Tagetes

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Tagetes or Marigold(Tagetes) is a genus of annual and perennial plants from the family Asteraceae, or Asteraceae. The name comes from the grandson of the god Jupiter - Tages ( Tags), famous for his beauty and ability to predict the future. The natural range is America, where they grow wild from New Mexico and Arizona to Argentina.

More than 50 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants are known. The stems are erect, strong, forming compact or spreading bushes from 20 to 120 cm in height, with a pungent, peculiar odor.

The leaves are pinnately dissected or pinnately divided, rarely entire, serrated, light to dark green, arranged oppositely or in alternate order. Inflorescences are baskets, very bright, yellow, orange, reddish-brown, brown or variegated, solitary or collected in complex inflorescences. The marginal flowers are ligulate, with wide, horizontally spaced corollas; the middle ones are tubular, bisexual. They bloom profusely from June until frost. The fruit is an achene. Seeds remain viable for 3-4 years. They give abundant self-seeding.

In decorative floriculture, numerous hybrid varieties of the following species are usually used. One of the main varietal characteristics of marigolds is the structure of the inflorescences. There are carnation flowers and chrysanthemums; terry, semi-double and simple.

Tagetes rejected, or French marigolds (Tagetes patula L.)

Annual plant. Stems are erect, 15-50 cm tall, strongly branched from the base, lateral shoots are deflected. The leaves are small, pinnately dissected, with linear-lanceolate lobes, dark green, arranged in alternate or opposite order. Inflorescences are baskets 4-6 cm in diameter, solitary or in corymbose inflorescences, cup-shaped, varied in shape, on long peduncles. The involucre is single-row, consisting of 5-7 fused leaflets, pointed at the apex. Reed flowers are yellow, orange, lemon, brownish-brown or dark red, velvety, often bicolor, with different ratios of these shades; tubular - yellow or orange. In culture since the beginning of the 16th century.

For practical purposes, numerous varieties of this species are divided into groups: tall - up to 60 cm or more in height, simple inflorescences; medium - up to 50 cm in height, double inflorescences; low - 25-40 cm tall with simple or double inflorescences; very low (“liliputian”) - 15-20 cm tall, with simple or double inflorescences. The most common varieties:

"Carmen" ("Carmen") —

The bushes are spreading, 20-30 cm tall, highly branched. The shoots are strong, green, with a reddish-brown bloom, ribbed. Leaves are medium sized, green. Terry inflorescences, 4-7 cm in diameter. Reed flowers are arranged in 1-2 rows, reddish-brown, velvety. The tubular flowers are golden yellow. Early variety. Blooms from early June until frost. Good for cutting.

"Bonanza Bolero" ("Bonanza Bolero") —

The bushes are spreading, 25-40 cm tall, densely leafy. The shoots are strong, green, with a reddish coating. The leaves are medium sized, dark green. The inflorescences are double, 4-7 cm in diameter, yellow with reddish-brown spots, velvety. Early variety. Blooms from early June until frost. Good for cutting. Recommended for flower beds, ridges, potting and decorating balconies.

"Queen Sofia" ("Queen Sophia") —

The inflorescences are not very bright, two-colored: red with a bronze-orange border, slightly fade in the sun, acquiring a brown tint, 7 cm in diameter.

"Legion of Honor" ("Legion of Honor") —

The bushes are compact, 20-30 cm tall, almost spherical, highly branched, densely leafy. The shoots are strong, thick, with dark red ribs. The leaves are medium sized, dark green. The inflorescences are simple, 3-6 cm in diameter, yellow with brown spots at the base. Early variety. Blooms from early June until frost. Recommended for flower beds, ridges, decorating balconies and vases.

"Orangeflamme" ("Orangeflamme") —

Bushes up to 20-30 cm tall, compact, densely leafy. The shoots are strong, green with reddish stripes. The leaves are dark green with small narrow-lanceolate lobes. The inflorescences are chrysanthemum-shaped, double, 3.5-4.5 cm in diameter, consisting of broad-funneled bright orange tubular flowers with red strokes and one row of reed-like, bent downwards red-brown, velvety flowers with yellow spot at the base and with a yellow border. Early variety. Blooms from early June until frost.

Tagetes erectus, or African marigolds (Tagetes erecta L.)

The plant is an annual, compact or spreading bush with a clearly defined main shoot. The stems are highly branched, 80-120 cm tall, bare, erect, finely ribbed, woody at the base, side shoots are directed upward, forming bushes of reverse pyramidal shape. The leaves are pinnately divided with lanceolate, acute lobes, serrated along the edges, from light to dark green, arranged in alternate order. Inflorescences are large baskets 6-13 cm in diameter, single, simple, semi-double or double, on long peduncles. Blooms from late June - early July. The color of the inflorescences is monochromatic, light yellow, yellow, bright yellow, orange or bicolor.

Varieties are distinguished by height: giant - above 90 cm; tall - 60-90 cm; medium - 45-60 cm; low - up to 45 cm in height.

"Antigua" ("Antigua") —

only 20 cm tall, but at the same time it forms many inflorescences with a diameter of up to 10 cm of bright yellow or orange color.

"Gold Dollar" ("Gold Dollar") —

The bushes are compact, 90-120 cm tall. The shoots are strong, ribbed, thick, light green. The leaves are large, dark green. The inflorescences are wild-flowered, almost spherical, densely double, 7-8 cm in diameter, red-orange, odorless. The variety is early, blooms from early June until frost. Recommended for tall groups and cutting.

"Sweet Cream" ("Sweet Cream") —

The bushes are compact, 60-75 cm tall. The shoots are strong, ribbed, light green with a reddish coating. The leaves are large, dark green. Inflorescences are carnation-colored, hemispherical, double, 8-10 cm in diameter, cream or white. Blooms from late June until frost.

Tagetes thin-leaved, or Mexican marigolds (Tagetes tenuifolia Cm.)

The plants are annual, low, compact, 20-40 cm tall, densely branched, with straight, bare, strong or fragile light green shoots. The leaves are small, twice pinnately dissected, with narrow, sparsely toothed lobes, light green, with punctate glands, arranged in an alternate order. Inflorescences are small baskets, 1.5-3 cm in diameter, simple, on short peduncles, collected in turn into corymbose inflorescences. The color of the inflorescences is yellow, yellow-orange, red. The involucre is single-row, consisting of five fused leaflets, sharp at the top. It blooms very profusely. In culture since 1795. Over 70 complex hybrid varieties are known. Used for borders, flower beds, ridges, arrays, vases.

Marigolds are unpretentious, fast-growing, light- and heat-loving, drought-resistant plants. Optimal temperature for the growth of young plants 18-20 °C. At temperatures below 10 °C, the leaves acquire an anthocyanin coating and growth stops. At -1...-2 °C plants die.

Location: do not need intense sunlight, although they achieve maximum decorative value in sunny places. This is especially true for thin-leaved marigolds. They do not tolerate spring and autumn frosts well.

The soil: require nutritious, well-moistened soils in the first half of summer.

Care: considered drought-resistant, but at the beginning of growth they need watering, otherwise the plants will be puny and the inflorescences will be small. Marigolds, especially erect ones, have a negative attitude towards excess moisture in the soil. In rainy weather, their large inflorescences begin to rot. And if the soil is oversaturated with water, the plants begin to die from fungal diseases of the roots. Spring fertilization results in strong growth and delayed flowering.

Diseases and pests: Inflorescences often rot during prolonged rains. In dry, hot conditions, marigolds are affected spider mite. To rid plants of it, you must first increase the air humidity by spraying the seedlings with water several times a day. For complete destruction, spray 2-3 times with infusions of onions, hot red peppers, and yarrow.

Reproduction: seeds. IN open ground marigolds can be sown in late May - early June. Shoots appear 5-10 days after sowing. It is advisable to cover the soil with non-woven material (acrylic, lutrasil). In this case, you can sow a week or a week and a half earlier than usual and thereby speed up flowering.

When growing seedlings, erect marigolds are sown earlier than others, in mid-March. Rejected and thin-leaved marigolds are sown in early April. If these deadlines are met, flowering of all three species will begin in June. It is not difficult to grow marigold seedlings indoors in a bright window, or even better in film greenhouses, where the plants will be the strongest. In order for the seedlings to turn out healthy, you need loose, nutritious soil (1 part humus + 1 part peat + 1 part turf soil + 0.5 parts sand), an even temperature of 18-22 ° C and moderate watering. Rejected marigolds are less demanding on soil and temperature. Although marigold seedlings are considered unpretentious, it is better to use fresh soil for sowing, especially for angustifolia marigolds, which are more susceptible to blackleg than other species.

Seedlings can be grown in a box, bowl or pot. At the bottom you need to pour drainage (crushed stone, expanded clay, coarse sand) in a layer of 3 cm or make holes. Otherwise, the plants may die from fungal diseases. First, 2/3 of the soil is poured onto the drainage, and this layer is compacted by hand or with a tamper. The next layer should be loose so that the germinating roots have sufficient quantity air. The soil should not reach 1-2 cm to the edge of the container. The prepared soil is spilled well and left for one or two days in a warm place so that it can “breathe.”

Marigold seeds are large, therefore they can be carefully placed in grooves at a distance of 1-1.5 cm. The distance between the grooves themselves is 1.5-2 cm. Thickened seedlings suffer more from lack of light and stretch out. They may even get blackleg.

The easiest way to obtain optimal density is by sowing sprouted seeds. To germinate, they need to be laid out on a damp cloth on a saucer and placed in plastic bag, put in a warm place. After 2-3 days, the seeds will sprout. The spread out seeds are covered with a 0.5-1 cm layer of soil. Weakly covered seeds may die from drying out. If the seeds are planted too deeply in the soil, they may not sprout at all, especially in angustifolia marigolds. After sowing upper layer The soil is carefully watered, then covered with paper. Place the containers in a warm place (22-25 °C) and carefully monitor the soil moisture. After 3-7 days, seedlings will appear and the containers should be moved to a bright place at a lower temperature (18-20°C).

If the seedlings are still thickened, they need to be pruned. The seedlings are carefully removed from well-watered soil and planted in a hole, deepened to the cotyledons. This will encourage the formation of new roots. Good seedlings by the time of planting, it has 2-3 pairs of leaves and a powerful root system. Seedlings are planted in the ground in late May - early June. Plants are planted in the soil 1-2 cm deeper than they grew before. The distance between plants depends on the type and variety. Tall hybrids and varieties of erect marigolds are planted according to a pattern of 40 x 40 cm, medium varieties and hybrids F1 30 x 30 cm and low varieties and hybrids of all types 20 x 20 cm. Transplantation is easily tolerated at any age, even in a flowering state.

Usage: secretions from the roots of marigolds reduce damage to other plants by fungal diseases and especially fusarium, and protect against certain types of nematodes. Marigolds upright can be grown as cut flowers. They last in water for about three weeks. Marigolds are used in all types of flower beds. They are not suitable only for a pond and a shady garden. Marigolds also tolerate harsh conditions in small soil volumes. That’s why they grow well in pots on windows; they decorate rooms, just like primroses or cineraria. Marigolds can be planted in a pot or box in the fall before frost. There are cases that they survive in the winter, and in the spring they form a large flowering bush(this only applies to rejected marigolds).

Marigolds (lat. Tagetes)- flowers that differ in many types and varieties, among them there are both annual and perennial varieties. Marigolds, or marigolds, belong to the class Dicotyledonous, superorder Asteranae, order Asteraceae, family Asteraceae, subfamily Asteraceae, tribe Marigold, genus Marigold.

International scientific name: Tagetes ( Linnaeus).

Although this amazing flower was brought to Europe back in the 16th century, it received its scientific name only in the middle of the 17th century, when the naturalist Carl Linnaeus created a classification of species. The scientist, struck by the beauty of the plant, named it in honor of the beautiful Etruscan demigod Tages, who is the grandson of the supreme god Jupiter.

The flowers received the Russian name “marigolds” because of their petals, the surface of which resembles velvet. This feature is most pronounced in dark-colored varieties.

The British call this plant “marigold”, which means “Mary’s gold”, residents of Germany know it as “Studentenblume” - student’s flower, and in Ukraine these beautiful flowers have the name “Chornobrivtsi”, or Chernobrivtsy. For the people of China, these flowers are a symbol of health and longevity; it is not for nothing that they are called “flowers of a thousand years.”

The flowering period of marigolds begins in June and lasts until the onset of frost. After its completion, a strongly flattened fetus black-brown or black in color. Each seed pod contains many seeds that remain viable for 3-4 years. In 1 gram there are usually from 270 to 700 seeds.

Types and varieties of marigolds, photos and names

According to the database www.theplantlist.org, there are currently 53 species of annual or perennial marigolds, of which only 3 species (erect, deflected and slender-leaved) are the best known. Based on them, breeders have developed a huge number of series and varieties. Below is a description of several varieties of marigolds.

Marigold erecta (African) ( Tagetes erecta)

This species includes annual plants with a fibrous root system. The compact or spreading bushes formed by these marigolds have a height of 0.4 to 1.2 meters and an inverse pyramidal shape. The main shoot is clearly defined, the side shoots look upward. The color of unpaired pinnately dissected leaves with denticles along the edges varies from light green to dark green, and they are located on the stem in a regular order. Large single-color, less often bicolor, inflorescences of marigolds of this species can be simple, semi-double or double. The diameter of the inflorescences varies from 5 to 13 centimeters. The flowering period begins in late June or early July and ends with the first frost. Erect marigolds are suitable for flower beds, ridges, vases, balconies, and cutting. The birthplace of erect marigolds is Southern Mexico.

Series and varieties of erect marigolds: Albatross, Alaska, Antigua, Velvet Season, White Moon, Snow White, Glitter, Vanilla, Hawaii, Gelber Stein, Glitters, Golden Fluffy, Hussars, Discovery, Dune, Uncle Styopa, Yellow Stone, Golden Dollar, Golden light, Golden Prince, Golden Age, Golden Domes, Inca, Kilimanjaro, Cosmonaut, Crash, Crackerjack, Cupid, Lady, Lemon Queen, Lemon Pie, Lemon Prize, Lemon Miracle, Maximix, Marvel, Mary Helen, Beach Season, Prima Gold, Spoon, Solar giants, Taishan, Titan, Trulli, Smile, Fantasy, Firecracker, Popsicle, Amber lace.

Antigua variety. Taken from the site: www.hishtil.com

Marigolds rejected ( Tagetes patula)

Synonyms: French marigolds or small-flowered marigolds. This species is formed perennials with numerous erect and highly branched stems, the height of which ranges from 15 to 60 centimeters. Side shoots rejected. Pinnately dissected dark green leaves of small size with serrated edges are formed from several lobes of a linear-lanceolate shape. On the stems, the leaves are arranged in both alternate and opposite order. Single and also collected in corymbose inflorescences, the baskets of these marigolds grow up to 4-6 centimeters in diameter. The shape of the inflorescences can be simple, semi-double or double. In addition to marigolds with a single color, many bicolor varieties have been bred. The most intense flowering is observed during July and August. They begin to bloom in early June. The rejected marigolds are native to the mountains of Mexico.

Series and varieties of rejected marigolds: Alumia, Bonanza, Brocade Yellow, Gabi, Harmony, Hero, Gullebrand, Jolly Jester, Disco, Durango, Carmen, Red Cherry, Cross, Boy, Bolero, Capricious (Naughty) Marietta, Little Hero, Mandarin, Mercedes, Monetta, orange flame, Guy, Pascal, Petite Harmony, Petite Gold, Prosperity, Rusty Red, Safari, Striptease, Tiger Eyes, Fireball, Chica, Naughty Marietta.

Variety Tiger Eyes. Taken from the website: www.impecta.se

Variety Capricious Marietta. Taken from: www.southernexposure.com

Marigold angustifolia (thin-leaved, Mexican) ( Tagetes tenuifolia)

From these annual plants, low, densely branched, compact marigold bushes are formed, the height of which can be from 20 to 50 cm. Straight bare shoots are light green in color. Light green small leaves of a pinnately dissected shape, which are arranged in an alternate order on the shoots, formed by narrow lobes with sparse denticles. Abundantly flowering corymbose inflorescences are collected from simple five-petal baskets, the diameter of which ranges from 15 to 30 mm. The color of the inflorescences is one-color or two-color. Thanks to the highly branched stems, the entire plant has the appearance of an almost perfect ball. This type of marigold begins to bloom in early June and ends flowering with the first frost, when the temperature drops to 1-2°C. Narrow-leaved marigolds are used for flower beds, borders, borders, vases and arrays. The homeland of narrow-leaved marigolds is the mountains of Mexico.

Series and varieties of thin-leaved marigolds: Gnome, Golden Jam, Golden Ring, Golden Gem, Star Shine, Star Shine, Karina, Red Gem, Lulu, Mimimix, Fire Stars, Ornament, Paprika, Starshine, Starfire, Ursula.

Variety Ornament. Taken from the site: agbina.ru

Variety Lemon Jewel

Marigold radiata (bright, clear) ( Tagetes lucida)

Other names for this species: Mexican tarragon, Spanish tarragon, sweet marigold. This is a perennial erect plant with bushes ranging from 40 to 80 centimeters in height. Narrow green leaves about 7.5 centimeters long resemble the shape of natural tarragon leaves. Plain golden marigold flowers of simple shape do not exceed 1.5 centimeters in diameter. Radiant marigolds bloom from early June to late September. The leaves of this plant are collected and used fresh or dried as a tarragon substitute, and the dried flowers are used to make an excellent food coloring.

Taken from the site: www.chickenfish.cc

Nelson's marigolds ( Tagetes nelsonii)

Decorative, quite powerful plant, 90-120 cm high, with shoots reddish tint and dark green leaves. The species grows in Texas and is found in Mexico. Marigolds have very pleasant aroma citrus fruits with a light fruity-musky note. The flowers of this marigold species are often used as a savory addition to fish and meat delicacies or as a flavorful accent in baked goods.

Taken from: herbgarden.co.za

Lemmon's marigolds ( Тagetes lemmonii)

The second name is lemon marigold. IN wildlife These perennial marigolds, discovered in the late 19th century, grow in mountainous regions of the United States (in the canyons of southern Arizona) and northern Mexico. Marigold bushes reach a height of 120 cm, the leaves of the plant have a length of 5 to 15 cm, the diameter of the numerous yellow flowers is approximately 5 cm. The plant exudes an aroma reminiscent of the amber of citrus and mint with a subtle note of camphor. Sometimes the smell of this plant is compared to the smell of tangerines. Marigolds attract many butterflies, which constantly circle over the flowers.

Tagetes filifolia

A plant with a bush height of 8 to 50 cm. In the wild, this species grows in the steppes, on rock slopes, in pine and oak forests, and feels at ease in corn fields, growing there as a weed. Found throughout a vast area from Mexico to Costa Rica. The bush has a pronounced anise aroma, the plant is quite unpretentious to soil quality and easily tolerates drought.

Taken from website: enseleits.de

Marigolds are small ( Tagetes minuta)

A type of marigold, with a bush height from 50 to 180-200 cm. The length of the very fragrant dark green leaves varies from 5 to 20 cm, the diameter of rather small flowers does not exceed 15-25 mm. The leaves have deeply dissected edges and are located opposite on the stem. Small marigolds grow in the USA and Mexico, Brazil, southern European countries (France, Spain, Italy, Romania), southern Africa, China and Japan, India and Libya, Thailand and Turkey, Australia and New Zealand.

Taken from the site: www.terranuova.it

Classification of marigolds by bush height

In floriculture, a classification is used in which the division is based on the height of the plant, the shape of the inflorescences and their color.

According to the height of the bush they are distinguished:

• Giant marigolds (90-120 cm);
• Tall (tall) marigolds (60-90 cm);
• Medium-sized marigolds (45-60 cm);
• Low-growing (low) marigolds (25-45 cm);
• Dwarf marigolds (up to 20 cm).

Giant marigolds, varieties, photos and names

These include plants that reach a height of 90 cm to 120 cm. Most often, giant marigolds are found among upright plants. The most famous varieties of giant marigolds:

• "Gold Dollar"– early annual hybrid variety without the characteristic aroma of marigolds. The variety belongs to the upright marigolds. The bushes are dense, the shoots are strong and thick, 0.9-1.2 m high, with rather large light green leaves. From the first ten days of June until the appearance of frost, they are decorated with terry baskets of medium-sized inflorescences, with a diameter of 7 to 8 cm. The inflorescences, reminiscent of a carnation in their shape, consist of red and orange-red petals.

• "Lemon Queen" (Lemon Queen) – beautiful lemon marigolds with fairly tall (up to 120 cm) bushes. The inflorescences are light yellow or golden in color, up to 9-10 cm in diameter. Blooms profusely in July-August.

Taken from the site: ntes21.ru

• "Orange"— marigold bushes of this variety reach 1 meter in height. Large (up to 15-17 cm in diameter) orange terry-type inflorescences delight the eye from June until the first frost, ideal for cutting - they stand in water for 2 weeks.

Taken from the website: www.kerneliv.dk

Tall (tall) marigolds, varieties, photos and names

The height of the bushes ranges from 60 cm to 90 cm.

• "Yellow Stone" (Gelber Stein)– an annual variety, forms bushes about 70-80 cm high. The plant has beautiful, densely double inflorescences of a rich yellow color. The diameter of marigolds is up to 15 cm. The plant begins to bloom in early June.

• Frills– bushes of this late variety of marigold grow up to 80 cm in height and up to 8 cm in diameter. In the last ten days of July or at the very beginning of August, large, double, clove-shaped inflorescences-baskets appear on them, which consist of reed petals in rich shades of orange and golden color. Flowering from late July until the first frost.
• "Lemon Prince" (Zitronen prinz)– an erect plant forms tall (65-80 cm), standard-shaped and rather dense bushes. A pinkish bloom is visible on the dark green shoots of this variety. The double clove-shaped inflorescences of marigolds are quite large - 8-10 cm in diameter. When they open completely, they look like lemon-yellow balls. Marigolds of this variety bloom from June-July to September.

Taken from the site: www.rastenya.com

• "Hawaii"– erect annual plants are compact bushes growing up to 90 cm in height. From mid-summer (July) to mid-autumn, large double clove-shaped inflorescences in the form of hemispheres open on strong light green peduncles orange color with a diameter of 10 to 12 cm.

Medium-sized marigolds, varieties, photos and names

The height of plants included in this group ranges from 45 to 60 cm.

• Among the white erect marigolds of medium height, perhaps one of the most beautiful is the variety "Kilimanjaro" This annual hybrid plant forms weakly branched bushes from 40 to 50-60 cm in height, with a clearly defined main shoot. The attractiveness of the variety is explained by large, densely double inflorescences 7-10 cm in diameter, resembling balls in shape with an unusual vanilla-white color. Abundant flowering begins in June and lasts until frost.

Taken from the site: www.ruscemena.ru

• Thin-leaved marigolds of this group are represented by numerous varieties, among which the most notable "Golden Ring" or "Golden Ring". Despite the thin, densely branched shoots with narrowly dissected leaves, the spherical bushes of these marigolds are quite compact and reach a height of 40-50 cm. Small simple inflorescences do not exceed 25-30 mm in diameter. They are composed of small orange tubular petals in the center of the inflorescence and bright yellow, bent downward, reed petals. Flowering lasts from the first days of June and ends with the onset of the first frost.

Low-growing marigolds, varieties, photos and names

They are represented by varieties whose height ranges from 0.25 to 0.45 m.

• This large group includes the Bonanza series, obtained as a result of selection from rejected marigolds. Annual miniature bushes of this series have a height of no more than 30 cm. Double inflorescences up to 6 cm in diameter can be painted in any color, from rich yellow to red-orange. Variety "Bonanza Deep Orange" (Bonanza Deep Orange) is one of the most beloved among flower growers. This beautiful variety early flowering, with compact bushes, the height of which ranges from 0.25 to 0.3 m, and the width does not exceed 20 cm. Double inflorescences with a diameter of 5 to 6 cm are painted in a deep orange color.

• The Discovery series of varieties is bred from erect marigolds. Although small bushes do not exceed a height of 20-25 cm. The inflorescences that cover them abundantly are quite large in size and have a bright, rich color. Many gardeners and flower growers grow marigolds on their plots Discovery Yellow or "Discovery Orange" (Discovery Orange) . These are annual plants with compact bushes.

Shoots with numerous pinnately dissected, bluish-green leaves are dotted with large and dense densely double inflorescences of bright yellow or orange color. The diameter of the inflorescences is 8 cm. Flowering of marigolds begins in the first days of June and lasts until the onset of frost.

Taken from: www.benary.com

Dwarf marigolds, varieties, photos and names

This group consists of plants whose height does not exceed 20 cm. It includes a variety of varieties of deviated, thin-leaved and erect marigolds.

• Among the representatives of rejected marigolds, the most interesting is the “Boy” series, which consists of annual varieties with compact branched bushes from 15 to 20 cm high and about 20 cm wide. The pinnately dissected marigold leaves growing on the side shoots are dark colored -green color. The diameter of the yellow, orange or bicolor double inflorescences that abundantly cover the bushes ranges from 4 to 6 cm. The most interesting of this series is the marigold variety "Harmony" It is distinguished by its magnificent inflorescences, consisting of central golden-yellow flowers, which are surrounded by brownish-brown reed flowers with a thin golden edge.

• Among the thin-leaved marigolds of the dwarf group, the annual one is most widespread. series "Mimimix" (Mimimix). Varieties of this series form dense, compact, spherical bushes with a height of only about 20-25 cm. The leaves are narrow, pinnately dissected, and dark green in color.

The inflorescences are simple, about 20 mm in diameter, colored in various shades and tones of yellow, red or orange. Marigolds begin to bloom in July and finish blooming in the last ten days of September.

• Among dwarf upright marigolds, the variety is very popular "Lunacy Orange"Orange). Its compact bushes reach a height of 15-20 cm.

The diameter of the bush reaches 20-25 cm. Distinctive feature These marigolds are dense chrysanthemum-shaped inflorescences of bright orange color.

Taken from: www.hpsseed.com

Types of marigolds by inflorescence shape, photos and names

According to the shape of the inflorescences and the number of reed flowers, marigolds are:

• Simple,
• Semi-double,
• Terry,
  • Anemoneaceae,
  • Dianthus,
  • Chrysanthemum-shaped.

Below is a more detailed description of them.

Simple marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Simple inflorescences consist of large quantity central tubular flowers and one row of ligulate flowers.

• "Lemon Jam" or "Lemon Jam" (Lemon Jam)

an annual low-growing variety, bred as a result of selection of thin-leaved marigolds and reaching a height of 0.25 m. Small simple inflorescences 3-4 centimeters in size are painted gold or yellow, and their middle consists of small bright orange tubular flowers.

• A representative of a simple group of thin-leaved marigolds is the variety "Paprika" (Paprika). It is distinguished by dwarf (no more than 20-25 cm), highly branched bushes of a spherical shape. The pinnately dissected leaves growing on thin shoots are light green.

These are very beautiful marigolds, period abundant flowering which starts in June and ends at the end of September. Simple flat baskets with a bright yellow center are painted fiery red, and their diameter does not exceed 20-30 mm.

Taken from the site: www.hageniboks.no

Semi-double marigolds, varieties, photos and names

To form semi-double marigolds, at least 2-3 rows of reed flowers are required. This group includes:

• The full representative of the rejected marigolds of the semi-double group is variety "Gold Ball" or "Golden Ball" Its spreading bushes with strong, highly branched shoots and small green leaves can reach a height of 50-60 cm. The inflorescences are simple and semi-double, their diameter is 4-5 cm.

The tubular petals of marigolds, which are located in one or two rows in the center of the inflorescence, are painted bright yellow with a golden tint. The reed petals located at the edges are reddish-brown. This early variety marigolds: their flowering begins in the first ten days of June.

• "Red Brocade" (RedBrokade)

an annual low-growing variety from the Brokade series, bred from rejected marigolds. A strongly branched but compact bush grows only up to 25 cm in height. A semi-double inflorescence of medium size (about 4-5 cm in diameter) consists of slightly corrugated reed flowers, which are colored yellowish and red-brown.

Terry marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Terry marigolds are educated a large number flowers, both reed and tubular.

• An example of such an inflorescence structure is variety "Eskimo" (Popsicle), which is a hybrid. This is a low-growing plant with a bush height of up to 40 cm. Its inflorescences, reminiscent of balls in shape and the color of vanilla-white ice cream, reach a diameter of 6-10 cm and delight with their beauty, starting from the first ten days of July until the frosts.

• "Aztec Lime Green"

Very unusual marigolds of light green color. Densely double inflorescences have a diameter of 10-12 cm. The height of the plant is 45 cm. The variety is resistant to heat.

Taken from: www.parkswholesaleplants.com

• "Fantastic" (Fantastic)

Tall varieties of marigolds, growing up to 0.7 m and delighting gardeners with their flowering from the beginning of summer until the first frost. Large inflorescences with a diameter of 8 to 11 cm are composed of narrow tubular flowers. The color of densely double baskets can be golden (Fantastic Gold), yellow (Fantastic Yellow) or orange (Fantastic Orange).

Taken from: gardeners.s3.amazonaws.com

• "Strawberry Blonde"

Annual variety. A low-growing plant with bushes up to 25 cm high, 15-20 cm wide and medium-sized inflorescences resembling a carnation in shape. Throughout the flowering period, baskets can change their color, ranging from bright yellow to terracotta tones. In addition, the intensity of color changes is affected by air temperature. At low temperature variations occur slowly, but with high contrast between colors. Increasing the temperature speeds up the process, but the color contrast is significantly reduced.

Taken from: www.gardenclinic.com.au

Anemone-shaped marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Anemone-like marigolds consist of large tubular flowers located in the center, and reed flowers framing them, arranged in 1, 2 or even 3 rows.

• Marigold varieties belong to this type of inflorescence structure series "Durango" (Durango) (Durango) , created from rejected marigolds. These are low annual plants with a bush height of 20-30 cm and inflorescences measuring about 55-60 mm. The series includes varieties of marigolds with golden yellow, red-brown and bright orange colors. The variety that attracts the greatest interest among gardeners is Durango Mix, which attracts attention with its unusual inflorescences, painted in a variety of colors, from yellow and burgundy to variegated.

Carnation-shaped (clove-shaped) marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Dianthus marigolds consist mainly of ligulate flowers, the petals of which are dissected along the outer edge.

• A typical example of such an inflorescence structure is Marigolds "Carmen". This annual plant, forming bushes no more than 0.3 m high, which are abundantly covered with foliage. The petals of the reed flowers are slightly ruffled and red-brown in color, while the tubular central flowers are yellow-orange in color. The size of the marigold inflorescence reaches 50 mm. The flowering period lasts from early summer to early autumn.

Taken from the site: dachanaladoni.ru

• "Black Velvet" (BlackVelvet)

annual marigolds, bred from small-flowered marigolds. This is a low-growing plant up to 30 cm high with a compact bush on which small inflorescences up to 6 cm in diameter bloom profusely, painted in a dark cherry color and framed by a thin orange border. Inflorescences are double, carnation-shaped. The flowering of marigolds lasts from the beginning of summer and ends with the onset of frost.

Chrysanthemum-shaped marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Chrysanthemum-shaped marigolds are formed almost entirely by tubular flowers. Prominent representatives of this group are annual variety series bred from erect marigolds:

• "Taishan"

Low-growing flowers about 0.25-0.3 m high. From late spring to early autumn, marigold bushes are covered with rather large inflorescences consisting of wide tubular flowers. The size of the baskets reaches 70-80 mm in diameter. This series includes varieties with golden (Gold), orange (Orange) and yellow (Yellow) baskets.

Taken from the site: 1semena.ru

• "VanillaF1" (Vanilla F1)

An annual low-growing hybrid with a compact bush, the height of which does not exceed 40 cm, and the width of the bush is approximately 25 cm. Large inflorescences about 7 cm in size, resembling a ball in shape, are painted in a delicate creamy white color. Flowering begins in the last ten days of May and ends with cold weather.

Where do marigolds grow?

Today, marigolds are cultivated in almost all countries of Europe, Asia, Africa and South America. In the wild, marigolds grow in Spain and Portugal, France and Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Poland and Belarus, and throughout Russia. These flowers are also found in India, Pakistan, China, but the most large range growth is noted in Peru, Chile, Venezuela, Paraguay and other countries of South America, as well as in Mexico. These flowers are quite unpretentious to external conditions, so they can easily tolerate periodic lack of watering, poor soil, and even the area being clogged with weeds.

Medicinal properties of marigolds

In addition to their beautiful appearance, which gives aesthetic pleasure, as well as the pleasant aroma inherent in these flowers, marigolds are widely used for cosmetic, medicinal and culinary purposes.

Throughout the growing season, the plant accumulates essential oil in all its parts, containing several unique components. In terms of the content of some biologically active substances, marigolds are ahead of many medicinal herbs and plants. They contain:

• ocytomene,
• apinene,
• sabinen,
• carotene,
• lutein,
• myrcene,
• citral,
• pigments,
• alkaloids and flavonoids.

Amber-yellow marigold oil has a pleasant aroma, mixed with notes of oriental spices and fruits. Marigold oil has the following medicinal properties:

• antimicrobial,
• antifungal,
• antispasmodic,
• antiseptic,
• sedatives.

Marigold petals contain potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, selenium, copper, gold and zinc, as well as vitamins C, A, E, folic acid and rutin.

Spanish Brocade variety. Taken from: www.southernexposure.com

How to make marigold oil?

To prepare healing oil from marigolds, you should chop them quite finely. green material from stems, leaves and flowers, and then pour it with olive oil in a ratio of 1:10. After keeping the mixture in a dark place for 10 days, it is placed on water bath, after which the resulting extract is drained and filtered. The drug should be stored in a cool place, after pouring it into dark glass bottles. Marigold oil is a potent remedy and should be used with caution. It helps lower blood pressure, promotes wound healing and gets rid of skin infections.

Marigold infusion and method of preparation

Due to the antiseptic properties of this plant, inhalations with its infusions are used to treat viral and bacterial diseases of the respiratory system. This procedure can be carried out either using special devices or the old-fashioned way over a kettle. For infusion, 5 buds are enough, which are filled with boiling water (no more than 300 ml).

Marigold decoction and method of preparation

Pain from arthrosis or other joint pathologies can be reduced by taking marigold decoctions. This aqueous extract is prepared in large volumes and has a lower concentration. A decoction is prepared from dried or fresh inflorescences. It is enough to take about 20-30 of them and leave for an hour. It is advisable to ask your doctor about the frequency and volume of the drug taken.

Taken from: www.mintandperilla.com

The use of marigolds in cosmetology

The aromatic and medicinal properties of marigolds have long been used in cosmetology. Extracts of these flowers are included in the composition of perfumes and nourishing creams of all French perfumers. In addition, many representatives of the fair sex make masks based on decoctions of these flowers or nourishing balms from a mixture of olive and almond oil, infused for two weeks on one tablespoon of crushed inflorescences.

Marigolds in cooking

Dried and crushed marigold flowers are used as a seasoning known as Imeretian saffron. They give food not only a special spicy taste, but also a beautiful golden color. Marigold leaves and flowers are included in some salads and are also used for preserving vegetables. The marinade, to which a couple of inflorescences were added, gives the cucumbers special elasticity and makes them crispy. Marigold inflorescence is the raw material from which food dyes are produced, which have a rich yellow or yellow-orange color.

Harm of marigolds and contraindications

It should be remembered that people who have allergic reactions The use of preparations, ointments, balms and seasonings from marigolds is contraindicated for women during pregnancy.

Taken from: maya-ethnobotanicals.com

Marigolds: cultivation and care

Thanks to natural beauty marigolds, and also due to their long flowering period, they are used for decorative design city ​​parks, garden plots and local areas. The planting location depends on the size of the bush. Thus, giant, tall or medium-sized varieties of marigolds are used to decorate the center of flower beds or the background part of a flower garden, and colorful flower borders are formed from low-growing plants. Marigolds are suitable for growing in floor vases, large pots, balcony boxes and even flowerpots, and cut flowers can stand in a regular vase for quite a long time.

The soil

In Russia, flower growers are mainly engaged in breeding thin-leaved, erect and rejected marigolds. Despite the fact that these plants are quite unpretentious and can grow on almost any soil, the most intense flowering is achieved on fertile, neutral, loamy soils that are sufficiently fertilized and moistened. To enrich the soil with the necessary minerals and microelements, any of the complete mineral fertilizers are added to it, but not manure. When creating conditions for a complete supply of oxygen to the root system, good drainage is provided at the planting site, for which compost can be used.

Temperature and lighting

Marigold flowers are heat-loving plants, so they need to be planted in sunny areas, although light shade will not harm them. The best temperature needed for optimal growing season and full flowering is considered to be in the range from +20°C to +23°C. In cooler temperature conditions, the sprouts slow down and the leaves turn pale green. The first frost usually leads to the death of plants. In excessively shaded areas, shoot growth accelerates and flowering is inhibited.

Humidity

Prolonged heavy rains can have a detrimental effect on the condition of marigolds, causing rotting of the inflorescences and fungal diseases root system, but these plants tolerate drought quite easily, since they come from sunny and arid regions of South America and Mexico.

Taken from: cubicfootgardening.com

Methods for planting marigolds

In floriculture, 2 methods of propagating marigolds are used:

• sowing seeds directly into the soil,
• seedling method.

Flowers planted by direct sowing into the ground begin to bloom only in mid-summer, but planting prepared seedlings makes it possible to admire the beauty of the plants already in early June.

When to plant marigolds?

The timing of planting marigolds in open ground depends on the air temperature. Sowing seeds or planting seedlings should be done only after the night temperature does not fall below +5°C. In southern regions with a mild and warm climate, planting can begin in mid-April, and in areas with a temperate climate it is better to postpone this process until the second ten days of May.

Germinating marigold seeds

To ensure that the seedlings are friendly and strong, the planting material is germinated. This preparation method is equally used both for sowing seeds directly in open ground and for growing marigold seedlings.

Germinating seeds is not particularly difficult. To do this, you need to wrap marigold seeds of the selected variety in a moistened cotton cloth. Then the bundle should be placed in a shallow flat saucer and placed in a transparent plastic bag. Now all that remains is to place the container with the soaked planting material in a warm and bright place and wait two to three days. When the seeds hatch, you can begin planting.

Antigua marigold F1. Taken from the site: agbina.ru

Planting marigolds with seeds in open ground

In the area prepared for sowing marigolds, using a hoe, you need to make shallow (no more than 2 centimeters) grooves, into which sprouted marigold seeds should be placed at intervals of about 15-20 millimeters. Then you need to cover them with a layer of soil at least one centimeter thick. With a thicker layer, it will be difficult for the sprouts to break through and they may die, and if there is insufficient powder, they will simply dry out. Watering should be done carefully and moderately, avoiding both excessive waterlogging and leaching of seeds from the soil. The first shoots can be observed after 7-8 days. You can cover the planting site with agrofibre or any other non-woven material (acrylic or lutrasil). When 2 or 3 true leaves appear on the sprouts, you can thin out and plant the plants in accordance with the variety, height and width of the bush.

To enjoy flowering already in last days May or in the first ten days of June, sowing marigolds for seedlings should be carried out throughout March and the first half of April. For those who want to grow several different types, you need to take into account that in March the seeds of upright marigolds should be sown, and small-leaved and rejected ones - in the first two weeks of April. In this case, flowering will occur simultaneously in early June.

Growing healthy and strong seedlings of these flowers is not at all difficult, but some nuances must be observed. The best substrate for germinating marigolds can be considered a mixture of humus, peat, turf soil and half the norm of pure coarse soil taken in equal amounts. river sand. To destroy pests and weed seeds that may be in the soil mixture, it is necessary to disinfect it. To do this, you can use any fungicide or a dark pink solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate).

To prevent stagnation of water in the substrate, a drainage layer at least 3 centimeters thick is poured onto the bottom of the planting box or container. For this you can use fine crushed stone, gravel, expanded clay or even coarse sand. Two-thirds of the required volume of soil mixture is poured onto the drainage, which is compacted using a tamper. The rest of the substrate must be in a loose state so that root system seedlings were adequately supplied with oxygen.

The planting box or container should not be filled to the top: there should be 10-20 millimeters left from the top of the container to the surface of the soil free space. Now you need to spill the prepared substrate with water and let the container or box stand in a warm room for a couple of days so that the soil mixture reaches the desired structure. For removing excess moisture The soil mixture container, at the bottom of which several small holes are made, must be equipped with a special tray.

Before planting marigold seedlings, the surface of the substrate should be slightly loosened and shallow grooves should be made at intervals of about two centimeters. Hatched seeds should be placed in these grooves every 10-15 millimeters, and then they should be covered with a layer of substrate no more than 10 mm thick. After this, the entire planting surface is very carefully watered, and the container is covered with a transparent material (a plastic bag, a lid from a food container, glass, etc.) and taken to a warm room with a temperature from +22°C to +25°C.

It is necessary to ensure that the soil does not dry out and periodically carry out watering. When the first sprouts of marigolds appear, the container with the seedlings is transferred to a brighter and cooler room, in which the temperature fluctuates between 15-18°C. At the same time, they begin to “accustom” the seedlings to fresh air, for which purpose they conduct daily ventilation. In addition, this will greatly reduce the risk of some diseases, characteristic of seedlings. If there is the slightest suspicion that any seedling is infected with blackleg, it must be removed along with a lump of substrate. After this, you should fill the resulting hole with fresh soil mixture, and then treat the entire soil along with the sprouts with a fungicide solution.

When friendly shoots of marigolds appear, the shelter is completely removed. During this period, watering is carried out only after the soil in the seedling container has dried out. Also, you should not allow water to accumulate in the pan, so some time after watering, excess liquid should be drained from it. In order for the seedlings to grow strong and healthy, it is recommended to feed them with special fertilizers for seedlings twice a month.

If all the planted marigold seeds germinate, the sprouts will be quite cramped in the container or box. In this case you will need picking. This operation is carried out some time after watering. In a separate container with the same substrate as for growing seedlings, holes are prepared into which the sprouts, removed from the container with a spoon, are transplanted. Planting is carried out by deepening the plants almost to the cotyledons, which will lead to more intense and abundant root formation. The appearance of 2 or 3 true leaves can be considered a signal that marigold seedlings are ready for planting in open ground.

Planting marigold seedlings in open ground

Seedlings are planted in open ground in the middle or end of May in previously prepared soil. To do this, the area chosen for planting is dug up to a depth of no more than 25 centimeters and complex fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are added to it. After this, the soil is dug up again and watered. The amount of mineral fertilizers applied should not exceed 30 g/m2.

After waiting some time for the water to be absorbed into the soil, prepare the holes in which the seedlings will be planted. The distance between the holes and adjacent rows of marigolds depends on their type and variety. For giant and tall plants this figure is 40 centimeters, medium-sized flowers should be planted every 30 centimeters, and low-growing and dwarf marigolds should be planted every 20 centimeters.

The depth of the holes for seedlings should be such that the root collar of the plant is 10-20 millimeters deep into the soil. After the root system is carefully placed in the hole, you need to carefully fill the void around the roots and lightly compact the soil. Next, you should water the seedlings well, avoiding excessive waterlogging. It is noteworthy that, unlike many plants, marigolds are not afraid of water getting on their leaves.

Caring for marigolds

Further care for these flowers is quite simple.

• For bushes to bloom profusely, you need remove weeds and periodically loosen the soil not only between plants, but also between rows.
• Despite the fact that marigolds are unpretentious, application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers will have a beneficial effect on appearance bushes, making flowering more lush. One or two root dressings for the entire season, done when the first buds appear and after the start of abundant flowering, will be enough. Apply nitrogen fertilizers It is not worth it, as this will lead to the growth of shoots and inhibition of the development of inflorescences.
• In addition, for the plant to look lush and neat, it is necessary to periodically remove inflorescences that have already bloomed, and carry out formative pruning of marigolds.

In the fall, after the onset of frost, marigolds die. Plants need to be removed from the ground, finely chopped and embedded in the ground during autumn digging.

This measure will allow for the prevention of fungal infections of the soil.

Taken from: nhg.typepad.com

Marigold diseases, photos and names

Like all plants, marigolds can also get sick.

• For example, if the summer is cool and rainy, or if the bushes are planted too close together, dark brown spots often appear on the leaves of the plants and on their stems. This disease is called "gray rot" and leads to the death of not only the infected bush, but can also cause the spread of fungal infection to other plants. To avoid this, you need to immediately dig up all marigold bushes affected by gray rot and destroy them.
• Excessive moisture can also lead to slugs and snails. You can get rid of them by hand picking or jars of bleach, which need to be placed between the rows. The pungent odor emanating from them repels pests.
• In hot, dry summers, especially when watering is carried out irregularly and in insufficient quantities, plants are susceptible to invasion spider mite. You can get rid of this dangerous pest by spraying the bushes with infusions of special plants, since marigolds do not tolerate chemicals well. To prepare infusions, you can use onions, yarrow or red hot pepper. If spider mite infection has not yet occurred, you can spray the bushes with plain water two to three times a day as a preventative measure.

It is noteworthy that the phytoncides contained in the roots, stems and leaves of marigolds prevent the development of most fungal diseases not only in the flowers themselves, but also serve as excellent protection for those plants that grow next to them. Therefore, many experienced gardeners create original flower borders around plantings of tomatoes, potatoes or berry bushes.

Taken from: www.netpsplantfinder.com

• Erect marigold flowers have the ability to draw out heavy metals accumulated in the soil, which allows them to be used for land disinfection work.
• The first written mention of marigolds appeared in late XVI century in the fundamental research of the Spanish missionary, historian and linguist Bernardino de Sahagún.
• In India, marigolds are considered sacred flowers, so they are strewn with them at the base of statues of the god Krishna.
• The aroma emanating from the leaves is more persistent and pungent than the aroma emitted by the inflorescences.
• In the language of flowers, which in the era of Queen Victoria was used to express feelings hidden, marigolds meant fearlessness, courage, unparalleled courage and were a symbol of the royal lion.
• Residents of Mexico still use the leaves of the plant as a diaphoretic or diuretic, as well as to treat fever. For food poisoning, marigolds are used to induce vomiting and clear the stomach.
• The aroma emanating from marigolds attracts bees, wasps, beetles and other pollinating insects, therefore, by planting such flowers near cucumbers or other crops, you can achieve a significant increase in yield.
• During the era of the birth and spread of Christianity, the inhabitants of the British Isles surrounded images Holy Virgin Mary with wreaths woven from marigolds. The flowers symbolized gold coins.
• According to Orthodox writings, when Mary and Joseph were forced to flee to Egypt, a gang of robbers followed them. When the pursuers overtook the fugitives, they took their wallet. But how surprised the bandits were when, upon opening it, they found not silver or gold, but marigold inflorescences.
• The indigenous Indians of South America in their tales and legends associate the flowers of the plant with the divine luminary of the sun.
• Marigolds are grown not only for decorative purposes. There are species that are cultivated for use in the food industry and the production of alcoholic beverages.

Annuals and perennials herbaceous plants The Astrov family came to Europe from South America. Marigolds or Tagetes (lat. Tagetes) are common plants; in nature there are more than 30 species. Sturdy stems form compact or branched bushes. Flowering is long lasting and ends with the first frost. In September, the fruit ripens - a flattened achene. There are 250-750 seeds in 1 g, which will sprout in 3-4 years. Rejected marigolds are the most common type. It ranks first in popularity among gardeners.

Tagetes rejected: description of the species

Rejected marigolds (Tagetes Patula) or French marigolds are cultivated throughout the world. The annual plant, growing up to 15-60 cm, is used in ornamental gardening, cooking, cosmetics industry, and medicine. The plant has erect branched stems. Marigolds are rejected, what does this mean? The flower owes its name to the rejected side shoots. The leaves are green, pinnately dissected. The edges of the plate are serrated. There is a regular and opposite arrangement.

On Tagetes bushes, basket inflorescences with a diameter of 4-6 cm appear in large numbers. Flowers are formed from tubular and reed petals. Depending on their number, inflorescences are divided into three types:

• simple - consist only of reed petals;
• semi-double – both types of petals are present in equal quantities;
• terry - tubular petals predominate.

Reed flowers are orange, red, lemon, white, red-brown or bicolor. The range of tubular ones is limited to yellow and orange. Marigolds are distinguished by a long flowering period, which covers all summer months and the beginning of autumn until the first frost. The photo shows that, as they grow, the bushes of rejected marigolds form a colorful border along the path.

Popular varieties of rejected marigolds

Many varieties of French marigolds have been developed. All diversity can be divided into three main groups:

• tall – 50-60 cm;
• medium height up to 50 cm;
• short - 25-30 cm;
• dwarf – 15-20 cm.

The most common varieties include:

• "Eye of the Tiger" - compact decorative variety with a tart aroma. Densely double inflorescences consist of orange tubular flowers and burgundy reed petals of the lower row. Used for all types of flower beds and garden boxes.

  

• “Queen Sofia” is an annual up to 30-40 cm high, the inflorescences are semi-double, two-colored. The main color of the petals is red, with a golden-orange border along the edge. In the sun, the color fades and changes to bronze. The flowers are large, 6-7 cm in diameter. The stem is thick, highly branched, the leaves are bright green.

  

• “Golden Head” or “Gold Kopchen” is a low-growing crop 20-25 cm, with a reddish coating visible on strong green shoots. The inflorescences are chrysanthemum-shaped, tubular flowers of golden yellow color. Dark red reed petals are located below in one row. They are slightly wavy, bent down. The variety is early, blooms in early June.
• “Carmen” - rejected double marigolds, bush height up to 30 cm. The shoots are spreading, green, ribbed. The leaves are pinnately dissected, green, with a jagged edge. The diameter of the inflorescences is up to 6 cm. The reed flowers are reddish-brown, arranged in two rows. The center is made up of tubular yellow petals. Grown in containers, flowerpots, and flower beds.

  

• "Bonanza Bolero" is an annual plant with a height of 30 cm and a flower diameter of up to 7 cm. The unpretentious plant forms a compact bush. It has a peculiar spicy odor containing phytoncides. The inflorescences are large, double, with spectacular coloring – red strokes on a gold base. A universal variety suitable for flower beds, garden beds, and growing on a terrace or balcony.

  

• “Playful Marietta” - thanks to its unusual bright color, the variety has won the love of gardeners. The height of the plant is 40 cm, the flowers are flat, not double, consisting only of reed petals. The color is two-tone - a yellow base and a red spot in the middle of the petal. Blooms profusely from July to September.

  

Comparison of erect and deviated marigolds

Each type of tagetes has its own characteristics, what is the difference between erect and deviated marigolds? Both species are popular among gardeners due to their beauty and unpretentiousness. One of the main differences is the structure of the stem. In upright plants it does not divide and becomes lignified at the base. One large flower grows on the stem. Representatives of the species are giants among their family. Their height reaches 120 cm, and the diameter of the flowers is 15 cm. Rejected tagetes cannot boast of such parameters, but is ahead in terms of variety of colors. Upright varieties are mostly single-colored; two-colored specimens are extremely rare.

The inflorescences of rejected varieties can be of any type, among them it is easy for amateurs to choose a plant simple flowers, reminiscent of chamomile. There are hybrids that are not inferior in splendor to chrysanthemums. In erect marigolds, all the inflorescences are double. Ball-shaped flowers on tall stems look great as a cut flower. From two types of tagetes you can create a stunning multi-tiered flower bed.

Caring for French Marigolds

Rejected marigolds are hardy plants that require minimal care. In order for the bushes to have dense foliage and lush, long-lasting flowering, they will need watering, fertilizing and weeding.

Landing place

Plants need loose fertile soil with a neutral pH level. The addition of peat and sand can improve its structure. Adding mineral fertilizers enriches the soil with essential microelements. The planting location depends on the height of the bush. French Tagetes includes middle and low-growing varieties. It is planted in the center of flower beds, along borders, in garden boxes, and large pots.

Marigolds come from warm, sunny countries, so they do not tolerate cold and love good lighting. The best place for them - a sunny area, although in a little shade they develop well. When there is insufficient light, flowering is delayed and the inflorescences become smaller in diameter.

Advice. If you feed Tagetes before flowering mineral fertilizer, then the inflorescences will be larger and brightly colored.

Watering

Young seedlings need regular watering; a sufficient amount of moisture is needed to gain green mass and lay large buds. From July, watering is reduced; plants tolerate drought better than excessive moisture.

Attention. In the absence of drainage, heavy rains and stagnant water can cause fungal diseases of the root system.

Growing rejected tagetes

Planting rejected marigolds is done in two ways:

• sowing in open ground;
• growing seedlings with subsequent transplantation.

Both methods allow you to decorate your area bright colors, but in the first case you will have to wait until mid-summer for their appearance.

Attention. The optimal temperature for young seedlings is 20-22°. At 10° the development of flowers stops, negative temperatures destroy tagetes.

Planting in open ground

Rejected marigolds of double varieties can be planted in open ground no earlier than May. By this time, frosts dangerous for the sprouts have passed. The seeds are evenly laid out in grooves up to 5 cm deep and watered abundantly. Shoots will appear in 7-10 days.

Information. For the first planting, material is purchased in a specialized store. Then you can collect seeds from your flowers.

Propagation of flowers by seeds

They begin growing Tagetes seedlings in March or April. French marigolds bloom early, 40 days after sprouting. The substrate for seedlings consists of several components:

• peat;
• humus;
• sand;
• turf.

The result is loose and light soil in which seeds quickly germinate. The container must have holes to drain excess water. A drainage layer of fine crushed stone or expanded clay must be poured onto the bottom of the container. To disinfect the soil, it is spilled with a solution of fungicide or potassium permanganate. Several grooves up to 1.5 cm deep are made at a distance of 2 cm from each other. The seed material is distributed along the groove and covered with soil. Watering is done carefully so as not to wash away the crops. The top of the container is covered with film.

Advice. It is not necessary to make furrows under the Tegetes seeds; it is enough to spread them on the surface and sprinkle them with soil.

The optimal temperature for germination is 22-25°. In such conditions, seedlings appear in 3-4 days. After 14 days, the seedlings dive. At the beginning of June they are planted in a permanent place. Depending on the height of the plants, a distance of 15-25 cm is left between seedlings. Watering is required. Periodically loosen the soil and weed out weeds. Prolong flowering and support decorative look Timely removal of wilted inflorescences will help.

Application

Due to the beauty and long-lasting flowering of rejected marigolds, they are often chosen for decorative purposes in parks, gardens, terraces and balconies. The unusual smell of flowers helps protect vegetables in the garden from a large number of pests. The roots of the plant secrete Chemical substance, repels nematodes. The leaves and inflorescences contain essential oil that has antiseptic and antimicrobial effects.

Marigolds are native to Mexico, so they tolerate heat well and do not need much watering. Varieties of marigolds with simple flowers actually do not get sick due to waterlogging (even at open balcony in rainy weather), but cannot withstand even mild frosts.

Marigolds are usually bushes up to 25 cm high. With the exception of dwarf forms, they are more suitable for balcony containers than for keeping in a room. The flowers are yellow or orange and may have red or maroon speckles. Depending on the variety, the flowers are simple or double.

Varieties: with simple flowers - Cinna bar; with bright yellow flowers - Pascal, Susie Wong; Ruffle Red; with terry ones - Golden Ball, Orange Beauty, Queen Sophie, Gold, Baby.

In addition to the popular T. patula, two more types of marigolds are usually grown: T. signata - with small flowers, dwarf; T. erata, African marigolds, are tall with large double flowers.

Illumination: maximum possible; the plant should be in the shade for no more than 2-3 hours, provided that the rest of the day it will be brightly lit.

Temperature: Marigolds do not tolerate frost.

Watering: seedlings should grow in moist soil. Over-watering is harmful to adult plants, so the soil should dry out completely between waterings.

Air humidity: keep the plant in dry air. Do not spray double flowers, otherwise they may rot.

The soil: fertile clay mixture.

Feeding: Feed the marigolds monthly with liquid fertilizers diluted 2 times weaker than the manufacturer recommends. You can use fertilizer in stick form.

Reproduction: Marigold seeds are large and germinate easily. Sow them in a container in early spring, covering them with a layer of soil. Keep the crops at 16 °C. Seeds germinate in approximately 3 days. Approximately 10 days after sowing, plant the seedlings in boxes or individually in separate pots. Provide plants with good light and air flow fresh air. Plant in balcony containers when the danger of frost has passed.

Appearance care: remove faded blossoms to encourage new flowers to grow faster.

Features of caring for marigolds

Marigolds do not tolerate hypothermia, so they must be protected from the cold, especially young plants before frost. In glazed unheated loggias, close and insulate the frames. If marigolds grow on an open balcony, cover the plants cardboard boxes or pieces of foam.