible harm to health continue regarding the properties of expanded polystyrene.

The debate about which material is better can also be endless. On any construction portal you can find convinced adherents of both insulation methods; Therefore, we will not impose a certain position on the reader.

Let's just say that polystyrene foam changes its properties over time to a lesser extent, not only in a humid environment: mineral wool cakes over time. Even if perfect vapor barrier is provided.

If you choose polystyrene foam boards as thermal insulation, the inner layer of vapor barrier is also useless. It is enough to simply glue the seams between the plates with wide tape (see).

Sometimes the foam is simply placed on glue. From below it is covered with a layer decorative plaster- and the ceiling is ready.

Lathing

Two types of lathing are used: wooden and galvanized profile.

The wooden one is a little cheaper and a little easier to install. But the galvanized profile does not deform with fluctuations in temperature and humidity, is not affected by fungus and does not serve as food for insects.

A nuance: if we are talking about insulating the ceiling from the inside wooden house- you can safely make the sheathing from a bar or slats. In fact, what is the point of making a suspended ceiling stronger and more durable than walls and ceilings? Of course, it is worth treating the material for the sheathing with an antiseptic.

Binder

Everything is in your hands here. The fastest way to hem the ceiling is with PVC wall panels. In addition, they are easy to clean.

However, drywall will give flat surface no seams; can be built and slatted ceiling, and hanging tile... The choice of material is solely a matter of personal preference and the budget allocated for repairs.

Basic Operations

As an example, let's consider insulating the ceiling from the inside in a private house for the case when there are beams overhead with a plank ceiling attached to them. The climate is temperate; We will be insulated with mineral wool 50 mm thick.

1. Armed with a stapler, we attach it to the ceiling plastic film. It will completely stop the flow of moisture to the boards from the room and extend the life of our ceiling. An overlap of ten centimeters is required.
2. We stuff the sheathing. We will hem the ceiling with PVC panels; a thin mounting rail is sufficient for them. But let's not forget about the thickness of the thermal insulation and take a 50x50 block.

We will stuff it across the future panels in increments of 60 centimeters: in this case, the panels will not sag, and the mineral wool will not have to be cut to width. Most rolls are of this size.

1. We fill the gaps between the bars with mineral wool. It is better to wear textile gloves and protect your eyes and nose: cotton wool fibers are volatile.

1. Armed with a stapler again, we hem the sheathing from below with a second layer of polyethylene. Additionally, we glue the connections of the sheets with adhesive tape: the greater the tightness we provide, the longer the insulation will retain its properties.
2. Finally, final stage: we hem the wall panels from below. We won’t focus on how this is done: installation methods have already been described hundreds of times.

Hemming panels to wooden sheathing is a fairly simple task.

Conclusion

Our goal has been achieved: the room is insulated from the inside. You don't have to be afraid of winter. Back side What happened was that we lost about six centimeters of ceiling height. Unfortunately, the sacrifice was inevitable... Good luck with the repair!

Heating modern buildings carried out by gas or electrical equipment. The same applies to buildings with periodic residence (dacha, garden house, country cottage). Insulating the ceiling in a house with a cold roof allows you to reduce heat loss and create an optimal indoor microclimate.

Selection of materials for thermal insulation of a cold roof

The construction market offers a wide selection of materials for thermal insulation. However, not every insulation is designed for installation in an attic space with a cold roof. In order to ensure the profitability of the planned insulation, you should choose the right heat insulator. First of all, such materials are selected with resistance to moisture, low thermal conductivity and compliance with SNiP.

Often, materials such as:

This insulation belongs to the fill-type heat insulators obtained by firing clay shale. Advantages: light weight, porous structure, high thermal insulation and resistance to water.

The material is sold in the form of a fibrous type of insulation created using mineral based. The standard form of release is mats, slabs, rolls. It is this material that is recognized as best option for ceiling insulation. However, the price tag for a heat insulator starts from 950 rubles. per roll. Advantages - excellent heat retention, sound insulation. The only negative is the heavy weight, so when choosing this material, you should take into account the load on the rafter system.

It is made from expanded polystyrene foam, but in the final version no more than 2-3% of this substance remains in the composition. Thus, more than 95% of the foam is air cells. Due to this, light weight and excellent thermal insulation are achieved. Additional advantages include resistance to moisture and preservation of properties upon contact with water. Installation of polystyrene foam boards is easy, i.e. you can do it yourself. To do this, the slabs are cut to the required width, laid on the attic floor between the joists and fixed.

Construction workers pay attention to the importance of insulating the floor located in the attic space under a cold roof. Also important is the installation of vapor and waterproofing.

Specifics of a roof with a cold “pie”

The structure of the attic floor pie has classic scheme, consisting of layer-by-layer installation of materials in the following order:

• waterproofing film;
• thermal insulating layer;
• roofing materials.

This type of construction is relevant for households where the space under the attic is non-residential, respectively, in winter period not heated. The essence of a cold roof is rafter system, on top of which PVC film for waterproofing and roofing materials are laid.

The feasibility of this type of roof is due to its light weight, low construction costs and easy installation than during construction warm type roofs. In view of this, cold roofing is a practical and a budget option construction country house or dachas.

If there are no heating radiators in the attic, the air will act as a buffer to reduce heat loss. According to the principle of convection, in which warm air rises, it will be subject to cooling at the bottom. The result of this process is internal heating of the slopes, eliminating the formation of ice.

To preserve heat, as well as to reduce financial costs for heating, work is being done to lay ceiling insulation for a cold attic.

Thermal insulators are usually chosen from two types - fibrous or backfill. Installation of such materials is simple, quick and efficient. Since hot air always flows upward, an insulated attic will not cool it, thus creating an almost identical temperature throughout the house.

Technological process of laying insulation

Work on insulating a house from the second floor with a cold roof is carried out with expanded clay or mineral wool. Only in some cases (dacha, garden house) do they use inexpensive polystyrene foam.

Installation of expanded clay insulator

To thermally insulate the ceiling from the cold attic side with expanded clay, PVC film is laid on the ceilings for vapor barrier. It is fixed with a construction stapler.

PVC film is laid with an overlap of 15-20 cm on the wall and adjacent areas of waterproofing. To prevent gaps, areas are fixed with tape.

The next step is to pour expanded clay on top of the vapor barrier material. The thickness of the insulation varies from 15 to 30 cm. When planning the arrangement finishing screed, expanded clay insulator needs to fill the entire space between the joists.

The final stage is the arrangement of a screed from a sand-cement mixture. The thickness of the consistency should be from 50 mm. The advantage of this method of insulation is fire and injury safety during further operation, as well as environmental friendliness.

Procedure for laying mineral wool from the cold attic side

When using mineral wool, you should first install a vapor barrier and waterproofing. In this insulation option, you cannot skimp on the quality of materials, because... If mineral wool is not properly protected, water may get on it, as a result of which it will lose more than 60% of its qualities.

Installation of mineral wool is carried out between the joists on the attic floor. Subsequently, the heat insulator is closed finishing. If the floors are made of concrete, then the first step is to level the surface. Then the floor is covered with film and the slabs are installed. Finish coating made with plywood or wooden board. Next, the screed of the slabs is arranged.

To insulate an attic in a wooden house, the cells between the beams should be filled with insulating material. Then the film is laid overlapping with an overlap of up to 250 mm on the wall. The joints are reinforced with construction tape.

Conclusion

The types of insulation and installation methods discussed in the article are common. However, the list of heat insulators for cold roofs is much wider. You can also find in construction hypermarkets special materials for high quality country houses.

When choosing a material for attic insulation, experts recommend paying attention to the nuances of the construction. You should also remember that in a wooden house you should not use sealed insulation, such as Penofol or Penoplex, because they are designed for use in concrete houses.

Currently, almost all residential buildings are heated using gas or electric heat-generating equipment. Even country houses and garden houses, which are used only in summer. Most buildings that are not used year-round are equipped with inexpensive cold-type roofs, through which the main heat losses occur while maintaining a comfortable temperature regime. In this article we will tell you how to properly insulate a ceiling under a cold roof so that the house is always warm.

The design of the roof depends on the nature of the use of the house and the space under the roof. The choice of shape, roofing material, and design depends on these factors. rafter frame and the presence or absence of a thermal insulation layer . In private housing construction, 2 types of roofs are used:

Important! If the attic space is not heated, then the air in it serves as a kind of buffer zone, which serves as thermal insulation and reduces heat loss. The air rising from the heated rooms of the first floor, according to the law of convection, gradually cools and does not heat the surface of the slopes from the inside, due to which ice does not form on them.

To retain heat, as well as reduce fuel consumption to maintain an optimal temperature, the ceiling located under a cold roof is insulated using loose or fibrous thermal insulation materials. Since heated air always rises, this operation is effective measure reducing heat loss.

Thermal insulation methods

High-quality thermal insulation reduces heat loss and home heating costs by 30%, which is on a large scale family budget is a good saving. Using suitable insulation and right choice The installation method creates a comfortable microclimate in the room.

The issue of thermal insulation of the ceiling cold roof it is better to decide at the stage of building a house, then you can choose the most effective and convenient option. Most often, insulation is installed in 2 ways:

Note! Any thermal insulation works comprehensively. Therefore, if you want to solve problems with heat loss in a house with a cold roof, do not forget about thermal insulation of the floor, doors and window openings. A clear way to analyze where the heat goes is to look at the house with a thermal imager in winter. To improve the energy efficiency of your home, you need to pay attention to the areas painted red and yellow, as it is through them that heat escapes.

Materials

Modern construction market offers an impressive range of thermal insulation materials, but not all of them are suitable for insulating the ceiling under a cold roof. In order for the costs to be justified, it is necessary that the thermal insulating layer is resistant to moisture, has low thermal conductivity and meets safety standards for human health.

The following materials are used for insulation:

Experienced craftsmen remind us that vapor barrier and waterproofing layers play an important role in insulating the floor located under a cold roof. To protect the insulation from getting wet as a result of interaction with heated air saturated with water vapor, a vapor barrier membrane is first laid. And on the roof side it is protected from leaks using a waterproofing film.

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