Timber is used quite often in the construction of private houses. This is due to its environmental friendliness and versatility. This material is also quite easy to use and install. The technology of building houses is simple and does not require much time. To understand how to assemble a log house yourself, you should familiarize yourself with the process in more detail.

general information

The timber is made from whole tree trunks. They are cut on 4 sides, resulting in rectangular building elements.

There are several types of timber:

• glued - consists of lamellas connected together;
• profiled timber - has grooves, due to which it reliably adheres to adjacent structural elements;
• regular - has a rectangular or square shape.

Advice! Raw timber is cheaper than other types of material.

Particular attention should be paid to profiled timber. It is usually equipped with special grooves on both sides. Thanks to this solution, docking various elements happens easily and quickly. At the same time, cracks and distortions do not form in the timber.

It is also worth mentioning the features of laminated veneer lumber. This material is made from different elements, which are glued to each other using a special compound. Such timber does not dry out over time. Also, there are no cracks in it.

Design

To install a log frame with your own hands, you will need good preparation. In any case, construction begins with a project. It should reflect the dimensions of the building, the materials used, as well as a drawing of the building with detailed description. This will allow you to build just such a house from timber that will meet all the customer’s requests. In addition, with the help of design, you can quite accurately calculate the amount of materials used.

At the stage of designing a house made of timber, it is worth thinking through many little things that you will have to face in the future:

• it is necessary to decide where the material will be purchased, as well as where it will be stored until construction begins;
• what communications will be carried out to the site, and which have already been carried out;
• it is also necessary to contact a local architectural bureau for permission before starting work;
• budgeting - important stage creating a house made of timber.

Attention! When calculating the dimensions of a building, the cross-section of the timber should be taken into account. The standard parameters are 100x100 and 200x200 mm.

Also quite a popular option is 15x15cm timber. After finishing preparatory stage construction can begin.

Construction

In the process of building a house from timber, a number of subsequent stages will need to be completed, starting with pouring the foundation and ending with building the roof. Each of them will require the most responsible approach to work.

Foundation

The durability of a timber house depends on the quality of the poured foundation. This type of work is one of the most important when building a house. In addition, building the foundation is the most difficult stage. However, if all the subtleties are observed, such work can be done independently.

First, you should decide what type of foundation to choose for a house made of timber. Strip foundations are especially popular among private developers. It is usually built for multi-level buildings. You can also install a pile or monolithic foundation. In the latter case, the cost of pouring the base will be significant. In addition, such foundations are usually not built for timber - wooden structures are lightweight.

What type of foundation will be chosen for a house made of timber depends on the landscape features of the site. The cost of the foundation is equal to 30% of the budget of the entire structure. The filling process is quite complicated, so you will have to be patient.

Advice! To make the installation of a timber house foundation faster and more convenient, you can purchase screw piles. They are installed in 1 day.

Laying the first crown

First, the bottom trim is laid. This structural element is more exposed to bad weather and insects than others. The foundation should be as level as possible. The first crown is always treated with an antiseptic. This will ensure its full protection from various negative influences.

Important! When laying the external walls of a house made of timber, you should use 150x150 mm timber. When installing internal partitions and floor beams, it is better to choose 100x50 mm timber.

Flooring and walls

After installation bottom trim laying logs for the flooring of a house made of timber. It is better if they are mounted on an edge. The joists are covered with a subfloor. It should be made from boards 25x150 mm. The work of laying the floor is completed by laying the final covering. It is usually made from tongue and groove boards.

Walls

The walls are quite simple to build. In the process of work, you just need to lay the beams on top of each other. The main thing is to carry out correct installation first crown. To fasten the rows vertically, special elements are used - dowels. They prevent the beam from twisting or moving. Wood or metal can be used as a material for dowels.

When choosing wooden pins, they are made from the type of wood from which the timber itself is made. They differ in greater reliability and price metal dowels.

The pins are driven in as in the case of brickwork. The dowels are driven through several rows, one at a time. Holes of the appropriate diameter should be pre-drilled for the pins. The pins must be inserted effortlessly. They are installed every one and a half meters.

Important! To insulate the walls and give them greater strength, a sealant should be laid between the rows. Tow should be used as a material.

It is best to make a corner connection of the “warm corner” type. The corners are not blown through with this connection. Partitions must be embedded into main walls. Their installation is carried out after the construction of the frame.

Window openings are cut out after laying the timber. Then the house must be left for 1-2 years to shrink. Only after this can the doors and windows themselves be installed.

Roof

Beams ceiling, and rafter system and sheathing are laid according to the design. The drawings must indicate all materials used and the dimensions of each element. After the walls are built, it is necessary to lay logs protruding 50 cm beyond the base.

To make the roof as reliable as possible, you should choose a beam of 150x100 mm. Wooden elements mounted on edge. There should be 90 cm between them. After this, it is necessary to assemble the rafter system. For it, it is better to choose 5x15 cm boards. This structure will be the basis of the roof, so it should be strengthened with crossbars, braces and racks.

After the frame is installed, you can start laying out the fronts. Their frame is made of 150x150 mm timber. Boards or siding are used as cladding. On last stage it is necessary to nail down the sheathing from boards 2.5x15 cm. The sheathing should be done in increments of no more than 400 mm.

The roof covering is made of various materials:

• metal tiles;
• corrugated sheeting;
• ondulin;
• roofing felt

Usually along with the house suburban area They immediately arrange a bathhouse. That is why its construction is worth considering in more detail.

Log bathhouse

Construction technology in this case is not much different from the method of constructing a house from timber. However, several features should be taken into account during the construction process. There are specific instructions for building a bathhouse:

First the foundation is done. More optimal options- pile or belt type grounds. Their choice depends on the characteristics of the soil.

Then the material is selected. Most suitable for building a bathhouse is laminated or profiled timber 150x150 mm, made of coniferous species wood.

The first crown is placed on top of it, as well as logs for flooring and partitions inside the building. The floor must be sloping towards the drain. The drain should be equipped with a water lock to prevent cold air from entering through it.

After this, it is necessary to lay the wall beams in the “end tongue” or in the “foot”. As during the construction of a house, pins can be used to fasten the crowns.

When installing a stove, it should be taken into account that the firebox is located in the steam room, and the water tank is in washing department. If you have experience in building a log house, installing a bathhouse will not be difficult.

conclusions

As you can see, creating a log house from timber is not very difficult. Even with little construction experience, you can do all the work yourself. The result will be a reliable and durable house that will be built in the shortest possible time.

If the house has complex design, before construction you should consult with professionals. It is also better to prepare all tools and materials in advance before work.

A house made of timber is assembled in stages. First you need to pour the foundation. The choice of foundation type depends on the characteristics of the soil and the number of storeys of the building. It is better to choose a strip or pile foundation. After this, walls are erected. They must have the most accurate geometry. The crowns are fastened using dowels.

For a long time, the ability to build a house from timber was considered a respected profession among the peoples inhabiting the northeastern part of Europe. Skilled carpenters were valued in Rus' and the Scandinavian countries. The secrets of the profession were passed down from generation to generation. Every man knew how to harvest wood and build a house; boys were taught chopping wood from childhood. The owner who built the house with my own hands, received universal recognition. The respectful attitude towards such people has been preserved in our time - a person who built a house from timber with his own hands is respectfully called a master.

The art of wooden architecture is based on a set of rules; this knowledge is still relevant in our time. Laying a log frame with your own hands has its own characteristics. Before you start construction, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with the advice of experienced craftsmen.

A workplace for the construction of a log house is organized after the completion of the foundation shrinkage process. Construction site includes: the foundation of the future house, a lumber warehouse and a place where carpentry work will be performed.

The lumber is stacked at a distance of 4-6 meters from the foundation and protected from rain; the stack should not come into contact with the soil and is located on a pallet. Between the foundation and the lumber warehouse, a work area for marking and cutting with a workbench 1.0-1.5 m high is equipped. When using power tools, it is necessary to supply power.

All carpentry work is carried out in work area. The assembly of structures and laying of timber is carried out directly on the walls of the log house. Working on stairs is inconvenient and unsafe; for convenience they use scaffolding industrial production. You can make scaffolding yourself - put the ceiling on vertical racks and securely fasten the structure with consumable lumber.

The cut parts from the timber are lifted along inclined logs using a rope. All work can be done together.

How to properly lay the crown molding?

The first and most important operation is laying the first (flashing) crown. The dimensions of the first row of the frame are determined at the design stage; they are commensurate with the length and width of the foundation. By using building level a basic horizontal line is applied to the casing crown to control the current height of the masonry.

The foundation material and wood have different physical properties: concrete base freezes and forms moisture upon thawing, dew also forms in the summer, concrete has a loose structure and is easily saturated with soil moisture. If waterproofing is insufficient, mold and mildew will appear on the lower beams and under the floor. The trim crown is reliably isolated from negative impact moisture.

To waterproof the base of a log house, use roofing felt, fiberglass or woven geomaterial with bitumen impregnation. To adhere to the foundation, eliminate cracks and air cavities, the waterproofing layer is treated with open fire.

How to collect crowns correctly?

The crown of the house is the main element of the log house; the crown is understood as a closed contour of timber, forming a structure with corners meeting at 90 degrees. The most common standard size for buildings made of solid timber is 250 mm, for buildings made of profiled timber – 150-200 mm. There are the following methods of joining into a crown:

• Cutting into oblo (joining into a bowl);
• Laying in the paw;
• Fastening in a bandage with a main tenon (assembly on a tenon).

Cutting into the claw and laying in the paw are universal joints; this technology can be used in construction from logs and timber. You can do it yourself by attaching it to a headband or a paw. Tenon assembly is used only in timber construction; tenoning is more complex and requires special skills.

Logging in the oblo is the best way laying a log house for a bathhouse and outbuildings, building residential buildings in a paw and on a tenon.

How to lay a corner of a house?

After the casing has been laid, you can install the corner of the house. Most often, individual developers ask the question: how to properly lay timber in the corner of a house.

Assembling corners is the most complex and time-consuming operation; the easiest way is to lay a corner from crowns assembled into a head or paw. The disadvantage is that in both cases significant gaps are formed, depending on the accuracy of cutting out the connecting elements. The corner joints are sealed and insulated.

More practical is a tenon mount, called a “warm corner”; such a connection is more labor-intensive, but has a number of advantages:

• The ends do not protrude beyond the edge of the building, the masonry is called “no residue”;
• The structure has no through gaps, the corner does not require insulation;
• The castle is located inside the structure, the facade takes on an attractive appearance;
• The building can be erected from timber of smaller sizes.

What is a half-tree angle?

Half-wood masonry simplifies the corner connection as much as possible; in this case, the end of the beam is cut in half with a horizontal cut, and one of the parts is removed. The remaining parts are overlapped at an angle of 90 degrees. The reliability of joining the timber in this connection is ensured with the help of dowels.

This construction technique is used for lightweight buildings made of logs and log buildings. Half a tree is used to build country houses, bathhouses, outbuildings and other buildings not intended for permanent residence.

How to securely fasten the crowns?

Deciding how to lay and fasten the crowns depends on the type of lumber chosen. The profiled timber is reliably connected by its own tongue-and-groove system; for reinforcement, wooden dowels are used; on one side of the building it is enough to install 6-7 such fastenings. When building from solid timber, dowels are installed every 500 mm.

Simultaneously with the laying and fastening, the inter-crown seams are sealed and insulated. For a log house for shrinkage, this operation is performed after completion of shrinkage.

How to control the assembly of a log house?

During the construction process, a number of parameters are monitored; the following are subject to control:

• Verticality of corners;
• Horizontal masonry;
• Current wall height.

To control verticality, a vertical line is applied to the end of each beam. The line is located at an equal distance from the edge of the corner and is marked using a construction square. When laying the next row, the lines of the bottom and top rows must be aligned. The resulting vertical is controlled using a plumb line; a violation of the integrity of the vertical indicates deformation of the masonry.

When laying the next row, the horizon is set using a building level. The height of the walls is measured from the base horizontal line, applied to the frame crown.

How to use dowels?

The dowels are installed tightly in specially drilled vertical holes and hammered in wooden mallet, the upper ends are recessed to a depth of 20-40 mm. Each dowel connects three rows of masonry. For timber up to 200 mm thick, dowels with a diameter of 25 mm are used, for larger thicknesses - 30 mm.

When temperature and humidity change, wooden dowels and wall beams change their dimensions proportionately without loss of adhesion; metal dowels do not have this property.

How to lay the interventional seal?

The slot seal performs the functions of heat and sound insulation and is used in the construction of any wooden buildings. The type of sealant and laying technology depend on the size of the lumber. When building from solid timber, a layer of sealant is laid when laying each row. When building from timber with natural moisture, this operation is performed after shrinkage by sealing the cracks. The profiled timber has special grooves for the seal.

The seal for solid timber is produced in the form of a strip of tow, flax, natural moss, for profiled timber - in the form of strips of felt, foamed fine-pored rubber and polyethylene foam. Sealing tape Available in sizes from 100 to 250 mm, the sealing strip is selected according to the standard size.

Mold may appear in a seal that is wet or saturated with atmospheric moisture; it is recommended to recess the seal into the gap to a depth of 20-25 mm, and treat the gap with liquid sealant.

How to install internal partitions?

Classic design wooden house- “five-walled”. Fifth interior wall is load-bearing partition and forms a single structure with the external walls. Such a partition is installed on its own part of the foundation and is erected from the same material as the log house. The timber in the partition is interlocked using dowels, the ends are joined to the outer walls in a tongue-and-groove lock.

Lightweight partitions for zoning space, installed after shrinkage. Partitions are made from lightweight solid lumber or frame structure. TO load-bearing walls Such partitions are secured with staples or nails.

All photos from the article

Modern house made from profiled timber - this is very reliable structure, with high performance characteristics. The naturalness of the material makes this option much more attractive than most others, and the possibility of realizing any plans will allow you to realize the most original ideas. In this review, we will look at what nuances should be taken into account during the assembly process and what criteria should be followed when choosing a specific option.

Pros and cons of this option

First, let's figure out what advantages profiled timber has:

Environmental friendliness	Wood – renewable natural material, which does not have a negative impact on human health and environment. The property of the material to absorb moisture from the air and release it allows you to always maintain an optimal microclimate in the premises, so living in such a house has a positive effect on the body
Budgeting	The price of this material is quite attractive, and the quality is much better than conventional unprocessed materials. Experts have calculated that total costs the cost of building a house from profiled timber will be lower than when using brick or other materials
Ease of operation	Assembling a house from profiled timber with your own hands is quite possible, but it is important to take into account one recommendation - buy a ready-made kit for a particular project, then you will have instructions at hand, and with the help of several people you can cope with the work in a fairly short period of time
Attractiveness	If you purchased high-quality processed material, then interior decoration for a house made of profiled timber will only involve applying a decorative and protective coating. You do not need to spend time and very substantial funds on purchasing finishing materials, which further increases the attractiveness of the project

Important!
Remember one simple recommendation: during the work process, handle the elements carefully, do not walk on them or place them on dirty surfaces, otherwise you will later have to remove all these contaminants using sandpaper.
It is much easier to be careful and not do unnecessary work.

Profiled timber has deservedly become one of the most popular materials for the construction of low-rise buildings. wooden buildings. But this does not eliminate the shortcomings inherent in all other solid wood building materials. That is why, when using profiled timber, you must strictly follow the technology for laying it. In this article we will try to reveal as fully as possible the issues that may arise when assembling a house from profiled timber.

Sequence of laying profiled timber

We will assume that the foundation for the house has already been built and has managed to gain the necessary strength. Considering the relatively low mass of profiled timber and a house built from it, it is advisable to choose economical foundation options: a shallow strip or a bored foundation.

The first crown is the most important

One of the most vulnerable places in a wooden house is the first, lowest crown (one row of beams forming the outline of the house). The reason is simple: it is closest to the surface of the earth. Moreover, it is in direct contact with the foundation, which “pulls” water well. Therefore, first you need to shield the first crown from the foundation with a layer of waterproofing. This can be a layer of bitumen mastic applied to the base, two layers of roofing material, etc. An underlayment beam with a thickness of 100 mm and a width not less than the width of the profiled beam is laid on the waterproofing - another intermediate link between wall material and foundation. It is best if the lining beam is made of larch, which has good resistance to rotting. But even in this case, the material will have to be treated with antiseptic drugs. The construction of a house made of profiled timber has begun.

Next, the lower crown is laid, which is a beam with one (upper) profiled side. All horizontal planes They are treated with an antiseptic; after the composition has dried, a layer of jute sealant (5 mm thick) is placed on them. Floor beams can crash into the first crown, but it is better if they rest on the foundation grillage: if they rot lower crown will less problems with its replacement. It is preferable if the first 2 crowns are made of larch.

About treating timber with antiseptics

Considering that after assembling the house you will have the opportunity to process only accessible parts of the walls, protection of all other surfaces must be carried out before laying the profiled timber. It is advisable to do this before actually assembling the house. Tikkuril, Senezh, etc. can be used as antiseptic compounds.

Sealing for insulation

Ideally, the use of jute is only necessary for corner connections profiled timber - the most vulnerable places in the house. But some types of profiles, for example, Finnish, initially involve laying a jute tape along the entire beam in its middle part. The main purpose of the jute seal is to reduce the ventilation of the walls. Usually a layer of 5 mm is sufficient.

Connection using dowels

Dowel - a pin, spike, used for fastening elements wooden structure. It is an oblong fastener with square or round. It can be wooden (when assembling a house from profiled timber, it is better to use this kind), metal or plastic. Fastening with dowels is used in cases where the moisture content of the timber exceeds 20%. This is done so that when it dries, the beam does not twist, and cracks do not form between the crowns - the dowel works to bend and prevents the beam from bending.

• Only two beams are connected to each other - no more;
• dowels are alternated in a checkerboard pattern, the distance between them should not exceed 1500 mm (see diagram below);
• the dowels should have approximately the same moisture content as the timber;
• from the previous paragraph it is obvious that it is better if these are wooden products;
• holes for them are drilled vertically, 1.5 beams;
• The diameter of the holes can exceed the diameter of the fastener by a maximum of 1 mm. It is better if it is the same (the dowel is driven with a wooden mallet and recessed into the timber);
• the length of the dowels should be 20-30 mm less than the length of the hole (shrinkage compensation)

And remember, according to the technology of laying profiled timber, you cannot use nails!

Preparing for the shrinkage period

Door and window openings are either cut out in the walls or are provided in advance (house kit). Window blocks are installed at the required level, and the door ones are installed on the first crown. The blocks are fastened along the entire end of the opening; a gap of at least 50 mm is left above the frame, which compensates for subsequent shrinkage of the house.

If it so happens that profiled timber with natural moisture was used, then after the construction of the log house, a temporary roof is erected to protect it from precipitation. The building is left alone for a period of 6 to 12 months - until the timber dries and the house shrinks. Only after this can you begin finishing work.

About shrinkage of a house made of profiled timber

On the Internet you can find information that profiled timber, for example, with natural humidity is characterized by 4, 5, 6% shrinkage. But in order to be prepared for a real change in the geometric dimensions of the timber, it is worth familiarizing yourself with GOST 6782.1-75 “Lumber from softwood. The amount of shrinkage." We will leave the information presented there without comment. We only note that the amount of shrinkage directly depends on the difference between the values ​​of the initial and final moisture content of the profiled timber.

You've probably heard more than once that the best times When assembling a house from profiled timber, natural humidity is winter. And the point is not so much that winter wood is somehow special: before the summer, the log house will be able to partially dry out in more time. mild conditions than if the construction took place in the hot season. Uniform drying is the main antidote to severe deformations in the timber.

Environmental friendliness and high quality characteristics inherent in wooden house construction. Our grandfathers assembled entire towers from round timber, the beauty of which still inspires admiration. And thanks to modern antiseptics and neomid wooden frame not afraid of fires and fungus. When installing on your own, it is easier to use timber of the correct shape. How to make a log house from timber with your own hands, the main stages of installation, rules and recommendations of specialists can be found in this article.

Designing your home

Before assembling a house from timber, you need to choose the right project. Log houses are assembled according to standard or individual projects, may differ in architectural complexity or have simple shapes. If you plan to assemble a ready-made factory log house, we recommend choosing standard project, which has advantages:

1. The log house has already been tested in operation, and the manufacturer has eliminated the main shortcomings.
2. The manufacturing material is used as economically as possible, so the price of the finished box is cheaper.
3. Easier to choose finishing material and roofing, as you can see several finished houses and chat with the owners.

When choosing an individual design, the timber is the same suitable material. He has correct form and can be adjusted to any size. Therefore, with the advent of this lumber, it became possible to collect wooden boxes the most complex and unusual form.

Choosing timber the required section, any project can easily be adjusted to any region with different average temperatures and climates. For garden or country house suitable material with a small cross-section: 100x50 mm, 100x100 mm. For permanent residence, timber with a section of 150x150, 150x200, 200x100 mm is taken. The simplest option is a square section - 150x150 mm. The square shape allows you to quickly assemble walls without selecting technical and outside. But provided that the timber is simple. In this case, the section 150x150 mm must be insulated.

One of the economical options is profiled material. The tenon and groove on the technical sides of the beam are firmly connected during installation and create a reliable barrier wind. The walls are insulated using tape insulation directly during assembly. And if the front and back sides are additionally sanded, then after assembling the box you only need to walk along the walls paint and varnish material and the house is ready to move in.

A separate group is the log house made of laminated lumber. This beam consists of lamellas that are connected to each other under the influence of a press and glue. But scientists are still arguing about the environmental friendliness of laminated lumber. The positives stand out: high strength of the walls and increased thermal insulation properties. So for the construction of a residential building from laminated veneer lumber suitable material section 100x100 mm, with winter temperature down to -15 degrees, additional wall insulation is not required.

When choosing a project, it is worth considering what type of timber the walls will be assembled from. Since further Finishing work, which means additional material investments.

Where to start?

When the project is selected, the assembly of the log house begins. The foundation of the house is being prepared - the foundation. Because light material then any type of foundation will do:

1. Columnar;
2. Tape-grillage;
3. Tape.

We do not recommend monolithic, as this is the most expensive option, which will only be profitable if the soil is moving and very crumbling. For loose, high-lying soil groundwater pile or columnar foundation. How to build a house if the soil is swampy and mobile? It is wise to use screw piles. They are easy to install with your own hands, and the log house will be less likely to “walk” in the future. But when choosing a columnar or pile foundation, you should understand that in the future the base of the house will have to be additionally surrounded by a frame and insulated. Otherwise, there will be no basement or cellar in the house, and heat loss after insulating the basement will be reduced by 15%.

One of the most popular types of foundation for a wooden frame is strip foundation. It got its name from its resemblance to a concrete strip rolled out on the ground. The height of the foundation is selected individually and is related to the characteristics of groundwater.

At high level groundwater occurrence and freezing in winter time for more than 1.2 m, the tape-grillage option can be used. The design combines a concrete strip, but on piles every 1.5 - 2 m. Moreover, the piles are poured first, then the formwork is made for the strip. Before pouring, it is recommended to calculate the cubic capacity of the foundation; this will reduce the cost of concrete.

The detailed technology for assembling a strip-grillage foundation is disclosed in one of the previous articles.

Lego for adults

The manufacturer will deliver the finished log house to the site in a sealed package, making it easier to assemble it yourself. It is difficult to assemble your own house from solid timber without experience and skills, as it requires correct connection corners But more on that below.

Harness

Before laying the first crown, it is necessary to waterproof the foundation. The tree is hermetically sealed, and through microcracks in the foundation, moisture will get to the first crown and over time it will begin to rot. For work you will need materials: bitumen mastic(price from 350 rub.) and roofing felt (price from 220 rub.)

Waterproofing is performed as follows:

1. The top of the foundation is coated with hot bitumen mastic.
2. The first layer of roofing felt is rolled out on top. When joining, the material is overlapped.
3. The roofing material is again coated with bitumen mastic.
4. Rolls out finishing layer roofing felt

The width of the roofing felt should exceed the width of the foundation by 15–20 cm. The remaining ends of the roofing felt can later be hidden under the sheathing of the base.

First crown

The first crown of the log house is laid level on the dried waterproofing. The cross-section of the first crown is larger than the others in the box. This will increase the stability of the structure.

The first crown of a log house is the most important in the structure, so to increase durability it is worth paying more for larch or aspen. They are less susceptible to moisture, and over time they acquire a hardness comparable to iron. But we do not recommend using aspen from the Volga region. The tree has a fragile core and in 90% of cases is not suitable for construction.

Before laying, the first crown is covered protective compounds(Sanezh, Belinka Bio, Tikkurila, Neomid 440 and Valtti Aquacolor (price from 120 rubles/l). The first crown is laid on laid out slats or a backing board. The slats are laid in increments of 30–40 cm across the foundation strip, the boards are sewn to the base using metal pins, the slats are 10 mm thick and create an additional gap between the foundation and the frame, which creates additional ventilation. The wooden frame is attached to the foundation using metal anchors. But only lightweight structures attach the box to the base. Big houses several floors is quite heavy and will not move from the base without additional fasteners.

Folding the box

It’s not difficult to build a log house from a ready-made kit, but with solid timber you'll have to tinker. There are several options for corner connections of the beam with the rest and even ones:

1. Assembly in paw. Spikes and nests for them are cut out at the ends of the timber. It has disadvantages: it is blown out, over time the material will dry out and serious insulation will be required.
2. IN dovetail. The option is similar to the previous one, but has a special cut at an angle. The downside is that it's difficult to drink.
3. Into the bowl. In each beam, a bowl is made from below for the upper link. The upper crown fits into the bowl and creates an airtight connection. Cons: you will need skill and a special cup cutter.
4. Half a tree. Half of the section is cut out in each end part. The upper crown is placed in the resulting nest. Disadvantages: airflow and unreliable connection. To increase adhesion, a wood key is made to connect the ends.

A corner connection with a remainder is considered warmer and more reliable. The corners and timber are additionally connected to each other using dowels. Dowels are used wooden or metal. The latter option is more reliable, but when the log house dries out, cracks form in the walls and the metal pins spoil appearance Houses. Wooden dowels can be made independently from leftover lumber or birch. The dowels will give the structure additional strength and will prevent the timber from twisting when drying. Dowels are attached to every two crowns, skipping one, with a step of at least 150 cm.

Between each beam, jute insulation is rolled out (price from 110 rubles). If the material is profiled, then between the tenons and grooves there is a special groove for laying strip insulation. If beam connections along the length are needed, then a joint in the main tenon is used. The essence of the connection is in the tenon and groove cuts, which are securely connected and additionally secured with dowels.

The internal partitions in the log house do not need to be assembled immediately. They are made of a material with a smaller cross-section and are attached to the main walls. But if you are planning a two-story log house with your own hands, then at least one partition is assembled immediately. It serves as additional support.

Subfloors can be laid immediately. They subsequently serve as the basis for the warm “pie” of the finished floor. Mineral wool or ecowool, polystyrene foam can serve as floor insulation. Most inexpensive option use polystyrene foam, it will provide additional sound insulation between floors.

It is not recommended to cut out window and door openings in a log house right away. The building must stand. Even chamber drying during the first three months will shrink at least 3%, natural humidity at least 10%. Before inserting the frames, a socket is made, which will give the structure greater strength and prevent distortions from occurring during ground movement.

Choosing a roof and roofing

The rough roof is erected until complete shrinkage. If the timber is kiln-dried or glued, then the shrinkage is insignificant and you can start finishing the roof. Any material is suitable for roofing: corrugated sheeting, ondulin, soft tiles. Most economical option For garden houses- roofing felt or slate. The pitch of the sheathing will depend on the choice of roofing. How softer roof and the higher the roof, the more often the sheathing is done. For example, under soft tiles a backing is made of thin plywood.

The roof structure is selected individually. But the fewer bends and angles in the structure, the more reliable it will be. The simplest option is pitched roof or gable, they are assembled with their own hands.

The rafter system is assembled by laying the ceiling joists. A beam with a cross section of 100x50 mm is suitable for work. The technical side will be 50 mm. The front and frame of the rafter system are assembled from material with a section of 150x100 mm. They are attached to the Mauerlat, which is laid on top part walls. A beam with a cross section of 150x150 mm is used as a Mauerlat. The most difficult part of the installation is installing the first rafters and matrix. The rafter system can be secured to the walls using metal brackets or anchor bolts. The logs and the Mauerlat are connected to each other using a tongue-and-groove lock. Readers can read more in the article on roof installation.

The finished roof is insulated and waterproofed. This is necessary to reduce heat loss in the house. Next we proceed to additional insulation and finishing. Complete shrinkage wooden house will give after three years. At this time, it is not recommended to carry out grandiose designer finishing work, but you can already live in the house.

How much?

As you know, the one who walks can master the road, but the owner’s hands are not always trained to construction works, or work eats up everything free time. Specialists will assemble the log house in a few weeks, and the quality of work will be high. The installation price will depend on what work needs to be done. There are two types of standard services for the installation of log cabins:

1. Full construction.
2. Easy assembly.

The service differs in the list of works. Turnkey installation includes: foundation (pouring, formwork), box assembly, rafter system, roofing, subfloors and ceiling, installation of windows and doorways, All internal partitions. Simple assembly may include individual works. For example, the foundation is made with your own hands, and the frame and rafter system are assembled by specialists.