Heating system in any building consists of two parts. This is the heating device itself and the combustion product exhaust system. Installation of these parts requires special attention, because heat transfer into the house and safety depend on them. If external chimney installed incorrectly, it may occur reverse thrust, and combustion products will enter the room.

Today, external double-circuit thermally insulated chimneys (“sandwich”) are the most popular.

Advantages of double-circuit chimneys:

• There is practically no soot deposited on the walls
• Good draft increases the efficiency of the heating device
• No condensation will form
• Robust design, long service life
• Ease of maintenance
• Not heavy weight
• Possibility of installation in wooden structures
• Compliance with all safety standards

The “sandwich” chimney consists of three parts: the outer and inner pipes, thermal insulation.

Structure of the external chimney:

• Heating device
• Bends for controlling gas movement
• Valves for pipes, bends, tees
• Tee stand
• Tee for connecting a heating device to the lower compartment of the chimney. The tee must be made of stainless steel.
• Stainless steel pipe brackets.
• External chimney pipe with thermal insulation made of ceramic wool.
• Bracket for high-strength dowels for reinforced fastening.
• The top is a part of the pipe in a protected casing with thermal insulation.
• Stainless steel cap.

The diameter of the smoke channel must be at least 8 cm2. per kilowatt of heating device power, at a rate of gas removal from the boiler at intervals of 0.15 - 0.6 m/sec.

Features of installation of an external double-circuit chimney

Most of the external chimney is located outside the building and connects to heating device using a horizontal pipe passing through the wall.

The chimney is installed from bottom to top (from the boiler). To prevent moisture from getting on the insulation, you must always put the gas outlet pipe on top of the previous one. The heat resistance of the sealant must be at least 1000°C. Clamps connect the joints. Every two meters the chimney is attached to the wall using a bracket.

The tees are also attached to the wall with brackets. Horizontal sections of the chimney should not be more than 1 m. You also need to remember that the chimney does not come into contact with gas pipes or electrical wiring.

Our professionals will quickly and efficiently install an external chimney in your home.

As we all know, the chimney is one of the most important components of many home heating systems and is used to remove combustion products from heating equipment.

Chimneys are vertical pipes in which draft is created, due to which flue gases are removed outside the house and air enters the firebox.

If it is not possible to place inside the house, then its construction is carried out outside. The efficiency of the entire heating system and the safety of living in the house depend on the correct installation of the chimney.

Most best option, when the design and location of the chimney is laid out during the design of the house, even before the start of construction work. If the house was built a long time ago, it is necessary to regularly check the chimney for suitability. In the case of building a new house, it is best to place the chimney inside the house, in one of the internal walls, then it will transfer heat into the room and will never freeze in winter time of the year.

If it is impossible to locate the chimney in the internal wall of the house, you should think about building a chimney outside the house. This method of constructing chimneys is most often used when installing a heating system in an existing house.

When placed outdoors, the chimney from heating unit discharged through the wall of the room.

This method of placing a chimney has its advantages, the main of which are ease of installation, savings usable area, Besides, inIn this case, there is no need to vent the chimney through interfloor ceilings and the roof, as well as the disadvantages - there must be a free plot of land, a chimney located outside the house must be thermally insulated, it must be harmoniously combined with the architecture of the house, and not spoil its appearance.

If all these measures are not taken into account when installing a chimney outside the house, problems may arise with the kindling (smoke, poor draft), the smell of combustion products, and also cooling the room.

The construction of chimneys is carried out from a variety of building materials - brick (solid burnt clay brick), made of ceramic (fireclay brick) with an outer shell of lightweight concrete, as well as stainless steel (insulated and without thermal insulation).

The chimney outlet is best placed in the highest part of the roof. Such a chimney, although tall, will only have a small portion above the roof, where it will be exposed to the damaging effects of wind and other atmospheric factors. Moreover, from the point of view fire safety, the chimney must be placed on a certain minimum distance from the roof surface and other obstacles such as dormer windows. Required building codes and distance rules are shown in the figures.

In new private houses equipped heating boilers, for withdrawal flue gases install traditional brick chimneys, and also increasingly used chimney systems made of steel or ceramics.

Which chimney should you choose? How to properly make a chimney for a boiler in a private house? Where can I buy quality chimney pipes of steel?

For a solid fuel boiler - a brick chimney

A brick chimney is usually costs less, than modern chimney systems. Traditional trumpet chimney from ceramic bricks easily withstands high flue gas temperatures. The pipe can even withstand ignition of soot accumulations in the chimney.

A brick chimney for a boiler in a private house is a rather heavy structure. The chimney is located on the foundation or durable reinforced concrete floor. The construction of such a chimney requires certain skills; it is better to entrust the laying of a sealed and durable chimney to a qualified stove mason.

Channels and chimneys and ventilation are often placed in a brick chimney

Masonry chimney made from high-quality solid ceramic bricks of a grade not lower than M125 on a regular masonry mortar. The upper section of the pipe, above the roof, can be laid out from the front or clinker bricks. The thickness of the chimney walls must be at least 120 mm(half a brick).

Brick chimney laying. Ventilation ducts are usually placed next to the chimney in one vertical block. Templates make it easier to lay even channels with smooth walls.

The size of the chimney and ventilation channels is chosen as a multiple of the brick size, taking into account the thickness of the vertical joints. For example, channel cross-section can be 140x140 mm(1/2x1/2 brick) or 140x200 mm(1/2x3/4 bricks), or 140x270 mm(1/2 x 1 brick). In practice, a smoke channel is often made measuring 20 x 20 cm(3/4x3/4 bricks). If necessary, it is easy to select and insert a round steel or ceramic liner of the appropriate diameter into such a channel.

The flue gases in the chimney duct should not be very cool. Therefore, they try to build the chimney into the masonry interior wall at home or attached to the wall. Sections of the chimney that pass through unheated room(attic) or outside the house insulated with mineral wool.

Brick the chimney serves reliably and for a long time only at high flue gas temperatures, which prevents condensation from forming in the pipe. As a rule, this condition is met when the chimney is operated with a conventional one.

When working with modern boilers on gas or liquid fuel, as well as with solid fuel pyrolysis boilers, pellet and others, operating for a long time in a slow burning mode of low intensity, the brick chimney is destroyed quite quickly.

Modern boilers are designed in such a way that the exhaust gases have a fairly low temperature. As a result, condensation of water vapor contained in the flue gases occurs in the chimney. The pipe walls are constantly moistened. In addition, combining with other combustion products, water forms inner surface pipes contain aggressive chemical compounds.

In particular, the exhaust gases of boilers contain sulfur, which, interacting with water, forms sulfuric acid in the chimney, which corrodes its walls. External signs destruction - dark wet spots on outer surface brick pipe.

The operating mode of a solid fuel pyrolysis boiler also contributes to the formation of aggressive condensate in the chimney, which quickly destroys the brick chimney.

Rough chimney walls contribute to the accumulation of solid soot particles on them. Wall roughness and rectangular shape the chimney channel makes it difficult to clean the chimney from deposits.

For connecting gas and other boilers with low flue gas temperatures to a brick chimney, in a brick channel it is necessary to place an insert - a steel or ceramic chimney pipe.

A chimney made of ceramic pipes is a universal solution for a boiler in a private house

Chimneys from special chimneys ceramic pipes can be used for all types of boilers. The material is resistant to high temperatures and to any aggressive chemical compounds that may form in the chimney during combustion different types fuel. This type of chimney is the most durable.

Ceramic chimney pipes are classified according to their permissible maximum temperature waste gases.

The heating system in any building includes two elements. This is the installation of the heat generating unit itself - a boiler running on gas, liquid or solid fuel, and a system that facilitates the removal of combustion products. The installation of these elements requires close attention. The supply of heat in the house and the safety of people depend on the operation of the system as a whole.

In this article we will look at how to properly install an external chimney with your own hands and present a number of expert tips on installing a chimney. If the chimney is installed incorrectly outside the house, this can lead to unpleasant consequences: backdraft of the exhaust gas removal system (combustion products entering the room), this can cause a fire and people can be injured. There may also be insufficient heating. If you have come to the conclusion that you are quite satisfied with an external chimney, there is an opportunity to make it yourself, without resorting to outside help, and save a significant amount of money.

Currently, thermally insulated external chimneys are popular; they are usually called “sandwich” (see).

They have their advantages:

1. Good traction (helps increase Thermal efficiency installations).
2. Rapid overcoming of the condensation threshold.
3. Minimal soot deposits on the walls.
4. Durability of the structure.
5. The external chimney is easy to maintain.
6. Minimum weight.
7. Installation in wooden houses is allowed.
8. Meets fire safety standards.

The sandwich chimney has three components:

• outer pipe;
• inner pipe;
• layer of thermal insulation.

There are three types of connection of such systems:

• flanged;
• bayonet connection;
• type of connection “cold bridge”.

Attention: The main requirement for all types of connections is one: high tightness. Pay special attention to this.

Before starting installation yourself, you must know the structure of the external chimney. The main thing is to decide what elements you will need and their quantity. Make a drawing and add everything you need to the list.

1. Any unit t for heat production - boiler.
2. Bends– regulate the movement of exhaust gases. The name of the knee contains information about the angle of inclination. Welding of bends is carried out using argon welding or a tungsten electrode in an argon environment. It is possible to install dampers in them various types and viewing windows.
3. Dampers, which are to be installed in bends, pipes, tees and transitions.
4. Tee stand, made from a square stainless steel tube. Fastening to the wall is done using dowels. To do it correctly, you need the right stand for the tee. Be sure to indicate the distance between the chimney and the wall when ordering.
5. Tee 45 thermally insulated, stainless, required for connecting the boiler to the bottom of the chimney, vertical direction. A condensate drain pipe and an inspection window can be installed on the side of the structure, or at the bottom of the tee. To comply with all requirements for the installation of chimneys after assembly, the inspection window door should be placed on silicone. There are continuous, solid and prefabricated tees, connections to them are made at different angles.
6. Brackets, are made from stainless steel tube. When ordering, be sure to indicate the distance from the wall to the chimney (to comply with fire safety regulations).
7. The external chimney must be thermally insulated. Chimney, together with thermal insulation, is placed in a protective casing and thereby forms a so-called sandwich. Standard size half-meter or meter-long pipes; for the manufacture of the casing, not only stainless steel and galvanization are used, but also the customer’s material. Ceramic wool or basalt fiber is used for thermal insulation.
8. Dowel bracket reinforced, used when installing reinforced fastening. This helps with lateral loads; they are used to install unloading and expansion cups.
9. Top, heat-insulating pipe in a protected casing. The diameter of the casing itself gradually decreases and approaches the diameter of the pipe, this helps protect the insulation from external influences.
10. Cap, stainless steel, which is given the required shape by welding with a tungsten electrode.

Now you have an idea of ​​the components and will be able to correctly select all the chimney parts for the heating boiler. Correctly calculate the length and cross-section of the structure.

Attention: At the development stage of the chimney system, parameters such as cross-sectional size and height should be taken into account. The thrust increases with greater length; the higher the pipe, the stronger the thrust. However, a very high chimney will create a large aerodynamic drag moving combustion products. The placement of chimney pipes is clearly regulated SNiP 2.04.05-91. Important has a chimney section. As a rule, it is determined by: ratio internal diameter chimney to the maximum dimensions of the fireplace firebox opening (height/width) will be 10:1.

When you select the diameter of the smoke channel, you should take into account that, according to GOST 9817-95 the area of ​​the smoke channel along the cross-section of the pipe must be at least 8 cm 2 per kilowatt of power of the heating unit (fireplace, boiler or stove). A calculated value the speed of exhaust gases in the boiler itself should have an interval of 0.15 - 0.6 m/sec.

Installation of the structure

The external chimney (its main part) is installed outside the building, which is connected by a horizontal pipe through the wall of the building to the heating unit. After installing the heating boiler, it must be connected to a chimney pipe, which will be located outside the building. It's not as difficult as it seems at first glance. However, some rules must be followed.

Rules for performing work

The chimney is installed in all cases from the heating boiler, or rather, from the hob upwards. The gas exhaust pipe is always put on top of the previous one, this avoids the penetration of moisture onto the insulation.

• To seal the structure, a heat-resistant sealant is used, not less than 1000*C.
• Clamps should be used on waste connections, tees and pipes.
• At a distance of two meters, the external chimney must be rigidly attached to the wall with special brackets. They should also be used when fastening tees.
• Horizontal sections of the chimney pipe are not allowed to exceed one meter.
• Avoid contact gas pipes with chimney ducts and electrical wiring.
• When passing a pipe through a flammable structure, use special fire-fighting pipes.
• Install a removable door for cleaning (this must be done twice a season) of the structure at the base of the chimney.

Installation

When everything is known about the design and the material is ready, you can begin the main work.

• We connect the chimney to the heating boiler pipe using an elbow, pipe or tee (depending on the design).
• We connect the pipe to the chimney using the necessary transition unit.
• We treat the joints with sealant and install clamps.
• The passage through the wall is carried out using a special passage pipe (joining is prohibited in the place where the wall passes).

Attention: All sections of the chimney pipe should be pushed tightly into each other without gaps, the insertion distance should be at least 0.5 of the pipe cross-section (fitting depth).

• We are preparing the installation of the vertical part of the structure. At the end of a horizontal pipe leading through the wall, we attach a tee with fasteners for vertical pipe. If we use an elbow, it is necessary to create conditions for cleaning the horizontal gap of the connection. When using a tee, the lower outlet is blocked by a plug, which is removed or we use a tee with revision. How and to what to attach the chimney depends on its location. The pipe is attached to the wall with wall brackets every 2 meters. If the main pipe is heavy, the elbow should be supported. It often happens that it is impossible to fasten to the wall along the entire length of the structure; in this case, braces are used.
• We install a clamp with ears, attach clamps to the ears and attach guy ropes to them required length. In this case, the guy rope must have a diameter of at least 3 mm.
• In the places where the guy wires are fastened, we install eye-pins or anchors (we choose based on the mounting surface).

The next step is to lift and secure the entire vertical pipe structure. It is possible to install it in parts, but this is unsafe work at height, and sometimes completely impossible. As a rule, the pipe is assembled on the ground, fasten all parts with clamps, prepare fasteners for braces and brackets.

• To facilitate this process, we use a hinge.
• We select the desired elbow for connection and fasten the hinge to the edge outer pipe, weld it.
• We raise the finished end of the pipe to the level of the joint and also attach the hinge to the end of the elbow.
• We lift the entire structure using attached cables and a fork. This should be done in good weather; it should not be done in gusty winds.
• We carry out fastening in accessible places.
• For stability, we secure the stretch marks lightly.
• Unscrew the nuts that secure the hinge. We use a grinder to cut off the bolts themselves and knock out the ends.
• We knock out the hinge and fasten the remaining bolts at the joint.
• We perform full tension on the stretch marks. We adjust the tension using the lanyard screws.

The installation has come to an end. We fasten the joint and seal the joint. Afterwards we insulate the vertical pipe and make insulation (this way we will avoid the appearance of condensation). Now you can rest assured about heating your home.

The chimney is one of the main heating elements country house. Depending on the location, internal and external chimneys are distinguished. You can do the installation of the chimney yourself. No special knowledge is required to carry out this work. Our article will tell you how it is done.

General rules for installing a chimney

Although installing a chimney yourself is a fairly simple task, you need to know certain rules when doing it. Let's look at them:

• The length of the chimney pipe from its connection to heating equipment to the final element must be more than 5 meters. Otherwise, the draft necessary to remove smoke and other combustion elements harmful to humans will not arise in the pipe.
• Pipe transitions through walls and other ceilings, as well as the smoke pipeline located in the attic of the building, must be reliably protected from overheating, which can cause a fire. For apply special materials resistant to high temperatures, for example, basalt mats.

Insulator for chimney pipe - basalt mat

• The design of the chimney must be clearly designed and calculated. The main indicators are: pipe cross-section and chimney height.
• For reliability, the chimney is attached to the wall with clamps, the distance between which depends on the material used. It is enough to fasten their stainless steel chimneys or sandwich pipes every 1.5 m, and the cast iron chimney duct is fastened every 0.8-1 m.

• All connections of chimney pipes into a single system must be located within human visibility. This is required to control tightness.

All construction works for the installation of chimneys should be carried out based on fire safety standards.

Self-installation of a chimney

The installation of a chimney depends on the material from which it is made. Currently there are:

• brick chimneys. To install the structure you will need reliable foundation chimney. It is not recommended to assemble a brick chimney yourself;
• metal chimneys;
• smoke exhaust channels assembled from sandwich pipes;
• ceramic chimneys - mounted based on the diagram of a chimney assembled from sandwich pipes;
• polymer chimneys are installed in the same way as smoke ducts made from sandwich pipes.

Tools required for chimney installation

The chimney structure involves grooves for connecting all elements into a single system. However, to assemble the chimney you will need:

• a grinder is used to cut pipes evenly;
• It is more convenient to drill holes at pipe joints with a drill;
• screwdriver or set of screwdrivers;
• a jigsaw is used to cut holes for pipes passing through the ceilings;
• For subsequent sealing of holes, a trowel and spatula are used;
• For personal protection of the person assembling the chimney, goggles and gloves are used.

Set of necessary construction tools: 1- Bulgarian; 2- drill; 3- screwdriver; 4- jigsaw; 5- trowel; 6- spatula; 7- construction glasses; 8- construction gloves

It is not recommended to carry out any work without personal protective equipment.

Installation of metal chimneys

To mount metal chimney, necessary:

1. adjust according to the right sizes all constituent elements;
2. Make holes in the right places (walls, roof, etc.). If a stainless steel chimney is installed, the diameter of the holes should be 1.5 times the diameter of the pipe used. For cast iron chimneys, it is recommended to make holes 2 times larger than the diameter of the pipe;

1. a chimney is installed;
2. in the necessary places, the chimney is attached to a wall or other solid surface;
3. the installed chimney is connected to the heating device;
4. all necessary sections of the chimney;

1. A cap is installed in the upper part of the chimney pipe, protecting the entire chimney channel from precipitation and foreign objects.

The chimney cap will protect the pipe from precipitation

A metal chimney installed in compliance with all rules and regulations will serve for a long time.

In order to improve aesthetically pleasing the chimney can be decorated using non-combustible materials, for example, ceramic tiles or decorative stone.

Installation of a chimney from sandwich pipes

When building a chimney from sandwich pipes, you must complete all the steps described above. The nuances of assembling this type of chimney duct are:

1. no need to make holes in the ceilings large diameter. Sandwich pipes are made in such a way that the necessary insulation is already provided for by the design and all that remains is to protect the surface of the floors from exposure to high temperatures;
2. When connecting sandwich pipes together, construction adhesive is additionally used, which gives the connection additional strength and tightness.

Sandwich pipes are the most modern building material. In terms of their quality, chimneys assembled from sandwich pipes are not inferior to metal ones.

Installation of an external chimney

The installation scheme for an external chimney is somewhat different from the construction scheme for a chimney located inside the house. To build an external chimney, you will need:

1. a hole is made in the wall at a distance of at least 50 cm from the outlet of the heating device;
2. along the entire length of the chimney along external wall fasteners are installed, the distance between which should not be less than 1 m;
3. According to fire safety rules, an elbow is mounted between the inner and outer parts of the wall. The connection to the walls is reliably insulated from overheating. The lower part of the chimney rests on the installed bracket;

1. inside the house, the chimney is connected to the heating equipment;

1. the outer component of the chimney is assembled and attached to the wall and to the transition elbow;

1. the upper part of the chimney is protected by a cap.

For an external chimney, it is more advisable to use metal pipes.

Before you begin installing a chimney, you need to prepare all the necessary components of the system and tools. The chimney is installed according to the above diagrams. The main thing is compliance with fire safety standards.